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Whitehead CA, Wines BD, Davies AM, McDonnell JM, Trist HM, Esparon SE, Hogarth PM. Stellabody: A novel hexamer-promoting mutation for improved IgG potency. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 39364646 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Advances in antibody engineering are being directed at the development of next generation immunotherapeutics with improved potency. Hexamerisation of IgG is a normal physiological aspect of IgG biology and recently described mutations that facilitate this process have a substantial impact upon monoclonal antibody behavior resulting in the elicitation of dramatically enhanced complement-dependent cytotoxicity, Fc receptor function, and enhanced antigen binding effects, such as targeted receptor agonism or microbe neutralization. Whereas the discovery of IgG hexamerisation enhancing mutations has largely focused on residues with exposure at the surface of the Fc-Fc and CH2-CH3 interfaces, our unique approach is the engineering of the mostly buried residue H429 in the CH3 domain. Selective substitution at position 429 forms the basis of Stellabody technology, where the choice of amino acid results in distinct hexamerisation outcomes. H429F results in monomeric IgG that hexamerises after target binding, so called "on-target" hexamerisation, while the H429Y mutant forms pH-sensitive hexamers in-solution prior to antigen binding. Moreover, Stellabody technologies are broadly applicable across the family of antibody-based biologic therapeutics, including conventional mAbs, bispecific mAbs, and Ig-like biologics such as Fc-fusions, with applications in diverse diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa A Whitehead
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna M Davies
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, London, UK
| | - James M McDonnell
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, London, UK
| | - Halina M Trist
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra E Esparon
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Cole CC, Walker DR, Hulgan SAH, Pogostin BH, Swain JWR, Miller MD, Xu W, Duella R, Misiura M, Wang X, Kolomeisky AB, Philips GN, Hartgerink JD. Heterotrimeric collagen helix with high specificity of assembly results in a rapid rate of folding. Nat Chem 2024; 16:1698-1704. [PMID: 39009792 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01573-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The most abundant natural collagens form heterotrimeric triple helices. Synthetic mimics of collagen heterotrimers have been found to fold slowly, even compared to the already slow rates of homotrimeric helices. These prolonged folding rates are not understood. Here we compare the stabilities, specificities and folding rates of three heterotrimeric collagen mimics designed through a computationally assisted approach. The crystal structure of one ABC-type heterotrimer verified a well-controlled composition and register and elucidated the geometry of pairwise cation-π and axial and lateral salt bridges in the assembly. This collagen heterotrimer folds much faster (hours versus days) than comparable, well-designed systems. Circular dichroism and NMR data suggest the folding is frustrated by unproductive, competing heterotrimer species and these species must unwind before refolding into the thermodynamically favoured assembly. The heterotrimeric collagen folding rate is inhibited by the introduction of preformed competing triple-helical assemblies, which suggests that slow heterotrimer folding kinetics are dominated by the frustration of the energy landscape caused by competing triple helices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson C Cole
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Weijun Xu
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ryan Duella
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mikita Misiura
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anatoly B Kolomeisky
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George N Philips
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Hartgerink
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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3
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van der Lans SPA, Bardoel BW, Ruyken M, de Haas CJC, Baijens S, Muts RM, Scheepmaker LM, Aerts PC, van 't Wout MFL, Preiner J, Marijnissen RJ, Schuurman J, Beurskens FJ, Kerkman PF, Rooijakkers SHM. Agnostic B cell selection approach identifies antibodies against K. pneumoniae that synergistically drive complement activation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8100. [PMID: 39285158 PMCID: PMC11405761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibody-dependent complement activation plays a key role in the natural human immune response to infections. Currently, the understanding of which antibody-antigen combinations drive a potent complement response on bacteria is limited. Here, we develop an antigen-agnostic approach to stain and single-cell sort human IgG memory B cells recognizing intact bacterial cells, keeping surface antigens in their natural context. With this method we successfully identified 29 antibodies against K. pneumoniae, a dominant cause of hospital-acquired infections with increasing antibiotic resistance. Combining genetic tools and functional analyses, we reveal that the capacity of antibodies to activate complement on K. pneumoniae critically depends on their antigenic target. Furthermore, we find that antibody combinations can synergistically activate complement on K. pneumoniae by strengthening each other's binding in an Fc-independent manner. Understanding the molecular basis of effective complement activation by antibody combinations to mimic a polyclonal response could accelerate the development of antibody-based therapies against problematic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjors P A van der Lans
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart W Bardoel
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Ruyken
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla J C de Haas
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stan Baijens
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Remy M Muts
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette M Scheepmaker
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Piet C Aerts
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marije F L van 't Wout
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Priscilla F Kerkman
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan H M Rooijakkers
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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4
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Noone DP, Isendoorn MME, Hamers SMWR, Keizer ME, Wulffelé J, van der Velden TT, Dijkstra DJ, Trouw LA, Filippov DV, Sharp TH. Structural basis for surface activation of the classical complement cascade by the short pentraxin C-reactive protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2404542121. [PMID: 39240968 PMCID: PMC11406272 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2404542121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Human C-reactive protein (CRP) is a pentameric complex involved in immune defense and regulation of autoimmunity. CRP is also a therapeutic target, with both administration and depletion of serum CRP being pursued as a possible treatment for autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases, among others. CRP binds to phosphocholine (PC) moieties on membranes to activate the complement system via the C1 complex, but it is unknown how CRP, or any pentraxin, binds to C1. Here, we present a cryoelectron tomography (cryoET)-derived structure of CRP bound to PC ligands and the C1 complex. To gain control of CRP binding, a synthetic mimotope of PC was synthesized and used to decorate cell-mimetic liposome surfaces. Structure-guided mutagenesis of CRP yielded a fully active complex able to bind PC-coated liposomes that was ideal for cryoET and subtomogram averaging. In contrast to antibodies, which form Fc-mediated hexameric platforms to bind and activate the C1 complex, CRP formed rectangular platforms assembled from four laterally associated CRP pentamers that bind only four of the six available globular C1 head groups. Potential residues mediating lateral association of CRP were identified from interactions between unit cells in existing crystal structures, which rationalized previously unexplained mutagenesis data regarding CRP-mediated complement activation. The structure also enabled interpretation of existing biochemical data regarding interactions mediating C1 binding and identified additional residues for further mutagenesis studies. These structural data therefore provide a possible mechanism for regulation of complement by CRP, which limits complement progression and has consequences for how the innate immune system influences autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan P Noone
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein M E Isendoorn
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratory, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan M W R Hamers
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska E Keizer
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jip Wulffelé
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tijn T van der Velden
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe J Dijkstra
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert A Trouw
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V Filippov
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratory, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas H Sharp
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
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5
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Vukovich MJ, Shiakolas AR, Lindenberger J, Richardson RA, Bass LE, Barr M, Liu Y, Go EP, Park CS, May AJ, Sammour S, Kambarami C, Huang X, Janowska K, Edwards RJ, Mansouri K, Spence TN, Abu-Shmais AA, Manamela NP, Richardson SI, Leonard SEW, Gripenstraw KR, Setliff I, Saunders KO, Bonami RH, Ross TM, Desaire H, Moore PL, Parks R, Haynes BF, Sheward DJ, Acharya P, Sautto GA, Georgiev IS. Isolation and characterization of IgG3 glycan-targeting antibodies with exceptional cross-reactivity for diverse viral families. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012499. [PMID: 39292703 PMCID: PMC11410209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Broadly reactive antibodies that target sequence-diverse antigens are of interest for vaccine design and monoclonal antibody therapeutic development because they can protect against multiple strains of a virus and provide a barrier to evolution of escape mutants. Using LIBRA-seq (linking B cell receptor to antigen specificity through sequencing) data for the B cell repertoire of an individual chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), we identified a lineage of IgG3 antibodies predicted to bind to HIV-1 Envelope (Env) and influenza A Hemagglutinin (HA). Two lineage members, antibodies 2526 and 546, were confirmed to bind to a large panel of diverse antigens, including several strains of HIV-1 Env, influenza HA, coronavirus (CoV) spike, hepatitis C virus (HCV) E protein, Nipah virus (NiV) F protein, and Langya virus (LayV) F protein. We found that both antibodies bind to complex glycans on the antigenic surfaces. Antibody 2526 targets the stem region of influenza HA and the N-terminal domain (NTD) region of SARS-CoV-2 spike. A crystal structure of 2526 Fab bound to mannose revealed the presence of a glycan-binding pocket on the light chain. Antibody 2526 cross-reacted with antigens from multiple pathogens and displayed no signs of autoreactivity. These features distinguish antibody 2526 from previously described glycan-reactive antibodies. Further study of this antibody class may aid in the selection and engineering of broadly reactive antibody therapeutics and can inform the development of effective vaccines with exceptional breadth of pathogen coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Vukovich
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Andrea R. Shiakolas
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jared Lindenberger
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Richardson
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, United States of America
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lindsay E. Bass
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Maggie Barr
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yanshun Liu
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Eden P. Go
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Chan Soo Park
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Aaron J. May
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Salam Sammour
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Chipo Kambarami
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xiao Huang
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Katarzyna Janowska
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Katayoun Mansouri
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Taylor N. Spence
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alexandra A. Abu-Shmais
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Nelia P. Manamela
- MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Simone I. Richardson
- MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sabina E. W. Leonard
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kathryn R. Gripenstraw
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ian Setliff
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kevin O. Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rachel H. Bonami
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, United States of America
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Heather Desaire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Penny L. Moore
- MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Robert Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Sheward
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Giuseppe A. Sautto
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, United States of America
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ivelin S. Georgiev
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Program in Computational Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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6
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Zhang B, Li S, Zhou J, Wang W, Xiao L, Yuan X, Yi X, Fan L, Fan B, Zhu X, Li J, Li B. A novel virus-like particles vaccine induces broad immune protective against deltacoronavirus in piglets. Virology 2024; 597:110150. [PMID: 38917690 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) comprise a group of important human and animal pathogens that threaten public health because of their interspecies transmission potential to humans. However, virus-like particles (VLPs) constitute versatile tools in CoVs vaccine development due to their favorable immunological characteristics. Here, we engineered the VLPs composed of the spike (S), membrane (M), and envelope (E) structural proteins of the Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and examined their immune responses in mice. Neutralization assays and flow Cytometry demonstrated that PDCoV VLPs induced highly robust neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and elicited cellular immunity. To assess the protective efficacy of VLPs in newborn piglets, pregnant sows received vaccinations with either a PDCoV-inactivated vaccine or VLPs at 40 and 20 days before delivery. Five days post-farrowing, piglets were orally challenged with the PDCoV strain. Severe diarrhea, high viral RNA copies, and substantial intestinal villus atrophy were detected in piglets born to unimmunized sows. However, piglets from sows immunized with VLPs exhibited high NAbs titers and markedly reduced microscopic damage to the intestinal tissues, with no piglet showing diarrhea. Hence, the results indicate that the VLPs are a potential clinical candidate for PDCoV vaccination, while the strategy may serve as a platform for developing other coronavirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baotai Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jinzhu Zhou
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xuesong Yuan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Liyuan Fan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Baochao Fan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Life Sciences, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xing Zhu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jizong Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Life Sciences, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Life Sciences, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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7
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Hamers SMWR, Abendstein L, Boyle AL, Jongkees SAK, Sharp TH. Selection and characterization of a peptide-based complement modulator targeting C1 of the innate immune system. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:787-799. [PMID: 39092440 PMCID: PMC11289891 DOI: 10.1039/d4cb00081a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The human complement pathway plays a pivotal role in immune defence, homeostasis, and autoimmunity regulation, and complement-based therapeutics have emerged as promising interventions, with both antagonistic and agonistic approaches being explored. The classical pathway of complement is initiated when the C1 complex binds to hexameric antibody platforms. Recent structural data revealed that C1 binds to small, homogeneous interfaces at the periphery of the antibody platforms. Here, we have developed a novel strategy for complement activation using macrocyclic peptides designed to mimic the interface between antibodies and the C1 complex. In vitro selection utilizing the RaPID system identified a cyclic peptide (cL3) that binds to the C1 complex via the globular head domains of C1q. Notably, when immobilized on surfaces, cL3 effectively recruits C1 from human serum, activates C1s proteases, and induces lysis of cell-mimetic lipid membranes. This represents the first instance of a peptide capable of activating complement by binding C1 when immobilized. Further characterization and synthesis of deletion mutants revealed a critical cycle size of cL3 essential for C1 binding and efficient complement activation. Importantly, cL3 also demonstrated the ability to inhibit complement-mediated lysis without affecting C1 binding, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic modality to prevent complement-dependent cytotoxicity whilst promoting cellular phagocytosis and cell clearance. In summary, this study introduces the concept of "Peptactins" - peptide-based activators of complement - and underscores the potential of macrocyclic peptides for complement modulation, offering potential advantages over traditional biologicals in terms of size, production, and administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan M W R Hamers
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Leoni Abendstein
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Aimee L Boyle
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1QU UK
| | - Seino A K Jongkees
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Thomas H Sharp
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TD UK
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8
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Hamers SMWR, Boyle AL, Sharp TH. Engineering Agonistic Bispecifics to Investigate the Influence of Distance on Surface-Mediated Complement Activation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:235-243. [PMID: 38819221 PMCID: PMC11215631 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The development of agonists capable of activating the human complement system by binding to the C1 complex presents a novel approach for targeted cell killing. Bispecific nanobodies and Abs can successfully use C1 for this purpose; however, efficacy varies significantly between epitopes, Ab type, and bispecific design. To address this variability, we investigated monomeric agonists of C1 in the form of bispecific nanobodies, which lack Fc domains that lead to oligomerization in Abs. These therefore offer an ideal opportunity to explore the geometric parameters crucial for C1 activation. In this study, we explored the impact of linker length as a metric for Ag and epitope location. DNA nanotechnology and protein engineering allowed us to design linkers with controlled lengths and flexibilities, revealing a critical range of end-to-end distances for optimal complement activation. We discovered that differences in complement activation were not caused by differential C1 activation or subsequent cleavage of C4, but instead impacted C4b deposition and downstream membrane lysis. Considering the importance of Ab class and subclass, this study provides insights into the structural requirements of C1 binding and activation, highlighting linker and hinge engineering as a potential strategy to enhance potency over specific cellular targets. Additionally, using DNA nanotechnology to modify geometric parameters demonstrated the potential for synthetic biology in complement activation. Overall, this research offers valuable insights into the design and optimization of agonists for targeted cell killing through complement activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aimee L. Boyle
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas H. Sharp
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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9
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Kulkarni HS. Hexamerization: explaining the original sin of IgG-mediated complement activation in acute lung injury. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e181137. [PMID: 38828725 PMCID: PMC11142731 DOI: 10.1172/jci181137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Although antibody-mediated lung damage is a major factor in transfusion-related acute lung injury (ALI), autoimmune lung disease (for example, coatomer subunit α [COPA] syndrome), and primary graft dysfunction following lung transplantation, the mechanism by which antigen-antibody complexes activate complement to induce lung damage remains unclear. In this issue of the JCI, Cleary and colleagues utilized several approaches to demonstrate that IgG forms hexamers with MHC class I alloantibodies. This hexamerization served as a key pathophysiological mechanism in alloimmune lung injury models and was mediated through the classical pathway of complement activation. Additionally, the authors provided avenues for exploring therapeutics for this currently hard-to-treat clinical entity that has several etiologies but a potentially focused mechanism.
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10
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Abendstein L, Noteborn WEM, Veenman LS, Dijkstra DJ, van de Bovenkamp FS, Trouw LA, Sharp TH. DNA Nanostructure-Templated Antibody Complexes Provide Insights into the Geometric Requirements of Human Complement Cascade Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13455-13466. [PMID: 38703132 PMCID: PMC11099972 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The classical complement pathway is activated by antigen-bound IgG antibodies. Monomeric IgG must oligomerize to activate complement via the hexameric C1q complex, and hexamerizing mutants of IgG appear as promising therapeutic candidates. However, structural data have shown that it is not necessary to bind all six C1q arms to initiate complement, revealing a symmetry mismatch between C1 and the hexameric IgG complex that has not been adequately explained. Here, we use DNA nanotechnology to produce specific nanostructures to template antigens and thereby spatially control IgG valency. These DNA-nanotemplated IgG complexes can activate complement on cell-mimetic lipid membranes, which enabled us to determine the effect of IgG valency on complement activation without the requirement to mutate antibodies. We investigated this using biophysical assays together with 3D cryo-electron tomography. Our data revealed the importance of interantigen distance on antibody-mediated complement activation, and that the cleavage of complement component C4 by the C1 complex is proportional to the number of ideally spaced antigens. Increased IgG valency also translated to better terminal pathway activation and membrane attack complex formation. Together, these data provide insights into how nanopatterning antigen-antibody complexes influence the activation of the C1 complex and suggest routes to modulate complement activation by antibody engineering. Furthermore, to our knowledge, this is the first time DNA nanotechnology has been used to study the activation of the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leoni Abendstein
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Willem E M Noteborn
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Luc S Veenman
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe J Dijkstra
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | | | - Leendert A Trouw
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas H Sharp
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K
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11
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Cleary SJ, Seo Y, Tian JJ, Kwaan N, Bulkley DP, Bentlage AE, Vidarsson G, Boilard É, Spirig R, Zimring JC, Looney MR. IgG hexamers initiate complement-dependent acute lung injury. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e178351. [PMID: 38530369 PMCID: PMC11142733 DOI: 10.1172/jci178351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibodies can initiate lung injury in a variety of disease states such as autoimmunity, in reactions to transfusions, or after organ transplantation, but the key factors determining in vivo pathogenicity of injury-inducing antibodies are unclear. Harmful antibodies often activate the complement cascade. A model for how IgG antibodies trigger complement activation involves interactions between IgG Fc domains driving the assembly of IgG hexamer structures that activate C1 complexes. The importance of IgG hexamers in initiating injury responses was not clear, so we tested their relevance in a mouse model of alloantibody- and complement-mediated acute lung injury. We used 3 approaches to block alloantibody hexamerization (antibody carbamylation, the K439E Fc mutation, or treatment with domain B from staphylococcal protein A), all of which reduced acute lung injury. Conversely, Fc mutations promoting spontaneous hexamerization made a harmful alloantibody into a more potent inducer of acute lung injury and rendered an innocuous alloantibody pathogenic. Treatment with a recombinant Fc hexamer "decoy" therapeutic protected mice from lung injury, including in a model with transgenic human FCGR2A expression that exacerbated pathology. These results indicate an in vivo role of IgG hexamerization in initiating acute lung injury and the potential for therapeutics that inhibit or mimic hexamerization to treat antibody-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David P. Bulkley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Éric Boilard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec – Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rolf Spirig
- CSL Behring, Research, CSL Behring Biologics Research Center, Bern, Switzerland
| | - James C. Zimring
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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12
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Cleary SJ, Seo Y, Tian JJ, Kwaan N, Bulkley DP, Bentlage AEH, Vidarsson G, Boilard É, Spirig R, Zimring JC, Looney MR. IgG hexamers initiate acute lung injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.24.577129. [PMID: 38328049 PMCID: PMC10849723 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.24.577129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Antibodies can initiate lung injury in a variety of disease states such as autoimmunity, transfusion reactions, or after organ transplantation, but the key factors determining in vivo pathogenicity of injury-inducing antibodies are unclear. A previously overlooked step in complement activation by IgG antibodies has been elucidated involving interactions between IgG Fc domains that enable assembly of IgG hexamers, which can optimally activate the complement cascade. Here, we tested the in vivo relevance of IgG hexamers in a complement-dependent alloantibody model of acute lung injury. We used three approaches to block alloantibody hexamerization (antibody carbamylation, the K439E Fc mutation, or treatment with domain B from Staphylococcal protein A), all of which reduced acute lung injury. Conversely, Fc mutations promoting spontaneous hexamerization made a harmful alloantibody into a more potent inducer of acute lung injury and rendered an innocuous alloantibody pathogenic. Treatment with a recombinant Fc hexamer 'decoy' therapeutic protected mice from lung injury, including in a model with transgenic human FCGR2A expression that exacerbated pathology. These results indicate a direct in vivo role of IgG hexamerization in initiating acute lung injury and the potential for therapeutics that inhibit or mimic hexamerization to treat antibody-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J. Cleary
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), CA, USA
| | - Yurim Seo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), CA, USA
| | - Jennifer J. Tian
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Kwaan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), CA, USA
| | - David P. Bulkley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), CA, USA
| | | | | | - Éric Boilard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Rolf Spirig
- CSL Behring, Research, CSL Behring Biologics Research Center, Bern, Switzerland
| | - James C. Zimring
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mark R. Looney
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), CA, USA
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13
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Damelang T, Brinkhaus M, van Osch TLJ, Schuurman J, Labrijn AF, Rispens T, Vidarsson G. Impact of structural modifications of IgG antibodies on effector functions. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1304365. [PMID: 38259472 PMCID: PMC10800522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1304365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are a critical component of the adaptive immune system, binding to and neutralizing pathogens and other foreign substances. Recent advances in molecular antibody biology and structural protein engineering enabled the modification of IgG antibodies to enhance their therapeutic potential. This review summarizes recent progress in both natural and engineered structural modifications of IgG antibodies, including allotypic variation, glycosylation, Fc engineering, and Fc gamma receptor binding optimization. We discuss the functional consequences of these modifications to highlight their potential for therapeutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Damelang
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Brinkhaus
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thijs L. J. van Osch
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Janine Schuurman
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aran F. Labrijn
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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