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Sharif R, Zhu Y, Huang Y, Sohail H, Li S, Chen X, Qi X. microRNA regulates cytokinin induced parthenocarpy in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108681. [PMID: 38776825 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Parthenocarpy is one of the most important agronomic traits for fruit yield in cucumbers. However, the precise gene regulation and the posttranscriptional mechanism are elusive. In the presented study, one parthenocarpic line DDX and non-parthenocarpic line ZK were applied to identify the microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in parthenocarpic fruit formation. The differential expressed miRNAs among parthenocarpic fruit of forchlorfenuron (CPPU) treated ZK (ZK-CPPU), pollinated ZK (ZK-P), non-pollinated DDX (DDX-NP) were compared with the non-parthenocarpic fruits of non-pollinated ZK (ZK-NP). It indicated 98 miRNAs exhibited differential expression were identified. Notably, a significant proportion of these miRNAs were enriched in the signal transduction pathway of plant hormones, as identified by the KEGG pathway analysis. qRT-PCR validation indicated that CsmiR156 family was upregulated in the ZK-NP while downregulated in ZK-CPPU, ZK-P, and DDX-NP at 1 day after anthesis. Meanwhile, the opposite trend was observed for CsmiR164a. In ZK-CPPU, ZK-P, and DDX-NP, CsmiRNA156 genes (CsSPL16 and CsARR9-like) were upregulated while CsmiRNA164a genes (CsNAC6, CsCUC1, and CsNAC100) were downregulated. The GUS and dual luciferase assay validated that CsmiR156a inhibited while CsmiR164a induced their target genes' transcription. This study presents novel insights into the involvement of CsmiR156a and CsmiR164a in the CK-mediated posttranscriptional regulation of cucumber parthenocarpy, which will aid future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Sharif
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Yamei Zhu
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Yaoyue Huang
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Hamza Sohail
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Su Li
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Xuehao Chen
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.
| | - Xiaohua Qi
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.
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Jia X, Xu S, Wang Y, Jin L, Gao T, Zhang Z, Yang C, Qing Y, Li C, Ma F. Age-dependent changes in leaf size in apple are governed by a cytokinin-integrated module. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:2406-2427. [PMID: 38588053 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Plants undergo various age-dependent changes in leaf morphology during juvenile to adult vegetative stage. However, the precise molecular mechanisms governing these changes in apple (Malus domestica) remain unknown. Here, we showed that CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE5 (MdCKX5), an age-dependent gene, encodes a functional CKX enzyme and serves as the common downstream target of SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) transcription factor MdSPL14 and WRKY transcription factor MdWRKY24 to control the degradation of cytokinin (CK). As the target of mdm-microRNA156a, MdSPL14 interacts with MdWRKY24 to coordinately repress the transcription of MdCKX5 by forming the age-mediated mdm-miR156a-MdSPL14-MdWRKY24 module, which regulates age-dependent changes in CK during the juvenile-to-adult phase transition. We further demonstrated that MdARR6, a type-A ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR (ARR), is a negative feedback regulator in the CK signaling pathway. Silencing of MdARR6 in apple resulted in large leaves with smaller epidermal cells and a greater number of epidermal cells. Biochemical analysis showed that the mdm-miR156a-MdSPL14-MdWRKY24 module acts as a transcriptional repressor to directly regulate MdARR6 expression, thus controlling the age-dependent changes in leaf size by reducing CK responses. These findings established a link between the age pathway and CK signaling and revealed the molecular mechanism underlying age-dependent changes during the juvenile-to-adult phase transition; our results also provide targets for the genetic improvement of the vegetative phase transition in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xumei Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Tengteng Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Yubin Qing
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
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Wang X, Song X, Miao H, Feng S, Wu G. Natural variation in CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED ION CHANNEL 4 reveals a novel role of calcium signaling in vegetative phase change in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1043-1054. [PMID: 38184789 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The timing of vegetative phase change (VPC) in plants is regulated by a temporal decline in the expression of miR156. Both exogenous cues and endogenous factors, such as temperature, light, sugar, nutrients, and epigenetic regulators, have been shown to affect VPC by altering miR156 expression. However, the genetic basis of natural variation in VPC remains largely unexplored. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study on the variation of the timing of VPC in Arabidopsis. We identified CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED ION CHANNEL 4 (CNGC4) as a significant locus associated with the diversity of VPC. Mutations in CNGC4 delayed VPC, accompanied by an increased expression level of miR156 and a corresponding decrease in SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING-LIKE (SPL) gene expression. Furthermore, mutations in CNGC2 and CATION EXCHANGER 1/3 (CAX1/3) also led to a delay in VPC. Polymorphisms in the CNGC4 promoter contribute to the natural variation in CNGC4 expression and the diversity of VPC. Specifically, the early CNGC4 variant promotes VPC and enhances plant adaptation to local environments. In summary, our findings offer genetic insights into the natural variation in VPC in Arabidopsis, and reveal a previously unidentified role of calcium signaling in the regulation of VPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huaiqi Miao
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengjun Feng
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gang Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
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Li H, Wang S, Zhai L, Cui Y, Tang G, Huo J, Li X, Bian S. The miR156/SPL12 module orchestrates fruit colour change through directly regulating ethylene production pathway in blueberry. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:386-400. [PMID: 37797061 PMCID: PMC10826998 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Colour change is an important event during fruit ripening in blueberry. It is well known that miR156/SPLs act as regulatory modules mediating anthocyanin biosynthesis and ethylene plays critical roles during colour change, but the intrinsic connections between the two pathways remain poorly understood. Previously, we demonstrated that blueberry VcMIR156a/VcSPL12 affects the accumulation of anthocyanins and chlorophylls in tomato and Arabidopsis. In this study, we first showed that VcMIR156a overexpression in blueberry led to enhanced anthocyanin biosynthesis, decreased chlorophyll accumulation, and, intriguingly, concomitant elevation in the expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes and the level of the ethylene precursor ACC. Conversely, VcSPL12 enhanced chlorophyll accumulation and suppressed anthocyanin biosynthesis and ACC synthesis in fruits. Moreover, the treatment with ethylene substitutes and inhibitors attenuated the effects of VcMIR156a and VcSPL12 on pigment accumulation. Protein-DNA interaction assays indicated that VcSPL12 could specifically bind to the promoters and inhibit the activities of the ethylene biosynthetic genes VcACS1 and VcACO6. Collectively, our results show that VcMIR156a/VcSPL12 alters ethylene production through targeting VcACS1 and VcACO6, therefore governing fruit colour change. Additionally, VcSPL12 may directly interact with the promoter region of the chlorophyll biosynthetic gene VcDVR, thereby activating its expression. These findings established an intrinsic connection between the miR156/SPL regulatory module and ethylene pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxue Li
- College of Plant ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Shouwen Wang
- College of Plant ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Lulu Zhai
- College of Plant ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yuhai Cui
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, London Research and Development CentreLondonONCanada
- Department of BiologyWestern UniversityLondonONCanada
| | - Guiliang Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology InstituteMichigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMIUSA
| | - Junwei Huo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xuyan Li
- College of Plant ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Shaomin Bian
- College of Plant ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
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Poethig RS, Fouracre J. Temporal regulation of vegetative phase change in plants. Dev Cell 2024; 59:4-19. [PMID: 38194910 PMCID: PMC10783531 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
During their vegetative growth, plants reiteratively produce leaves, buds, and internodes at the apical end of the shoot. The identity of these organs changes as the shoot develops. Some traits change gradually, but others change in a coordinated fashion, allowing shoot development to be divided into discrete juvenile and adult phases. The transition between these phases is called vegetative phase change. Historically, vegetative phase change has been studied because it is thought to be associated with an increase in reproductive competence. However, this is not true for all species; indeed, heterochronic variation in the timing of vegetative phase change and flowering has made important contributions to plant evolution. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanism of vegetative phase change, how the timing of this process is controlled by endogenous and environmental factors, and its ecological and evolutionary significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scott Poethig
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Jim Fouracre
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
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Zahn IE, Roelofsen C, Angenent GC, Bemer M. TM3 and STM3 Promote Flowering Together with FUL2 and MBP20, but Act Antagonistically in Inflorescence Branching in Tomato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2754. [PMID: 37570908 PMCID: PMC10420972 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The moment at which a plant transitions to reproductive development is paramount to its life cycle and is strictly controlled by many genes. The transcription factor SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) plays a central role in this process in Arabidopsis. However, the role of SOC1 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) has been sparsely studied. Here, we investigated the function of four tomato SOC1 homologs in the floral transition and inflorescence development. We thoroughly characterized the SOC1-like clade throughout the Solanaceae and selected four tomato homologs that are dynamically expressed upon the floral transition. We show that of these homologs, TOMATO MADS 3 (TM3) and SISTER OF TM3 (STM3) promote the primary and sympodial transition to flowering, while MADS-BOX PROTEIN 23 (MBP23) and MBP18 hardly contribute to flowering initiation in the indeterminate cultivar Moneyberg. Protein-protein interaction assays and whole-transcriptome analysis during reproductive meristem development revealed that TM3 and STM3 interact and share many targets with FRUITFULL (FUL) homologs, including cytokinin regulators. Furthermore, we observed that mutating TM3/STM3 affects inflorescence development, but counteracts the inflorescence-branching phenotype of ful2 mbp20. Collectively, this indicates that TM3/STM3 promote the floral transition together with FUL2/MBP20, while these transcription factors have opposite functions in inflorescence development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris E. Zahn
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (I.E.Z.); (G.C.A.)
| | - Chris Roelofsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (I.E.Z.); (G.C.A.)
| | - Gerco C. Angenent
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (I.E.Z.); (G.C.A.)
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Bemer
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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