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Westgeest AJ, Vasseur F, Enquist BJ, Milla R, Gómez-Fernández A, Pot D, Vile D, Violle C. An allometry perspective on crops. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39288438 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Understanding trait-trait coordination is essential for successful plant breeding and crop modeling. Notably, plant size drives variation in morphological, physiological, and performance-related traits, as described by allometric laws in ecology. Yet, as allometric relationships have been limitedly studied in crops, how they influence and possibly limit crop performance remains unknown. Here, we review how an allometry perspective on crops gains insights into the phenotypic evolution during crop domestication, the breeding of varieties adapted to novel conditions, and the prediction of crop yields. As allometry is an active field of research, modeling and manipulating crop allometric relationships can help to develop more resilient and productive agricultural systems to face future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianus J Westgeest
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, 34090, France
- Département Biologie et Ecologie, Institut Agro, Montpellier, 34060, France
| | - François Vasseur
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, 34090, France
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA
| | - Rubén Milla
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
| | - Alicia Gómez-Fernández
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, 34090, France
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
| | - David Pot
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Montpellier, 34980, France
- AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, 34980, France
| | - Denis Vile
- LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, 34060, France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, 34090, France
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Thompson JB, Döring TF, Bowles TM, Kolb S, Bellingrath-Kimura SD, Reckling M. Seasonal soil health dynamics in soy-wheat relay intercropping. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18989. [PMID: 39160252 PMCID: PMC11333471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in intercropping as a practice to increase productivity per unit area and ecosystem functioning in agricultural systems. Relay intercropping with soy and winter wheat may benefit soil health due to increased diversity and longer undisturbed soil cover, yet this remains largely unstudied. Using a field experiment in Eastern Germany, we studied the temporal dynamics of chemical, biological, and physical indicators of soil health in the topsoil over a year of cultivation to detect early effects of soy-wheat relay intercropping compared to sole cropping. Indicators included microbial abundance, permanganate-oxidizable carbon, carbon fractions, pH, and water infiltration. Relay intercropping showed no unique soil health benefits compared to sole cropping, likely affected by drought that stressed intercropped soy. Relay intercropping did, however, maintain several properties of both sole crops including an increased MAOM C:N ratio and higher soil water infiltration. The MAOM C:N ratio increased by 4.2 and 6.2% in intercropping and sole soy and decreased by 5% in sole wheat. Average near-saturated soil water infiltration rates were 12.6, 14.9, and 6.0 cm hr-1 for intercropping, sole wheat, and sole soy, respectively. Cropping system did not consistently affect other indicators but we found temporal patterns of these indicators, showing their sensitivity to external changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Thompson
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374, Müncheberg, Germany.
- Faculty of Life Science, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Science, Humboldt-University of Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thomas F Döring
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Agroecology and Organic Farming, University of Bonn, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Timothy M Bowles
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Steffen Kolb
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Sonoko D Bellingrath-Kimura
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
- Faculty of Life Science, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Science, Humboldt-University of Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Reckling
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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Lu Y, Sui L, Dai C, Zheng W, Zhao Y, Li Q, Liang X, Li Q, Zhang Z. Immobilization of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac in metal-organic frameworks through biomimetic mineralization for sustainable pest management. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133388. [PMID: 38925193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Traditional chemical pesticide dosage forms and crude application methods have resulted in low pesticide utilization, increased environmental pollution, and the development of resistance. Compared to traditional pesticides, nanopesticides enhance the efficiency of pesticide utilization and reduce the quantity required, thereby decreasing environmental pollution. Herein, Cry1Ac insecticidal crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis Subsp. Kurstaki HD-73 was encapsulated in a metal-organic framework (zeolite imidazolate framework-8, ZIF-8) through biomimetic mineralization to obtain Cry1Ac@ZIF-8 nanopesticides. The Cry1Ac@ZIF-8 nanopesticides exhibited a dodecahedral porous structure, and the introduction of Cry1Ac did not affect the intrinsic crystal structure of ZIF-8. The indoor toxicity analysis revealed that the toxicity of Cry1Ac towards Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), Helicoverpa armigera Hubner, and Spodoptera litura Fabricius was not affected by ZIF-8 encapsulation. Surprisingly, Cry1Ac@ZIF-8 still exhibited excellent pest management efficacy even after exposure to heat, UV irradiation, and long-term storage. More importantly, the encapsulation of ZIF-8 significantly enhanced the internal absorption performance of Cry1Ac in maize leaves and extended its persistence period. Thus, ZIF-8 could potentially serve as a promising carrier for the preparation of nanopesticides with enhanced applicability, stability, and persistence period, providing a powerful strategy to improve the application of Cry1Ac in future agricultural pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science/Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Gongzhuling 136100, China
| | - Li Sui
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science/Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Gongzhuling 136100, China
| | - Chunyan Dai
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Wenjing Zheng
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science/Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Gongzhuling 136100, China
| | - Quanshun Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Qiyun Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science/Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Gongzhuling 136100, China; Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132109, China.
| | - Zhengkun Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science/Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Gongzhuling 136100, China.
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4
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Rubira RJG, Correia RR, Batista VRG, Pazin WM, González FG, Otero JC, Teixeira GR, Job AE. Assessing the negative impact of chlorantraniliprole, isoxaflutole, and simazine pesticides on phospholipid membrane models and tilapia gill tissues. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123904. [PMID: 38565392 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The indiscriminate and, very often, incorrect use of pesticides in Brazil, as well as in other countries, results in severe levels of environmental pollution and intoxication of human life. Herein, we studied plasma membrane models (monolayer and bilayer) of the phospholipid Dioleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) using Langmuir films, and large (LUVs) and giant (GUVs) unilamellar vesicles, to determine the effect of the pesticides chlorantraniliprole (CLTP), isoxaflutole (ISF), and simazine (SMZ), used in sugarcane. CLTP affects the lipid organization of the bioinspired models of DOPC π-A isotherms, while ISF and SMZ pesticides significantly affect the LUVs and GUVs. Furthermore, the in vivo study of the gill tissue in fish in the presence of pesticides (2.0 × 10-10 mol/L for CLTP, 8.3 × 10-9 mol/L for ISF, and SMZ at 9.9 × 10-9 mol/L) was performed using optical and fluorescence images. This investigation was motivated by the gill lipid membranes, which are vital for regulating transporter activity through transmembrane proteins, crucial for maintaining ionic balance in fish gills. In this way, the presence of phospholipids in gills offers a model for understanding their effects on fish health. Histological results show that exposure to CLTP, ISF, and SMZ may interfere with vital gill functions, leading to respiratory disorders and osmoregulation dysfunction. The results indicate that exposure to pesticides caused severe morphological alterations in fish, which could be correlated with their impact on the bioinspired membrane models. Moreover, the effect does not depend on the exposure period (24h and 96h), showing that animals exposed to pesticides for a short period suffer irreparable damage to gill tissue. In summary, we can conclude that the harm caused by pesticides, both in membrane models and in fish gills, occurs due to contamination of the aquatic system with pesticides. Therefore, water quality is vital for the preservation of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael J G Rubira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil.
| | - Rafael R Correia
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor R G Batista
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Wallance M Pazin
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Sciences, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Francisco G González
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga (UMA), Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Juan C Otero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga (UMA), Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Giovana R Teixeira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Aldo E Job
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil
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Schmutz A, Schöb C. Coadaptation of coexisting plants enhances productivity in an agricultural system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2305517121. [PMID: 38621135 PMCID: PMC11047107 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305517121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing crops in more diverse crop systems (i.e., intercropping) is one way to produce food more sustainably. Even though intercropping, compared to average monocultures, is generally more productive, the full yield potential of intercropping might not yet have been achieved as modern crop cultivars are bred to be grown in monoculture. Breeding plants for more familiarity in mixtures, i.e., plants that are adapted to more diverse communities (i.e., adaptation) or even to coexist with each other (i.e., coadaptation) might have the potential to sustainably enhance productivity. In this study, the productivity benefits of familiarity through evolutionary adaptation and coevolutionary coadaptation were disentangled in a crop system through an extensive common garden experiment. Furthermore, evolutionary and coevolutionary effects on species-level and community-level productivity were linked to corresponding changes in functional traits. We found evidence for higher productivity and trait convergence with increasing familiarity with the plant communities. Furthermore, our results provide evidence for the coevolution of plants in mixtures leading to higher productivity of coadapted species. However, with the functional traits measured in our study, we could not fully explain the productivity benefits found upon coevolution. Our study investigated coevolution among randomly interacting plants and was able to demonstrate that coadaptation through coevolution of coexisting species in mixtures occurs and promotes ecosystem functioning (i.e., higher productivity). This result is particularly relevant for the diversification of agricultural and forest ecosystems, demonstrating the added value of artificially selecting plants for the communities they are familiar with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schmutz
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Schöb
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092Zurich, Switzerland
- Área Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Madin MB, Nelson KS. Effects of landscape simplicity on crop yield: A reanalysis of a global database. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289799. [PMID: 38096199 PMCID: PMC10721009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological theory on diversity suggests that agriculture requires sufficient biodiversity, ecological function, and critical ecosystem services to remain sustainable and resilient. As such, research related to the effect of ecosystem services and diversity on crop yields has increased significantly in the past decade. One such study by Dainese and colleagues that presented a global synthesis of a compiled database of 1,475 crop experiments related to pollination and pest control ecosystem services and crop yields quickly garnered attention in the literature with more than 540 citations since its publication in 2019. Given the strong influence of this study on the research on diversity and agricultural production, we conduct a reanalysis on the publicly available dataset from the global synthesis study to test the robustness of findings to modeling approach and assumptions. In our reanalysis we apply ordinary least squares regression methods rather than Bayesian path analysis to the same data to examine the robustness of observed field-scale landscape diversity-ecosystem services-crop yield relationships. The result of our reanalysis supports the findings of Dainese and colleagues, illustrating the robustness of findings that suggest that increasing landscape simplicity is associated with lower rates of pollination and pest control ecosystem service provisioning and lower crop yields. However, our analyses also suggest that provisioning of pollination and pest control services account for only a small fraction of the total effect of landscape simplicity on crop yields. Furthermore, we find that management and soil health may mediate the effects of landscape simplicity on ecosystem services and crop yields. While our results complement previous findings for landscape simplicity and ecosystem services, they also indicate that above and below ground ecosystem services are not mutually exclusive but concurrently contribute to support crop production in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Biwalib Madin
- Department of Geography and Geospatial Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Katherine S. Nelson
- Department of Geography and Geospatial Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
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Agathokleous E, Frei M, Knopf OM, Muller O, Xu Y, Nguyen TH, Gaiser T, Liu X, Liu B, Saitanis CJ, Shang B, Alam MS, Feng Y, Ewert F, Feng Z. Adapting crop production to climate change and air pollution at different scales. NATURE FOOD 2023; 4:854-865. [PMID: 37845546 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution and climate change are tightly interconnected and jointly affect field crop production and agroecosystem health. Although our understanding of the individual and combined impacts of air pollution and climate change factors is improving, the adaptation of crop production to concurrent air pollution and climate change remains challenging to resolve. Here we evaluate recent advances in the adaptation of crop production to climate change and air pollution at the plant, field and ecosystem scales. The main approaches at the plant level include the integration of genetic variation, molecular breeding and phenotyping. Field-level techniques include optimizing cultivation practices, promoting mixed cropping and diversification, and applying technologies such as antiozonants, nanotechnology and robot-assisted farming. Plant- and field-level techniques would be further facilitated by enhancing soil resilience, incorporating precision agriculture and modifying the hydrology and microclimate of agricultural landscapes at the ecosystem level. Strategies and opportunities for crop production under climate change and air pollution are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Frei
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute for Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Oliver M Knopf
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience 2: plant sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Onno Muller
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience 2: plant sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Yansen Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Costas J Saitanis
- Lab of Ecology and Environmental Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Bo Shang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Shahedul Alam
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute for Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yanru Feng
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute for Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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Raina A, Khan S. Field assessment of yield and its contributing traits in cowpea treated with lower, intermediate, and higher doses of gamma rays and sodium azide. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1188077. [PMID: 37521916 PMCID: PMC10382141 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1188077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Across the globe, plant breeders of different organizations are working in collaboration to bring preferred traits to crops of economic importance. Among the traits, "high yielding potential" is the most important as it is directly associated with food security and nutrition, one of the sustainable development goals. The Food and Agriculture Organization acknowledges plant breeders' role and efforts in achieving local and global food security and nutrition. Recognizing the importance of pulses and increasing pressure on food security, the United Nations General Assembly declared 2016 the "International year of Pulses" owing to their preferred traits such as climate change resilience, wide adaptability, low agriculture input, and protein- and nutrient-rich crops. Keeping all these developments in consideration, we initiated an induced mutagenesis program by treating cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) with different doses of gamma rays and sodium azide aiming to enhance the yielding potential of an otherwise outstanding variety viz., Gomati VU-89 and Pusa-578. We noticed a substantial increase in mean values of agronomic traits in putative mutants raised from seeds treated with lower and intermediate doses of mutagens. Statistical analysis such as correlation, path, hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to assess the difference between mutagenized and control populations. A significant and positive correlation of yield with yield-attributing traits was recorded. However, among all the yield attributing traits, seeds per pod (SPP) depicted the maximum direct impact upon yield, and therefore, working on this trait may yield better results. A widely used PCA revealed 40.46% and 33.47% of the total variation for var. Gomati VU-89 and var. Pusa-578, respectively. Cluster analysis clustered treated and control populations into separate clusters with variable cluster sizes. Cluster V in the variety Gomati VU-89 and cluster V and VI in the variety Pusa 578 comprised of putative mutants were higher yielding and hence could be recommended for selection in future breeding programs. We expect to release such mutant lines for farmer cultivation in Northern parts of India depending on the performance of such high-yielding mutant lines at multilocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Raina
- Mutation Breeding Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- Botany Section, Women’s College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Samiullah Khan
- Mutation Breeding Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Chen B, Ma J, Yang C, Xiao X, Kou W, Wu Z, Yun T, Zaw ZN, Nawan P, Sengprakhon R, Zhou J, Wang J, Sun R, Zhang X, Xie G, Lan G. Diversified land conversion deepens understanding of impacts of rapid rubber plantation expansion on plant diversity in the tropics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162505. [PMID: 36863580 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the status and changes of plant diversity in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations is essential for sustainable plantation management in the context of rapid rubber expansion in the tropics, but remains very limited at the continental scale. In this study, we investigated plant diversity from 10-meter quadrats in 240 different rubber plantations in the six countries of the Great Mekong Subregion (GMS)-where nearly half of the world's rubber plantations are located-and analyzed the influence of original land cover types and stand age on plant diversity using Landsat and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery since the late 1980s. The results indicate that the average plant species richness of rubber plantations is 28.69 ± 7.35 (1061 species in total, of which 11.22 % are invasive), approximating half the species richness of tropical forests but roughly double that of the intensively managed croplands. Time-series satellite imagery analysis revealed that rubber plantations were primarily established in place of cropland (RPC, 37.72 %), old rubber plantations (RPORP, 27.63 %), and tropical forests (RPTF, 24.12 %). Plant species richness in RPTF (34.02 ± 7.62) was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than that in RPORP (26.41 ± 7.02) and RPC (26.34 ± 5.37). More importantly, species richness can be maintained for the duration of the 30-year economic cycle, and the number of invasive species decreases as the stand ages. Given diverse land conversions and changes in stand age, the total loss of species richness due to rapid rubber expansion in the GMS was 7.29 %, which is far below the traditional estimates that only consider tropical forest conversion. In general, maintaining higher species richness at the earliest stages of cultivation has significant implications for biodiversity conservation in rubber plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangqian Chen
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of biodiversity Science, Fudan University, No. 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiangming Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Earth Observation and Modeling, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Weili Kou
- College of Big Data and Intelligent Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
| | - Zhixiang Wu
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Ting Yun
- School of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zar Ni Zaw
- Myanmar Rubber Planters and Producers Association, Yangon 11131, Myanmar; Agricultural Innovation and Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Piyada Nawan
- Songkhla Rubber Research Center, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Ratchada Sengprakhon
- Rubber Research Institute of Thailand/Rubber Authority of Thailand, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Jiannan Zhou
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jikun Wang
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xicai Zhang
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Guishui Xie
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Guoyu Lan
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China.
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10
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Becker C, Berthomé R, Delavault P, Flutre T, Fréville H, Gibot-Leclerc S, Le Corre V, Morel JB, Moutier N, Muños S, Richard-Molard C, Westwood J, Courty PE, de Saint Germain A, Louarn G, Roux F. The ecologically relevant genetics of plant-plant interactions. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:31-42. [PMID: 36114125 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Interactions among plants have been long recognized as a major force driving plant community dynamics and crop yield. Surprisingly, our knowledge of the ecological genetics associated with variation of plant-plant interactions remains limited. In this opinion article by scientists from complementary disciplines, the international PLANTCOM network identified four timely questions to foster a better understanding of the mechanisms mediating plant assemblages. We propose that by identifying the key relationships among phenotypic traits involved in plant-plant interactions and the underlying adaptive genetic and molecular pathways, while considering environmental fluctuations at diverse spatial and time scales, we can improve predictions of genotype-by-genotype-by-environment interactions and modeling of productive and stable plant assemblages in wild habitats and crop fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Becker
- Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilians-University, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Richard Berthomé
- LIPME, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Timothée Flutre
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, UMR GQE-Le Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hélène Fréville
- AGAP, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Gibot-Leclerc
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université du Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Valérie Le Corre
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université du Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Morel
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Université Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Moutier
- Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Rennes 1, 35650 Le Rheu, France
| | - Stéphane Muños
- LIPME, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Céline Richard-Molard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR EcoSys, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - James Westwood
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Courty
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université du Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Alexandre de Saint Germain
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | | | - Fabrice Roux
- LIPME, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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11
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Oburger E, Schmidt H, Staudinger C. Harnessing belowground processes for sustainable intensification of agricultural systems. PLANT AND SOIL 2022; 478:177-209. [PMID: 36277079 PMCID: PMC9579094 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-022-05508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing food demand coupled with climate change pose a great challenge to agricultural systems. In this review we summarize recent advances in our knowledge of how plants, together with their associated microbiota, shape rhizosphere processes. We address (molecular) mechanisms operating at the plant-microbe-soil interface and aim to link this knowledge with actual and potential avenues for intensifying agricultural systems, while at the same time reducing irrigation water, fertilizer inputs and pesticide use. Combining in-depth knowledge about above and belowground plant traits will not only significantly advance our mechanistic understanding of involved processes but also allow for more informed decisions regarding agricultural practices and plant breeding. Including belowground plant-soil-microbe interactions in our breeding efforts will help to select crops resilient to abiotic and biotic environmental stresses and ultimately enable us to produce sufficient food in a more sustainable agriculture in the upcoming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Oburger
- Department of Forest and Soil Science, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenzstrasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Hannes Schmidt
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiana Staudinger
- Department of Forest and Soil Science, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenzstrasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-7-1, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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12
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Gaudio N, Violle C, Gendre X, Fort F, Mahmoud R, Pelzer E, Médiène S, Hauggaard‐Nielsen H, Bedoussac L, Bonnet C, Corre‐Hellou G, Couëdel A, Hinsinger P, Steen Jensen E, Journet E, Justes E, Kammoun B, Litrico I, Moutier N, Naudin C, Casadebaig P. Interspecific interactions regulate plant reproductive allometry in cereal–legume intercropping systems. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Gaudio
- AGIRUniversité de ToulouseINRAE Castanet‐Tolosan France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- UMR 5175 CEFE Univ. MontpellierCNRSEPHEIRD Montpellier France
| | | | - Florian Fort
- UMR 5175 CEFE Univ. MontpellierCNRSEPHEInstitut AgroIRD Montpellier France
| | - Rémi Mahmoud
- AGIRUniversité de ToulouseINRAE Castanet‐Tolosan France
| | - Elise Pelzer
- Université Paris‐SaclayAgroParisTechINRAEUMR Agronomie Thiverval‐Grignon France
| | - Safia Médiène
- Université Paris‐SaclayAgroParisTechINRAEUMR Agronomie Thiverval‐Grignon France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Philippe Hinsinger
- Eco&SolsUniversité de MontpellierINRAE, CIRADInstitut AgroIRD Montpellier France
| | - Erik Steen Jensen
- Cropping Systems EcologyDepartment of Biosystems and Technology Alnarp Sweden
| | - Etienne‐Pascal Journet
- AGIRUniversité de ToulouseINRAE Castanet‐Tolosan France
- LIPMEUniversité de ToulouseCNRS Castanet‐Tolosan France
| | - Eric Justes
- AGIRUniversité de ToulouseINRAE Castanet‐Tolosan France
- CIRADPersyst Department Montpellier France
| | | | | | | | - Christophe Naudin
- USC ESA‐INRAE LEVAEcole Supérieure d’Agricultures Angers Cedex France
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13
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Bourke PM, Evers JB, Bijma P, van Apeldoorn DF, Smulders MJM, Kuyper TW, Mommer L, Bonnema G. Breeding Beyond Monoculture: Putting the "Intercrop" Into Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:734167. [PMID: 34868116 PMCID: PMC8636715 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.734167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Intercropping is both a well-established and yet novel agricultural practice, depending on one's perspective. Such perspectives are principally governed by geographic location and whether monocultural practices predominate. Given the negative environmental effects of monoculture agriculture (loss of biodiversity, reliance on non-renewable inputs, soil degradation, etc.), there has been a renewed interest in cropping systems that can reduce the impact of modern agriculture while maintaining (or even increasing) yields. Intercropping is one of the most promising practices in this regard, yet faces a multitude of challenges if it is to compete with and ultimately replace the prevailing monocultural norm. These challenges include the necessity for more complex agricultural designs in space and time, bespoke machinery, and adapted crop cultivars. Plant breeding for monocultures has focused on maximizing yield in single-species stands, leading to highly productive yet specialized genotypes. However, indications suggest that these genotypes are not the best adapted to intercropping systems. Re-designing breeding programs to accommodate inter-specific interactions and compatibilities, with potentially multiple different intercropping partners, is certainly challenging, but recent technological advances offer novel solutions. We identify a number of such technology-driven directions, either ideotype-driven (i.e., "trait-based" breeding) or quantitative genetics-driven (i.e., "product-based" breeding). For ideotype breeding, plant growth modeling can help predict plant traits that affect both inter- and intraspecific interactions and their influence on crop performance. Quantitative breeding approaches, on the other hand, estimate breeding values of component crops without necessarily understanding the underlying mechanisms. We argue that a combined approach, for example, integrating plant growth modeling with genomic-assisted selection and indirect genetic effects, may offer the best chance to bridge the gap between current monoculture breeding programs and the more integrated and diverse breeding programs of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Bourke
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Peter M. Bourke,
| | - Jochem B. Evers
- Centre for Crops Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Piter Bijma
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Dirk F. van Apeldoorn
- Farming Systems Ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Field Crops, Wageningen University & Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas W. Kuyper
- Soil Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Guusje Bonnema
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Guusje Bonnema,
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