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Ultimescu F, Hudita A, Popa DE, Olinca M, Muresean HA, Ceausu M, Stanciu DI, Ginghina O, Galateanu B. Impact of Molecular Profiling on Therapy Management in Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4995. [PMID: 39274207 PMCID: PMC11396537 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13174995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) remains the most prevalent cancer among women and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The heterogeneity of BC in terms of histopathological features, genetic polymorphisms, and response to therapies necessitates a personalized approach to treatment. This review focuses on the impact of molecular profiling on therapy management in breast cancer, emphasizing recent advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) and liquid biopsies. These technologies enable the identification of specific molecular subtypes and the detection of blood-based biomarkers such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and tumor-educated platelets (TEPs). The integration of molecular profiling with traditional clinical and pathological data allows for more tailored and effective treatment strategies, improving patient outcomes. This review also discusses the current challenges and prospects of implementing personalized cancer therapy, highlighting the potential of molecular profiling to revolutionize BC management through more precise prognostic and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Ultimescu
- OncoTeam Diagnostic S.A., 010719 Bucharest, Romania
- Doctoral School of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ariana Hudita
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Elena Popa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Olinca
- OncoTeam Diagnostic S.A., 010719 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Mihail Ceausu
- Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Octav Ginghina
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 010221 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Surgery 3, "Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu" Institute of Oncology Bucharest, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bianca Galateanu
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
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2
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Boscolo Bielo L, Trapani D, Nicolò E, Valenza C, Guidi L, Belli C, Kotteas E, Marra A, Prat A, Fusco N, Criscitiello C, Burstein HJ, Curigliano G. The evolving landscape of metastatic HER2-positive, hormone receptor-positive Breast Cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 128:102761. [PMID: 38772169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic agents targeting Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) demonstrated to positively impact the prognosis of HER2-positive breast cancer. HER2-positive breast cancer can present either as hormone receptor-negative or positive, defining Triple-positive breast cancer (TPBC). TPBC demonstrate unique gene expression profiles, showing reduced HER2-driven gene expression, as recapitulated by a higher proportion of Luminal-type intrinsic subtypes. The different molecular landscape of TPBC dictates distinctive clinical features, including reduced chemotherapy sensitivity, different patterns of recurrence, and better overall prognosis. Cross-talk between HER2 and hormone receptor signaling seems to be critical to determine resistance to HER2-directed agents. Accordingly, superior outcomes have been achieved with the use of endocrine therapy, representing the first subtype-specific pharmacological intervention unique to this subgroup. Additional targeted agents capable to tackle resistance mechanisms to anti-HER2, hormone agents, or both might further improve the efficacy of treatments, such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors, particularly in a biomarker-enriched setting, and CDK4/6-inhibitors, with preliminary data suggesting a role of PAM50 subtyping to predict higher benefits in luminal tumors. Finally, the distinct biology of triple-positive tumors may yield the rationale for considering combinations within antibody-drug conjugate regimens. Accordingly, in this review, we summarized the current evidence and rationale for considering TPBC as a different entity, in which distinct therapeutical approaches leveraging on the different biological profile of TPBC may result in superior anticancer regimens and improved patient-centric outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Boscolo Bielo
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Trapani
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Nicolò
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carmine Valenza
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Guidi
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Belli
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elias Kotteas
- Oncology Unit, Sotiria General Hospital, 3rd Dept of Internal Medicine, Athens School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Antonio Marra
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Aleix Prat
- Department of Medical Oncology and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Criscitiello
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Harold J Burstein
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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3
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Zhao D, Li W, Wang Y, Zhang G, Bai X, Yu H. HTRA1 expression is associated with immune-cell infiltration and survival in breast cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2023; 12:3503-3521. [PMID: 38197075 PMCID: PMC10774071 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Background High temperature requirement A1 (HTRA1), a member of the HTRA family, is a serine peptidase involved in many crucial bioprocesses such as proliferation, mitochondrial homeostasis, apoptosis, and protein quality control. It also plays an important role in the development of various tumors. However, the potential role and mechanisms of action of HTRA1 in breast cancer (BRCA) remain unclear. We conducted a bioinformatics-based study to investigate HTRA1 expression in BRCA alongside its associations with immune-cell infiltrates and survival outcomes. Methods The expression of HTRA1 in BRCA samples was analyzed using RNAseq datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus. R software was employed to assess the relationship between HTRA1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and immunity-associated biomarkers in BRCA. MethSurv and cBioPortal database were utilized to evaluate DNA methylation and genovariation within the HTRA1 DNA. Receiver operating characteristic curves, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and Cox regression were performed to estimate the impact of HTRA1 on diagnosis, prognosis, and response to chemotherapy in BRCA. Results HTRA1 expression was significantly downregulated in BRCA tissues compared to adjacent normal breast tissue controls. Differentially expressed genes associated with HTRA1 expression primarily enriched in cell proliferation pathways. Furthermore, altered HTRA1 expression significantly correlated with patient age, tumor histological type, T stage, progesterone receptor/estrogen receptor status, and PAM50 subtype of BRCA. Both positive and negative associations were observed between HTRA1 levels and the abundance of different types of immune cells, as well as immune biomarkers, including resting mast cells, follicular helper T cells, PD-L1, p53, and Ki67. Low HTRA1 expression was related with pathological complete response in luminal B BRCA patients undergoing chemotherapy. Additionally, lower HTRA1 expression in BRCA was associated with inferior overall survival and relapse-free survival. Conclusions HTRA1 expression is associated with immune-cell infiltration, response to chemotherapy, and survival outcomes in BRCA. HTRA1 has the potential to serve as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Wanfeng Li
- Department of Breast Cancer, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Gengyue Zhang
- Jilin Province Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Xinhua Bai
- Department of Pathology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Jilin Province Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
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Anabel Sinberger L, Zahavi T, Sonnenblick A, Salmon-Divon M. Coexistent ARID1A-PIK3CA mutations are associated with immune-related pathways in luminal breast cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20911. [PMID: 38017109 PMCID: PMC10684499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to 40% of luminal breast cancer patients carry activating mutations in the PIK3CA gene. PIK3CA mutations commonly co-occur with other mutations, but the implication of this co-occurrence may vary according to the specific genes involved. Here, we characterized a subgroup of luminal breast cancer expressing co-mutations in ARID1A and PIK3CA genes and identified their effect on important signaling pathways. Our study included 2609 primary breast cancer samples from the TCGA and METABRIC datasets that were classified based on tumor subtype and the existence of mutations in PIK3CA and ARID1A genes. Differential expression and WGCNA analyses were performed to detect molecular modules affected by the existence of the mutations. Our results reveal various evidence for the involvement of immune-related pathways in luminal tumors harboring ARID1A and PIK3CA mutations, as well as a unique Tumor-infiltrated immune cells composition. We also identified seven key hub genes in the ARID1A-PIK3CA mutated tumors associated with immune-related pathways: CTLA4, PRF1, LCK, CD3E, CD247, ZAP70, and LCP2. Collectively, these results indicate an immune system function that may contribute to tumor survival. Our data induced a hypothesis that ARID1A and PIK3CA mutations' co-occurrence might predict responses to immunotherapy in luminal BC and, if validated, could guide immunotherapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamar Zahavi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Amir Sonnenblick
- Institute of Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Mali Salmon-Divon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
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5
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Black MA, Neumann NM, Krings G, Najjar S, Troxell ML, Wang A, Devine WP, Vohra P, Gasper C, Chen YY, Cohen JN, Bean GR. Genetic and Immunohistochemical Profiling of Mammary Hidradenoma and Comparison to Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100270. [PMID: 37422157 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is exceedingly rare in the breast, with <45 cases reported in the literature. Although estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor/human epidermal growth factor 2 triple-negative, MEC is characterized as a special subtype of breast carcinoma with significantly better prognosis than conventional basal-type tumors. Cutaneous hidradenoma (HA) is considered a benign adnexal neoplasm showing histomorphologic overlap with MEC. Rare cases of HA have also been reported in the breast, but these are relatively uncharacterized. In this study, we examined the clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical (IHC), and genetic features of 8 breast HAs, in comparison to 3 mammary MECs. All cases were positive for MAML2 break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization. Eight cases demonstrated a CRTC1::MAML2 fusion, and one MEC harbored a CRTC3::MAML2 fusion; the latter is a novel finding in the breast. Mutational burden was very low, with only one HA exhibiting a MAP3K1 pathogenic alteration. By IHC, both MEC and HA demonstrated cell type-dependent expression of high- and low-molecular-weight keratins and p63, as well as negative to low-positive estrogen receptor and androgen receptor. Smooth muscle myosin and calponin highlighted an in situ component in the 3 cases of MEC; expression of these myoepithelial markers was negative in HAs. Additional distinguishing characteristics included the growth pattern and tumor architecture, the presence of glandular/luminal cells in HA, and overall higher IHC expression of SOX10, S100 protein, MUC4, and mammaglobin in MEC. Morphologic findings were also compared to a series of 27 cutaneous nonmammary HAs. Mucinous and glandular/luminal cells were identified in significantly more mammary HAs than nonmammary lesions. The findings provide insight into the pathogenesis of MAML2-rearranged neoplasms of the breast, underscore the overlapping genetic features of MEC and HA, and highlight similarities to their extramammary counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Black
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Neil M Neumann
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Gregor Krings
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Saleh Najjar
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Saudi Arabia
| | - Megan L Troxell
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Aihui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - W Patrick Devine
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Poonam Vohra
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Cynthia Gasper
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yunn-Yi Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jarish N Cohen
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Gregory R Bean
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
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López-Mejía JA, Mantilla-Ollarves JC, Rocha-Zavaleta L. Modulation of JAK-STAT Signaling by LNK: A Forgotten Oncogenic Pathway in Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14777. [PMID: 37834225 PMCID: PMC10573125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Tumors that express hormone receptors account for 75% of all cases. Understanding alternative signaling cascades is important for finding new therapeutic targets for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients. JAK-STAT signaling is commonly activated in hormone receptor-positive breast tumors, inducing inflammation, proliferation, migration, and treatment resistance in cancer cells. In hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, the JAK-STAT cascade is stimulated by hormones and cytokines, such as prolactin and IL-6. In normal cells, JAK-STAT is inhibited by the action of the adaptor protein, LNK. However, the role of LNK in breast tumors is not fully understood. This review compiles published reports on the expression and activation of the JAK-STAT pathway by IL-6 and prolactin and potential inhibition of the cascade by LNK in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Additionally, it includes analyses of available datasets to determine the level of expression of LNK and various members of the JAK-STAT family for the purpose of establishing associations between expression and clinical outcomes. Together, experimental evidence and in silico studies provide a better understanding of the potential implications of the JAK-STAT-LNK loop in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. López-Mejía
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 03100, Mexico; (J.A.L.-M.); (J.C.M.-O.)
| | - Jessica C. Mantilla-Ollarves
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 03100, Mexico; (J.A.L.-M.); (J.C.M.-O.)
| | - Leticia Rocha-Zavaleta
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 03100, Mexico; (J.A.L.-M.); (J.C.M.-O.)
- Programa Institucional de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 03100, Mexico
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Wang H, Liu B, Long J, Yu J, Ji X, Li J, Zhu N, Zhuang X, Li L, Chen Y, Liu Z, Wang S, Zhao S. Integrative analysis identifies two molecular and clinical subsets in Luminal B breast cancer. iScience 2023; 26:107466. [PMID: 37636034 PMCID: PMC10448479 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive multiplatform analysis of Luminal B breast cancer (LBBC) specimens identifies two molecularly distinct, clinically relevant subtypes: Cluster A associated with cell cycle and metabolic signaling and Cluster B with predominant epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and immune response pathways. Whole-exome sequencing identified significantly mutated genes including TP53, PIK3CA, ERBB2, and GATA3 with recurrent somatic mutations. Alterations in DNA methylation or transcriptomic regulation in genes (FN1, ESR1, CCND1, and YAP1) result in tumor microenvironment reprogramming. Integrated analysis revealed enriched biological pathways and unexplored druggable targets (cancer-testis antigens, metabolic enzymes, kinases, and transcription regulators). A systematic comparison between mRNA and protein displayed emerging expression patterns of key therapeutic targets (CD274, YAP1, AKT1, and CDH1). A potential ceRNA network was developed with a significantly different prognosis between the two subtypes. This integrated analysis reveals a complex molecular landscape of LBBC and provides the utility of targets and signaling pathways for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huina Wang
- School of Software Engineering, Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4472, New Zealand
| | - Junqi Long
- School of Software Engineering, Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jiangyong Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xinchan Ji
- School of Software Engineering, Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jinmeng Li
- School of Software Engineering, Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Nian Zhu
- School of Software Engineering, Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xujie Zhuang
- School of Software Engineering, Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Lujia Li
- School of Software Engineering, Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yuhaoran Chen
- School of Software Engineering, Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Breast Disease Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Shuangtao Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
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8
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Miyashita M, Bell JSK, Wenric S, Karaesmen E, Rhead B, Kase M, Kaneva K, De La Vega FM, Zheng Y, Yoshimatsu TF, Khramtsova G, Liu F, Zhao F, Howard FM, Nanda R, Beaubier N, White KP, Huo D, Olopade OI. Molecular profiling of a real-world breast cancer cohort with genetically inferred ancestries reveals actionable tumor biology differences between European ancestry and African ancestry patient populations. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:58. [PMID: 37231433 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine-resistant HR+/HER2- breast cancer (BC) and triple-negative BC (TNBC) are of interest for molecularly informed treatment due to their aggressive natures and limited treatment profiles. Patients of African Ancestry (AA) experience higher rates of TNBC and mortality than European Ancestry (EA) patients, despite lower overall BC incidence. Here, we compare the molecular landscapes of AA and EA patients with HR+/HER2- BC and TNBC in a real-world cohort to promote equity in precision oncology by illuminating the heterogeneity of potentially druggable genomic and transcriptomic pathways. METHODS De-identified records from patients with TNBC or HR+/HER2- BC in the Tempus Database were randomly selected (N = 5000), with most having stage IV disease. Mutations, gene expression, and transcriptional signatures were evaluated from next-generation sequencing data. Genetic ancestry was estimated from DNA-seq. Differences in mutational prevalence, gene expression, and transcriptional signatures between AA and EA were compared. EA patients were used as the reference population for log fold-changes (logFC) in expression. RESULTS After applying inclusion criteria, 3433 samples were evaluated (n = 623 AA and n = 2810 EA). Observed patterns of dysregulated pathways demonstrated significant heterogeneity among the two groups. Notably, PIK3CA mutations were significantly lower in AA HR+/HER2- tumors (AA = 34% vs. EA = 42%, P < 0.05) and the overall cohort (AA = 28% vs. EA = 37%, P = 2.08e-05). Conversely, KMT2C mutation was significantly more frequent in AA than EA TNBC (23% vs. 12%, P < 0.05) and HR+/HER2- (24% vs. 15%, P = 3e-03) tumors. Across all subtypes and stages, over 8000 genes were differentially expressed between the two ancestral groups including RPL10 (logFC = 2.26, P = 1.70e-162), HSPA1A (logFC = - 2.73, P = 2.43e-49), ATRX (logFC = - 1.93, P = 5.89e-83), and NUTM2F (logFC = 2.28, P = 3.22e-196). Ten differentially expressed gene sets were identified among stage IV HR+/HER2- tumors, of which four were considered relevant to BC treatment and were significantly enriched in EA: ERBB2_UP.V1_UP (P = 3.95e-06), LTE2_UP.V1_UP (P = 2.90e-05), HALLMARK_FATTY_ACID_METABOLISM (P = 0.0073), and HALLMARK_ANDROGEN_RESPONSE (P = 0.0074). CONCLUSIONS We observed significant differences in mutational spectra, gene expression, and relevant transcriptional signatures between patients with genetically determined African and European ancestries, particularly within the HR+/HER2- BC and TNBC subtypes. These findings could guide future development of treatment strategies by providing opportunities for biomarker-informed research and, ultimately, clinical decisions for precision oncology care in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fang Liu
- The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Rita Nanda
- The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Kevin P White
- Tempus Inc, Chicago, IL, USA
- National University Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
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9
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Auf der Maur P, Trefny MP, Baumann Z, Vulin M, Correia AL, Diepenbruck M, Kramer N, Volkmann K, Preca BT, Ramos P, Leroy C, Eichlisberger T, Buczak K, Zilli F, Okamoto R, Rad R, Jensen MR, Fritsch C, Zippelius A, Stadler MB, Bentires-Alj M. N-acetylcysteine overcomes NF1 loss-driven resistance to PI3Kα inhibition in breast cancer. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101002. [PMID: 37044095 PMCID: PMC10140479 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
A genome-wide PiggyBac transposon-mediated screen and a resistance screen in a PIK3CAH1047R-mutated murine tumor model reveal NF1 loss in mammary tumors resistant to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase α (PI3Kα)-selective inhibitor alpelisib. Depletion of NF1 in PIK3CAH1047R breast cancer cell lines and a patient-derived organoid model shows that NF1 loss reduces sensitivity to PI3Kα inhibition and correlates with enhanced glycolysis and lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Unexpectedly, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) sensitizes NF1 knockout cells to PI3Kα inhibition and reverts their glycolytic phenotype. Global phospho-proteomics indicates that combination with NAC enhances the inhibitory effect of alpelisib on mTOR signaling. In public datasets of human breast cancer, we find that NF1 is frequently mutated and that such mutations are enriched in metastases, an indication for which use of PI3Kα inhibitors has been approved. Our results raise the attractive possibility of combining PI3Kα inhibition with NAC supplementation, especially in patients with drug-resistant metastases associated with NF1 loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priska Auf der Maur
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and Resistance, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Marcel P Trefny
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zora Baumann
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and Resistance, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Milica Vulin
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and Resistance, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ana Luisa Correia
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and Resistance, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maren Diepenbruck
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and Resistance, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Kramer
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and Resistance, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Volkmann
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and Resistance, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan-Tiberius Preca
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and Resistance, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Ramos
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cedric Leroy
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Katarzyna Buczak
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Federica Zilli
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and Resistance, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ryoko Okamoto
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and Resistance, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, TUM School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, München, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christine Fritsch
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Zippelius
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael B Stadler
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Bentires-Alj
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and Resistance, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
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10
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Rugo HS, Raskina K, Schrock AB, Madison RW, Graf RP, Sokol ES, Sivakumar S, Lee JK, Fisher V, Oxnard GR, Tukachinsky H. Biology and Targetability of the Extended Spectrum of PIK3CA Mutations Detected in Breast Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:1056-1067. [PMID: 36321996 PMCID: PMC10011882 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alpelisib is a PI3K alpha (PI3Kα)-selective inhibitor approved for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-) PIK3CA-mutated advanced breast cancer (ABC) based on the SOLAR-1 trial, which defined 11 substitutions in exons 7, 9, and 20 in PIK3CA (SOLAR1m). We report alpelisib effectiveness for ABC harboring SOLAR1m, as well as other pathogenic PIK3CA mutations (OTHERm) using comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 33,977 tissue and 1,587 liquid biopsies were analyzed using hybrid capture-based CGP covering the entire coding sequence of PIK3CA. Clinical characteristics and treatment history were available for 10,750 patients with ABC in the deidentified Flatiron Health-Foundation Medicine clinico-genomic database (FH-FMI CGDB). RESULTS PIK3CAm were detected in 11,767/33,977 (35%) of tissue biopsies, including 2,300 (7%) samples with OTHERm and no SOLAR1m. Liquid biopsy had 77% sensitivity detecting PIK3CAm, increasing to 95% with circulating tumor DNA fraction ≥2%. In patients with HR+/HER2- ABC and PIK3CAm receiving alpelisib/fulvestrant (ALP+FUL; n = 182) or fulvestrant alone (FUL; n = 119), median real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS) was 5.9 months on ALP+FUL [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.1-7.4] versus 3.1 months on FUL (95% CI: 2.7-3.7; P < 0.0001). In patients with OTHERm, median rwPFS was 4.0 months on ALP+FUL (95% CI: 2.8-10.1) versus 2.5 months on FUL (95% CI: 2.2-3.7; P = 0.0054). CONCLUSIONS CGP detects diverse PIK3CAm in a greater number of patients with ABC than PCR hotspot testing; 20% of patients with PIK3CAm do not have SOLAR1m. These patients may derive benefit from alpelisib. See related commentary by Tau and Miller, p. 989.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope S. Rugo
- University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Kira Raskina
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Ryon P. Graf
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
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11
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Monteiro FL, Stepanauskaite L, Williams C, Helguero LA. SETD7 Expression Is Associated with Breast Cancer Survival Outcomes for Specific Molecular Subtypes: A Systematic Analysis of Publicly Available Datasets. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246029. [PMID: 36551516 PMCID: PMC9775934 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SETD7 is a lysine N-methyltransferase that targets many proteins important in breast cancer (BC). However, its role and clinical significance remain unclear. Here, we used online tools and multiple public datasets to explore the predictive potential of SETD7 expression (high or low quartile) considering BC subtype, grade, stage, and therapy. We also investigated overrepresented biological processes associated with its expression using TCGA-BRCA data. SETD7 expression was highest in the Her2 (ERBB2)-enriched molecular subtype and lowest in the basal-like subtype. For the basal-like subtype specifically, higher SETD7 was consistently correlated with worse recurrence-free survival (p < 0.009). High SETD7-expressing tumours further exhibited a higher rate of ERBB2 mutation (20% vs. 5%) along with a poorer response to anti-Her2 therapy. Overall, high SETD7-expressing tumours showed higher stromal and lower immune scores. This was specifically related to higher counts of cancer-associated fibroblasts and endothelial cells, but lower B and T cell signatures, especially in the luminal A subtype. Genes significantly associated with SETD7 expression were accordingly overrepresented in immune response processes, with distinct subtype characteristics. We conclude that the prognostic value of SETD7 depends on the BC subtype and that SETD7 may be further explored as a potential treatment-predictive marker for immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Liliana Monteiro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lina Stepanauskaite
- SciLifeLab, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Williams
- SciLifeLab, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luisa A. Helguero
- SciLifeLab, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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12
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McKernan CM, Khatri A, Hannigan M, Child J, Chen Q, Mayro B, Snyder D, Nicchitta CV, Pendergast AM. ABL kinases regulate translation in HER2+ cells through Y-box-binding protein 1 to facilitate colonization of the brain. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111268. [PMID: 36044842 PMCID: PMC9472557 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+/ERBB2) breast cancer often present with brain metastasis. HER2-targeted therapies have not been successful to treat brain metastases in part due to poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrance and emergence of resistance. Here, we report that Abelson (ABL) kinase allosteric inhibitors improve overall survival and impair HER2+ brain metastatic outgrowth in vivo. Mechanistically, ABL kinases phosphorylate the RNA-binding protein Y-box-binding protein 1 (YB-1). ABL kinase inhibition disrupts binding of YB-1 to the ERBB2 mRNA and impairs translation, leading to a profound decrease in HER2 protein levels. ABL-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of YB-1 promotes HER2 translation. Notably, loss of YB-1 inhibits brain metastatic outgrowth and impairs expression of a subset of ABL-dependent brain metastatic targets. These data support a role for ABL kinases in the translational regulation of brain metastatic targets through YB-1 and offer a therapeutic target for HER2+ brain metastasis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M McKernan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Aaditya Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Molly Hannigan
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jessica Child
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Benjamin Mayro
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David Snyder
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Ann Marie Pendergast
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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13
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da Luz FAC, Araújo BJ, de Araújo RA. The current staging and classification systems of breast cancer and their pitfalls: Is it possible to integrate the complexity of this neoplasm into a unified staging system? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 178:103781. [PMID: 35953011 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in women worldwide due to its variable aggressiveness and high propensity to develop distant metastases. The staging can be performed clinically or pathologically, generating the stage stratification by the TNM (T - tumor size; N- lymph node metastasis; M - distant organ metastasis) system. However, cancers with virtually identical TNM characteristics can present highly contrasting behaviors due to the divergence of molecular profiles. This review focuses on the histopathological nuances and molecular understanding of breast cancer through the profiling of gene and protein expression, culminating in improvements promoted by the integration of this information into the traditional staging system. As a culminating point, it will highlight predictive statistical tools for genomic risks and decision algorithms as a possible solution to integrate the various systems because they have the potential to reduce the indications for such tests, serving as a funnel in association with staging and previous classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Andrés Cordero da Luz
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Research, Uberlandia Cancer Hospital, Av Amazonas nº 1996, Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, MG 38405-302, Brazil
| | - Breno Jeha Araújo
- São Paulo State Cancer Institute of the Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 251, São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Rogério Agenor de Araújo
- Medical Faculty, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av Pará nº 1720, Bloco 2U, Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, MG 38400-902, Brazil.
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14
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Bennett C, Carroll C, Wright C, Awad B, Park JM, Farmer M, Brown E(B, Heatherly A, Woodard S. Breast Cancer Genomics: Primary and Most Common Metastases. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3046. [PMID: 35804819 PMCID: PMC9265113 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific genomic alterations have been found in primary breast cancer involving driver mutations that result in tumorigenesis. Metastatic breast cancer, which is uncommon at the time of disease onset, variably impacts patients throughout the course of their disease. Both the molecular profiles and diverse genomic pathways vary in the development and progression of metastatic breast cancer. From the most common metastatic site (bone), to the rare sites such as orbital, gynecologic, or pancreatic metastases, different levels of gene expression indicate the potential involvement of numerous genes in the development and spread of breast cancer. Knowledge of these alterations can, not only help predict future disease, but also lead to advancement in breast cancer treatments. This review discusses the somatic landscape of breast primary and metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bennett
- Birmingham Marnix E. Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama, 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (C.B.); (C.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Caleb Carroll
- Birmingham Marnix E. Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama, 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (C.B.); (C.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Cooper Wright
- Birmingham Marnix E. Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama, 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (C.B.); (C.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Barbara Awad
- Debusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy, Harrogate, TN 37752, USA;
| | - Jeong Mi Park
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA;
| | - Meagan Farmer
- Department of Genetics, Marnix E. Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (M.F.); (A.H.)
| | - Elizabeth (Bryce) Brown
- Laboratory Genetics Counselor, UAB Medical Genomics Laboratory, Kaul Human Genetics Building, 720 20th Street South, Suite 332, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Alexis Heatherly
- Department of Genetics, Marnix E. Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (M.F.); (A.H.)
| | - Stefanie Woodard
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA;
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15
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Panel Informativity Optimizer: An R Package to Improve Cancer Next-Generation Sequencing Panel Informativity. J Mol Diagn 2022; 24:697-709. [PMID: 35427780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation detection by next-generation sequencing is routinely used for cancer diagnosis. Selecting an optimal set of genes for a given cancer is not trivial as it has to optimize informativity (ie, the number of patients with at least one mutation in the panel), while minimizing panel length to reduce sequencing costs and increase sensitivity. We propose herein Panel Informativity Optimizer (PIO), an open-source software developed as an R package with a user-friendly graphical interface to help optimize cancer next-generation sequencing panel informativity. Using patient-level mutational data from either private data sets or preloaded data set of 91 independent cohorts from 31 different cancer types, PIO selects an optimal set of genomic intervals to maximize informativity and panel size in a given cancer type. Different options are offered, such as the definition of genomic intervals at the gene or exon level and the use of optimization strategy at the patient or patient per kilobase level. PIO can also propose an optimal set of genomic intervals to increase informativity of custom panels. A panel tester function is also available for panel benchmarking. Using public databases, as well as data from real-life settings, we demonstrate that PIO allows panel size reduction of up to 1000 kb, and accurately predicts the performance of custom or commercial panels.
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16
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Zhang Z, Xu J, Ma S, Lin N, Hou M, Wei M, Li T, Shi J. Integration of Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology Reveals the Mechanism of the Therapeutic Effect of Xixin Decoction on Alzheimer's Disease. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2022; 25:1785-1804. [PMID: 35616676 DOI: 10.2174/1386207325666220523151119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND So far, only a few researchers have systematically analyzed the constituents of the traditional Chinese medicine prescription Xixin Decoction (XXD) and its potential mechanism of action in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to explore the potential mechanism of XXD in the treatment of AD using network pharmacology and molecular docking. METHODS The compounds of XXD were searched within the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database (TCMSP) and the Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database (TCMID) databases. Overlapping AD-related targets obtained from the two databases and the predicted targets of XXD obtained from SwissTargetPrediction platform were imported into the STRING database to build PPI networks including hub targets; Cytoscape software was used to construct the herb-compound-target network while its plug-in CytoNCA was used to screen the main active compounds of XXD. Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses explored the core biological mechanism and pathways via the Metascape platform. In addition, we used AutoDock Vina and PyMOL software to investigate the molecular docking of main compounds to hub targets. RESULTS We determined 114 active compounds, 973 drug targets, and 973 disease targets. However, intersection analysis screened out 208 shared targets.Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network identified 9 hub targets. The hub targets were found to be majorly enriched in several biological processes (positive regulation of kinase activity, positive regulation of cell death, regulation of MAPK cascade, trans-synaptic signaling, synaptic signaling, etc.) and the relevant pathways of Alzheimer's disease, including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, dopaminergic synapse, serotonergic synapse, and the MAPK signaling pathway, etc. The pathway-target-compound network of XXD for treating AD was then constructed. 8 hub targets exhibited good binding activity with 9 main active compounds of XXD in molecular docking. CONCLUSION In this study, we found multi-compound-multi-target-multi-pathway regulation to reveal the mechanism of XXD for treating AD based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. XXD may play a therapeutic role through regulating the Alzheimer's disease pathway, its downstream PI3K/Akt signaling pathway or the MAPK signaling pathway, thereby treating AD. This provides new insights for further experiments on the pharmacological effects of XXD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Jianglin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Dongcheng District 100700, P.R. China
| | - Suya Ma
- Guanganmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, Xicheng District 100053, P.R. China
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Minzhe Hou
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Mingqing Wei
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
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17
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Migliaccio I, Paoli M, Risi E, Biagioni C, Biganzoli L, Benelli M, Malorni L. PIK3CA co-occurring mutations and copy-number gain in hormone receptor positive and HER2 negative breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:24. [PMID: 35181669 PMCID: PMC8857304 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We aim to elucidate the prognostic value of PIK3CA mutations and copy number (CN) gain (PIK3CA-mut/gain) in hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative (HR + /HER2−) breast cancer (BC). We analyzed primary HR + /HER2− BC from three publicly available datasets comprising over 2000 samples and assessed the associations with tumoral and clinical characteristics and outcome. Clinical benefit (CB) in alpelisib-treated patients from two studies including 46 patients was analyzed. About 8–10% of HR + /HER2− primary BC had PIK3CA-mut/gain. In two of the datasets analyzed, among patients with PIK3CA mutant tumors, those with mut/gain had significantly worse outcome compared to those with CN neutral (PIK3CA-mut/neut) and PIK3CA-mut/gain remained an independent prognostic factor. CB of alpelisib-treated patients with PIK3CA-mut/gain and PIK3CA-mut/neut tumors was comparable. PIK3CA CN might help clarifying the prognostic and predictive role of PIK3CA mutations. Further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Migliaccio
- "Sandro Pitigliani" Translational Research Unit, Hospital of Prato, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, 59100, Prato, Italy.
| | - Marta Paoli
- Bioinformatics Unit, Hospital of Prato, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | - Emanuela Risi
- "Sandro Pitigliani" Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Prato, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | - Chiara Biagioni
- Bioinformatics Unit, Hospital of Prato, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, 59100, Prato, Italy.,"Sandro Pitigliani" Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Prato, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | - Laura Biganzoli
- "Sandro Pitigliani" Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Prato, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | - Matteo Benelli
- Bioinformatics Unit, Hospital of Prato, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | - Luca Malorni
- "Sandro Pitigliani" Translational Research Unit, Hospital of Prato, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, 59100, Prato, Italy.,"Sandro Pitigliani" Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Prato, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, 59100, Prato, Italy
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18
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Nguyen B, Fong C, Luthra A, Smith SA, DiNatale RG, Nandakumar S, Walch H, Chatila WK, Madupuri R, Kundra R, Bielski CM, Mastrogiacomo B, Donoghue MTA, Boire A, Chandarlapaty S, Ganesh K, Harding JJ, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Razavi P, Reznik E, Rudin CM, Zamarin D, Abida W, Abou-Alfa GK, Aghajanian C, Cercek A, Chi P, Feldman D, Ho AL, Iyer G, Janjigian YY, Morris M, Motzer RJ, O'Reilly EM, Postow MA, Raj NP, Riely GJ, Robson ME, Rosenberg JE, Safonov A, Shoushtari AN, Tap W, Teo MY, Varghese AM, Voss M, Yaeger R, Zauderer MG, Abu-Rustum N, Garcia-Aguilar J, Bochner B, Hakimi A, Jarnagin WR, Jones DR, Molena D, Morris L, Rios-Doria E, Russo P, Singer S, Strong VE, Chakravarty D, Ellenson LH, Gopalan A, Reis-Filho JS, Weigelt B, Ladanyi M, Gonen M, Shah SP, Massague J, Gao J, Zehir A, Berger MF, Solit DB, Bakhoum SF, Sanchez-Vega F, Schultz N. Genomic characterization of metastatic patterns from prospective clinical sequencing of 25,000 patients. Cell 2022; 185:563-575.e11. [PMID: 35120664 PMCID: PMC9147702 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic progression is the main cause of death in cancer patients, whereas the underlying genomic mechanisms driving metastasis remain largely unknown. Here, we assembled MSK-MET, a pan-cancer cohort of over 25,000 patients with metastatic diseases. By analyzing genomic and clinical data from this cohort, we identified associations between genomic alterations and patterns of metastatic dissemination across 50 tumor types. We found that chromosomal instability is strongly correlated with metastatic burden in some tumor types, including prostate adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and HR+/HER2+ breast ductal carcinoma, but not in others, including colorectal cancer and high-grade serous ovarian cancer, where copy-number alteration patterns may be established early in tumor development. We also identified somatic alterations associated with metastatic burden and specific target organs. Our data offer a valuable resource for the investigation of the biological basis for metastatic spread and highlight the complex role of chromosomal instability in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Nguyen
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Fong
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anisha Luthra
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shaleigh A Smith
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renzo G DiNatale
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA; Urology and Renal Transplantation Service, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Subhiksha Nandakumar
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henry Walch
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Walid K Chatila
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramyasree Madupuri
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ritika Kundra
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Craig M Bielski
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brooke Mastrogiacomo
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark T A Donoghue
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrienne Boire
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology and Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarat Chandarlapaty
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karuna Ganesh
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - James J Harding
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christine A Iacobuzio-Donahue
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pedram Razavi
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ed Reznik
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles M Rudin
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wassim Abida
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ghassan K Abou-Alfa
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carol Aghajanian
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Cercek
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ping Chi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Darren Feldman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan L Ho
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gopakumar Iyer
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yelena Y Janjigian
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Morris
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Motzer
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eileen M O'Reilly
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Postow
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nitya P Raj
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory J Riely
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark E Robson
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan E Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anton Safonov
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - William Tap
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Min Yuen Teo
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna M Varghese
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Voss
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rona Yaeger
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marjorie G Zauderer
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nadeem Abu-Rustum
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julio Garcia-Aguilar
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bernard Bochner
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abraham Hakimi
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - William R Jarnagin
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David R Jones
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniela Molena
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luc Morris
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Rios-Doria
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Russo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Singer
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vivian E Strong
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Debyani Chakravarty
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lora H Ellenson
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anuradha Gopalan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mithat Gonen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sohrab P Shah
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joan Massague
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jianjiong Gao
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ahmet Zehir
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael F Berger
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David B Solit
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel F Bakhoum
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francisco Sanchez-Vega
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Son HY, Jeong HK, Apostolopoulos V, Kim CW. MUC1 expressing tumor growth was retarded after human mucin 1 (MUC1) plasmid DNA immunization. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221112358. [PMID: 35839304 PMCID: PMC9289905 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221112358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Naked DNA is one of the attractive tools for vaccination studies. We studied naked DNA
vaccination against the human tumor antigen, mucin, which is encoded by the
MUC1 gene. Methods We constructed the pcDNA3.0-MUC1 (pcDNA-MUC1) plasmid expressing an underglycosylated
MUC1 protein. BALB/c mice were immunized intradermally thrice at 2-weeks intervals with
pcDNA-MUC1. Two weeks after the last immunization, tumor challenge experiments were
performed using either the CT26 or TA3HA tumor cell lines, both of which transduce human
MUC1. Results Immune cell population monitoring from pcDNA-MUC1-immunized animals indicated that
immune cell activation was induced by MUC1-specific immunization. Using intracellular
fluorescence activated cell sorting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay, we
reported that interferon-γ secreting CD8+ T cells were mainly involved in
MUC1-specific immunization. In all mice immunized with MUC1 DNA, tumor
growth inhibition was observed, whereas control mice developed tumors
(p < 0.001). Conclusion Our results suggest that intradermal immunization with MUC1 DNA
induces MUC1-specific CD8+ T cell infiltration into tumors, elicits
tumor-specific Th1-type immune response, and inhibits tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Youn Son
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Center for Medical Innovation, 58927Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwan-Kyu Jeong
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, 34973Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, 5399Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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Schick J, Ritchie RP, Restini C. Breast Cancer Therapeutics and Biomarkers: Past, Present, and Future Approaches. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2021; 15:1178223421995854. [PMID: 33994789 PMCID: PMC8100889 DOI: 10.1177/1178223421995854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death in women and the second-most common cancer. An estimated 281 550 new cases of invasive BC will be diagnosed in women in the United States, and about 43 600 will die during 2021. Continual research has shed light on all disease areas, including tumor classification and biomarkers for diagnosis/prognosis. As research investigations evolve, new classes of drugs are emerging with potential benefits in BC treatment that are covered in this manuscript. The initial sections present updated classification and terminology used for diagnosis and prognosis, which leads to the following topics, discussing the past and present treatments available for BC. Our review will generate interest in exploring the complexity of the cell cycle and its association with cancer biology as part of the plethora of target factors toward developing newer drugs and effective therapeutic management of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Schick
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, Clinton Township, MI, USA
| | - Raquel P Ritchie
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, Clinton Township, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Carolina Restini
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, Clinton Township, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Insulin-Induced Gene 2 Expression Is Associated with Breast Cancer Metastasis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 191:385-395. [PMID: 33321090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-induced gene 2 (INSIG2) functions as a blocker of cholesterol biosynthesis and has been shown to be involved in colon and pancreatic cancer pathogenesis. Cholesterol is a risk factor for breast cancer pathophysiology; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well-defined. Hence, our goal was to determine the role of INISG2 in breast cancer. INSIG2 mRNA and protein expression was correlated to metastatic potential of breast cancer cell lines. Knockdown of INSIG2 inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Conversely, overexpression of INSIG2 induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Knockdown of INSIG2 did not affect cell proliferation but resulted in altered metabolism in vitro and attenuated experimental metastasis in vivo. Analysis of breast cancer tissue microarrays revealed significantly higher INSIG2 protein expression in breast cancer tissues. INSIG2 protein expression was correlated to hormone receptor status, with significantly higher expression in patients with triple-negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 molecular subtypes of invasive breast cancer. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas, however, revealed significantly lower INSIG2 mRNA expression in triple-negative breast cancer patients. Higher INSIG2 mRNA expression was correlated to poor survival probability. Asian patients with high INSIG2 mRNA expression had significantly lower survival probability compared with Asian patients with low/medium INSIG2 mRNA expression. These results reveal a yet undefined role of INSIG2 in breast cancer, potentially more relevant for breast cancer patients in Asia.
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Puppe J, Seifert T, Eichler C, Pilch H, Mallmann P, Malter W. Genomic Signatures in Luminal Breast Cancer. Breast Care (Basel) 2020; 15:355-365. [PMID: 32982645 DOI: 10.1159/000509846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is a very heterogeneous disease and luminal breast carcinomas represent the hormone receptor-positive tumors among all breast cancer subtypes. In this context, multigene signatures were developed to gain further prognostic and predictive information beyond clinical parameters and traditional immunohistochemical markers. Summary For early breast cancer patients these molecular tools can guide clinicians to decide on the extension of endocrine therapy to avoid over- and undertreatment by adjuvant chemotherapy. Beside the predictive and prognostic value, a few genomic tests are also able to provide intrinsic subtype classification. In this review, we compare the most frequently used and commercially available molecular tests (OncotypeDX®, MammaPrint®, Prosigna®, EndoPredict®, and Breast Cancer Index<sup>SM</sup>). Moreover, we discuss the clinical utility of molecular profiling for advanced breast cancer of the luminal subtype. Key Messages Multigene assays can help to de-escalate systemic therapy in early-stage breast cancer. Only the Oncotype DX® and MammaPrint®<sup></sup>test are validated by entirely prospective and randomized phase 3 trials. More clinical evidence is needed to support the use of genomic tests in node-positive disease. Recent developments in high-throughput sequencing technology will provide further insights to understand the heterogeneity of luminal breast cancers in early-stage and metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Puppe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tabea Seifert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Eichler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Henryk Pilch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Mallmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfram Malter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Jiang N, Dai Q, Su X, Fu J, Feng X, Peng J. Role of PI3K/AKT pathway in cancer: the framework of malignant behavior. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4587-4629. [PMID: 32333246 PMCID: PMC7295848 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Given that the PI3K/AKT pathway has manifested its compelling influence on multiple cellular process, we further review the roles of hyperactivation of PI3K/AKT pathway in various human cancers. We state the abnormalities of PI3K/AKT pathway in different cancers, which are closely related with tumorigenesis, proliferation, growth, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stem-like phenotype, immune microenvironment and drug resistance of cancer cells. In addition, we investigated the current clinical trials of inhibitors against PI3K/AKT pathway in cancers and found that the clinical efficacy of these inhibitors as monotherapy has so far been limited despite of the promising preclinical activity, which means combinations of targeted therapy may achieve better efficacies in cancers. In short, we hope to feature PI3K/AKT pathway in cancers to the clinic and bring the new promising to patients for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningni Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Qijie Dai
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Xiaorui Su
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Jianjiang Fu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Xuancheng Feng
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
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Xu Y, Li D, Liu Z, Gibbs DL, Xie L, Qin G. Intrinsic Genetic and Transcriptomic Patterns Reflect Tumor Immune Subtypes Facilitating Exploring Possible Combinatory Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:53. [PMID: 32391377 PMCID: PMC7191006 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The classification of immune subtypes was based on immune signatures highlighting the tumor immuno-microenvironment. It was found that immune subtypes associated with mutation and expression patterns in the tumor. How the intrinsic genetic and transcriptomic alterations contribute to the immune subtypes and how to select drug combinations from both targeted drugs and immune therapeutic drugs according to different immune subtypes are still not clear. Through statistical analysis of genetic alterations and transcriptional profiles of breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) samples, we found significant differences in the number of somatic missense mutations and frameshift deletions among the different immune subtypes. The high mutation load for somatic missense mutations and frameshift deletions may be explained by the high frequency of mutations and high expression of DNA double-strand break repair pathway genes. Extensive analysis of signaling pathways in both the genetic and transcriptomic levels reveals significantly altered pathways such as tumor protein Tumor Protein P53 (TP53) and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/RAS signaling pathways among different subtypes. Drug targets in the signaling pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 (MAP3K1) and Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Alpha (PIK3CA) show genetic alteration in specific subtypes, which may be potential targets for patients of a specific subtype. More drug targets which show transcriptional difference among immune subtypes were discovered, such as cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4, CDK6, Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2), etc. Moreover, differences in functional activity between tumor growth and immune-related pathways also elucidate the extrinsic factors of differences in prognosis and suggest potential drug combinations for different immune subtypes. These results help to explain how intrinsic alterations are associated with the immune subtypes and provide clues for possible combination therapy for different immune subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xu
- Laboratory for Computational Biology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Daixi Li
- Laboratory for Computational Biology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhao Liu
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - David L Gibbs
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lu Xie
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangrong Qin
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, United States
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Testa U, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Breast Cancer: A Molecularly Heterogenous Disease Needing Subtype-Specific Treatments. Med Sci (Basel) 2020; 8:E18. [PMID: 32210163 PMCID: PMC7151639 DOI: 10.3390/medsci8010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women. There were over two-million new cases in world in 2018. It is the second leading cause of death from cancer in western countries. At the molecular level, breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, which is characterized by high genomic instability evidenced by somatic gene mutations, copy number alterations, and chromosome structural rearrangements. The genomic instability is caused by defects in DNA damage repair, transcription, DNA replication, telomere maintenance and mitotic chromosome segregation. According to molecular features, breast cancers are subdivided in subtypes, according to activation of hormone receptors (estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor), of human epidermal growth factors receptor 2 (HER2), and or BRCA mutations. In-depth analyses of the molecular features of primary and metastatic breast cancer have shown the great heterogeneity of genetic alterations and their clonal evolution during disease development. These studies have contributed to identify a repertoire of numerous disease-causing genes that are altered through different mutational processes. While early-stage breast cancer is a curable disease in about 70% of patients, advanced breast cancer is largely incurable. However, molecular studies have contributed to develop new therapeutic approaches targeting HER2, CDK4/6, PI3K, or involving poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors for BRCA mutation carriers and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (E.P.)
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