1
|
Simpson TG, Godfrey W, Torrecillos F, He S, Herz DM, Oswal A, Muthuraman M, Pogosyan A, Tan H. Cortical beta oscillations help synchronise muscles during static posture holding in healthy motor control. Neuroimage 2024:120774. [PMID: 39103065 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
How cortical oscillations are involved in the coordination of functionally coupled muscles and how this is modulated by different movement contexts (static vs dynamic) remains unclear. Here, this is investigated by recording high-density electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) from different forearm muscles while healthy participants (n=20) performed movement tasks (static and dynamic posture holding, and reaching) with their dominant hand. When dynamic perturbation was applied, beta band (15-35Hz) activities in the motor cortex contralateral to the performing hand reduced during the holding phase, comparative to when there was no perturbation. During static posture holding, transient periods of increased cortical beta oscillations (beta bursts) were associated with greater corticomuscular coherence and increased phase synchrony between muscles (intermuscular coherence) in the beta frequency band compared to the no-burst period. This effect was not present when resisting dynamic perturbation. The results suggest that cortical beta bursts assist synchronisation of different muscles during static posture holding in healthy motor control, contributing to the maintenance and stabilisation of functional muscle groups. Theoretically, increased cortical beta oscillations could lead to exaggerated synchronisation in different muscles making the initialisation of movements more difficult, as observed in Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Simpson
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - William Godfrey
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Flavie Torrecillos
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shenghong He
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Damian M Herz
- Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation, Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ashwini Oswal
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Muthuraman Muthuraman
- Neural Engineering with Signal Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (NESA-AI), Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alek Pogosyan
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Huiling Tan
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Parimoo S, Grady C, Olsen R. Age-related Differences in Response Inhibition Are Mediated by Frontoparietal White Matter but Not Functional Activity. J Cogn Neurosci 2024; 36:1184-1205. [PMID: 38579242 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Healthy older adults often exhibit lower performance but increased functional recruitment of the frontoparietal control network during cognitive control tasks. According to the cortical disconnection hypothesis, age-related changes in the microstructural integrity of white matter may disrupt inter-regional neuronal communication, which in turn can impair behavioral performance. Here, we use fMRI and diffusion-weighted imaging to determine whether age-related differences in white matter microstructure contribute to frontoparietal over-recruitment and behavioral performance during a response inhibition (go/no-go) task in an adult life span sample (n = 145). Older and female participants were slower (go RTs) than younger and male participants, respectively. However, participants across all ages were equally accurate on the no-go trials, suggesting some participants may slow down on go trials to achieve high accuracy on no-go trials. Across the life span, functional recruitment of the frontoparietal network within the left and right hemispheres did not vary as a function of age, nor was it related to white matter fractional anisotropy (FA). In fact, only frontal FA and go RTs jointly mediated the association between age and no-go accuracy. Our results therefore suggest that frontal white matter cortical "disconnection" is an underlying driver of age-related differences in cognitive control, and white matter FA may not fully explain functional task-related activation in the frontoparietal network during the go/no-go task. Our findings add to the literature by demonstrating that white matter may be more important for certain cognitive processes in aging than task-related functional activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shireen Parimoo
- University of Toronto
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cheryl Grady
- University of Toronto
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rosanna Olsen
- University of Toronto
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Honma M, Terao Y. Modulation of time in Parkinson's disease: a review and perspective on cognitive rehabilitation. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1379496. [PMID: 38686125 PMCID: PMC11056500 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1379496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Time cognition is an essential function of human life, and the impairment affects a variety of behavioral patterns. Neuropsychological approaches have been widely demonstrated that Parkinson's disease (PD) impairs time cognitive processing. Many researchers believe that time cognitive deficits are due to the basal ganglia, including the striatum or subthalamic nucleus, which is the pathomechanism of PD, and are considered to produce only transient recovery due to medication effects. In this perspective, we focus on a compensatory property of brain function based on the improved time cognition independent of basal ganglia recovery and an overlapping structure on the neural network based on an improved inhibitory system by time cognitive training, in patients with PD. This perspective may lead to restoring multiple functions through single function training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motoyasu Honma
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terao
- Department of Medical Physiology, Kyorin University of School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou L, Li SX, Chau SW, Huang B, Wang J, Tang S, Chan JW, Zhang J, Yu MW, Tsang JC, Hu MT, Mok VC, Wing YK, Liu Y. Altered Impulsivity Across Drug-Naïve Parkinsonism, Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder, and Their High-Risk Relatives. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:544-557. [PMID: 37997521 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine multidimensional impulsivity levels across different early stages of α-synucleinopathy. METHODS This cross-sectional study investigated motor and decisional impulsivity levels using a panel of computerized tasks among drug-naïve parkinsonism patients, isolated/idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) patients and their first-degree relatives (iRBD-FDRs), and control participants. Trait impulsivity and impulse control behaviors were assessed by self-reported questionnaires. RESULTS A total of 27 drug-naïve parkinsonism patients, 157 iRBD patients, 66 iRBD-FDRs, and 82 control participants were recruited. Parkinsonism and iRBD patients had fewer numbers of extracted beads in beads task 1 and 2 (both p < 0.001), and a higher rate of irrational choice in task 1 (p = 0.046) before making decisions, and fewer numbers of pumps of unexploded blue balloons in the balloon analog risk task (p = 0.004) than control participants, indicating a higher level of reflection impulsivity and a lower level of risk taking, respectively. iRBD patients had more no-go errors in the go/no-go task than control participants (padjusted = 0.036), suggesting a higher level of motor impulsivity. iRBD-FDRs with dream-enactment behaviors had fewer numbers of extracted beads (p = 0.047) in beads task 2 than FDRs without dream-enactment behaviors, suggesting a possible higher level of reflection impulsivity. INTERPRETATION A complex construct of altered impulsivity with decreased risk taking, but increased reflection and motor impulsivity, has already occurred at the prodromal and early stages of α-synucleinopathy, which have implications for underlying pathophysiology and clinical management of α-synucleinopathy, especially for impulse control behaviors upon dopaminergic drug treatment. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:544-557.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shirley Xin Li
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Steven Wh Chau
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bei Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joey Wy Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jihui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mandy Wm Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jessie Cc Tsang
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michele Tm Hu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Vincent Ct Mok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bunzeck N, Steiger TK, Krämer UM, Luedtke K, Marshall L, Obleser J, Tune S. Trajectories and contributing factors of neural compensation in healthy and pathological aging. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 156:105489. [PMID: 38040075 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Neural degeneration is a hallmark of healthy aging and can be associated with specific cognitive impairments. However, neural degeneration per se is not matched by unremitting declines in cognitive abilities. Instead, middle-aged and older adults typically maintain surprisingly high levels of cognitive functioning, suggesting that the human brain can adapt to structural degeneration by neural compensation. Here, we summarize prevailing theories and recent empirical studies on neural compensation with a focus on often neglected contributing factors, such as lifestyle, metabolism and neural plasticity. We suggest that these factors moderate the relationship between structural integrity and neural compensation, maintaining psychological well-being and behavioral functioning. Finally, we discuss that a breakdown in neural compensation may pose a tipping point that distinguishes the trajectories of healthy vs pathological aging, but conjoint support from psychology and cognitive neuroscience for this alluring view is still scarce. Therefore, future experiments that target the concomitant processes of neural compensation and associated behavior will foster a comprehensive understanding of both healthy and pathological aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Bunzeck
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Germany; Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Germany.
| | | | - Ulrike M Krämer
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Germany; Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kerstin Luedtke
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lisa Marshall
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jonas Obleser
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Germany; Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sarah Tune
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Germany; Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kricheldorff J, Ficke J, Debener S, Witt K. Impaired proactive cognitive control in Parkinson's disease. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad327. [PMID: 38130839 PMCID: PMC10733811 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive control has been studied in Parkinson's disease mainly in the context of proactive control and with mixed results. We compared reactive- and proactive control in 30 participants with Parkinson's disease to 30 age matched healthy control participants. The electroencephalographic activity of the participants was recorded over 128 channels while they performed a numerical Stroop task, in which we controlled for confounding stimulus-response learning. We assessed effects of reactive- and proactive control on reaction time-, accuracy- and electroencephalographic time-frequency data. Behavioural results show distinct impairments of proactive- and reactive control in participants with Parkinson's disease, when tested on their usual medication. Compared to healthy control participants, participants with Parkinson's disease were impaired in their ability to adapt cognitive control proactively and were less effective to resolve conflict using reactive control. Successful reactive and proactive control in the healthy control group was accompanied by a reduced conflict effect between congruent and incongruent items in midline-frontal theta power. Our findings provide evidence for a general impairment of proactive control in Parkinson's disease and highlight the importance of controlling for the effects of S-R learning when studying adaptive control. Evidence concerning reactive control was inconclusive, but we found that participants with Parkinson's disease were less effective than healthy control participants in resolving conflict during the reactive control task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Kricheldorff
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26046 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Julia Ficke
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26046 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Debener
- Research Center of Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Witt
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26046 Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center of Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Evangelical Hospital, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Herz DM, Brown P. Moving, fast and slow: behavioural insights into bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2023; 146:3576-3586. [PMID: 36864683 PMCID: PMC10473574 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The debilitating symptoms of Parkinson's disease, including the hallmark slowness of movement, termed bradykinesia, were described more than 100 years ago. Despite significant advances in elucidating the genetic, molecular and neurobiological changes in Parkinson's disease, it remains conceptually unclear exactly why patients with Parkinson's disease move slowly. To address this, we summarize behavioural observations of movement slowness in Parkinson's disease and discuss these findings in a behavioural framework of optimal control. In this framework, agents optimize the time it takes to gather and harvest rewards by adapting their movement vigour according to the reward that is at stake and the effort that needs to be expended. Thus, slow movements can be favourable when the reward is deemed unappealing or the movement very costly. While reduced reward sensitivity, which makes patients less inclined to work for reward, has been reported in Parkinson's disease, this appears to be related mainly to motivational deficits (apathy) rather than bradykinesia. Increased effort sensitivity has been proposed to underlie movement slowness in Parkinson's disease. However, careful behavioural observations of bradykinesia are inconsistent with abnormal computations of effort costs due to accuracy constraints or movement energetic expenditure. These inconsistencies can be resolved when considering that a general disability to switch between stable and dynamic movement states can contribute to an abnormal composite effort cost related to movement in Parkinson's disease. This can account for paradoxical observations such as the abnormally slow relaxation of isometric contractions or difficulties in halting a movement in Parkinson's disease, both of which increase movement energy expenditure. A sound understanding of the abnormal behavioural computations mediating motor impairment in Parkinson's disease will be vital for linking them to their underlying neural dynamics in distributed brain networks and for grounding future experimental studies in well-defined behavioural frameworks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damian M Herz
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit at the University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
- Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation, Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Brown
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit at the University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
D’Ascanio S, Piras F, Banaj N, Assogna F, Pellicano C, Bassi A, Spalletta G, Piras F. Narrative discourse production in Parkinson's disease: Decoupling the role of cognitive-linguistic and motor speech changes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18633. [PMID: 37576215 PMCID: PMC10415819 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction the interplay between neuropsychological and communicative abilities in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been relatively overlooked, and it is not entirely understood which difficulties are consequent to impaired motor control, and which have a linguistic/cognitive basis. Here, we examined narrative discourse in PD using a multi-level analysis procedure considering sentence-level (productivity, lexical-grammatical processing) and discourse-level processes (narrative organization, informativeness), and partialling out patients' motor speech impairments. The interaction between cognitive (i.e. linguistic and executive) and communication abilities was also investigated. Methods Twenty-nine PD subjects in the mild stage of the disease were compared to 29 matched healthy comparators (HC) on quantitative measures of narrative discourse derived from two picture description tasks. Multivariate (considering articulation rate and educational attainment as covariates) and univariate (with group membership as independent variable) analyses of variance were conducted on separate linguistic domains. The contribution of executive/linguistic abilities to PD's narrative performance was explored by multiple regression analyses on narrative measures significantly differentiating patients from HC. Results significant reductions in patients were observed on measures of productivity (less well-formed words, shorter sentences) and informativeness (fewer conceptual units, less informative elements, lower number of details) and these alterations were explained by variations in linguistic abilities (action and object naming) rather than executive abilities. Articulation rate and educational attainment did not impact the observed reduced productivity and under-informativeness. Conclusion referential narrative discourse is altered in PD, regardless of motor impairments in speech production. The observed reductions in productivity/informativeness aspects of narratives were related to naming abilities and in particular to verbs processing, consistently with the neurocognitive model of motor language coupling. Since narratives are amenable to recurrent and automated analysis for the identification of linguistic patterns potentially anticipating the development of PD and the onset of cognitive deterioration, discourse abilities should be quantitatively and repeatedly profiled in the disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara D’Ascanio
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Assogna
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Clelia Pellicano
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bassi
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Federica Piras
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kane JM, McDonnell JL, Neimat JS, Hedera P, van den Wildenberg WPM, Phibbs FT, Bradley EB, Wylie SA, van Wouwe NC. Essential tremor impairs the ability to suppress involuntary action impulses. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:1957-1966. [PMID: 35562536 PMCID: PMC11150918 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is a movement disorder characterized primarily by action tremor which affects the regulation of movements. Disruptions in cerebello-thalamocortical networks could interfere with cognitive control over actions in ET, for example, the ability to suppress a strong automatic impulse over a more appropriate action (conflict control). The current study investigated whether ET impacts conflict control proficiency. Forty-one ET patients and 29 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) performed a conflict control task (Simon task). Participants were instructed to give a left or right response to a spatially lateralized arrow (direction of the arrow). When the action signaled by the spatial location and direction of the arrow were non-corresponding (induced conflict), the inappropriate action impulse required suppression. Overall, ET patients responded slower and less accurately compared to HCs. ET patients were especially less accurate on non-corresponding conflict (Nc) versus corresponding (Cs) trials. A focused analysis on fast impulsive response rates (based on the accuracy rate at the fastest reaction times on Nc trials) showed that ET patients made more fast errors compared to HCs. Results suggest impaired conflict control in ET compared to HCs. The increased impulsive errors seen in the ET population may be a symptom of deficiencies in the cerebello-thalamocortical networks, or, be caused by indirect effects on the cortico-striatal pathways. Future studies into the functional networks impacted by ET (cortico-striatal and cerebello-thalamocortical pathways) could advance our understanding of inhibitory control in general and the cognitive deficits in ET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessi M Kane
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Joseph S Neimat
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Peter Hedera
- Department of Neurology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wery P M van den Wildenberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fenna T Phibbs
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elise B Bradley
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Scott A Wylie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Nelleke C van Wouwe
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Reverse Visually Guided Reaching in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 2022:8132923. [PMID: 35386952 PMCID: PMC8979744 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8132923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In addition to motor symptoms such as difficulty in movement initiation and bradykinesia, patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) display nonmotor executive cognitive dysfunction with deficits in inhibitory control. Preoperative psychological assessments are used to screen for impulsivity that may be worsened by deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). However, it is unclear whether anti-Parkinson’s therapy, such as dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) or DBS, which has beneficial effects on motor function, adversely affects inhibitory control or its domains. The detrimental effects of STN-DBS are more apparent when tasks test the inhibition of habitual prepotent responses or involve complex cognitive loads. Our goal was to use a reverse visually guided reaching (RVGR) task, a hand-based version of the antisaccade task, to simultaneously measure motor performance and response inhibition in subjects with PD. We recruited 55 healthy control subjects, 26 PD subjects receiving treatment with DRTs, and 7 PD subjects receiving treatment with STN-DBS and DRTs. In the RVGR task, a cursor moved opposite to the subject’s hand movement. This was compared to visually guided reaching (VGR) where the cursor moved in the same direction as the subject’s hand movement. Reaction time, mean speed, and direction errors (in RVGR) were assessed. Reaction times were longer, and mean speeds were slower during RVGR compared to VGR in all three groups but worse in untreated subjects with PD. Treatment with DRTs, DBS, or DBS + DRT improved the reaction time and speed on the RVGR task to a greater extent than VGR. Additionally, DBS or DBS + DRT demonstrated an increase in direction errors, which was correlated with decreased reaction time. These results show that the RVGR task quantifies the benefit of STN-DBS on bradykinesia and the concomitant reduction of proactive inhibitory control. The RVGR task has the potential to be used to rapidly screen for preoperative deficits in inhibitory control and to titrate STN-DBS, to maximize the therapeutic benefits on movement, and minimize impaired inhibitory control.
Collapse
|
11
|
Waldthaler J, Vinding MC, Eriksson A, Svenningsson P, Lundqvist D. Neural correlates of impaired response inhibition in the antisaccade task in Parkinson’s disease. Behav Brain Res 2022; 422:113763. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
12
|
Fasano A, Mazzoni A, Falotico E. Reaching and Grasping Movements in Parkinson's Disease: A Review. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:1083-1113. [PMID: 35253780 PMCID: PMC9198782 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-213082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is known to affect the brain motor circuits involving the basal ganglia (BG) and to induce, among other signs, general slowness and paucity of movements. In upper limb movements, PD patients show a systematic prolongation of movement duration while maintaining a sufficient level of endpoint accuracy. PD appears to cause impairments not only in movement execution, but also in movement initiation and planning, as revealed by abnormal preparatory activity of motor-related brain areas. Grasping movement is affected as well, particularly in the coordination of the hand aperture with the transport phase. In the last fifty years, numerous behavioral studies attempted to clarify the mechanisms underlying these anomalies, speculating on the plausible role that the BG-thalamo-cortical circuitry may play in normal and pathological motor control. Still, many questions remain open, especially concerning the management of the speed-accuracy tradeoff and the online feedback control. In this review, we summarize the literature results on reaching and grasping in parkinsonian patients. We analyze the relevant hypotheses on the origins of dysfunction, by focusing on the motor control aspects involved in the different movement phases and the corresponding role played by the BG. We conclude with an insight into the innovative stimulation techniques and computational models recently proposed, which might be helpful in further clarifying the mechanisms through which PD affects reaching and grasping movements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Fasano
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence to: Alessio Fasano and Egidio Falotico, The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Polo Sant’Anna Valdera, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio, 34, 56025 Pontedera (PI), Italy. Tel.: +39 050 883 457; E-mails: and
| | - Alberto Mazzoni
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Egidio Falotico
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence to: Alessio Fasano and Egidio Falotico, The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Polo Sant’Anna Valdera, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio, 34, 56025 Pontedera (PI), Italy. Tel.: +39 050 883 457; E-mails: and
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Waldthaler J, Stock L, Krüger-Zechlin C, Timmermann L. Age at Parkinson's disease onset modulates the effect of levodopa on response inhibition: Support for the dopamine overdose hypothesis from the antisaccade task. Neuropsychologia 2021; 163:108082. [PMID: 34728241 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The antisaccade task is an established eye-tracking paradigm to explore response inhibition. While many studies showed that antisaccade performance is impaired in Parkinson's disease (PD), the effect of dopaminergic medication is still an area of debate. According to the dopamine overdose hypothesis, intrinsic basal dopamine levels in ventral parts of the striatum determine whether levodopa intake has beneficial or detrimental effects on dopamine-dependent cognitive tasks. The objective of this study was therefore to explore the effect of several disease-related factors on changes in antisaccade performance after levodopa intake in PD. Thirty-five individuals with PD (and 30 healthy controls) performed antisaccades in OFF and ON medication state. Multiple linear regressions were calculated to predict the change in antisaccade latency, directive errors and express saccade rate based on age at PD onset, disease duration, levodopa-equivalent daily dose, motor symptom severity and executive functions. Levodopa intake did not alter antisaccade performance on a group level. However, the effect of levodopa was differentially modulated by age at PD onset and motor symptom severity. Earlier disease onset and milder motor symptoms in OFF medication state were associated with reduced response inhibition capacity after levodopa intake measured as increased express saccade and error rates. Our results indicate that levodopa may have opposing effects on oculomotor response inhibition dependent on the age at PD onset and motor disease severity. Assuming less dopaminergic loss in ventral parts of the striatum in early compared to late onset PD, these findings support the dopamine overdose hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Waldthaler
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; CMBB - Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior, Universities of Marburg and Gießen, Marburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Lena Stock
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Lars Timmermann
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; CMBB - Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior, Universities of Marburg and Gießen, Marburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Neuropsychiatric and Cognitive Deficits in Parkinson's Disease and Their Modeling in Rodents. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060684. [PMID: 34204380 PMCID: PMC8234051 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with a large burden of non-motor symptoms including olfactory and autonomic dysfunction, as well as neuropsychiatric (depression, anxiety, apathy) and cognitive disorders (executive dysfunctions, memory and learning impairments). Some of these non-motor symptoms may precede the onset of motor symptoms by several years, and they significantly worsen during the course of the disease. The lack of systematic improvement of these non-motor features by dopamine replacement therapy underlines their multifactorial origin, with an involvement of monoaminergic and cholinergic systems, as well as alpha-synuclein pathology in frontal and limbic cortical circuits. Here we describe mood and neuropsychiatric disorders in PD and review their occurrence in rodent models of PD. Altogether, toxin-based rodent models of PD indicate a significant but non-exclusive contribution of mesencephalic dopaminergic loss in anxiety, apathy, and depressive-like behaviors, as well as in learning and memory deficits. Gene-based models display significant deficits in learning and memory, as well as executive functions, highlighting the contribution of alpha-synuclein pathology to these non-motor deficits. Collectively, neuropsychiatric and cognitive deficits are recapitulated to some extent in rodent models, providing partial but nevertheless useful options to understand the pathophysiology of non-motor symptoms and develop therapeutic options for these debilitating symptoms of PD.
Collapse
|
15
|
Knox PC, Liang D. Confirmation of age-related alterations in inhibitory control using a modified minimally delayed oculomotor response (MDOR) task. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11610. [PMID: 34178470 PMCID: PMC8214395 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable effort has been made to measure and understand the effects of ageing on inhibitory control using a range of behavioural tasks. In the minimally delayed oculomotor response (MDOR) task, participants are presented with a simple visual target step with variable target display duration (TDD), and instructed to saccade to the target not when it appears (a prosaccade response), but when it disappears (i.e., on target offset). Using this task, we recently found higher error rates and longer latencies for correct responses in older compared to younger participants. Here we have used a modified MDOR task, in which participants were presented with static placeholders identifying potential target positions (increasing spatial information), and three TDDs rather than two (reducing temporal predictability). We found that the yield of analysable trials was generally higher with this modified task and in 28 older (mean ± SD age: 65 ± 7 y) and 25 younger (26 ± 7 y) participants the total overall error rate was again higher in the older group (30 ± 18% vs. 16 ± 11%). An analysis of the temporal distribution of responses demonstrated a pronounced peak in error production around 150 ms (young) or 200 ms (old) after target onset. When we recalculated the error rate focusing on these errors, it was again significantly higher in the older group. The latency of correct responses (to offsets) was significantly increased in the older group, although much of this increase was accounted for by expected age-related visuomotor slowing. However, both latency and distribution data suggested that while older participants could generate increased levels of inhibition, they could not maintain these levels as efficiently as the younger participants. In 24 participants (15 old, 9 young) who completed both versions of the MDOR task, neither latency nor error rates differed significantly between versions. These results confirm an inhibitory control deficit in healthy older participants, and suggest that the dynamics of inhibitory control are also affected by ageing. The modified MDOR task yields more data while not altering basic performance parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul C. Knox
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Dongmei Liang
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Sports Science Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Giovannelli F, Menichetti C, Kiferle L, Raglione LM, Brotini S, Vanni P, Bacci D, Baldini M, Borgheresi A, Del Bene A, Grassi E, Guidi L, Toscani L, Volpi G, Palumbo P, Viggiano MP, Cincotta M. Impulsivity traits and awareness of motor intention in Parkinson's disease: a proof-of-concept study. Neurol Sci 2021; 43:335-340. [PMID: 34050422 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), impulsivity is still a matter of investigation. It has been hypothesized that impulsive personality traits may favour impulse control disorder (ICD) onset during dopaminergic therapy. In healthy subjects, a relationship between the awareness of motor intention and impulsive personality traits assessed by the Barratt impulsivity scale (BIS-11) has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the awareness of voluntary action and impulsivity traits in PD. METHODS Twenty-eight PD patients (stages I-III on the Hoehn and Yahr scale) underwent an impulsivity trait assessment by the BIS-11 scale and a task based on the Libet's clock. Participants were requested to perform a self-initiated movement and report the time they first feel their intention to move (W-judgement) or the time of the actual movement (M-judgement). RESULTS In patients with higher BIS-11 scores, the time lag between the W-judgement and the actual movement was significantly lower than in patients with lower BIS-11. No difference emerged in the M-judgement. CONCLUSION Data suggest that also in PD patients, the impulsive personality trait is related to a "delayed" awareness of motor intention and therefore to a shorter interval to allow a conscious "veto" of the impending action. Characterization of the temporal profile of awareness of motor intention could prove useful in identifying PD patients at risk of developing ICDs during dopaminergic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Giovannelli
- Section of Psychology - Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Unit of Neurology of Florence, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Menichetti
- Unit of Neurology of Pistoia, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Kiferle
- Unit of Neurology of Prato, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Maria Raglione
- Unit of Neurology of Florence, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefania Brotini
- Unit of Neurology of Empoli, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Vanni
- Unit of Neurology of Florence-OSMA, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Duccio Bacci
- Unit of Neurology of Florence-OSMA, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Mariella Baldini
- Unit of Neurology of Empoli, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Borgheresi
- Unit of Neurology of Florence, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Del Bene
- Unit of Neurology of Pistoia, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Grassi
- Unit of Neurology of Prato, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Leonello Guidi
- Unit of Neurology of Empoli, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Toscani
- Unit of Neurology of Florence-OSMA, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Gino Volpi
- Unit of Neurology of Pistoia, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Pasquale Palumbo
- Unit of Neurology of Prato, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Viggiano
- Section of Psychology - Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Cincotta
- Unit of Neurology of Florence, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Distinct patterns of prefrontal cortical disengagement during inhibitory control in addiction: A meta-analysis based on population characteristics. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:255-269. [PMID: 33933507 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prefrontal cortical dysfunctions underlying inhibitory control deficits in addiction are complex and likely dependent on population characteristics. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to examine alterations in brain activations during response inhibition in addicted individuals. We characterized imaging findings based on substance use status, diagnosis, substance classes, and task performance. Results revealed in those with active drug addiction hypoactivation of the left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and right middle frontal gyrus (MFG), compared with healthy controls. Weakening of the dACC and MFG activations was particularly pronounced in nicotine users, respectively. Impaired task performance was also associated with diminished MFG activation. In contrast, abstinent users did not exhibit any significant differences compared with healthy controls. Those with behavioral addictions were characterized by higher midcingulate cortical activation. Thus, the neural disengagement during response inhibition in active drug addiction was limited to a small number of prefrontal cortical regions and dependent on population characteristics. Finally, the evidence for potential normalization of hypofrontality following substance use cessation highlights the benefits of abstinence in restoring cerebral functions.
Collapse
|
18
|
Nguyen TV, Balachandran P, Muggleton NG, Liang WK, Juan CH. Dynamical EEG Indices of Progressive Motor Inhibition and Error-Monitoring. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11040478. [PMID: 33918711 PMCID: PMC8070019 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Response inhibition has been widely explored using the stop signal paradigm in the laboratory setting. However, the mechanism that demarcates attentional capture from the motor inhibition process is still unclear. Error monitoring is also involved in the stop signal task. Error responses that do not complete, i.e., partial errors, may require different error monitoring mechanisms relative to an overt error. Thus, in this study, we included a “continue go” (Cont_Go) condition to the stop signal task to investigate the inhibitory control process. To establish the finer difference in error processing (partial vs. full unsuccessful stop (USST)), a grip-force device was used in tandem with electroencephalographic (EEG), and the time-frequency characteristics were computed with Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT). Relative to Cont_Go, HHT results reveal (1) an increased beta and low gamma power for successful stop trials, indicating an electrophysiological index of inhibitory control, (2) an enhanced theta and alpha power for full USST trials that may mirror error processing. Additionally, the higher theta and alpha power observed in partial over full USST trials around 100 ms before the response onset, indicating the early detection of error and the corresponding correction process. Together, this study extends our understanding of the finer motor inhibition control and its dynamic electrophysiological mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trung Van Nguyen
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan; (T.V.N.); (P.B.); (N.G.M.); (W.-K.L.)
| | - Prasad Balachandran
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan; (T.V.N.); (P.B.); (N.G.M.); (W.-K.L.)
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Neil G. Muggleton
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan; (T.V.N.); (P.B.); (N.G.M.); (W.-K.L.)
- Cognitive Intelligence and Precision Healthcare Center, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kuang Liang
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan; (T.V.N.); (P.B.); (N.G.M.); (W.-K.L.)
- Cognitive Intelligence and Precision Healthcare Center, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Juan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan; (T.V.N.); (P.B.); (N.G.M.); (W.-K.L.)
- Cognitive Intelligence and Precision Healthcare Center, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +88-(63)-427-4738; Fax: +88-(63)-426-3502
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nguyen TV, Hsu CY, Jaiswal S, Muggleton NG, Liang WK, Juan CH. To Go or Not to Go: Degrees of Dynamic Inhibitory Control Revealed by the Function of Grip Force and Early Electrophysiological Indices. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:614978. [PMID: 33584231 PMCID: PMC7876446 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.614978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical issue in executive control is how the nervous system exerts flexibility to inhibit a prepotent response and adapt to sudden changes in the environment. In this study, force measurement was used to capture “partial” unsuccessful trials that are highly relevant in extending the current understanding of motor inhibition processing. Moreover, a modified version of the stop-signal task was used to control and eliminate potential attentional capture effects from the motor inhibition index. The results illustrate that the non-canceled force and force rate increased as a function of stop-signal delay (SSD), offering new objective indices for gauging the dynamic inhibitory process. Motor response (time and force) was a function of delay in the presentation of novel/infrequent stimuli. A larger lateralized readiness potential (LRP) amplitude in go and novel stimuli indicated an influence of the novel stimuli on central motor processing. Moreover, an early N1 component reflects an index of motor inhibition in addition to the N2 component reported in previous studies. Source analysis revealed that the activation of N2 originated from inhibitory control associated areas: the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG), pre-motor cortex, and primary motor cortex. Regarding partial responses, LRP and error-related negativity (ERNs) were associated with error correction processes, whereas the N2 component may indicate the functional overlap between inhibition and error correction. In sum, the present study has developed reliable and objective indices of motor inhibition by introducing force, force-rate and electrophysiological measures, further elucidating our understandings of dynamic motor inhibition and error correction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trung Van Nguyen
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yi Hsu
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taiwan
| | - Satish Jaiswal
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Neil G Muggleton
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taiwan.,Cognitive Intelligence and Precision Healthcare Center, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taiwan.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Kuang Liang
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Chi-Hung Juan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taiwan.,Cognitive Intelligence and Precision Healthcare Center, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
van den Wildenberg WPM, van Wouwe NC, Ridderinkhof KR, Neimat JS, Elias WJ, Bashore TR, Wylie SA. Deep-brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus improves overriding motor actions in Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2021; 402:113124. [PMID: 33422595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Findings from previous research using the classic stop-signal task indicate that the subthalamic nucleus (STN) plays an important role in the ability to inhibit motor actions. Here we extend these findings using a stop-change task that requires voluntary action override to stop an ongoing motor response and change to an alternative response. Sixteen patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 16 healthy control participants (HC) performed the stop-change task. PD patients completed the task when deep-brain stimulation (DBS) of the STN was turned on and when it was turned off. Behavioral results indicated that going, stopping, and changing latencies were shortened significantly among PD patients during STN DBS, the former two reductions replicating findings from previous DBS studies using the classic stop-signal task. The shortened go latencies observed among PD patients fell within the control range. In contrast, stopping latencies among PD patients, although reduced significantly, continued to be significantly longer than those of the HC. Like go latencies, stop-change latencies were reduced sufficiently among PD patients for them to fall within the control range, a novel finding. In conclusion, STN DBS produced a general, but differential, improvement in the ability of PD patients to override motor actions. Going, stopping, and stop-change latencies were all shortened, but only going and stop-change latencies were normalized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wery P M van den Wildenberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | - K Richard Ridderinkhof
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joseph S Neimat
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - W Jeffrey Elias
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Health Systems, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Theodore R Bashore
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; School of Psychological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA
| | - Scott A Wylie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Piras F, Vecchio D, Assogna F, Pellicano C, Ciullo V, Banaj N, Edden RAE, Pontieri FE, Piras F, Spalletta G. Cerebellar GABA Levels and Cognitive Interference in Parkinson's disease and Healthy Comparators. J Pers Med 2020; 11:jpm11010016. [PMID: 33379134 PMCID: PMC7823866 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuroanatomical and molecular substrates for cognitive impairment in Parkinson Disease (PD) are far from clear. Evidence suggests a non-dopaminergic basis, and a crucial role for cerebellum in cognitive control in PD. We investigated whether a PD cognitive marker (response inhibition) was differently controlled by g-amino butyric acid (GABA) and/or by glutamate-glutamine (Glx) levels in the cerebellum of idiopathic PD patients, and healthy comparators (HC). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of GABA/Glx (MEGA-PRESS acquisition sequence) was performed at 3 Tesla, and response inhibition assessed by the Stroop Word-Color Test (SWCT) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Linear correlations between cerebellar GABA/Glx levels, SWCT time/error interference effects and WCST perseverative errors were performed to test differences between correlation coefficients in PD and HC. Results showed that higher levels of mean cerebellar GABA were associated to SWCT increased time and error interference effects in PD, and the contrary in HC. Such effect dissociated by hemisphere, while correlation coefficients differences were significant in both right and left cerebellum. We conclude that MRS measured levels of cerebellar GABA are related in PD patients with decreased efficiency in filtering task-irrelevant information. This is crucial for developing pharmacological treatments for PD to potentially preserve cognitive functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Piras
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306/354, 00179 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (D.V.); (F.A.); (C.P.); (V.C.); (N.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Daniela Vecchio
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306/354, 00179 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (D.V.); (F.A.); (C.P.); (V.C.); (N.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesca Assogna
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306/354, 00179 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (D.V.); (F.A.); (C.P.); (V.C.); (N.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Clelia Pellicano
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306/354, 00179 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (D.V.); (F.A.); (C.P.); (V.C.); (N.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Valentina Ciullo
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306/354, 00179 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (D.V.); (F.A.); (C.P.); (V.C.); (N.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306/354, 00179 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (D.V.); (F.A.); (C.P.); (V.C.); (N.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Richard A. E. Edden
- Department of Radiology, Kennedy Krieger Institute 707 North Broadway, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Francesco E. Pontieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), “Sant’Andrea” University Hospital, via di Grottarossa 1035-1037, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306/354, 00179 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (D.V.); (F.A.); (C.P.); (V.C.); (N.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306/354, 00179 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (D.V.); (F.A.); (C.P.); (V.C.); (N.B.); (F.P.)
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 1977 Butler Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-51501575
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Scarpina F, Bruno V, Rabuffetti M, Priano L, Tagini S, Gindri P, Mauro A, Garbarini F. Drawing lines and circles in Parkinson's Disease: The lateralized symptoms interfere with the movements of the unaffected hand. Neuropsychologia 2020; 151:107718. [PMID: 33309678 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence about altered bimanual coordination has been reported in Parkinson's Disease. However, no previous study has explored such an alteration quantifying the interference effect that the trajectory of each hand might impose on the other one. Thus, in the present research, we applied the traditional Circles-Lines Coupling Task, which allowed assessing the motor coordination of the two hands, in the context of Parkinson's Disease. METHODS Thirty-six individuals affected by Parkinson's Disease were consecutively recruited and assigned to two groups according to their symptoms' lateralization. Moreover, eighteen age-matched healthy controls participated in the study. We capitalized on the Circles-Lines Coupling Task, in which the performance during incongruent movements (drawing lines with one hand and circles with the other hand) was compared with the performance during congruent movements (drawing lines with both hands). A bimanual coupling index was computed to compare the interference effect of each hand on the other one. RESULTS In healthy controls, the bimanual coupling index did not differ between the two hands. Crucially, in both groups of individuals affected by Parkinson's Disease, the less affected hand showed a significantly higher bimanual coupling index, due to the abnormal interference exerted by the most affected one, than vice versa. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlighted an altered spatial bimanual coupling in Parkinson's disease, depending on the symptoms' lateralization. We offered different explanations of our results according to the theoretical frameworks about the mechanisms subserving bimanual coordination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Scarpina
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, U.O. di Neurologia e Neuroriabilitazione, Piancavallo, VCO, Italy.
| | - Valentina Bruno
- MANIBUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Priano
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, U.O. di Neurologia e Neuroriabilitazione, Piancavallo, VCO, Italy
| | - Sofia Tagini
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, U.O. di Neurologia e Neuroriabilitazione, Piancavallo, VCO, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Mauro
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, U.O. di Neurologia e Neuroriabilitazione, Piancavallo, VCO, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
van Wouwe NC, Neimat JS, van den Wildenberg WPM, Hughes SB, Lopez AM, Phibbs FT, Schall JD, Rodriguez WJ, Bradley EB, Dawant BM, Wylie SA. Subthalamic Nucleus Subregion Stimulation Modulates Inhibitory Control. Cereb Cortex Commun 2020; 1:tgaa083. [PMID: 33381760 PMCID: PMC7750129 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often experience reductions in the proficiency to inhibit actions. The motor symptoms of PD can be effectively treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN), a key structure in the frontal-striatal network that may be directly involved in regulating inhibitory control. However, the precise role of the STN in stopping control is unclear. The STN consists of functional subterritories linked to dissociable cortical networks, although the boundaries of the subregions are still under debate. We investigated whether stimulating the dorsal and ventral subregions of the STN would show dissociable effects on ability to stop. We studied 12 PD patients with STN DBS. Patients with two adjacent contacts positioned within the bounds of the dorsal and ventral STN completed two testing sessions (OFF medication) with low amplitude stimulation (0.4 mA) at either the dorsal or ventral contacts bilaterally, while performing the stop task. Ventral, but not dorsal, DBS improved stopping latencies. Go reactions were similar between dorsal and ventral DBS STN. Stimulation in the ventral, but not dorsal, subregion of the STN improved stopping speed, confirming the involvement of the STN in stopping control and supporting the STN functional subregions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelleke C van Wouwe
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joseph S Neimat
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Wery P M van den Wildenberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1018 WS, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1001 NK, The Netherlands
| | - Shelby B Hughes
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alexander M Lopez
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Fenna T Phibbs
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Schall
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - William J Rodriguez
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Elise B Bradley
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Benoit M Dawant
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Scott A Wylie
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rawji V, Modi S, Latorre A, Rocchi L, Hockey L, Bhatia K, Joyce E, Rothwell JC, Jahanshahi M. Impaired automatic but intact volitional inhibition in primary tic disorders. Brain 2020; 143:906-919. [PMID: 32125364 PMCID: PMC7089661 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The defining character of tics is that they can be transiently suppressed by volitional effort of will, and at a behavioural level this has led to the concept that tics result from a failure of inhibition. However, this logic conflates the mechanism responsible for the production of tics with that used in suppressing them. Volitional inhibition of motor output could be increased to prevent the tic from reaching the threshold for expression, although this has been extensively investigated with conflicting results. Alternatively, automatic inhibition could prevent the initial excitation of the striatal tic focus-a hypothesis we have previously introduced. To reconcile these competing hypotheses, we examined different types of motor inhibition in a group of 19 patients with primary tic disorders and 15 healthy volunteers. We probed proactive and reactive inhibition using the conditional stop-signal task, and applied transcranial magnetic stimulation to the motor cortex, to assess movement preparation and execution. We assessed automatic motor inhibition with the masked priming task. We found that volitional movement preparation, execution and inhibition (proactive and reactive) were not impaired in tic disorders. We speculate that these mechanisms are recruited during volitional tic suppression, and that they prevent expression of the tic by inhibiting the nascent excitation released by the tic generator. In contrast, automatic inhibition was abnormal/impaired in patients with tic disorders. In the masked priming task, positive and negative compatibility effects were found for healthy controls, whereas patients with tics exhibited strong positive compatibility effects, but no negative compatibility effect indicative of impaired automatic inhibition. Patients also made more errors on the masked priming task than healthy control subjects and the types of errors were consistent with impaired automatic inhibition. Errors associated with impaired automatic inhibition were positively correlated with tic severity. We conclude that voluntary movement preparation/generation and volitional inhibition are normal in tic disorders, whereas automatic inhibition is impaired-a deficit that correlated with tic severity and thus may constitute a potential mechanism by which tics are generated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Rawji
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Sachin Modi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Anna Latorre
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Lorenzo Rocchi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Leanne Hockey
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Kailash Bhatia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Eileen Joyce
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - John C Rothwell
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Marjan Jahanshahi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Uslu A, Ergen M, Demirci H, Lohmann E, Hanagasi H, Demiralp T. Event-related potential changes due to early-onset Parkinson's disease in parkin (PARK2) gene mutation carriers and non-carriers. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:1444-1452. [PMID: 32388155 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate cognitive functions in non-demented patients with early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD), and to compare PARK2 gene mutation carriers and non-carriers by means of event-related brain potentials (ERPs). METHODS The participants comprised patients with early-onset PD (EOPD) and healthy controls (HC). Patients with EOPD were divided into two groups as carriers of known pathogenic variants of PARK2 gene (EOPD-PC) and non-carriers of genes involved in familial PD (EOPD-NC). ERP data were collected during auditory oddball and visual continuous performance test (CPT). RESULTS Both EOPD groups (EOPD-PC and EOPD-NC) displayed reduced and delayed P3 in response to oddball target and CPT NoGo. CPT Go P3 was reduced in EOPD-NC but not in EOPD-PC. Oddball target N1 was reduced and P2 was enhanced in both EOPD-PC and EOPD-NC. In both cognitive tasks, RTs were prolonged and accuracy was lower in EOPD-PC and EOPD-NC. CONCLUSIONS We found several EOPD-related neurophysiologic changes, implying impairments in cognitive functions. Pairwise comparisons between EOPD-PC and EOPD-NC revealed no significant ERP marker. SIGNIFICANCE In this study, the confounding effect of normative aging was somewhat excluded compared with many previous studies. In contrast with the many oddball studies in non-demented PD, we clearly observed reduced and prolonged P3 in early-onset PD. Our NoGo P3 findings also contribute to the limited ERP research concerning response inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Uslu
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Capa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Ergen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Atasehir 34752, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Demirci
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Capa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebba Lohmann
- Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Capa, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hasmet Hanagasi
- Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Capa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tamer Demiralp
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Capa, Istanbul, Turkey; Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory - Neuroimaging Unit, Istanbul University, 34093 Capa-Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nigrostriatal Degeneration in the Cognitive Part of the Striatum in Parkinson Disease Is Associated With Frontomedial Hypometabolism. Clin Nucl Med 2020; 45:95-99. [PMID: 31876812 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000002869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study investigated possible associations between cortical dysfunction/degeneration as measured by F-FDG PET and nigrostriatal degeneration according to the specific I-FP-CIT binding ratio (SBR) in striatal subregions defined by striato-cortical anatomical connectivity in Parkinson disease (PD) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 41 patients (61.4 ± 12.8 years) with PD-typical reduction of striatal FP-CIT SBR and no sign of atypical parkinsonian syndrome on FDG PET. FP-CIT SBR was determined separately in the cognitive (composite of executive and limbic) and sensorimotor part of the striatum according to the Oxford-GSK-Imanova Striatal Connectivity Atlas. Scaled FDG uptake was tested voxelwise for correlation with FP-CIT SBR (familywise error corrected P < 0.05). RESULTS A large cluster (17.6 mL) of significant correlation of scaled FDG uptake with FP-CIT SBR in the cognitive part of the striatum, corrected for SBR in the sensorimotor part, was detected in the bilateral medial frontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex (partial correlation coefficient R = 0.767); small clusters were detected in ipsilateral caudate and ipsilateral thalamus. There was a small contralateral occipital cluster (3.0 mL) of significant correlation between FDG uptake and sensorimotor SBR corrected for cognitive SBR (R = 0.709). CONCLUSIONS The correlation between nigrostriatal degeneration in the cognitive striatum and reduced cerebral glucose metabolism in the medial parts of the frontal cortex including the anterior cingulate suggests that nigrostriatal degeneration is specifically involved in the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits associated with medial frontal dysfunction such as impaired inhibitory control.
Collapse
|
27
|
Bentley JN, Irwin ZT, Black SD, Roach ML, Vaden RJ, Gonzalez CL, Khan AU, El-Sayed GA, Knight RT, Guthrie BL, Walker HC. Subcortical Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation (iTBS) Increases Theta-Power in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC). Front Neurosci 2020; 14:41. [PMID: 32082113 PMCID: PMC7006239 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cognitive symptoms from Parkinson’s disease cause severe disability and significantly limit quality of life. Little is known about mechanisms of cognitive impairment in PD, although aberrant oscillatory activity in basal ganglia-thalamo-prefrontal cortical circuits likely plays an important role. While continuous high-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) improves motor symptoms, it is generally ineffective for cognitive symptoms. Although we lack robust treatment options for these symptoms, recent studies with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), applying intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), suggest beneficial effects for certain aspects of cognition, such as memory or inhibitory control. While TMS is non-invasive, its results are transient and require repeated application. Subcortical DBS targets have strong reciprocal connections with prefrontal cortex, such that iTBS through the permanently implanted lead might represent a more durable solution. Here we demonstrate safety and feasibility for delivering iTBS from the DBS electrode and explore changes in DLPFC electrophysiology. Methods We enrolled seven participants with medically refractory Parkinson’s disease who underwent DBS surgery targeting either the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or globus pallidus interna (GPi). We temporarily placed an electrocorticography strip over DLPFC through the DBS burr hole. After placement of the DBS electrode into either GPi (n = 3) or STN (n = 4), awake subjects rested quietly during iTBS (three 50-Hz pulses delivered at 5 Hz for 2 s, followed by 8 s of rest). We contrasted power spectra in DLPFC local field potentials during iTBS versus at rest, as well as between iTBS and conventional high-frequency stimulation (HFS). Results Dominant frequencies in DLPFC at rest varied among subjects and along the subdural strip electrode, though they were generally localized in theta (3–8 Hz) and/or beta (10–30 Hz) ranges. Both iTBS and HFS were well-tolerated and imperceptible. iTBS increased theta-frequency activity more than HFS. Further, GPi stimulation resulted in significantly greater theta-power versus STN stimulation in our sample. Conclusion Acute subcortical iTBS from the DBS electrode was safe and well-tolerated. This novel stimulation pattern delivered from the GPi may increase theta-frequency power in ipsilateral DLPFC. Future studies will confirm these changes in DLPFC activity during iTBS and evaluate whether they are associated with improvements in cognitive or behavioral symptoms from PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Nicole Bentley
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Zachary T Irwin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sarah D Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Megan L Roach
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ryan J Vaden
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christopher L Gonzalez
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Anas U Khan
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Galal A El-Sayed
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Robert T Knight
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Barton L Guthrie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Harrison C Walker
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hughes S, Claassen DO, van den Wildenberg WPM, Phibbs FT, Bradley EB, Wylie SA, van Wouwe NC. Action Control Deficits in Patients With Essential Tremor. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2019; 25:156-164. [PMID: 30501660 PMCID: PMC6374198 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617718001054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Essential tremor (ET) is a movement disorder characterized by action tremor which impacts motor execution. Given the disrupted cerebellar-thalamo-cortical networks in ET, we hypothesized that ET could interfere with the control mechanisms involved in regulating motor performance. The ability to inhibit or stop actions is critical for navigating many daily life situations such as driving or social interactions. The current study investigated the speed of action initiation and two forms of action control, response stopping and proactive slowing in ET. METHODS Thirty-three ET patients and 25 healthy controls (HCs) completed a choice reaction task and a stop-signal task, and measures of going speed, proactive slowing and stop latencies were assessed. RESULTS Going speed was significantly slower in ET patients (649 ms) compared to HCs (526 ms; F(1,56) = 42.37; p <.001; η 2 = .43), whereas proactive slowing did not differ between groups. ET patients exhibited slower stop signal reaction times (320 ms) compared to HCs (258 ms, F(1,56) = 15.3; p <.00; η 2 = .22) and more severe motor symptoms of ET were associated with longer stopping latencies in a subset of patients (Spearman rho = .48; p <.05). CONCLUSIONS In line with previous studies, ET patients showed slower action initiation. Additionally, inhibitory control was impaired whereas proactive slowing remained intact relative to HCs. More severe motor symptoms of ET were associated with slower stopping speed, and may reflect more progressive changes to the cerebellar-thalamo-cortical network. Future imaging studies should specify which structural and functional changes in ET can explain changes in inhibitory action control. (JINS, 2019, 25, 156-164).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Hughes
- 1Department of Neurology,Vanderbilt University Medical Center,Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel O Claassen
- 1Department of Neurology,Vanderbilt University Medical Center,Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Fenna T Phibbs
- 1Department of Neurology,Vanderbilt University Medical Center,Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Elise B Bradley
- 1Department of Neurology,Vanderbilt University Medical Center,Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Scott A Wylie
- 2Department of Neurosurgery,University of Louisville,Louisville, Kentucky, Tennessee
| | - Nelleke C van Wouwe
- 1Department of Neurology,Vanderbilt University Medical Center,Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Trujillo P, van Wouwe NC, Lin YC, Stark AJ, Petersen KJ, Kang H, Zald DH, Donahue MJ, Claassen DO. Dopamine effects on frontal cortical blood flow and motor inhibition in Parkinson's disease. Cortex 2019; 115:99-111. [PMID: 30776736 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by dysfunction in frontal cortical and striatal networks that regulate action control. We investigated the pharmacological effect of dopamine agonist replacement therapy on frontal cortical activity and motor inhibition. Using Arterial Spin Labeling MRI, we examined 26 PD patients in the off- and on-dopamine agonist medication states to assess the effect of dopamine agonists on frontal cortical regional cerebral blood flow. Motor inhibition was measured by the Simon task in both medication states. We applied the dual process activation suppression model to dissociate fast response impulses from motor inhibition of incorrect responses. General linear regression model analyses determined the medication effect on regional cerebral blood flow and motor inhibition, and the relationship between regional cerebral blood flow and motor inhibitory proficiency. We show that dopamine agonist administration increases frontal cerebral blood flow, particularly in the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Higher regional blood flow in the pre-SMA, DLPFC and motor cortex was associated with better inhibitory control, suggesting that treatments which improve frontal cortical activity could ameliorate motor inhibition deficiency in PD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Trujillo
- Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Ya-Chen Lin
- Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Adam J Stark
- Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kalen J Petersen
- Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hakmook Kang
- Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David H Zald
- Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Manus J Donahue
- Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel O Claassen
- Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mancini C, Modugno N, Santilli M, Pavone L, Grillea G, Morace R, Mirabella G. Unilateral Stimulation of Subthalamic Nucleus Does Not Affect Inhibitory Control. Front Neurol 2019; 9:1149. [PMID: 30666229 PMCID: PMC6330317 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the relevance of inhibitory control in shaping our behavior its neural substrates are still hotly debated. In this regard, it has been suggested that inhibitory control relies upon a right-lateralized network which involves the right subthalamic nucleus (STN). To assess the role of STN, we took advantage of a relatively rare model, i.e., advanced Parkinson's patients who received unilateral deep-brain stimulation (DBS) of the STN either of the left (n = 10) or of the right (n = 10) hemisphere. We gave them a stop-signal reaching task, and we compared patients' performance in two experimental conditions, DBS-ON and DBS-OFF. In addition, we also tested 22 age-matched healthy participants. As expected, we found that inhibitory control is impaired in Parkinson's patients with respect to healthy participants. However, neither reactive nor proactive inhibition is improved when either the right or the left DBS is active. We interpreted these findings in light of the fact that previous studies, exploiting exactly the same task, have shown that only bilateral STN DBS restores a near-normal inhibitory control. Thus, although null results have to be interpreted with caution, our current findings confirm that the right STN does not play a key role in suppressing pending actions. However, on the ground of previous studies, it is very likely that this subcortical structure is part of the brain network subserving inhibition but to implement this executive function both subthalamic nuclei must be simultaneously active. Our findings are of significance to other researchers studying the effects of STN DBS on key executive functions, such as impulsivity and inhibition and they are also of clinical relevance for determining the therapeutic benefits of STN DBS as they suggest that, at least as far as inhibitory control is concerned, it is better to implant DBS bilaterally than unilaterally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mancini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Giovanni Mirabella
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Harrington DL, Shen Q, Theilmann RJ, Castillo GN, Litvan I, Filoteo JV, Huang M, Lee RR. Altered Functional Interactions of Inhibition Regions in Cognitively Normal Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:331. [PMID: 30405399 PMCID: PMC6206214 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficient inhibitory control in Parkinson's disease (PD) is often observed in situations requiring inhibition of impulsive or prepotent behaviors. Although activation of the right-hemisphere frontal-basal ganglia response inhibition network is partly altered in PD, disturbances in interactions of these regions are poorly understood, especially in patients without cognitive impairment. The present study investigated context-dependent connectivity of response inhibition regions in PD patients with normal cognition and control participants who underwent fMRI while performing a stop signal task. PD participants were tested off antiparkinsonian medication. To determine if functional disturbances depended on underlying brain structure, aberrant connectivity was correlated with brain volume and white-matter tissue diffusivity. We found no group differences in response inhibition proficiency. Yet the PD group showed functional reorganization in the long-range connectivity of inhibition regions, despite preserved within network connectivity. Successful inhibition in PD differed from the controls by strengthened connectivity of cortical regions, namely the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, pre-supplementary motor area and right caudal inferior frontal gyrus, largely with ventral and dorsal attention regions, but also the substantia nigra and default mode network regions. Successful inhibition in controls was distinguished by strengthened connectivity of the right rostral inferior frontal gyrus and subcortical inhibition nodes (right caudate, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus). In both groups, the strength of context-dependent connectivity correlated with various indices of response inhibition performance. Mechanisms that may underlie aberrantly stronger context-specific connectivity include reduced coherence within reorganized systems, compensatory mechanisms, and/or the reorganization of intrinsic networks. In PD, but not controls, abnormally strengthened connectivity was linked to individual differences in underlying brain volumes and tissue diffusivity, despite no group differences in structural variables. The pattern of structural-functional associations suggested that subtle decreases in tissue diffusivity of underlying tracts and posterior cortical volumes may undermine the enhancement of normal cortical-striatal connectivity or cause strengthening in cortical-cortical connectivity. These novel findings demonstrate that functionally reorganized interactions of inhibition regions predates the development of inhibition deficits and clinically significant cognitive impairment in PD. We speculate that altered interactions of inhibition regions with attention-related networks and the dopaminergic system may presage future decline in inhibitory control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L. Harrington
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Laboratory, Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Qian Shen
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Laboratory, Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Theilmann
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Gabriel N. Castillo
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Laboratory, Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Irene Litvan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - J. Vincent Filoteo
- Psychology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mingxiong Huang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Radiology, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Roland R. Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Radiology, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pläschke RN, Cieslik EC, Müller VI, Hoffstaedter F, Plachti A, Varikuti DP, Goosses M, Latz A, Caspers S, Jockwitz C, Moebus S, Gruber O, Eickhoff CR, Reetz K, Heller J, Südmeyer M, Mathys C, Caspers J, Grefkes C, Kalenscher T, Langner R, Eickhoff SB. Corrigendum to "On the integrity of functional brain networks in schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and advanced age: Evidence from connectivity-based single-subject classification.". Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:4633-4635. [PMID: 30304584 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
33
|
Servant M, van Wouwe N, Wylie SA, Logan GD. A model-based quantification of action control deficits in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 2018; 111:26-35. [PMID: 29360609 PMCID: PMC5916758 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Basal ganglia dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) is thought to generate deficits in action control, but the characterization of these deficits have been qualitative rather than quantitative. Patients with PD typically show prolonged response times on tasks that instantiate a conflict between goal-directed processing and automatic response tendencies. In the Simon task, for example, the irrelevant location of the stimulus automatically activates a corresponding lateralized response, generating a potential conflict with goal-directed choices. We applied a new computational model of conflict processing to two sets of behavioral data from the Simon task to quantify the effects of PD and dopaminergic (DA) medication on action control mechanisms. Compared to healthy controls (HC) matched in age gender and education, patients with PD showed a deficit in goal-directed processing, and the magnitude of this deficit positively correlated with cognitive symptoms. Analyses of the time-course of the location-based automatic activation yielded mixed findings. In both datasets, we found that the peak amplitude of the automatic activation was similar between PD and HC, demonstrating a similar degree of response capture. However, PD patients showed a prolonged automatic activation in only one dataset. This discrepancy was resolved by theoretical analyses of conflict resolution in the Simon task. The reduction of interference generated by the automatic activation appears to be driven by a mixture of passive decay and top-down inhibitory control, the contribution of each component being modulated by task demands. Our results suggest that PD selectively impairs the inhibitory control component, a deficit likely remediated by DA medication. This work advances our understanding of action control deficits in PD, and illustrates the benefit of using computational models to quantitatively measure cognitive processes in clinical populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Servant
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, United States.
| | | | - Scott A Wylie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, United States
| | - Gordon D Logan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Manza P, Schwartz G, Masson M, Kann S, Volkow ND, Li CSR, Leung HC. Levodopa improves response inhibition and enhances striatal activation in early-stage Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 66:12-22. [PMID: 29501966 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic medications improve the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), but their effect on response inhibition, a critical executive function, remains unclear. Previous studies primarily enrolled patients in more advanced stages of PD, when dopaminergic medication loses efficacy, and patients were typically on multiple medications. Here, we recruited 21 patients in early-stage PD on levodopa monotherapy and 37 age-matched controls to perform the stop-signal task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. In contrast to previous studies reporting null effects in more advanced PD, levodopa significantly improved response inhibition performance in our sample. No significant group differences were found in brain activations to pure motor inhibition or error processing (stop success vs. error trials). However, relative to controls, the PD group showed weaker striatal activations to salient events (infrequent vs. frequent events: stop vs. go trials) and fronto-striatal task-residual functional connectivity; both were restored with levodopa. Thus, levodopa appears to improve an important executive function in early-stage PD via enhanced salient signal processing, shedding new light on the role of dopaminergic signaling in response inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Manza
- Department of Psychology, Integrative Neuroscience Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Guy Schwartz
- Department of Neurology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Mala Masson
- Department of Psychology, Integrative Neuroscience Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Kann
- Department of Psychology, Integrative Neuroscience Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hoi-Chung Leung
- Department of Psychology, Integrative Neuroscience Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yang XQ, Lauzon B, Seergobin KN, MacDonald PA. Dopaminergic Therapy Increases Go Timeouts in the Go/No-Go Task in Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 11:642. [PMID: 29354045 PMCID: PMC5758505 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by resting tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia. Dopaminergic medications such as L-dopa treat these motor symptoms, but can have complex effects on cognition. Impulse control is an essential cognitive function. Impulsivity is multifaceted in nature. Motor impulsivity involves the inability to withhold pre-potent, automatic, erroneous responses. In contrast, cognitive impulsivity refers to improper risk-reward assessment guiding behavior. Informed by our previous research, we anticipated that dopaminergic therapy would decrease motor impulsivity though it is well known to enhance cognitive impulsivity. We employed the Go/No-go paradigm to assess motor impulsivity in PD. Patients with PD were tested using a Go/No-go task on and off their normal dopaminergic medication. Participants completed cognitive, mood, and physiological measures. PD patients on medication had a significantly higher proportion of Go trial Timeouts (i.e., trials in which Go responses were not completed prior to a deadline of 750 ms) compared to off medication (p = 0.01). No significant ON-OFF differences were found for Go trial or No-go trial response times (RTs), or for number of No-go errors. We interpret that dopaminergic therapy induces a more conservative response set, reflected in Go trial Timeouts in PD patients. In this way, dopaminergic therapy decreased motor impulsivity in PD patients. This is in contrast to the widely recognized effects of dopaminergic therapy on cognitive impulsivity leading in some patients to impulse control disorders. Understanding the nuanced effects of dopaminergic treatment in PD on cognitive functions such as impulse control will clarify therapeutic decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Q. Yang
- MacDonald Lab, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Lauzon
- MacDonald Lab, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ken N. Seergobin
- MacDonald Lab, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Penny A. MacDonald
- MacDonald Lab, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|