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Memon H, Ong J, Waisberg E, Panzo N, Sarker P, Zaman N, Tavakkoli A, Lee AG. Biophysics of ophthalmic medications during spaceflight: Principles of ocular fluid dynamics and pharmacokinetics in microgravity. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2024; 42:53-61. [PMID: 39067991 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
As spaceflight becomes increasingly accessible and expansive to humanity, it is becoming ever more essential to consider the treatment of various eye diseases in these challenging environments. This paper delves into the increasing fascination with interplanetary travel and its implications for health management in varying environments. It specifically discusses the pharmacological management of ocular diseases, focusing on two key delivery methods: topical eye drops and intravitreal injections. The paper explores how microgravity impacts the administration of these treatments, a vital aspect in understanding drug delivery in space. An extensive analysis is presented on the pharmacokinetics of eye medications, examining the interaction between pharmaceuticals and ocular tissues in zero gravity. The goal of the paper is to bridge the understanding of fluid dynamics, microgravity and the human physiological systems to pave the way for innovative solutions faced by individuals in microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Memon
- Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Joshua Ong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Ethan Waisberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Prithul Sarker
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States; Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States; The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.
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Soares B, Ong J, Waisberg E, Sarker P, Zaman N, Tavakkoli A, Lee AG. Imaging in spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS): Current technology and future directions in modalities. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2024; 42:40-46. [PMID: 39067989 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
With plans for future long-duration crewed exploration, NASA has identified several high priority potential health risks to astronauts in space. One such risk is a collection of neurologic and ophthalmic findings termed spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS). The findings of SANS include optic disc edema, globe flattening, retinal nerve fiber layer thickening, chorioretinal folds, hyperopic shifts, and cotton-wool spots. The cause of SANS was initially thought to be a cephalad fluid shift in microgravity leading to increased intracranial pressure, venous stasis and impaired CSF outflow, but the precise etiology of SANS remains ill defined. Recent studies have explored multiple possible pathogenic mechanisms for SANS including genetic and hormonal factors; a cephalad shift of fluid into the orbit and brain in microgravity; and disruption to the brain glymphatic system. Orbital, ocular, and cranial imaging, both on Earth and in space has been critical in the diagnosis and monitoring of SANS (e.g., fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and orbital/cranial ultrasound). In addition, we highlight near-infrared spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging, two newer modalities with potential use in future studies of SANS. In this manuscript we provide a review of these modalities, outline their current and potential use in space and on Earth, and review the reported major imaging findings in SANS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Soares
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, United States.
| | - Joshua Ong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ethan Waisberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Prithul Sarker
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States; Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6560 Fannin St #450, Houston, Texas 77030, United States; The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States; Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.
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Masalkhi M, Ong J, Waisberg E, Lee AG. Ocular immunology and inflammation under microgravity conditions and the pathogenesis of spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS). Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:1799-1801. [PMID: 38443543 PMCID: PMC11226705 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-03005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mouayad Masalkhi
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Joshua Ong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ethan Waisberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Kamran SA, Hossain KF, Ong J, Waisberg E, Zaman N, Baker SA, Lee AG, Tavakkoli A. FA4SANS-GAN: A Novel Machine Learning Generative Adversarial Network to Further Understand Ophthalmic Changes in Spaceflight Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome (SANS). OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2024; 4:100493. [PMID: 38682031 PMCID: PMC11046204 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2024.100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To provide an automated system for synthesizing fluorescein angiography (FA) images from color fundus photographs for averting risks associated with fluorescein dye and extend its future application to spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) detection in spaceflight where resources are limited. Design Development and validation of a novel conditional generative adversarial network (GAN) trained on limited amount of FA and color fundus images with diabetic retinopathy and control cases. Participants Color fundus and FA paired images for unique patients were collected from a publicly available study. Methods FA4SANS-GAN was trained to generate FA images from color fundus photographs using 2 multiscale generators coupled with 2 patch-GAN discriminators. Eight hundred fifty color fundus and FA images were utilized for training by augmenting images from 17 unique patients. The model was evaluated on 56 fluorescein images collected from 14 unique patients. In addition, it was compared with 3 other GAN architectures trained on the same data set. Furthermore, we test the robustness of the models against acquisition noise and retaining structural information when introduced to artificially created biological markers. Main Outcome Measures For GAN synthesis, metric Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) and Kernel Inception Distance (KID). Also, two 1-sided tests (TOST) based on Welch's t test for measuring statistical significance. Results On test FA images, mean FID for FA4SANS-GAN was 39.8 (standard deviation, 9.9), which is better than GANgio model's mean of 43.2 (standard deviation, 13.7), Pix2PixHD's mean of 57.3 (standard deviation, 11.5) and Pix2Pix's mean of 67.5 (standard deviation, 11.7). Similarly for KID, FA4SANS-GAN achieved mean of 0.00278 (standard deviation, 0.00167) which is better than other 3 model's mean KID of 0.00303 (standard deviation, 0.00216), 0.00609 (standard deviation, 0.00238), 0.00784 (standard deviation, 0.00218). For TOST measurement, FA4SANS-GAN was proven to be statistically significant versus GANgio (P = 0.006); versus Pix2PixHD (P < 0.00001); and versus Pix2Pix (P < 0.00001). Conclusions Our study has shown FA4SANS-GAN to be statistically significant for 2 GAN synthesis metrics. Moreover, it is robust against acquisition noise, and can retain clear biological markers compared with the other 3 GAN architectures. This deployment of this model can be crucial in the International Space Station for detecting SANS. Financial Disclosures The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Amit Kamran
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada
| | - Khondker Fariha Hossain
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada
| | - Joshua Ong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ethan Waisberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada
| | - Salah A. Baker
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
| | - Andrew G. Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Texas
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Lee AG. Prioritizing open science in space medicine: perspectives following the NASA "Transform to Open Science (TOPS)" Curriculum. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:1683-1685. [PMID: 38244174 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-024-03612-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has recently made a long-term commitment towards fostering open science. The NASA Transform to Open Science (TOPS) initiative provides recommendations, best practices, and tools related to open science. The principles of open science include the transparent sharing of data, findings, and methods and is designed to accelerate the pace of discovery and foster collaboration. The goal of open science is to allow data, publications, software, and physical samples to be accessible to all, regardless of being a professional or an amateur. In this paper, we summarize several key points open science that were presented as part of NASA's Open Science 101 Module 1 at an in-person training event in Washington, D.C., and include how open science can be beneficial for researchers and society as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Waisberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Joshua Ong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Sampige R, Ong J, Waisberg E, Zaman N, Sarker P, Tavakkoli A, Lee AG. XR-SANS: a multi-modal framework for analyzing visual changes with extended reality (XR) in Spaceflight Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome (SANS). Eye (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41433-024-03147-5. [PMID: 38802484 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-03147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Sampige
- School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Joshua Ong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Ethan Waisberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Prithul Sarker
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Ong J, Carrabba NV, Waisberg E, Zaman N, Memon H, Panzo N, Lee VA, Sarker P, Vogt AZ, Laylani N, Tavakkoli A, Lee AG. Dynamic Visual Acuity, Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex, and Visual Field in National Football League (NFL) Officiating: Physiology and Visualization Engineering for 3D Virtual On-Field Training. Vision (Basel) 2024; 8:35. [PMID: 38804356 PMCID: PMC11130928 DOI: 10.3390/vision8020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability to make on-field, split-second decisions is critical for National Football League (NFL) game officials. Multiple principles in visual function are critical for accuracy and precision of these play calls, including foveation time and unobstructed line of sight, static visual acuity, dynamic visual acuity, vestibulo-ocular reflex, and sufficient visual field. Prior research has shown that a standardized curriculum in these neuro-ophthalmic principles have demonstrated validity and self-rated improvements in understanding, confidence, and likelihood of future utilization by NFL game officials to maximize visual performance during officiating. Virtual reality technology may also be able to help optimize understandings of specific neuro-ophthalmic principles and simulate real-life gameplay. Personal communication between authors and NFL officials and leadership have indicated that there is high interest in 3D virtual on-field training for NFL officiating. In this manuscript, we review the current and past research in this space regarding a neuro-ophthalmic curriculum for NFL officials. We then provide an overview our current visualization engineering process in taking real-life NFL gameplay 2D data and creating 3D environments for virtual reality gameplay training for football officials to practice plays that highlight neuro-ophthalmic principles. We then review in-depth the physiology behind these principles and discuss strategies to implement these principles into virtual reality for football officiating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Ong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | | | - Ethan Waisberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Hamza Memon
- Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | | | - Virginia A Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Prithul Sarker
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Ashtyn Z Vogt
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Noor Laylani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Ong J, Waisberg E, Masalkhi M, Suh A, Kamran SA, Paladugu P, Sarker P, Zaman N, Tavakkoli A, Lee AG. "Spaceflight-to-Eye Clinic": Terrestrial advances in ophthalmic healthcare delivery from space-based innovations. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2024; 41:100-109. [PMID: 38670636 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The phrase "Bench-to-Bedside" is a well-known phrase in medicine, highlighting scientific discoveries that directly translate to impacting patient care. Key examples of translational research include identification of key molecular targets in diseases and development of diagnostic laboratory tests for earlier disease detection. Bridging these scientific advances to the bedside/clinic has played a meaningful impact in numerous patient lives. The spaceflight environment poses a unique opportunity to also make this impact; the nature of harsh extraterrestrial conditions and medically austere and remote environments push for cutting-edge technology innovation. Many of these novel technologies built for the spaceflight environment also have numerous benefits for human health on Earth. In this manuscript, we focus on "Spaceflight-to-Eye Clinic" and discuss technologies built for the spaceflight environment that eventually helped to optimize ophthalmic health on Earth (e.g., LADAR for satellite docking now utilized in eye-tracking technology for LASIK). We also discuss current technology research for spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) that may also be applied to terrestrial ophthalmic health. Ultimately, various advances made to enable to the future of space exploration have also advanced the ophthalmic health of individuals on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Ong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Ethan Waisberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mouayad Masalkhi
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alex Suh
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Sharif Amit Kamran
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Phani Paladugu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Prithul Sarker
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States; The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Texas A&M College of Medicine, TX, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Lee AG. Corneal abrasions in space: current therapeutics and future directions. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:1238-1239. [PMID: 38177488 PMCID: PMC11076569 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Waisberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Masalkhi M, Ong J, Waisberg E, Lee AG. Deep learning in ophthalmic and orbital ultrasound for spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS). Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:1397. [PMID: 38135772 PMCID: PMC11076631 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mouayad Masalkhi
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ethan Waisberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Zaman N, Kamran SA, Sarker P, Tavakkoli A, Lee AG. Head-mounted display cataract surgery: a new frontier with eye tracking and foveated rendering technology. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:1022-1023. [PMID: 37857719 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Waisberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Sharif Amit Kamran
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Prithul Sarker
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Lee AG. Anaemia, idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS). Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:1029-1030. [PMID: 38042917 PMCID: PMC11009225 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Waisberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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13
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Masalkhi M, Ong J, Waisberg E, Lee AG. Ocular oxidative changes and antioxidant therapy during spaceflight. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:1034-1035. [PMID: 38001279 PMCID: PMC11009295 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mouayad Masalkhi
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ethan Waisberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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14
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Kamran SA, Hossain KF, Ong J, Zaman N, Waisberg E, Paladugu P, Lee AG, Tavakkoli A. SANS-CNN: An automated machine learning technique for spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome with astronaut imaging data. NPJ Microgravity 2024; 10:40. [PMID: 38548790 PMCID: PMC10978911 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00364-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) is one of the largest physiologic barriers to spaceflight and requires evaluation and mitigation for future planetary missions. As the spaceflight environment is a clinically limited environment, the purpose of this research is to provide automated, early detection and prognosis of SANS with a machine learning model trained and validated on astronaut SANS optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. In this study, we present a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) incorporating an EfficientNet encoder for detecting SANS from OCT images titled "SANS-CNN." We used 6303 OCT B-scan images for training/validation (80%/20% split) and 945 for testing with a combination of terrestrial images and astronaut SANS images for both testing and validation. SANS-CNN was validated with SANS images labeled by NASA to evaluate accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity. To evaluate real-world outcomes, two state-of-the-art pre-trained architectures were also employed on this dataset. We use GRAD-CAM to visualize activation maps of intermediate layers to test the interpretability of SANS-CNN's prediction. SANS-CNN achieved 84.2% accuracy on the test set with an 85.6% specificity, 82.8% sensitivity, and 84.1% F1-score. Moreover, SANS-CNN outperforms two other state-of-the-art pre-trained architectures, ResNet50-v2 and MobileNet-v2, in accuracy by 21.4% and 13.1%, respectively. We also apply two class-activation map techniques to visualize critical SANS features perceived by the model. SANS-CNN represents a CNN model trained and validated with real astronaut OCT images, enabling fast and efficient prediction of SANS-like conditions for spaceflight missions beyond Earth's orbit in which clinical and computational resources are extremely limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Amit Kamran
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, US
| | - Khondker Fariha Hossain
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, US
| | - Joshua Ong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, US
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, US
| | - Ethan Waisberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Phani Paladugu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, US
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, US
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, US
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, US
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, US
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, US
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, US
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, US
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, US
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, US.
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15
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Zaman N, Kamran SA, Tavakkoli A, Lee AG. Impact of COVID-19 on Neuro-Ophthalmology in the United States: A National Survey. Can J Neurol Sci 2024; 51:233-237. [PMID: 36971367 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2023.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the impacts of the COVID-19 on neuro-ophthalmology practice in the United States. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS The North American Neuro-ophthalmology Society distributed a survey on the impact of COVID-19 on neuro-ophthalmic practice to its members. The survey consisted of 15 questions regarding the impact of the pandemic on neuro-ophthalmic practice and perspectives. RESULTS Twenty-eight neuro-ophthalmologists practicing in the United States responded to our survey. In this survey, 64% of survey respondents were male (n = 18), while 36% were female (n = 10). The average age of a respondent was 55 years old. According to 77% of survey respondents, various neuro-ophthalmic diseases were reported to have worsened during the pandemic including idiopathic intracranial hypertension, compressive optic neuropathy, optic neuritis, and giant cell arteritis. CONCLUSIONS This survey represents one of the largest studies to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic of neuro-ophthalmology. Given the underrepresentation of neuro-ophthalmology in the United States as described in the literature, this study strengthens the need for more neuro-ophthalmologists to provide timely care, particularly during the pandemic. Further interventions to incentivize the pursuit of neuro-ophthalmology training may help combat the effects of COVID-19 on neuro-ophthalmic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Waisberg
- University College, Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Sharif Amit Kamran
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Texas, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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16
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Masalkhi M, Ong J, Waisberg E, Lee AG. Chorioretinal folds in astronauts: risk of chorioretinal fold-related maculopathy and terrestrial staging of disease. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:412-413. [PMID: 37731048 PMCID: PMC10858023 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02730-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mouayad Masalkhi
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ethan Waisberg
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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17
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Masalkhi M, Zaman N, Sarker P, Lee AG, Tavakkoli A. Apple Vision Pro and why extended reality will revolutionize the future of medicine. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:531-532. [PMID: 37365445 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Apple unveiled its highly anticipated mixed-reality headset, called the Apple Vision Pro on June 5, 2023. The primary user interface relies on eye tracking, hand, gestures, cameras, and sensors, eliminating the need for physical controllers such as keyboards or touch screens. The refined capabilities of this technology can be utilized for diverse purposes, including but not limited to medical and surgical education, and remote medical consultations. All things considered, virtual reality is a highly promising area for the future of medicine, from improving medical education and vision screening to physical and psychological rehabilitation. We look forward to further innovations in this exciting area for years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Waisberg
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mouayad Masalkhi
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Prithul Sarker
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
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18
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Masalkhi M, Zaman N, Sarker P, Lee AG, Tavakkoli A. The future of ophthalmology and vision science with the Apple Vision Pro. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:242-243. [PMID: 37542175 PMCID: PMC10810972 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Waisberg
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mouayad Masalkhi
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Prithul Sarker
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmologys, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
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19
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Lee AG. Space radiation and the potential for early cataract development. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:416-417. [PMID: 37735211 PMCID: PMC10858040 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02742-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Waisberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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20
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Masalkhi M, Lee AG, Berdahl J. Anatomical considerations for reducing ocular emergencies during spaceflight. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:505-508. [PMID: 37243845 PMCID: PMC10808690 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The privatization of space travel is opening civilian spaceflight to an unprecedented number of individuals now and in the immediate future. The increase in the number and diversity of space travelers will mean increased exposure to both physiologic and pathologic changes observed during acute and prolonged microgravity. AIMS In this paper, we describe the anatomic, physiologic, and pharmacologic factors to consider that impact acute angle-closure glaucoma risk during spaceflight. CONCLUSIONS Based on these factors, we elaborate upon areas of medical considerations and provide future recommendations that may aid in reducing the risk of acute angle-closure glaucoma in the next era of spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Waisberg
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Mouayad Masalkhi
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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21
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Mehare A, Chakole S, Wandile B. Navigating the Unknown: A Comprehensive Review of Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome. Cureus 2024; 16:e53380. [PMID: 38435236 PMCID: PMC10907968 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) is a complex and multifaceted condition that affects astronauts during and after their missions in space. This comprehensive review delves into the various aspects of SANS, providing a thorough understanding of its definition, historical context, clinical presentation, epidemiology, diagnostic techniques, preventive measures, and management strategies. Various ocular and neurological symptoms, including visual impairment, optic disc edema, choroidal folds, retinal changes, and increased intracranial pressure, characterize SANS. While microgravity is a primary driver of SANS, other factors like radiation exposure, genetic predisposition, and environmental conditions within spacecraft contribute to its development. The duration of space missions is a significant factor, with longer missions associated with a higher incidence of SANS. This review explores the diagnostic criteria and variability in SANS presentation, shedding light on early detection and management challenges. The epidemiology section provides insights into the occurrence frequency, affected astronauts' demographics, and differences between long-term and short-term missions. Diagnostic tools, including ophthalmological assessments and imaging techniques, are crucial in monitoring astronaut health during missions. Preventive measures are vital in mitigating the impact of SANS. Current strategies, ongoing research in prevention methods, lifestyle and behavioral factors, and the potential role of artificial gravity are discussed in detail. Additionally, the review delves into interventions, potential pharmacological treatments, rehabilitation, and long-term management considerations for astronauts with SANS. The conclusion underscores the importance of continued research in SANS, addressing ongoing challenges, and highlighting unanswered questions. With the expansion of human space exploration, understanding and managing SANS is imperative to ensure the health and well-being of astronauts during long-duration missions. This review is a valuable resource for researchers, healthcare professionals, and space agencies striving to enhance our knowledge and address the complexities of SANS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhidnya Mehare
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Swarupa Chakole
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Bhushan Wandile
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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22
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Zaman N, Ong J, Waisberg E, Masalkhi M, Lee AG, Tavakkoli A, Zuckerbrod S. Advanced Visualization Engineering for Vision Disorders: A Clinically Focused Guide to Current Technology and Future Applications. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:178-207. [PMID: 37861913 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Head-mounted visualization technology, often in the form of virtual, augmented, and mixed reality (VAMR), has revolutionized how visual disorders may be approached clinically. In this manuscript, we review the available literature on VAMR for visual disorders and provide a clinically oriented guide to how VAMR technology has been deployed for visual impairments. The chief areas of clinical investigation with VAMR are divided include (1) vision assessment, (2) vision simulation, and (3) vision rehabilitation. We discuss in-depth the current literature of these areas in VAMR and upcoming/future applications to combat the detrimental impact of visual impairment worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ethan Waisberg
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Mouayad Masalkhi
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
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23
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Masalkhi M, Zaman N, Sarker P, Lee AG, Tavakkoli A. Apple Vision Pro and the advancement of medical education with extended reality. CANADIAN MEDICAL EDUCATION JOURNAL 2024; 15:89-90. [PMID: 38528897 PMCID: PMC10961128 DOI: 10.36834/cmej.77634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Waisberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Ong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Michigan, USA
| | - Mouayad Masalkhi
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Nevada, USA
| | - Prithul Sarker
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Nevada, USA
| | - Andrew G Lee
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas, USA
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, USA
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Nevada, USA
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24
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Zaman N, Kamran SA, Sarker P, Tavakkoli A, Lee AG. Extended reality for strabismus screening in developing countries. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:224. [PMID: 37369763 PMCID: PMC10764831 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Waisberg
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Sharif Amit Kamran
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Prithul Sarker
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Paladugu P, Kamran SA, Zaman N, Tavakkoli A, Lee AG. Radiation-induced ophthalmic risks of long duration spaceflight: Current investigations and interventions. Eur J Ophthalmol 2023:11206721231221584. [PMID: 38151034 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231221584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE As the average duration of space missions increases, astronauts will experience longer periods of exposure to risks of long duration space flight including microgravity and radiation. The risks from long-term exposure to space radiation remains ill-defined. We review the current literature on the possible and known risks of radiation on the eye (including radiation retinopathy) after long duration spaceflight. METHODS A PubMed and Google Scholar search of the English language ophthalmic literature was performed from inception to July 11, 2022. The following search terms were utilized independently or in conjunction to build this manuscript: "Radiation Retinopathy", "Spaceflight", "Space Radiation", "Spaceflight Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome", "Microgravity", "Hypercapnia", "Radiation Shield", "Cataract", and "SANS". A concise and selective approach of references was conducted in including relevant original studies and reviews. RESULTS A total of 65 papers were reviewed and 47 papers were included in our review. CONCLUSION We discuss the potential and developing countermeasures to mitigate these radiation risks in preparation for future space exploration. Given the complex nature of space radiation, no single approach will fully reduce the risks of developing radiation maculopathy in long-duration spaceflight. Understanding and appropriately overcoming the risks of space radiation is key to becoming a multi-planetary species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Waisberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joshua Ong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Phani Paladugu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sharif Amit Kamran
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryant, Texas, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Masalkhi M, Memon H, Lee AG. Cheers not tears: champagne corks and eye injury. BMJ 2023; 383:2520. [PMID: 38123192 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.p2520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Waisberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Joshua Ong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mouayad Masalkhi
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Andrew G Lee
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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27
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Masalkhi M, Waisberg E, Ong J, Zaman N, Sarker P, Lee AG, Tavakkoli A. Apple Vision Pro for Ophthalmology and Medicine. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:2643-2646. [PMID: 37332003 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03283-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of new technologies continues to break barriers and transform the way we perceive and interact with the world. In this scientific article, we explore the potential impact of the new Apple XR headset on revolutionizing accessibility for individuals with visual deficits. With its rumored exceptional 4-K displays per eye and 5000 nits of brightness, this headset has the potential to enhance the visual experience and provide a new level of accessibility for users with visual impairments. We delve into the technical specifications, discuss the implications for accessibility, and envision how this groundbreaking technology could open up new possibilities for individuals with visual deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouayad Masalkhi
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Ethan Waisberg
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Prithul Sarker
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Houston Methodist Hospital, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Masalkhi M, Zaman N, Kamran SA, Sarker P, Lee AG, Tavakkoli A. Text-to-image artificial intelligence to aid clinicians in perceiving unique neuro-ophthalmic visual phenomena. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:3139-3142. [PMID: 36787030 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Waisberg
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mouayad Masalkhi
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Sharif Amit Kamran
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Prithul Sarker
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Zaman N, Kamran SA, Tavakkoli A, Lee AG. The impact of COVID-19 on managing ophthalmic diseases: an international, descriptive study. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:3101-3103. [PMID: 36773204 PMCID: PMC9918813 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anecdotally, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in more severe cases of eye disease, decreased medication compliance/availability, and decreased treatment volume due to the lockdown. AIMS We aim to quantify and bring together a variety of international perspectives from ophthalmologists of different subspecialties to characterize the global impact of COVID-19 on managing various ophthalmic disease. METHODS An online survey of 10 questions was conducted among ophthalmologists using a specialized survey program. RESULTS Fifty-two ophthalmologists were successfully contacted. Survey respondents include ophthalmologists from USA, Canada, Korea, Mexico, and New Zealand. Based on the results of our survey, 1 year after the pandemic, ophthalmic disease severity has worsened as well as a decrease in examination and medication compliance. CONCLUSIONS Ophthalmologists across the world have reported a general increase in disease severity and decrease in medication and examination compliance 1 year after the beginning of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Waisberg
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Sharif Amit Kamran
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Masalkhi M, Lee AG. Space Medicine: The Next Frontier of Medical Education. Prehosp Disaster Med 2023; 38:677-679. [PMID: 37522332 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x2300612x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Spaceflight has always been met with awe by the general public and may also have strong implications for medical training for future physicians, regardless of specialty or practice. Within the near future, the commercialization of spaceflight will lead to an unprecedented surge in travelers to space. With this increase, the understanding of space medicine and potential physiological risks of microgravity will only become more important for doctors to understand. Historically, teaching education on how the body responds to various different environments and environmental changes has been a longstanding core to medical education. Thus, education about the physiological, pathologic, and histologic changes to weightlessness over prolonged periods of time will likely provide additional insights to space medicine, as well as how medicine can be practiced here on Earth. The addition of space medicine to the medical curriculum will likely not only benefit future space medicine physicians, but also likely benefit all physicians and human health on Earth. In this manuscript, we discuss the various risks that astronauts undergo, as well as current space medicine education initiatives on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Waisberg
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MichiganUSA
| | - Mouayad Masalkhi
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TexasUSA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TexasUSA
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TexasUSA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New YorkUSA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TexasUSA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TexasUSA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TexasUSA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IowaUSA
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Zaman N, Paladugu P, Kamran SA, Tavakkoli A, Lee AG. The spaceflight contrast sensitivity hypothesis and its role to investigate the pathophysiology of spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 3:1229748. [PMID: 38983005 PMCID: PMC11182303 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1229748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Waisberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Phani Paladugu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sharif Amit Kamran
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryant, TX, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa, IA, United States
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Sarker P, Ong J, Zaman N, Kamran SA, Waisberg E, Paladugu P, Lee AG, Tavakkoli A. Extended reality quantification of pupil reactivity as a non-invasive assessment for the pathogenesis of spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome: A technology validation study for astronaut health. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2023; 38:79-86. [PMID: 37481311 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has rigorously documented a group of neuro-ophthalmic findings in astronauts during and after long-duration spaceflight known as spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS). For astronaut safety and mission effectiveness, understanding SANS and countermeasure development are of utmost importance. Although the pathogenesis of SANS is not well defined, a leading hypothesis is that SANS might relate to a sub-clinical increased intracranial pressure (ICP) from cephalad fluid shifts in microgravity. However, no direct ICP measurements are available during spaceflight. To further understand the role of ICP in SANS, pupillometry can serve as a promising non-invasive biomarker for spaceflight environment as ICP is correlated with the pupil variables under illumination. Extended reality (XR) can help to address certain limitations in current methods for efficient pupil testing during spaceflight. We designed a protocol to quantify parameters of pupil reactivity in XR with an equivalent time duration of illumination on each eye compared to pre-existing, non-XR methods. Throughout the assessment, the pupil diameter data was collected using HTC Vive Pro-VR headset, thanks to its eye-tracking capabilities. Finally, the data was used to compute several pupil variables. We applied our methods to 36 control subjects. Pupil variables such as maximum and minimum pupil size, constriction amplitude, average constriction amplitude, maximum constriction velocity, latency and dilation velocity were computed for each control data. We compared our methods of calculation of pupil variables with the non-XR methods existing in the literature. Distributions of the pupil variables such as latency, constriction amplitude, and velocity of 36 control data displayed near-identical results from the non-XR literature for normal subjects. We propose a new method to evaluate pupil reactivity with XR technology to further understand ICP's role in SANS and provide further insight into SANS countermeasure development for future spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithul Sarker
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - Sharif Amit Kamran
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - Ethan Waisberg
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Phani Paladugu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States; Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States; The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States; Texas A&M College of Medicine, Texas, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States.
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Masalkhi M, Zaman N, Kamran SA, Sarker P, Tavakkoli A, Lee AG. The Case for Expanding Visual Assessments During Spaceflight. Prehosp Disaster Med 2023; 38:518-521. [PMID: 37365808 PMCID: PMC10445111 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x23005964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) is one of the potential barriers to human long-duration spaceflight (LDSF), including a manned mission to Mars. While a large barrier, the pathophysiology of SANS is not well understood, and functional and structural findings from SANS continue to be further characterized. Currently on the International Space Station (ISS), scheduled visual assessments are static visual acuity, Amsler grid, and a self-reported survey. Additional visual assessments may help the understanding of this neuro-ophthalmic phenomenon, as well as the effects of spaceflight of overall ocular health. In this paper, a case is made for expanding scheduled visual assessments to include dynamic visual, contrast sensitivity (CS), visual field testing, and virtual reality-based metamorphopsia assessment during spaceflight. These further assessments may play a key role in helping to determine the structural and functional changes associated with SANS, which are crucial to maintain astronaut vision during LDSF, as well as for developing countermeasures. Finally, a brief discussion is provided about current challenges to expanding visual testing during spaceflight and potential solutions to these barriers, specifically head-mounted visual assessment technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Waisberg
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MichiganUSA
| | - Mouayad Masalkhi
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NevadaUSA
| | - Sharif Amit Kamran
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NevadaUSA
| | - Prithul Sarker
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NevadaUSA
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NevadaUSA
| | - Andrew G. Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TexasUSA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TexasUSA
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TexasUSA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New YorkUSA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TexasUSA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TexasUSA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, TexasUSA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IowaUSA
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Paladugu P, Kamran SA, Zaman N, Tavakkoli A, Lee AG. Advances in machine learning to detect preventable causes of blindness. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:2582-2583. [PMID: 36496462 PMCID: PMC10397272 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Waisberg
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Phani Paladugu
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharif Amit Kamran
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Ong J, Waisberg E, Masalkhi M, Kamran SA, Lowry K, Sarker P, Zaman N, Paladugu P, Tavakkoli A, Lee AG. Artificial Intelligence Frameworks to Detect and Investigate the Pathophysiology of Spaceflight Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome (SANS). Brain Sci 2023; 13:1148. [PMID: 37626504 PMCID: PMC10452366 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) is a unique phenomenon that has been observed in astronauts who have undergone long-duration spaceflight (LDSF). The syndrome is characterized by distinct imaging and clinical findings including optic disc edema, hyperopic refractive shift, posterior globe flattening, and choroidal folds. SANS serves a large barrier to planetary spaceflight such as a mission to Mars and has been noted by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as a high risk based on its likelihood to occur and its severity to human health and mission performance. While it is a large barrier to future spaceflight, the underlying etiology of SANS is not well understood. Current ophthalmic imaging onboard the International Space Station (ISS) has provided further insights into SANS. However, the spaceflight environment presents with unique challenges and limitations to further understand this microgravity-induced phenomenon. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the field of imaging in ophthalmology, particularly in detection and monitoring. In this manuscript, we describe the current hypothesized pathophysiology of SANS and the medical diagnostic limitations during spaceflight to further understand its pathogenesis. We then introduce and describe various AI frameworks that can be applied to ophthalmic imaging onboard the ISS to further understand SANS including supervised/unsupervised learning, generative adversarial networks, and transfer learning. We conclude by describing current research in this area to further understand SANS with the goal of enabling deeper insights into SANS and safer spaceflight for future missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Ong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | | | - Mouayad Masalkhi
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sharif Amit Kamran
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89512, USA
| | | | - Prithul Sarker
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89512, USA
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89512, USA
| | - Phani Paladugu
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89512, USA
| | - Andrew G. Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 50010, USA
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Paladugu P, Kamran SA, Zaman N, Lee AG, Tavakkoli A. Dynamic visual acuity as a biometric for astronaut performance and safety. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2023; 37:3-6. [PMID: 37087177 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Astronauts are exposed to an austere and constantly changing environment during space travel. To respond to these rapid environmental changes, high levels of dynamic visual acuity (DVA) are required. DVA is the ability to visualize objects that are in motion, or with head movement and has previously been shown to decrease significantly following spaceflight. Decreased DVA can potentially impact astronauts while performing mission critical tasks and drive space motion sickness. In this paper, we suggest that DVA assessment during spaceflight and during G-transitions should be considered to help further understand the vestibulo-ocular impacts of interplanetary spaceflight and ensure mission performance including potential manned missions to Mars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Waisberg
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Phani Paladugu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sharif Amit Kamran
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States; Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States; The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States; Texas A&M College of Medicine, Texas, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Kamran SA, Paladugu P, Zaman N, Lee AG, Tavakkoli A. Transfer learning as an AI-based solution to address limited datasets in space medicine. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2023; 36:36-38. [PMID: 36682827 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has a promising role in the future long-duration spaceflight missions. Traditional AI algorithms rely on training and testing data from the same domain. However, astronaut medical data is naturally limited to a small sample size and often difficult to collect, leading to extremely limited datasets. This significantly limits the ability of traditional machine learning methodologies. Transfer learning is a potential solution to overcome this dataset size limitation and can help improve training time and performance of a neural networks. We discuss the unique challenges of space medicine in producing datasets and transfer learning as an emerging technique to address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Waisberg
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Sharif Amit Kamran
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - Phani Paladugu
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States; The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States; Texas A&M College of Medicine, Texas, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Kamran SA, Zaman N, Paladugu P, Sarker P, Tavakkoli A, Lee AG. Further characterizing the physiological process of posterior globe flattening in spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome with generative adversarial networks. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:150-151. [PMID: 36592406 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00747.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Waisberg
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sharif Amit Kamran
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Phani Paladugu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Prithul Sarker
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.,The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York.,Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York.,Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas.,Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Zaman N, Kamran SA, Lee AG, Tavakkoli A. Head-Mounted Dynamic Visual Acuity for G-Transition Effects During Interplanetary Spaceflight: Technology Development and Results from an Early Validation Study. Aerosp Med Hum Perform 2022; 93:800-805. [DOI: 10.3357/amhp.6092.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Dynamic visual acuity (DVA) refers to the ability of the eye to discern detail in a moving object and plays an important role whenever rapid physical responses to environmental changes are required, such as while performing tasks onboard a space shuttle. A significant
decrease in DVA has previously been noted after astronauts returned from long-duration spaceflight (0.75 eye chart lines, 24 h after returning from space). As part of a NASA-funded, head-mounted multimodal visual assessment system for monitoring vision changes in spaceflight, we elaborate
upon the technical development and engineering of dynamic visual acuity assessments with virtual reality (VR) technology as the first step in assessing astronaut performance when undergoing G-transitional effects. We also report results from an early validation study comparing VR DVA assessment
with traditional computer based DVA assessment.METHODS: Various VR/AR headsets have been utilized to implement DVA tests. These headsets include HTC Vive Pro Eye system. Epic’s game engine UnrealEngine 4 Version 4.24 was used to build the framework and SteamVR was used to
experience virtual reality content. Eye tracking technology was used to maintain fixation of the participant. An early validation study with five participants was conducted comparing this technology versus traditional DVA with a laptop.RESULTS: The head-mounted technology developed
for assessing DVA changes during G-transitions is fully functional. The results from the early validation study demonstrated that the two DVA tests (laptop-based and VR) indicated a strong association between both methods (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.91). A Bland-Altman plot was employed
to assess levels of agreement, with all data points falling within the limits of agreement.DISCUSSION: The results from this early validation study indicate that head-mounted DVA assessment performs similarly to traditional laptop-based methods and is a promising method for assessing
DVA during spaceflight, particularly in G-transitions. Future studies are required for further assessment of validation and reliability of this technology. With its ease of use, accessibility, and portable design, VR DVA has the potential in the near-future to replace conventional methods
of assessing DVA. The technology will likely be an important aspect to help monitor functionality and safety during interplanetary missions where astronauts are exposed to G-transitions.Waisberg E, Ong J, Zaman N, Kamran Sa, Lee AG, Tavakkoli A. Head-mounted dynamic visual acuity
for G-transition effects during interplanetary spaceflight: technology development and results from an early validation study. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2022; 93(11):800–805.
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Waisberg E, Ong J, Paladugu P, Zaman N, Kamran SA, Lee AG, Tavakkoli A. Optimizing Screening for Preventable Blindness With Head-Mounted Visual Assessment Technology. JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT & BLINDNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/0145482x221124186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Waisberg
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joshua Ong
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Phani Paladugu
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Sharif Amit Kamran
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Andrew G. Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TE, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
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