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Weber MD, Richards TM, Sutton TT, Carter JE, Eytan RI. Deep-pelagic fishes: Demographic instability in a stable environment. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11267. [PMID: 38638366 PMCID: PMC11024635 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Demographic histories are frequently a product of the environment, as populations expand or contract in response to major environmental changes, often driven by changes in climate. Meso- and bathy-pelagic fishes inhabit some of the most temporally and spatially stable habitats on the planet. The stability of the deep-pelagic could make deep-pelagic fishes resistant to the demographic instability commonly reported in fish species inhabiting other marine habitats, however the demographic histories of deep-pelagic fishes are unknown. We reconstructed the historical demography of 11 species of deep-pelagic fishes using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data. We uncovered widespread evidence of population expansions in our study species, a counterintuitive result based on the nature of deep-pelagic ecosystems. Frequency-based methods detected potential demographic changes in nine species of fishes, while extended Bayesian skyline plots identified population expansions in four species. These results suggest that despite the relatively stable nature of the deep-pelagic environment, the fishes that reside here have likely been impacted by past changes in climate. Further investigation is necessary to better understand how deep-pelagic fishes, by far Earth's most abundant vertebrates, will respond to future climatic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max D. Weber
- Texas A&M University at GalvestonGalvestonTexasUSA
| | | | | | | | - Ron I. Eytan
- Texas A&M University at GalvestonGalvestonTexasUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
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Wang WL, Fu W, Le Moigne FAC, Letscher RT, Liu Y, Tang JM, Primeau FW. Biological carbon pump estimate based on multidecadal hydrographic data. Nature 2023; 624:579-585. [PMID: 38057667 PMCID: PMC10733149 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06772-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The transfer of photosynthetically produced organic carbon from surface to mesopelagic waters draws carbon dioxide from the atmosphere1. However, current observation-based estimates disagree on the strength of this biological carbon pump (BCP)2. Earth system models (ESMs) also exhibit a large spread of BCP estimates, indicating limited representations of the known carbon export pathways3. Here we use several decades of hydrographic observations to produce a top-down estimate of the strength of the BCP with an inverse biogeochemical model that implicitly accounts for all known export pathways. Our estimate of total organic carbon (TOC) export at 73.4 m (model euphotic zone depth) is 15.00 ± 1.12 Pg C year-1, with only two-thirds reaching 100 m depth owing to rapid remineralization of organic matter in the upper water column. Partitioned by sequestration time below the euphotic zone, τ, the globally integrated organic carbon production rate with τ > 3 months is 11.09 ± 1.02 Pg C year-1, dropping to 8.25 ± 0.30 Pg C year-1 for τ > 1 year, with 81% contributed by the non-advective-diffusive vertical flux owing to sinking particles and vertically migrating zooplankton. Nevertheless, export of organic carbon by mixing and other fluid transport of dissolved matter and suspended particles remains regionally important for meeting the respiratory carbon demand. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the sequestration efficiency inferred from our inversion suggests that future global warming may intensify the recycling of organic matter in the upper ocean, potentially weakening the BCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Weiwei Fu
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Robert T Letscher
- Earth Sciences and Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jin-Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - François W Primeau
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Richardson K, Steffen W, Lucht W, Bendtsen J, Cornell SE, Donges JF, Drüke M, Fetzer I, Bala G, von Bloh W, Feulner G, Fiedler S, Gerten D, Gleeson T, Hofmann M, Huiskamp W, Kummu M, Mohan C, Nogués-Bravo D, Petri S, Porkka M, Rahmstorf S, Schaphoff S, Thonicke K, Tobian A, Virkki V, Wang-Erlandsson L, Weber L, Rockström J. Earth beyond six of nine planetary boundaries. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh2458. [PMID: 37703365 PMCID: PMC10499318 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh2458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
This planetary boundaries framework update finds that six of the nine boundaries are transgressed, suggesting that Earth is now well outside of the safe operating space for humanity. Ocean acidification is close to being breached, while aerosol loading regionally exceeds the boundary. Stratospheric ozone levels have slightly recovered. The transgression level has increased for all boundaries earlier identified as overstepped. As primary production drives Earth system biosphere functions, human appropriation of net primary production is proposed as a control variable for functional biosphere integrity. This boundary is also transgressed. Earth system modeling of different levels of the transgression of the climate and land system change boundaries illustrates that these anthropogenic impacts on Earth system must be considered in a systemic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Richardson
- Globe Institute, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Will Steffen
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Lucht
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Geography, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jørgen Bendtsen
- Globe Institute, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah E. Cornell
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan F. Donges
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Drüke
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ingo Fetzer
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Govindasamy Bala
- Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka – 560012, India
| | - Werner von Bloh
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Georg Feulner
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stephanie Fiedler
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel and Faculty for Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Gerten
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Geography, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tom Gleeson
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthias Hofmann
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Willem Huiskamp
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Matti Kummu
- Water and Development Research Group, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Chinchu Mohan
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel and Faculty for Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Waterplan (YC S21), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Nogués-Bravo
- Globe Institute, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Petri
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Miina Porkka
- Water and Development Research Group, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Stefan Rahmstorf
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sibyll Schaphoff
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kirsten Thonicke
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Arne Tobian
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vili Virkki
- Water and Development Research Group, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lan Wang-Erlandsson
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa Weber
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel and Faculty for Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Johan Rockström
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute for Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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