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Zhao Z, Miao Z, Hou Y, Zhong Y, Zhang X, Fang X. A novel signature constructed by cuproptosis-related RNA methylation regulators suggesting downregulation of YTHDC2 may induce cuproptosis resistance in colorectal cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112691. [PMID: 39029230 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A newly identified type of cell death due to intracellular copper accumulation is known as cuproptosis and RNA methylation is a post-transcriptional modification mechanism, both of which perform vital roles in the immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer (CRC), but the link between the two needs more research. METHODS TCGA database provided RNA-seq data and details clinically of CRC samples. Cuproptosis-related RNA methylation regulators (CRRMRs) were identified by correlation analysis. We screened 6 CRRMRs for prognostic model construction by employing LASSO-Cox regression analysis and calculated risk scores by CRRMRs (CuMS). GSE39582 and GSE38832 cohort were used as external validation sets. This research concentrated on the connection between the prognostic model and somatic mutation, anti-cancer drug sensitivity, immune infiltration, immune checkpoint expression. In addition, we investigated the differential expression of YTHDC2 in epithelial cell subpopulations by single-cell analysis with GSE166555, calculated cuproptosis scores and performed pathway enrichment. In vitro experiments were performed to explore the consequences of knockdown of YTHDC2 on CRC cell proliferation and migration, as well as changes in CRC cell viability in response to elesclomol after knockdown of YTHDC2. In vivo experiments, we constructed the cell line-derived xenograft model to further validate the results of the in vitro experiments. RESULTS The prognosis of CRC can be predicted by CuMS, which GSE39582 and GSE38832 confirmed. Two CuMS groups showed different tumor mutation burden (TMB) and immune infiltration. CuMS was connected to emerging immune checkpoints CD47 and PVR, therefore, it can be clinically complementary to TMB and microsatellite instability (MSI) status. In single-cell analysis, a subpopulation of epithelial cells with high YTHDC2 expression had a high cuproptosis score. In vitro experiments, knocking down YTHDC2 promoted cell proliferation and migration in CRC, and weaken the inhibitory effect of elesclomol and elesclomol-Cu on cell viability, which in vivo experiments validated. CONCLUSION We developed a prognostic model constructed by 6 CRRMRs to assess overall survival and immune microenvironment of CRC patients. YTHDC2 might regulate cuproptosis in multiple ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongkai Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Sendai Street, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Zeyu Miao
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, No. 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Yuyang Hou
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, No. 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Yifan Zhong
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, No. 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, No. 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Xuedong Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Sendai Street, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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2
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Zhang Z, Shao S, Luo H, Sun W, Wang J, Yin H. The functions of cuproptosis in gastric cancer: therapy, diagnosis, prognosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117100. [PMID: 39013221 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most prevalent type of cancer in the whole world. Cuproptosis is discovered as a programmed cell death pathway and connected to cells' growth and death, as well as tumorigenesis. The relationship between cuproptosis and GC is still elusive. Two aspects of this study will elaborate the relationship between cuproptosis and immunotherapy as well as biomarkers in GC. Notably, the herein review is intended to highlight what has been accomplished regarding the cuproptosis for the diagnosis, immunotherapy, and prognosis in GC. The aim of this study is to offer a potential directions and the strategies for future research regarding cuproptosis inside the GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Zhang
- Department of BioBank, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Suzhou 215300, PR China
| | - Shenhua Shao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinxi People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215300, PR China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou 215300, PR China
| | - Wangwei Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jiangsu 215300, PR China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jiangsu 215300, PR China.
| | - Hongqin Yin
- Department of Ultrasound, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jiangsu 215300, PR China.
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3
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Liu YT, Chen L, Li SJ, Wang WY, Wang YY, Yang QC, Song A, Zhang MJ, Mo WT, Li H, Hu CY, Sun ZJ. Dysregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling confers resistance to cuproptosis in cancer cells. Cell Death Differ 2024:10.1038/s41418-024-01341-2. [PMID: 38987382 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cuproptosis is characterized by the aggregation of lipoylated enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and subsequent loss of iron-sulfur cluster proteins as a unique copper-dependent form of regulated cell death. As dysregulation of copper homeostasis can induce cuproptosis, there is emerging interest in exploiting cuproptosis for cancer therapy. However, the molecular drivers of cancer cell evasion of cuproptosis were previously undefined. Here, we found that cuproptosis activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Mechanistically, copper binds PDK1 and promotes its interaction with AKT, resulting in activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. Notably, aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling conferred resistance of CSCs to cuproptosis. Further studies showed the β-catenin/TCF4 transcriptional complex directly binds the ATP7B promoter, inducing its expression. ATP7B effluxes copper ions, reducing intracellular copper and inhibiting cuproptosis. Knockdown of TCF4 or pharmacological Wnt/β-catenin blockade increased the sensitivity of CSCs to elesclomol-Cu-induced cuproptosis. These findings reveal a link between copper homeostasis regulated by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and cuproptosis sensitivity, and suggest a precision medicine strategy for cancer treatment through selective cuproptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wu-Yin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - An Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Tao Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan-Yu Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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4
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Chen J, Zhao D, Wang Y, Liu M, Zhang Y, Feng T, Xiao C, Song H, Miao R, Xu L, Chen H, Qiu X, Xu Y, Xu J, Cui Z, Wang W, Quan Y, Zhu Y, Huang C, Zheng SG, Zhao JY, Zhu T, Sun L, Fan G. Lactylated Apolipoprotein C-II Induces Immunotherapy Resistance by Promoting Extracellular Lipolysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2406333. [PMID: 38981044 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202406333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Mortality rates due to lung cancer are high worldwide. Although PD-1 and PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors boost the survival of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), resistance often arises. The Warburg Effect, which causes lactate build-up and potential lysine-lactylation (Kla), links immune dysfunction to tumor metabolism. The role of non-histone Kla in tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapy remains to be clarified. Here, global lactylome profiling and metabolomic analyses of samples from patients with NSCLC is conducted. By combining multi-omics analysis with in vitro and in vivo validation, that intracellular lactate promotes extracellular lipolysis through lactyl-APOC2 is revealed. Mechanistically, lactate enhances APOC2 lactylation at K70, stabilizing it and resulting in FFA release, regulatory T cell accumulation, immunotherapy resistance, and metastasis. Moreover, the anti-APOC2K70-lac antibody that sensitized anti-PD-1 therapy in vivo is developed. This findings highlight the potential of anti lactyl-APOC2-K70 approach as a new combination therapy for sensitizing immunotherapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Deping Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Feng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Chao Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Huan Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Rui Miao
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Qiu
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Yi Xu
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Jingxuan Xu
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunosciences (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Zelin Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Breast-thyroid Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Quan
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong, 273300, P. R. China
| | - Yifeng Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Yuan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Cell and Gene Therapy, Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Affiliated Songjiang Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Lianhui Sun
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Guangjian Fan
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
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5
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Huang L, Zhu J, Wu G, Xiong W, Feng J, Yan C, Yang J, Li Z, Fan Q, Ren B, Li Y, Chen C, Yu X, Shen Z. A strategy of "adding fuel to the flames" enables a self-accelerating cycle of ferroptosis-cuproptosis for potent antitumor therapy. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122701. [PMID: 38981152 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Cuproptosis in antitumor therapy faces challenges from copper homeostasis efflux mechanisms and high glutathione (GSH) levels in tumor cells, hindering copper accumulation and treatment efficacy. Herein, we propose a strategy of "adding fuel to the flames" for potent antitumor therapy through a self-accelerating cycle of ferroptosis-cuproptosis. Disulfiram (DSF) loaded hollow mesoporous copper-iron sulfide (HMCIS) nanoparticle with conjugation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and folic acid (FA) (i.e., DSF@HMCIS-PEG-FA) was developed to swiftly release DSF, H2S, Cu2+, and Fe2+ in the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME). The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels and acidity within tumor cells enhanced by the released H2S induce acceleration of Fenton (Fe2+) and Fenton-like (Cu2+) reactions, enabling the powerful tumor ferroptosis efficacy. The released DSF acts as a role of "fuel", intensifying catalytic effect ("flame") in tumor cells through the sustainable Fenton chemistry (i.e., "add fuel to the flames"). Robust ferroptosis in tumor cells is characterized by serious mitochondrial damage and GSH depletion, leading to excess intracellular copper that triggers cuproptosis. Cuproptosis disrupts mitochondria, compromises iron-sulfur (Fe-S) proteins, and elevates intracellular oxidative stress by releasing free Fe3+. These interconnected processes form a self-accelerating cycle of ferroptosis-cuproptosis with potent antitumor capabilities, as validated in both cancer cells and tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Sha-Tai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jiaoyang Zhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Sha-Tai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Guochao Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Sha-Tai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1023 Sha-Tai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1023 Sha-Tai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Chenggong Yan
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1023 Sha-Tai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Sha-Tai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zongheng Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Sha-Tai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Qingdeng Fan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Sha-Tai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Bin Ren
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Sha-Tai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Sha-Tai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Chaomin Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Sha-Tai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
| | - Xiangrong Yu
- Department of Radiology, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Zheyu Shen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Sha-Tai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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6
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Huang XY, Shen JY, Huang K, Wang L, Sethi G, Ma Z. Cuproptosis in cancers: Function and implications from bench to bedside. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116874. [PMID: 38850661 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Copper, an indispensable micronutrient, is implicated in numerous vital biological processes and is essential for all physiological activities. Recently, the discovery of a novel type of copper-dependent cell death, known as cuproptosis, has shed light on its role in cancer development. Extensive research is currently underway to unravel the mechanisms underlying cuproptosis and its correlation with various cancer types. In this review, we summarize the findings regarding the roles and mechanisms of cuproptosis in various cancer types, including colorectal cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer and cutaneous melanoma. Furthermore, the effects of copper-related agents such as copper chelators and copper ionophores on cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, tumor immunity, and chemotherapy resistance have been explored in cancer preclinical and clinical trials. These insights provide promising avenues for the development of prospective anticancer drugs aimed at inducing cuproptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China
| | - Jia-Yang Shen
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China
| | - Ke Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore.
| | - Zhaowu Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China.
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Du Y, Zhao X, He F, Gong H, Yang J, Wu L, Cui X, Gai S, Yang P, Lin J. A Vacancy-Engineering Ferroelectric Nanomedicine for Cuproptosis/Apoptosis Co-Activated Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403253. [PMID: 38703184 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Low efficacy of immunotherapy due to the poor immunogenicity of most tumors and their insufficient infiltration by immune cells highlights the importance of inducing immunogenic cell death and activating immune system for achieving better treatment outcomes. Herein, ferroelectric Bi2CuO4 nanoparticles with rich copper vacancies (named BCO-VCu) are rationally designed and engineered for ferroelectricity-enhanced apoptosis, cuproptosis, and the subsequently evoked immunotherapy. In this structure, the suppressed recombination of the electron-hole pairs by the vacancies and the band bending by the ferroelectric polarization lead to high catalytic activity, triggering reactive oxygen species bursts and inducing apoptosis. The cell fragments produced by apoptosis serve as antigens to activate T cells. Moreover, due to the generated charge by the ferroelectric catalysis, this nanomedicine can act as "a smart switch" to open the cell membrane, promote nanomaterial endocytosis, and shut down the Cu+ outflow pathway to evoke cuproptosis, and thus a strong immune response is triggered by the reduced content of adenosine triphosphate. Ribonucleic acid transcription tests reveal the pathways related to immune response activation. Thus, this study firstly demonstrates a feasible strategy for enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy using single ferroelectric semiconductor-induced apoptosis and cuproptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Du
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Fei He
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Haijiang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jiani Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Linzhi Wu
- College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xianchang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shili Gai
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Piaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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8
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Sun J, Zhu W, Luan M, Xing Y, Feng Z, Zhu J, Ma X, Wang Y, Jia Y. Positive GLI1/INHBA feedback loop drives tumor progression in gastric cancer. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:2301-2317. [PMID: 38676428 PMCID: PMC11247559 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
GLI1, a key transcription factor of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, plays an important role in the development of cancer. However, the function and mechanisms by which GLI1 regulates gene transcription are not fully understood in gastric cancer (GC). Here, we found that GLI1 induced the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells, accompanied by transcriptional upregulation of INHBA. This increased INHBA expression exerted a promoting activity on Smads signaling and then transcriptionally activated GLI1 expression. Notably, our results demonstrate that disrupting the interaction between GLI1 and INHBA could inhibit GC tumorigenesis in vivo. More intriguingly, we confirmed the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) activation mechanism of the Helicobacter pylori/FTO/YTHDF2/GLI1 pathway in GC cells. In conclusion, our study confirmed that the GLI1/INHBA positive feedback loop influences GC progression and revealed the mechanism by which H. pylori upregulates GLI1 expression through m6A modification. This positive GLI1/INHBA feedback loop suggests a novel noncanonical mechanism of GLI1 activity in GC and provides potential therapeutic targets for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingguo Sun
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenshuai Zhu
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Muhua Luan
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanxin Xing
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaotian Feng
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyu Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanfei Jia
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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9
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Lu Z, Zheng X, Shi M, Yin Y, Liang Y, Zou Z, Ding C, He Y, Zhou Y, Li X. Lactylation: The emerging frontier in post-translational modification. Front Genet 2024; 15:1423213. [PMID: 38993478 PMCID: PMC11236606 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1423213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactate, a metabolic byproduct, has gained recognition as a highly influential signaling molecule. Lactylation, an emerging form of post-translational modification derived from lactate, plays a crucial role in numerous cellular processes such as inflammation, embryonic development, tumor proliferation, and metabolism. However, the precise molecular mechanisms through which lactylation governs these biological functions in both physiological and pathological contexts remain elusive. Hence, it is imperative to provide a comprehensive overview of lactylation in order to elucidate its significance in biological processes and establish a foundation for forthcoming investigations. This review aims to succinctly outline the process of lactylation modification and the characterization of protein lactylation across diverse organisms. Additionally, A summary of the regulatory mechanisms of lactylation in cellular processes and specific diseases is presented. Finally, this review concludes by delineating existing research gaps in lactylation and proposing primary directions for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Xueting Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Mingsong Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Zhiyan Zou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Chenghe Ding
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Yuanjing He
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Key Specialty, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Xiaoan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Key Specialty, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
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10
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Li L, Zhou H, Zhang C. Cuproptosis in cancer: biological implications and therapeutic opportunities. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:91. [PMID: 38918694 PMCID: PMC11201306 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cuproptosis, a newly identified copper (Cu)-dependent form of cell death, stands out due to its distinct mechanism that sets it apart from other known cell death pathways. The molecular underpinnings of cuproptosis involve the binding of Cu to lipoylated enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This interaction triggers enzyme aggregation and proteotoxic stress, culminating in cell death. The specific mechanism of cuproptosis has yet to be fully elucidated. This newly recognized form of cell death has sparked numerous investigations into its role in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on Cu metabolism and its link to cancer. Furthermore, we delineated the molecular mechanisms of cuproptosis and summarized the roles of cuproptosis-related genes in cancer. Finally, we offered a comprehensive discussion of the most recent advancements in Cu ionophores and nanoparticle delivery systems that utilize cuproptosis as a cutting-edge strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Houfeng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenliang Zhang
- Division of Abdominal Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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11
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ZHANG Q, CAO L, XU K. [Role and Mechanism of Lactylation in Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2024; 27:471-479. [PMID: 39026499 PMCID: PMC11258650 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2024.102.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Post translational modifications (PTMs) can change the properties of a protein by covalent addition of functional groups to one or more amino acids, and influence almost all aspects of normal cell biology and pathogenesis. Lactylation is a novel identified PTM, and has been found in both histone and non-histone proteins. Since associated with the end product of glycolysis-- lactate, lactylation modification could provide a new perspective for understanding the relationship between metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications. Accumulated evidences suggest that lactylation play important roles in tumor progression and links to poor prognosis in clinical studies. Histone lactylation can affect gene expression in tumor cells and immunological cells, further promoting tumor progression and immune suppression. Lactylation on non-histone proteins can also regulate tumor progression and drug resistance. In this review, we aimed to summarize the roles of lactylation in cancer progression, microenvironment interactions and immune suppression, try to identify new molecular targets for cancer therapy and provide a new direction for combined targeted therapy and immunotherapy.
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Dai E, Wang W, Li Y, Ye D, Li Y. Lactate and lactylation: Behind the development of tumors. Cancer Lett 2024; 591:216896. [PMID: 38641309 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that lactate can have a wide range of biological impacts in addition to being a waste product of metabolism. Because of the Warburg effect, tumors generate lots of lactate, which create a tumor microenvironment (TME) with low nutrition, hypoxia, and low pH. As a result, the immunosuppressive network is established to gain immune escape potential and regulate tumor growth. Consequently, the tumor lactate pathway is emerging as a possible therapeutic target for tumor. Importantly, Zhao et al. first discovered histone lysine lactylation (Kla) in 2019, which links gene regulation to cell metabolism through dysmetabolic activity and epigenetic modifications, influencing TME and tumor development. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore the effects of lactate and lactylation on the TME and tumors, and provide theoretical basis for further research on potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers, with the view to providing new ideas and methods for tumor treatment and prognosis evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enci Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Shanghai, 201600, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Shanghai, 201600, China.
| | - Yingying Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Shanghai, 201600, China.
| | - Defeng Ye
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Yanli Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Shanghai, 201600, China.
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13
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Feng R, Li H, Meng T, Fei M, Yang C. Bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation of m6A and cuproptosis-related lncRNA NFE4 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:187. [PMID: 38797784 PMCID: PMC11128431 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01023-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to construct an m6A and cuproptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) signature to accurately predict the prognosis of kidney clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) patients using the information acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. METHODS First, the co-expression analysis was performed to identify lncRNAs linked with N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and cuproptosis in ccRCC. Then, a model encompassing four candidate lncRNAs was constructed via univariate, least absolute shrinkage together with selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate regression analyses. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier, principal component, functional enrichment annotation, and nomogram analyses were performed to develop a risk model that could effectively assess medical outcomes for ccRCC cases. Moreover, the cellular function of NFE4 in Caki-1/OS-RC-2 cultures was elucidated through CCK-8/EdU assessments and Transwell experiments. Dataset outcomes indicated that NFE4 can have possible implications in m6A and cuproptosis, and may promote ccRCC progression. RESULTS We constructed a panel of m6A and cuproptosis-related lncRNAs to construct a prognostic prediction model. The Kaplan-Meier and ROC curves showed that the feature had acceptable predictive validity in the TCGA training, test, and complete groups. Furthermore, the m6A and cuproptosis-related lncRNA model indicated higher diagnostic efficiency than other clinical features. Moreover, the NFE4 function analysis indicated a gene associated with m6A and cuproptosis-related lncRNAs in ccRCC. It was also revealed that the proliferation and migration of Caki-1 /OS-RC-2 cells were inhibited in the NFE4 knockdown group. CONCLUSION Overall, this study indicated that NFE4 and our constructed risk signature could predict outcomes and have potential clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haolin Li
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tong Meng
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingtian Fei
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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14
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Zha J, Zhang J, Lu J, Zhang G, Hua M, Guo W, Yang J, Fan G. A review of lactate-lactylation in malignancy: its potential in immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1384948. [PMID: 38779665 PMCID: PMC11109376 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1384948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid was formerly regarded as a byproduct of metabolism. However, extensive investigations into the intricacies of cancer development have revealed its significant contributions to tumor growth, migration, and invasion. Post-translational modifications involving lactate have been widely observed in histone and non-histone proteins, and these modifications play a crucial role in regulating gene expression by covalently attaching lactoyl groups to lysine residues in proteins. This discovery has greatly enhanced our comprehension of lactic acid's involvement in disease pathogenesis. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the intricate relationship between lactate and tumor immunity, the occurrence of lactylation in malignant tumors, and the exploitation of targeted lactate-lactylation in tumor immunotherapy. Additionally, we discuss future research directions, aiming to offer novel insights that could inform the investigation, diagnosis, and treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Zha
- Department of Urology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junan Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingfen Lu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangcheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengzhan Hua
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiming Guo
- Department of Sports Medicine Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Endocrinology Department, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gang Fan
- Department of Urology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Tang D, Kroemer G, Kang R. Targeting cuproplasia and cuproptosis in cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:370-388. [PMID: 38486054 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Copper, an essential trace element that exists in oxidized and reduced forms, has pivotal roles in a variety of biological processes, including redox chemistry, enzymatic reactions, mitochondrial respiration, iron metabolism, autophagy and immune modulation; maintaining copper homeostasis is crucial as both its deficiency and its excess are deleterious. Dysregulated copper metabolism has a dual role in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. Specifically, cuproplasia describes copper-dependent cell growth and proliferation, including hyperplasia, metaplasia and neoplasia, whereas cuproptosis refers to a mitochondrial pathway of cell death triggered by excessive copper exposure and subsequent proteotoxic stress (although complex interactions between cuproptosis and other cell death mechanisms, such as ferroptosis, are likely and remain enigmatic). In this Review, we summarize advances in our understanding of copper metabolism, the molecular machineries underlying cuproplasia and cuproptosis, and their potential targeting for cancer therapy. These new findings advance the rapidly expanding field of translational cancer research focused on metal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Equipe labellisée-Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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16
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Chen ZF, Zhang L, Fei SK. Role of lactic acid and lactylation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. WORLD CHINESE JOURNAL OF DIGESTOLOGY 2024; 32:243-247. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v32.i4.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
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17
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Huang H, Wang S, Xia H, Zhao X, Chen K, Jin G, Zhou S, Lu Z, Chen T, Yu H, Zheng X, Huang H, Lan L. Lactate enhances NMNAT1 lactylation to sustain nuclear NAD + salvage pathway and promote survival of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells under glucose-deprived conditions. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216806. [PMID: 38467179 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism behind the promotion of cell survival under conditions of glucose deprivation by l-lactate. To accomplish this, we performed tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry staining to analyze the correlation between the abundance of pan-Lysine lactylation and prognosis. In vivo evaluations of tumor growth were conducted using the KPC and nude mice xenograft tumor model. For mechanistic studies, multi-omics analysis, RNA interference, and site-directed mutagenesis techniques were utilized. Our findings robustly confirmed that l-lactate promotes cell survival under glucose deprivation conditions, primarily by relying on GLS1-mediated glutaminolysis to support mitochondrial respiration. Mechanistically, we discovered that l-lactate enhances the NMNAT1-mediated NAD+ salvage pathway while concurrently inactivating p-38 MAPK signaling and suppressing DDIT3 transcription. Notably, Pan-Kla abundance was significantly upregulated in patients with Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) and associated with poor prognosis. We identified the 128th Lysine residue of NMNAT1 as a critical site for lactylation and revealed EP300 as a key lactyltransferase responsible for catalyzing lactylation. Importantly, we elucidated that lactylation of NMNAT1 enhances its nuclear localization and maintains enzymatic activity, thereby supporting the nuclear NAD+ salvage pathway and facilitating cancer growth. Finally, we demonstrated that the NMNAT1-dependent NAD+ salvage pathway promotes cell survival under glucose deprivation conditions and is reliant on the activity of Sirt1. Collectively, our study has unraveled a novel molecular mechanism by which l-lactate promotes cell survival under glucose deprivation conditions, presenting a promising strategy for targeting lactate and NAD+ metabolism in the treatment of PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Cancer Biomarker Discovery and Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Shitong Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Cancer Biomarker Discovery and Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Hongping Xia
- Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine & Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Xingling Zhao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Cancer Biomarker Discovery and Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Kaiyuan Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Cancer Biomarker Discovery and Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Guihua Jin
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Cancer Biomarker Discovery and Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Shipeng Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Cancer Biomarker Discovery and Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Zhaoliang Lu
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Tongke Chen
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, PR China
| | - Huajun Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqun Zheng
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China.
| | - Haishan Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China.
| | - Linhua Lan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Cancer Biomarker Discovery and Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China.
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Qiao L, Ou Y, Li L, Wu S, Guo Y, Liu M, Yu D, Chen Q, Yuan J, Wei C, Ou C, Li H, Cheng D, Yu Z, Li Z. H 2S-driven chemotherapy and mild photothermal therapy induced mitochondrial reprogramming to promote cuproptosis. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:205. [PMID: 38658965 PMCID: PMC11044430 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The elevated level of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in colon cancer hinders complete cure with a single therapy. However, excessive H2S also offers a treatment target. A multifunctional cascade bioreactor based on the H2S-responsive mesoporous Cu2Cl(OH)3-loaded hypoxic prodrug tirapazamine (TPZ), in which the outer layer was coated with hyaluronic acid (HA) to form TPZ@Cu2Cl(OH)3-HA (TCuH) nanoparticles (NPs), demonstrated a synergistic antitumor effect through combining the H2S-driven cuproptosis and mild photothermal therapy. The HA coating endowed the NPs with targeting delivery to enhance drug accumulation in the tumor tissue. The presence of both the high level of H2S and the near-infrared II (NIR II) irradiation achieved the in situ generation of photothermic agent copper sulfide (Cu9S8) from the TCuH, followed with the release of TPZ. The depletion of H2S stimulated consumption of oxygen, resulting in hypoxic state and mitochondrial reprogramming. The hypoxic state activated prodrug TPZ to activated TPZ (TPZ-ed) for chemotherapy in turn. Furthermore, the exacerbated hypoxia inhibited the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate, decreasing expression of heat shock proteins and subsequently improving the photothermal therapy. The enriched Cu2+ induced not only cuproptosis by promoting lipoacylated dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (DLAT) heteromerization but also performed chemodynamic therapy though catalyzing H2O2 to produce highly toxic hydroxyl radicals ·OH. Therefore, the nanoparticles TCuH offer a versatile platform to exert copper-related synergistic antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523058, People's Republic of China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523058, People's Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523058, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijing Ou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523058, People's Republic of China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523058, People's Republic of China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523058, People's Republic of China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxian Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523058, People's Republic of China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523058, People's Republic of China
| | - Mu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523058, People's Republic of China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523058, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanqi Wei
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Chiyi Ou
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Haowen Li
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Du Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongjun Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523058, People's Republic of China.
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523058, People's Republic of China.
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Zhou S, Liu J, Wan A, Zhang Y, Qi X. Epigenetic regulation of diverse cell death modalities in cancer: a focus on pyroptosis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, and disulfidptosis. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:22. [PMID: 38654314 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor is a local tissue hyperplasia resulted from cancerous transformation of normal cells under the action of various physical, chemical and biological factors. The exploration of tumorigenesis mechanism is crucial for early prevention and treatment of tumors. Epigenetic modification is a common and important modification in cells, including DNA methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNA modification and m6A modification. The normal mode of cell death is programmed by cell death-related genes; however, recent researches have revealed some new modes of cell death, including pyroptosis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis and disulfidptosis. Epigenetic regulation of various cell deaths is mainly involved in the regulation of key cell death proteins and affects cell death by up-regulating or down-regulating the expression levels of key proteins. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of epigenetic modifications regulating pyroptosis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis and disulfidptosis of tumor cells, explore possible triggering factors in tumor development from a microscopic point of view, and provide potential targets for tumor therapy and new perspective for the development of antitumor drugs or combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Zhou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chongqing Health Commission for Minimally Invasive and Precise Diagnosis, Chongqing, China
| | - Junlan Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chongqing Health Commission for Minimally Invasive and Precise Diagnosis, Chongqing, China
| | - Andi Wan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chongqing Health Commission for Minimally Invasive and Precise Diagnosis, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chongqing Health Commission for Minimally Invasive and Precise Diagnosis, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiaowei Qi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chongqing Health Commission for Minimally Invasive and Precise Diagnosis, Chongqing, China.
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20
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Chen N, Xie QM, Song SM, Guo SN, Fang Y, Fei GH, Wu HM. Dexamethasone protects against asthma via regulating Hif-1α-glycolysis-lactate axis and protein lactylation. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111791. [PMID: 38460304 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Asthma can not be eradicated till now and its control primarily relies on the application of corticosteroids. Recently, glycolytic reprogramming has been reportedly contributed to asthma, this study aimed to reveal whether the effect of corticosteroids on asthma control is related to their regulation of glycolysis and glycolysis-dependent protein lactylation. METHODS Ovalbumin (OVA) aeroallergen was used to challenge mice and stimulate human macrophage cell line THP-1 following dexamethasone (DEX) treatment. Airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, the expressions of key glycolytic enzymes and pyroptosis markers, the level of lactic acid, real-time glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and protein lactylation were analyzed. RESULTS DEX significantly attenuated OVA-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation, including airway hyperresponsiveness, leukocyte infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, Th2 cytokines production and pyroptosis markers expression. Meanwhile, OVA-induced Hif-1α-glycolysis axis was substantially downregulated by DEX, which resulted in low level of lactic acid. Besides, key glycolytic enzymes in the lungs of asthmatic mice were notably co-localized with F4/80-positive macrophages, indicating metabolic shift to glycolysis in lung macrophages during asthma. This was confirmed in OVA-stimulated THP-1 cells that DEX treatment resulted in reductions in pyroptosis, glycolysis and lactic acid level. Finally, protein lactylation was found significantly increased in the lungs of asthmatic mice and OVA-stimulated THP-1 cells, which were both inhibited by DEX. CONCLUSION Our present study revealed that the effect of DEX on asthma control was associated with its suppressing of Hif-1α-glycolysis-lactateaxis and subsequent protein lactylation, which may open new avenues for the therapy of eosinophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- Anhui Geriatric Institute, Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Geriatric Molecular Medicine of Anhui Province, Jixi Road No. 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Qiu-Meng Xie
- Anhui Geriatric Institute, Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Geriatric Molecular Medicine of Anhui Province, Jixi Road No. 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Si-Ming Song
- Anhui Geriatric Institute, Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Geriatric Molecular Medicine of Anhui Province, Jixi Road No. 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Si-Nuo Guo
- Anhui Geriatric Institute, Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Geriatric Molecular Medicine of Anhui Province, Jixi Road No. 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Yu Fang
- Anhui Geriatric Institute, Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Geriatric Molecular Medicine of Anhui Province, Jixi Road No. 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Guang-He Fei
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China.
| | - Hui-Mei Wu
- Anhui Geriatric Institute, Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Geriatric Molecular Medicine of Anhui Province, Jixi Road No. 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China.
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21
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Gao X, Pang C, Fan Z, Wang Y, Duan Y, Zhan H. Regulation of newly identified lysine lactylation in cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 587:216680. [PMID: 38346584 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a typical hallmark of cancer. Enhanced glycolysis in tumor cells leads to the accumulation of lactate, which is traditionally considered metabolic waste. With the development of high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), the lactate-derived, lysine lactylation(Kla), has been identified. Kla can alter the spatial configuration of chromatin and regulate the expression of corresponding genes. Metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic remodeling have been extensively linked. Accumulating studies have subsequently expanded the framework on the key roles of this protein translational modification (PTM) in tumors and have provided a new concept of cancer-specific regulation by Kla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Chaoyu Pang
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Zhiyao Fan
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yangmiao Duan
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Hanxiang Zhan
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
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22
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Zhao Y, Jiang J, Zhou P, Deng K, Liu Z, Yang M, Yang X, Li J, Li R, Xia J. H3K18 lactylation-mediated VCAM1 expression promotes gastric cancer progression and metastasis via AKT-mTOR-CXCL1 axis. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116120. [PMID: 38461905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The role of the Immunoglobulin Superfamily (IgSF) as adhesion molecules in orchestrating inflammation is pivotal, yet its specific involvement in gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown. We analyzed IgSF components and discerned conspicuously elevated VCAM1 expression in GC, correlating with a poor prognosis. Remarkably, VCAM1 enhances GC cell proliferation and migration by activating AKT-mTOR signaling. Moreover, lactate in the tumor microenvironment (TME) promotes dynamic lactylation of H3K18 (H3K18la), leading to transcriptional activation of VCAM1 in GC cells. Furthermore, VCAM1 actively mediates intercellular communication in the TME. AKT-mTOR-mediated CXCL1 expression is increased by VCAM1, facilitating the recruitment of human GC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hGC-MSCs), thereby fostering immunesuppression and accelerating cancer progression. In summary, H3K18 lactylation upregulated VCAM1 transcription, which activated AKT-mTOR signaling, and promoted tumor cell proliferation, EMT Transition and tumor metastasis. VCAM1 upregulated CXCL1 expression by AKT-mTOR pathway, so as to facilitate hGC-MSCs and M2 macrophage recruitment and infiltration. These findings provide novel therapeutic targets for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China; Department of General Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiang Jiang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China; Department of General Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Kaiyuan Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China; Department of General Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Ziyuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mengqi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianfang Li
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ranran Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiazeng Xia
- Department of General Surgery, The affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China; Department of General Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China; Wuxi Clinical College, Nantong University, Wuxi, China.
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23
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Ju J, Zhang H, Lin M, Yan Z, An L, Cao Z, Geng D, Yue J, Tang Y, Tian L, Chen F, Han Y, Wang W, Zhao S, Jiao S, Zhou Z. The alanyl-tRNA synthetase AARS1 moonlights as a lactyltransferase to promote YAP signaling in gastric cancer. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e174587. [PMID: 38512451 PMCID: PMC11093599 DOI: 10.1172/jci174587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactylation has been recently identified as a new type of posttranslational modification occurring widely on lysine residues of both histone and nonhistone proteins. The acetyltransferase p300 is thought to mediate protein lactylation, yet the cellular concentration of the proposed lactyl-donor, lactyl-coenzyme A, is about 1,000 times lower than that of acetyl-CoA, raising the question of whether p300 is a genuine lactyltransferase. Here, we report that alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (AARS1) moonlights as a bona fide lactyltransferase that directly uses lactate and ATP to catalyze protein lactylation. Among the candidate substrates, we focused on the Hippo pathway, which has a well-established role in tumorigenesis. Specifically, AARS1 was found to sense intracellular lactate and translocate into the nucleus to lactylate and activate the YAP-TEAD complex; and AARS1 itself was identified as a Hippo target gene that forms a positive-feedback loop with YAP-TEAD to promote gastric cancer (GC) cell proliferation. Consistently, the expression of AARS1 was found to be upregulated in GC, and elevated AARS1 expression was found to be associated with poor prognosis for patients with GC. Collectively, this work found AARS1 with lactyltransferase activity in vitro and in vivo and revealed how the metabolite lactate is translated into a signal of cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Ju
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Moubin Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zifeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Liwei An
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifa Cao
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Geng
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Jingwu Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shimin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaocai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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24
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Wu Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wen Z, Li Y, Zhang K, Gosar N, Li Q, Mao J, Gong S. Proanthocyanidins Ameliorate LPS-Inhibited Osteogenesis of PDLSCs by Restoring Lysine Lactylation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2947. [PMID: 38474198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a bacteria-induced inflammatory disease characterized by the progressive destruction of periodontal supporting tissues. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, which is an important stem cell source for endogenous periodontal tissue regeneration. Lysine lactylation (Kla) is a novel post-translational modification of proteins that is recently thought to be associated with osteogenic differentiation. Here, we found that lactylation levels are reduced both in the periodontal tissue of rats with periodontitis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human PDLSCs. Proanthocyanidins were able to promote the osteogenesis of inflamed PDLSCs by restoring lactylation levels. Mechanistically, proanthocyanidins increased lactate production and restored the lactylation levels of PDLSCs, which recovered osteogenesis of inflamed PDLSCs via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These results provide evidence on how epigenetic regulation by pharmacological agents influence the osteogenic phenotype of stem cells and the process of periodontal tissue repair. Our current study highlights the valuable potential of natural product proanthocyanidins in the regenerative engineering of periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Xiangyao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Yuxiao Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Zhihao Wen
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Kehan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Nuerlan Gosar
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Qilin Li
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Jing Mao
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Shiqiang Gong
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China
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25
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Zhang Y, Song H, Li M, Lu P. Histone lactylation bridges metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic rewiring in driving carcinogenesis: Oncometabolite fuels oncogenic transcription. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1614. [PMID: 38456209 PMCID: PMC10921234 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Heightened lactate production in cancer cells has been linked to various cellular mechanisms such as angiogenesis, hypoxia, macrophage polarisation and T-cell dysfunction. The lactate-induced lactylation of histone lysine residues is noteworthy, as it functions as an epigenetic modification that directly augments gene transcription from chromatin. This epigenetic modification originating from lactate effectively fosters a reliance on transcription, thereby expediting tumour progression and development. Herein, this review explores the correlation between histone lactylation and cancer characteristics, revealing histone lactylation as an innovative epigenetic process that enhances the vulnerability of cells to malignancy. Moreover, it is imperative to acknowledge the paramount importance of acknowledging innovative therapeutic methodologies for proficiently managing cancer by precisely targeting lactate signalling. This comprehensive review illuminates a crucial yet inadequately investigated aspect of histone lactylation, providing valuable insights into its clinical ramifications and prospective therapeutic interventions centred on lactylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Clinical MedicineXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Hang Song
- Department of OphthalmologyPeking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Meili Li
- Department of OphthalmologyEye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute of Xuzhou, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou First People's HospitalXuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Peirong Lu
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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26
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Huang H, Chen K, Zhu Y, Hu Z, Wang Y, Chen J, Li Y, Li D, Wei P. A multi-dimensional approach to unravel the intricacies of lactylation related signature for prognostic and therapeutic insight in colorectal cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:211. [PMID: 38419085 PMCID: PMC10900655 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactylation, a novel contributor to post-translational protein modifications, exhibits dysregulation across various tumors. Nevertheless, its intricate involvement in colorectal carcinoma, particularly for non-histone lactylation and its intersection with metabolism and immune evasion, remains enigmatic. METHODS Employing immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray with clinical information and immunofluorescence on colorectal cell lines, we investigated the presence of global lactylation and its association with development and progression in colorectal cancer as well as its functional location. Leveraging the AUCell algorithm alongside correlation analysis in single-cell RNA sequencing data, as well as cox-regression and lasso-regression analysis in TCGA dataset and confirmed in GEO dataset, we identified a 23-gene signature predicting colorectal cancer prognosis. Subsequently, we analyzed the associations between the lactylation related gene risk and clinical characteristics, mutation landscapes, biological functions, immune cell infiltration, immunotherapy responses, and drug sensitivity. Core genes were further explored for deep biological insights through bioinformatics and in vitro experiments. RESULTS Our study innovatively reveals a significant elevation of global lactylation in colorectal cancer, particularly in malignant tumors, confirming it as an independent prognostic factor for CRC. Through a comprehensive analysis integrating tumor tissue arrays, TCGA dataset, GEO dataset, combining in silico investigations and in vitro experiments, we identified a 23-gene Lactylation-Related Gene risk model capable of predicting the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Noteworthy variations were observed in clinical characteristics, biological functions, immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint expression, immunotherapy responses and drug sensitivity among distinct risk groups. CONCLUSIONS The Lactylation-Related Gene risk model exhibits significant potential for improving the management of colorectal cancer patients and enhancing therapeutic outcomes, particularly at the intersection of metabolism and immune evasion. This finding underscores the clinical relevance of global lactylation in CRC and lays the groundwork for mechanism investigation and targeted therapeutic strategies given the high lactate concentration in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keji Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxian Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxue Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ping Wei
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Liu N, Chen M. Crosstalk between ferroptosis and cuproptosis: From mechanism to potential clinical application. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116115. [PMID: 38181713 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis and cuproptosis, regulated forms of cell death resulting from metal ion accumulation, are closely related in terms of occurrence, cell metabolism, signaling pathways, and drug resistance. Notably, it is now understood that these processes play crucial roles in regulating physiological and pathological processes, especially in tumor development. Consequently, ferroptosis and cuproptosis have gained increasing significance as potential targets for anti-cancer drug development. This article systematically outlines the molecular mechanisms and cross-talk components of both ferroptosis and cuproptosis, elucidating their impacts on cancer. Furthermore, it investigates the clinical perspective of targeted ferroptosis and cuproptosis in cancer chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. Our discussion extends to a comparative analysis of nanoparticles developed based on the mechanisms of ferroptosis and cuproptosis in cancer, contrasting them with current conventional therapies. Opportunities and challenges in cancer treatment are explored, emphasizing the potential therapeutic direction of co-targeting ferroptosis and cuproptosis. The article also attempts to analyze the clinical applications of this co-targeting approach for cancer treatment while summarizing the existing barriers that require overcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Minbin Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China.
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