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Baldygin A, Ahmed A, Baily R, Ismail MF, Khan M, Rodrigues N, Salehi AR, Ramesh M, Bhattacharya S, Willers T, Gowanlock D, Waghmare PR. Effect of gravity on the spreading of a droplet deposited by liquid needle deposition technique. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:49. [PMID: 37344457 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study represents an experimental investigation, complemented with a mathematical model, to decipher the effect of gravity on the spreading dynamics of a water droplet. For the theoretical discussion, an overall energy balance approach is adopted to explain the droplet spreading under both microgravity (μg) and terrestrial gravity condition. Besides explaining the mechanism of the droplet spreading under microgravity condition achieved during the parabolic flight, a technique with a detailed experimental set-up has also been developed for the successful deposition of droplet. A rational understanding is formulated through experimental investigation and theoretical analysis, which allows us to distinguish the transient variation of the spreading of a droplet, between microgravity and terrestrial gravity condition. The spreading of the droplet is predicted by the non-linear overall energy balance equation, which accounts for the operating parameters in the form of non-dimensional groups like Reynolds number ([Formula: see text]), Weber number (We) and Bond number (Bo). To distinctly identify the difference in the drop spreading at terrestrial and microgravity conditions, the Bo with transient gravitational field obtained through the on-board accelerometer is considered. The obtained theoretical results are further corroborated by experimental results which are obtained from the parabolic flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey Baldygin
- interfacial Science and Surface Engineering Lab (iSSELab), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2G8, Canada
| | - Abrar Ahmed
- interfacial Science and Surface Engineering Lab (iSSELab), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2G8, Canada
| | - Ryan Baily
- interfacial Science and Surface Engineering Lab (iSSELab), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2G8, Canada
| | - Md Farhad Ismail
- interfacial Science and Surface Engineering Lab (iSSELab), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2G8, Canada
| | - Muhammed Khan
- interfacial Science and Surface Engineering Lab (iSSELab), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2G8, Canada
| | - Nigel Rodrigues
- interfacial Science and Surface Engineering Lab (iSSELab), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2G8, Canada
| | - Ali-Reza Salehi
- interfacial Science and Surface Engineering Lab (iSSELab), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2G8, Canada
| | - Megnath Ramesh
- interfacial Science and Surface Engineering Lab (iSSELab), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2G8, Canada
| | | | | | - Derek Gowanlock
- Aerospace Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1920 Research Rd, Bldg U-61, Ottawa, ON, K1V2B1, Canada
| | - Prashant R Waghmare
- interfacial Science and Surface Engineering Lab (iSSELab), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2G8, Canada.
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Miadonye A, Irwin DJG, Amadu M. Effect of Polar Hydrocarbon Contents on Oil-Water Interfacial Tension and Implications for Recent Observations in Smart Water Flooding Oil Recovery Schemes. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:9086-9100. [PMID: 36936321 PMCID: PMC10018506 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
For decades now, low salinity water flooding (LSWF) oil recovery has emerged as an environmentally benign and cost-effective method for improved oil recovery, where research findings have reported pH and interfacial tension effects. Considering the effect of oil chemistry on interfacial tension and the potential of this chemistry to have a direct relationship with LSWF, we measured the interfacial tension of four crude oils with composition varying from those of conventional to unconventional ones. We also characterized the crude oil samples using infrared spectroscopy and a wet chemistry method based on asphaltene precipitation. Our research approach has enabled us to relate the composition of crude oil to the interfacial tension trend at pH encountered in improved oil recovery schemes. Our research methodology, based on an integrated approach to using infrared spectroscopy and interfacial tensiometry, has also enabled us to propose a more robust theoretical explanation for current observations in LSWF related to pH and interfacial tension. In this regard, oil-water interfacial tension depends on the concentration of polar components, such that the higher the concentration of polar groups in crude oil, the higher the interfacial tension at a given pH of aqueous solution. We have also shown that the acid-base behavior of polar groups at the oil-water interface provides a theoretical interpretation of the explicit relationship between oil-water interfacial tension and the electrostatic components of interfacial tension as given by the energy additivity theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adango Miadonye
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology,
Cape Breton University, Sydney NS B1M 1A2, Canada
| | - David J. G. Irwin
- Department
of Mathematics, Physics, and Geology, School
of Science and Technology, Cape Breton University, Sydney NS B1M 1A2, Canada
| | - Mumuni Amadu
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology,
Cape Breton University, Sydney NS B1M 1A2, Canada
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Layer-By-Layer Self-Assembled Dip Coating for Antifouling Functionalized Finishing of Cotton Textile. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132540. [PMID: 35808585 PMCID: PMC9269539 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The fouling of surfaces such as textiles is a major health challenge, and there is a continuous effort to develop materials and processes to overcome it. In consideration of this, this study regards the development of antifouling functional nanoencapsulated finishing for the cotton textile fabric by employing a layer-by-layer dip coating technique. Antifouling textile finishing was formulated by inducing the nanoencapsulation of the antifouling functional group inside the hydrophobic polymeric shell. Cotton fabric was taken as a substrate to incorporate antibacterial functionality by alternatively fabricating multilayers of antifouling polymeric formulation (APF) and polyelectrolyte solution. The surface morphology of nanoencapsulated finished textile fabric was characterized through scanning electron microscopy to confirm the uniform distribution of nanoparticles on the cotton textile fabric. Optical profilometry and atomic force microscopy studies indicated increased surface roughness in the coated textile substrate as compared to the uncoated textile. The surface thickness of the fabricated textile increased with the number of deposited bilayers on the textile substrate. Surface hydrophobicity increased with number of coating bilayers with θ values of x for single layer, up to y for 20 bilayers. The antibacterial activity of the uncoated and layer-by-layer coated finished textile was also evaluated. It was significant and exhibited a significant zone of inhibition against microbial strains Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli. The bilayer coating exhibited water repellency, hydrophobicity, and antibacterial activity. Thus, the fabricated textile could be highly useful for many industrial and biomedical applications.
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Boukouvala C, Daniel J, Ringe E. Approaches to modelling the shape of nanocrystals. NANO CONVERGENCE 2021; 8:26. [PMID: 34499259 PMCID: PMC8429535 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-021-00275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Unlike in the bulk, at the nanoscale shape dictates properties. The imperative to understand and predict nanocrystal shape led to the development, over several decades, of a large number of mathematical models and, later, their software implementations. In this review, the various mathematical approaches used to model crystal shapes are first overviewed, from the century-old Wulff construction to the year-old (2020) approach to describe supported twinned nanocrystals, together with a discussion and disambiguation of the terminology. Then, the multitude of published software implementations of these Wulff-based shape models are described in detail, describing their technical aspects, advantages and limitations. Finally, a discussion of the scientific applications of shape models to either predict shape or use shape to deduce thermodynamic and/or kinetic parameters is offered, followed by a conclusion. This review provides a guide for scientists looking to model crystal shape in a field where ever-increasingly complex crystal shapes and compositions are required to fulfil the exciting promises of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Boukouvala
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Joshua Daniel
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK.
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Padilla Espinosa IM, Jacobs TDB, Martini A. Evaluation of Force Fields for Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Platinum in Bulk and Nanoparticle Forms. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:4486-4498. [PMID: 34061519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the size- and shape-dependent properties of platinum nanoparticles is critical for enabling the design of nanoparticle-based applications with optimal and potentially tunable functionality. Toward this goal, we evaluated nine different empirical potentials with the purpose of accurately modeling faceted platinum nanoparticles using molecular dynamics simulation. First, the potentials were evaluated by computing bulk and surface properties-surface energy, lattice constant, stiffness constants, and the equation of state-and comparing these to prior experimental measurements and quantum mechanics calculations. Then, the potentials were assessed in terms of the stability of cubic and icosahedral nanoparticles with faces in the {100} and {111} planes, respectively. Although none of the force fields predicts all the evaluated properties with perfect accuracy, one potential-the embedded atom method formalism with a specific parameter set-was identified as best able to model platinum in both bulk and nanoparticle forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid M Padilla Espinosa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, California 95340, United States
| | - Tevis D B Jacobs
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Ashlie Martini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, California 95340, United States
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Walker Z, Wells T, Lay K, Sampad MJN, Schmidt H, Hawkins A. Solid-state membranes formed on natural menisci. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:445303. [PMID: 32679580 PMCID: PMC7931637 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aba711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a method to create robust, nanoscale solid-state membranes using the natural shape of a liquid meniscus as a template. A narrow, open channel is etched into a silicon substrate and then a photoresist polymer is introduced into the channel through spontaneous capillary action. The natural concave meniscus formed by the polymer is then covered by a thin chemical vapor deposited membrane. The polymer is removed by sacrificial etching, leaving behind a suspended membrane. Membranes as large as 20 μm by 9 mm can be fabricated with a thickness as low as 50 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Walker
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
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