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Kheirouri S, Alizadeh M, Keramati M. High use of non-hydrogenated plant source oils and mayonnaise sauce increase the risk of Parkinson disease. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:849-856. [PMID: 37997257 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2277974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the contribution of edible/cooking oils and mayonnaise sauce in the severity, motor and non-motor symptoms, and risk of Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods: In this study, 120 patients with PD and 50 healthy individuals participated. The frequency and quantity of edible/cooking oils including animal and plant source oils (hydrogenated and nonhydrogenated) and mayonnaise sauce used by participants were determined using a food frequency questionnaire. The severity of PD was determined by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS).Results: Patients with PD had lower use of hydrogenated plant-based oil (HPO) (p < 0.001) and animal oils (p < 0.001) but had higher use of non-hydrogenated plant-based oil (NHPO) (p < 0.001), olive oil (p = 0.02), and mayonnaise sauce (p < 0.001) compared with the healthy subjects. Use of each unit HPO reduced 4% the odds of PD (p = 0.01). The odds of PD increased 20% by each unit increase in NHPO usage (p = 0.001), 49% by olive oil (p = 0.02), and 127% by mayonnaise sauce (p = 0.004) intake. According to receiver operator characteristics curve analysis, mayonnaise sauce and NHPO had the largest area under the curve in predicting PD. Intake of animal oil was positively correlated with total score of UPDRS (p = 0.05) and motor symptoms (p = 0.04). Intake of butter was positively correlated with total score of UPDRS (p = 0.047), nonmotor aspects of experiences of daily living (p = 0.02), and motor examination (p = 0.02).Discussion: The findings indicate that high intake of HPO reduces, while high intake of NHPO, olive oil, and mayonnaise sauce increases the odds of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorayya Kheirouri
- Department of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Keramati
- Department of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Bhardwaj K, Singh AA, Kumar H. Unveiling the Journey from the Gut to the Brain: Decoding Neurodegeneration-Gut Connection in Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2454-2469. [PMID: 38896463 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease, a classical motor disorder affecting the dopaminergic system of the brain, has been as a disease of the brain, but this classical notion has now been viewed differently as the pathology begins in the gut and then gradually moves up to the brain regions. The microorganisms in the gut play a critical role in maintaining the physiology of the gut from maintaining barrier integrity to secretion of microbial products that maintain a healthy gut state. The pathology subsequently alters the normal composition of gut microbes and causes deleterious effects that ultimately trigger strong neuroinflammation and nonmotor symptoms along with characteristic synucleopathy, a pathological hallmark of the disease. Understanding the complex pathomechanisms in distinct and established preclinical models is the primary goal of researchers to decipher how exactly gut pathology has a central effect; the quest has led to many answered and some open-ended questions for researchers. We summarize the popular opinions and some contrasting views, concise footsteps in the treatment strategies targeting the gastrointestinal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Opposite Air force station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355 Gujarat, India
| | - Aditya A Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Opposite Air force station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355 Gujarat, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Opposite Air force station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355 Gujarat, India
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Yoon HJ, Kang W, Jo S, Hwang YS, Lee JH, Chung SJ, Park YK. Dietary quality and the gut microbiome in early-stage Parkinson's disease patients. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:761-769. [PMID: 37711026 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2253025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) has increased steadily with the increase of the elderly population. PD may influence dietary intake and quality, and the gut microbiome composition. The present study examined differences in dietary intake and quality between PD patients and controls according to sex. In addition, we assessed the gut microbiome composition. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at A Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea. PD severity, swallowing function, olfactory function, and constipation status were examined by a skilled nurse. Dietary data were collected through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Stool samples were subjected to microbiome analysis. To examine dietary quality, the Dietary Quality Index-International (DQI-I), Healthy Eating Index (HEI), Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ), Dietary Diversity Score (DDS), and Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) were used. An independent t-test was used to determine differences between patients and controls. A chi-square test was used to examine frequency differences. RESULTS Dietary intake did not differ between the PD patient and control groups. Regarding dietary quality, the patients consumed more saturated fat compared to controls. Overall, the dietary differences between the groups were minor. The composition of the gut microbiome differed between PD patients and controls. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genus were most abundant in PD patients. Prevotella VZCB and other Faecalibacterium were most abundant in controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that PD patients may experience gut microbiome change even in the early stage, while nutritional needs can be met when a balanced diet including various food groups are consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Yoon
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Woorim Kang
- Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Drug Development, Development center, CJ Bioscience Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungyang Jo
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Su Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je Hee Lee
- Department of Drug Development, Development center, CJ Bioscience Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Ju Chung
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoo Kyoung Park
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
- Department of Medical Nutrition (AgeTech-Service Convergence Major), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
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Lyra P, Botelho J, Rota S, Poplawska-Domaszewicz K, Machado V, Guerreiro D, Proença L, Barroso H, Mendes JJ, Chaudhuri KR. Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy's Influence on Alpha-Synuclein and Inflammatory Marker Levels: A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3586. [PMID: 38930115 PMCID: PMC11204787 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Microbial dysbiosis may contribute to alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) homeostasis disruption, yet the burden of inflammatory periodontal infection and its treatment have never been studied in this regard. We aimed to compare the cytokine and α-Syn levels in the saliva and blood of patients with periodontitis who underwent non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) and those of their healthy counterparts. Methods: Periodontal examination and saliva and blood sample collection were carried out in incoming patients at a university clinic. The periodontitis group (PG) received NSPT. The sample collection and periodontal observation were repeated 30 days after. IL-6, IL1-β and total α-Syn were quantified using immunoassay methods. The periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) was calculated as a proxy for periodontal inflammation. Results: Eleven participants formed the PG, and there were fifteen healthy controls (HC). At baseline, no correlation between salivary and plasma α-Syn was found. The salivary α-Syn levels revealed a tendency to decrease 30 days after, particularly in the PD cases. The variation in PISA and α-Syn showed significant correlation. Salivary α-Syn correlated negatively with salivary IL-6 levels at both timepoints in the total sample (rho = -0.394 and rho = -0.451) and in the HC (rho = -0.632 and rho = -0.561). Variations in plasma IL-6 and α-Syn were negatively correlated (rho = -0.518) in the healthy participants. Baseline plasma IL1-β negatively correlated with plasmatic α-Syn at 30 days in the HC (rho = -0.581). Conclusions: Salivary and plasma α-Syn bioavailability operate independently, and periodontal diagnosis was not a confounding factor. Salivary α-Syn levels were significantly affected by NSPT, contrary to plasma levels. These results should be confirmed in future larger and prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Lyra
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (P.L.); (J.B.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (L.P.); (H.B.)
| | - João Botelho
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (P.L.); (J.B.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (L.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Silvia Rota
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (S.R.); (K.R.C.)
- Parkinson’s Foundation Center of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK;
| | - Karolina Poplawska-Domaszewicz
- Parkinson’s Foundation Center of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK;
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Vanessa Machado
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (P.L.); (J.B.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (L.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Daniela Guerreiro
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (P.L.); (J.B.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (L.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Luís Proença
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (P.L.); (J.B.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (L.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Helena Barroso
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (P.L.); (J.B.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (L.P.); (H.B.)
| | - José João Mendes
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (P.L.); (J.B.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (L.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Kallol Ray Chaudhuri
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (S.R.); (K.R.C.)
- Parkinson’s Foundation Center of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK;
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Nishiwaki H, Ueyama J, Ito M, Hamaguchi T, Takimoto K, Maeda T, Kashihara K, Tsuboi Y, Mori H, Kurokawa K, Katsuno M, Hirayama M, Ohno K. Meta-analysis of shotgun sequencing of gut microbiota in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:106. [PMID: 38773112 PMCID: PMC11109112 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify gut microbial features in Parkinson's disease (PD) across countries by meta-analyzing our fecal shotgun sequencing dataset of 94 PD patients and 73 controls in Japan with five previously reported datasets from USA, Germany, China1, China2, and Taiwan. GC-MS and LC-MS/MS assays were established to quantify fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and fecal polyamines, respectively. α-Diversity was increased in PD across six datasets. Taxonomic analysis showed that species Akkermansia muciniphila was increased in PD, while species Roseburia intestinalis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were decreased in PD. Pathway analysis showed that genes in the biosyntheses of riboflavin and biotin were markedly decreased in PD after adjusting for confounding factors. Five out of six categories in carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were decreased in PD. Metabolomic analysis of our fecal samples revealed that fecal SCFAs and polyamines were significantly decreased in PD. Genes in the riboflavin and biotin biosyntheses were positively correlated with the fecal concentrations of SCFAs and polyamines. Bacteria that accounted for the decreased riboflavin biosynthesis in Japan, the USA, and Germany were different from those in China1, China2, and Taiwan. Similarly, different bacteria accounted for decreased biotin biosynthesis in the two country groups. We postulate that decreased SCFAs and polyamines reduce the intestinal mucus layer, which subsequently facilitates the formation of abnormal α-synuclein fibrils in the intestinal neural plexus in PD, and also cause neuroinflammation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nishiwaki
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Jun Ueyama
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mikako Ito
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomonari Hamaguchi
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiichi Takimoto
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Maeda
- Division of Neurology and Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | | | - Yoshio Tsuboi
- Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mori
- Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Ken Kurokawa
- Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hirayama
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan.
| | - Kinji Ohno
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
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Verhoeff MC, Raphael KG, Lobbezoo F. A personal exploration of oral health in Parkinson's disease through the eyes of a multifaceted authority. J Oral Rehabil 2024. [PMID: 38769786 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Parkinson's disease (PD) poses a range of challenges, including oral health issues, that significantly impact the patient's quality of life. Despite growing awareness of PD, oral health receives limited attention. To shed light on this matter, this personal scoping review explores the perspectives of Professor K.G. Raphael, who is both a professional and a PD patient, on various aspects of oral health in PD. METHODS Through semi-structured interviews, Prof. Raphael shares her insights on the complexities of oral health as a PD patient to compose an agenda for oral health care, research, and education, for PD patients. RESULTS She emphasises the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and education. Additionally, Prof. Raphael identifies crucial research areas, such as exploring the role of the oral microbiome and assessing the impact of exercise on oral health in PD. CONCLUSION This study resulted in agendas to improve oral health care, research and education, advocating for a holistic approach to enhance PD patients' well-being. Despite its limitations, this study highlights the imperative of integrating oral health into the broader management of PD, emphasising interdisciplinary collaboration and patient empowerment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel C Verhoeff
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karen G Raphael
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Frank Lobbezoo
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Alagiakrishnan K, Morgadinho J, Halverson T. Approach to the diagnosis and management of dysbiosis. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1330903. [PMID: 38706561 PMCID: PMC11069313 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1330903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
All microorganisms like bacteria, viruses and fungi that reside within a host environment are considered a microbiome. The number of bacteria almost equal that of human cells, however, the genome of these bacteria may be almost 100 times larger than the human genome. Every aspect of the physiology and health can be influenced by the microbiome living in various parts of our body. Any imbalance in the microbiome composition or function is seen as dysbiosis. Different types of dysbiosis are seen and the corresponding symptoms depend on the site of microbial imbalance. The contribution of the intestinal and extra-intestinal microbiota to influence systemic activities is through interplay between different axes. Whole body dysbiosis is a complex process involving gut microbiome and non-gut related microbiome. It is still at the stage of infancy and has not yet been fully understood. Dysbiosis can be influenced by genetic factors, lifestyle habits, diet including ultra-processed foods and food additives, as well as medications. Dysbiosis has been associated with many systemic diseases and cannot be diagnosed through standard blood tests or investigations. Microbiota derived metabolites can be analyzed and can be useful in the management of dysbiosis. Whole body dysbiosis can be addressed by altering lifestyle factors, proper diet and microbial modulation. The effect of these interventions in humans depends on the beneficial microbiome alteration mostly based on animal studies with evolving evidence from human studies. There is tremendous potential for the human microbiome in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases, as well as, for the monitoring of health and disease in humans. Whole body system-based approach to the diagnosis of dysbiosis is better than a pure taxonomic approach. Whole body dysbiosis could be a new therapeutic target in the management of various health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joao Morgadinho
- Kaye Edmonton Clinic, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tyler Halverson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Kim GH, Kim BR, Yoon HJ, Jeong JH. Alterations in Gut Microbiota and Their Correlation with Brain Beta-Amyloid Burden Measured by 18F-Florbetaben PET in Mild Cognitive Impairment Due to Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1944. [PMID: 38610709 PMCID: PMC11012963 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13071944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study investigated changes in the gut microbial composition of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their relationship with positron emission tomography (PET) amyloid accumulation. (2) Methods: In total, 17 cognitively normal individuals without amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation (Aβ-NC) and 24 with Aβ-positive mild cognitive impairment (Aβ+MCI) who underwent 18F-florbetaben PET and fecal bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing were enrolled. The taxonomic compositions of the Aβ-NC and Aβ+MCI groups were compared. The abundance of taxa was correlated with the standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR), using generalized linear models. (3) Results: There were significant differences in microbiome richness (ACE, p = 0.034 and Chao1, p = 0.024), alpha diversity (Shannon, p = 0.039), and beta diversity (Bray-Curtis, p = 0.018 and Generalized UniFrac, p = 0.034) between the Aβ-NC and Aβ+MCI groups. The global SUVR was positively correlated with the genus Intestinibacter (q = 0.006) and negatively correlated with the genera Roseburia (q = 0.008) and Agathobaculum (q = 0.029). (4) Conclusions: In this study, we identified significant changes in the gut microbiota composition that occur in individuals with MCI due to AD. In particular, the correlation analysis results between PET amyloid burden and gut microbial abundance showed that amyloid deposition is associated with a reduction in specific taxa involved in butyrate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon Ha Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bori R. Kim
- Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hai-Jeon Yoon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyang Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea;
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Manjarres Z, Calvo M, Pacheco R. Regulation of Pain Perception by Microbiota in Parkinson Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 76:7-36. [PMID: 37863655 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain perception involves current stimulation in peripheral nociceptive nerves and the subsequent stimulation of postsynaptic excitatory neurons in the spinal cord. Importantly, in chronic pain, the neural activity of both peripheral nociceptors and postsynaptic neurons in the central nervous system is influenced by several inflammatory mediators produced by the immune system. Growing evidence has indicated that the commensal microbiota plays an active role in regulating pain perception by either acting directly on nociceptors or indirectly through the modulation of the inflammatory activity on immune cells. This symbiotic relationship is mediated by soluble bacterial mediators or intrinsic structural components of bacteria that act on eukaryotic cells, including neurons, microglia, astrocytes, macrophages, T cells, enterochromaffin cells, and enteric glial cells. The molecular mechanisms involve bacterial molecules that act directly on neurons, affecting their excitability, or indirectly on non-neuronal cells, inducing changes in the production of proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory mediators. Importantly, Parkinson disease, a neurodegenerative and inflammatory disorder that affects mainly the dopaminergic neurons implicated in the control of voluntary movements, involves not only a motor decline but also nonmotor symptomatology, including chronic pain. Of note, several recent studies have shown that Parkinson disease involves a dysbiosis in the composition of the gut microbiota. In this review, we first summarize, integrate, and classify the molecular mechanisms implicated in the microbiota-mediated regulation of chronic pain. Second, we analyze the changes on the commensal microbiota associated to Parkinson disease and propose how these changes affect the development of chronic pain in this pathology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The microbiota regulates chronic pain through the action of bacterial signals into two main locations: the peripheral nociceptors and the postsynaptic excitatory neurons in the spinal cord. The dysbiosis associated to Parkinson disease reveals increased representation of commensals that potentially exacerbate chronic pain and reduced levels of bacteria with beneficial effects on pain. This review encourages further research to better understand the signals involved in bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host communication to get the clues for the development of probiotics with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulmary Manjarres
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., R.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (Z.M., M.C.) and División de Anestesiología, Escuela de Medicina (M.C.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., M.C.); and Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile (R.P.)
| | - Margarita Calvo
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., R.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (Z.M., M.C.) and División de Anestesiología, Escuela de Medicina (M.C.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., M.C.); and Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile (R.P.)
| | - Rodrigo Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., R.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (Z.M., M.C.) and División de Anestesiología, Escuela de Medicina (M.C.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., M.C.); and Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile (R.P.)
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Claudino Dos Santos JC, Oliveira LF, Noleto FM, Gusmão CTP, Brito GADC, Viana GSDB. Gut-microbiome-brain axis: the crosstalk between the vagus nerve, alpha-synuclein and the brain in Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2611-2614. [PMID: 37449597 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.373673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This critical review of the literature shows that there is a close link between the microbiome, the gut, and the brain in Parkinson's disease. The vagus nerve, the main component of the parasympathetic nervous system, is involved in the regulation of immune response, digestion, heart rate, and control of mood. It can detect microbiota metabolites through its afferents, transferring this gut information to the central nervous system. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown the important role played by the gut microbiome and gut-related factors in disease development and progression, as well as treatment responses. These findings suggest that the gut microbiome may be a valuable target for new therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease. More studies are needed to better understand the underlying biology and how this axis can be modulated for the patient's benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio César Claudino Dos Santos
- Christus University Center - UNICHRISTUS, Fortaleza; Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Federal University of Ceará - UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Gerly Anne de Castro Brito
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Federal University of Ceará - UFC; Physiology and Pharmacology Department of the Federal University of Ceará - UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, Fortaleza
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Bai XB, Xu S, Zhou LJ, Meng XQ, Li YL, Chen YL, Jiang YH, Lin WZ, Chen BY, Du LJ, Tian GC, Liu Y, Duan SZ, Zhu YQ. Oral pathogens exacerbate Parkinson's disease by promoting Th1 cell infiltration in mice. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:254. [PMID: 37978405 PMCID: PMC10655362 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01685-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common chronic neurological disorder with a high risk of disability and no cure. Periodontitis is an infectious bacterial disease occurring in periodontal supporting tissues. Studies have shown that periodontitis is closely related to PD. However, direct evidence of the effect of periodontitis on PD is lacking. Here, we demonstrated that ligature-induced periodontitis with application of subgingival plaque (LIP-SP) exacerbated motor dysfunction, microglial activation, and dopaminergic neuron loss in 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mice. RESULTS The 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that LIP-SP induced oral and gut dysbiosis. Particularly, Veillonella parvula (V. parvula) and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) from oral ligatures were increased in the fecal samples of MPTP + LIP-SP treated mice. We further demonstrated that V. parvula and S. mutans played crucial roles in LIP-SP mediated exacerbation of motor dysfunction and neurodegeneration in PD mice. V. parvula and S. mutans caused microglial activation in the brain, as well as T helper 1 (Th1) cells infiltration in the brain, cervical lymph nodes, ileum and colon in PD mice. Moreover, we observed a protective effect of IFNγ neutralization on dopaminergic neurons in V. parvula- and S. mutans-treated PD mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that oral pathogens V. parvula and S. mutans necessitate the existence of periodontitis to exacerbate motor dysfunction and neurodegeneration in MPTP-induced PD mice. The underlying mechanisms include alterations of oral and gut microbiota, along with immune activation in both brain and peripheral regions. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Bing Bai
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Lu-Jun Zhou
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Meng
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yu-Lin Li
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yan-Lin Chen
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yi-Han Jiang
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Wen-Zhen Lin
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Bo-Yan Chen
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Lin-Juan Du
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Guo-Cai Tian
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- National Center for Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Ya-Qin Zhu
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- National Center for Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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12
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Meslier V, Menozzi E, David A, Morabito C, Lucas Del Pozo S, Famechon A, North J, Quinquis B, Koletsi S, Macnaughtan J, Mezabrovschi R, Ehrlich SD, Schapira AHV, Almeida M. Evaluation of an Adapted Semi-Automated DNA Extraction for Human Salivary Shotgun Metagenomics. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1505. [PMID: 37892187 PMCID: PMC10604855 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent attention has highlighted the importance of oral microbiota in human health and disease, e.g., in Parkinson's disease, notably using shotgun metagenomics. One key aspect for efficient shotgun metagenomic analysis relies on optimal microbial sampling and DNA extraction, generally implementing commercial solutions developed to improve sample collection and preservation, and provide high DNA quality and quantity for downstream analysis. As metagenomic studies are today performed on a large number of samples, the next evolution to increase study throughput is with DNA extraction automation. In this study, we proposed a semi-automated DNA extraction protocol for human salivary samples collected with a commercial kit, and compared the outcomes with the DNA extraction recommended by the manufacturer. While similar DNA yields were observed between the protocols, our semi-automated DNA protocol generated significantly higher DNA fragment sizes. Moreover, we showed that the oral microbiome composition was equivalent between DNA extraction methods, even at the species level. This study demonstrates that our semi-automated protocol is suitable for shotgun metagenomic analysis, while allowing for improved sample treatment logistics with reduced technical variability and without compromising the structure of the oral microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Meslier
- MetaGenoPolis, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France (C.M.)
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA (S.K.); (R.M.); (S.D.E.)
| | - Elisa Menozzi
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA (S.K.); (R.M.); (S.D.E.)
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Aymeric David
- MetaGenoPolis, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France (C.M.)
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA (S.K.); (R.M.); (S.D.E.)
| | - Christian Morabito
- MetaGenoPolis, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France (C.M.)
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA (S.K.); (R.M.); (S.D.E.)
| | - Sara Lucas Del Pozo
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA (S.K.); (R.M.); (S.D.E.)
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alexandre Famechon
- MetaGenoPolis, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France (C.M.)
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA (S.K.); (R.M.); (S.D.E.)
| | - Janet North
- Research Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Benoit Quinquis
- MetaGenoPolis, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France (C.M.)
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA (S.K.); (R.M.); (S.D.E.)
| | - Sofia Koletsi
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA (S.K.); (R.M.); (S.D.E.)
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jane Macnaughtan
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA (S.K.); (R.M.); (S.D.E.)
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Roxana Mezabrovschi
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA (S.K.); (R.M.); (S.D.E.)
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - S. Dusko Ehrlich
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA (S.K.); (R.M.); (S.D.E.)
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Anthony H. V. Schapira
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA (S.K.); (R.M.); (S.D.E.)
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mathieu Almeida
- MetaGenoPolis, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France (C.M.)
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA (S.K.); (R.M.); (S.D.E.)
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13
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Hashimoto K. Emerging role of the host microbiome in neuropsychiatric disorders: overview and future directions. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3625-3637. [PMID: 37845499 PMCID: PMC10730413 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The human body harbors a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively known as the microbiota. Current research is increasingly focusing on the potential association between the microbiota and various neuropsychiatric disorders. The microbiota resides in various parts of the body, such as the oral cavity, nasal passages, lungs, gut, skin, bladder, and vagina. The gut microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract has received particular attention due to its high abundance and its potential role in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. However, the microbiota presents in other body tissues, though less abundant, also plays crucial role in immune system and human homeostasis, thus influencing the development and progression of neuropsychiatric disorders. For example, oral microbiota imbalance and associated periodontitis might increase the risk for neuropsychiatric disorders. Additionally, studies using the postmortem brain samples have detected the widespread presence of oral bacteria in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. This article provides an overview of the emerging role of the host microbiota in neuropsychiatric disorders and discusses future directions, such as underlying biological mechanisms, reliable biomarkers associated with the host microbiota, and microbiota-targeted interventions, for research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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Rudisch DM, Krasko MN, Burdick R, Broadfoot CK, Rogus-Pulia N, Ciucci MR. Dysphagia in Parkinson Disease: Part I - Pathophysiology and Diagnostic Practices. CURRENT PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION REPORTS 2023; 11:176-187. [PMID: 37608845 PMCID: PMC10441627 DOI: 10.1007/s40141-023-00392-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Dysphagia affects the majority of individuals with Parkinson disease (PD) and is not typically diagnosed until later in disease progression. This review will cover the current understanding of PD pathophysiology, and provides an overview of dysphagia in PD including diagnostic practices, gaps in knowledge, and future directions. Recent Findings Many non-motor and other motor signs of PD appear in the prodrome prior to the manifestation of hall- mark signs and diagnosis. While dysphagia often presents already in the prodrome, it is not routinely addressed in standard neurology examinations. Summary Dysphagia in PD can result in compromised efficiency and safety of swallowing, which significantly contributes to malnutrition and dehydration, decrease quality of life, and increase mortality. The heterogeneous clinical presentation of PD complicates diagnostic procedures which often leads to delayed treatment. Research has advanced our knowledge of mechanisms underlying PD, but dysphagia is still largely understudied, especially in the prodromal stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Michael Rudisch
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1975 Willow Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Maryann N Krasko
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1975 Willow Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ryan Burdick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Courtney K Broadfoot
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nicole Rogus-Pulia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Michelle R Ciucci
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1975 Willow Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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15
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Mosaddad SA, Mahootchi P, Safari S, Rahimi H, Aghili SS. Interactions between systemic diseases and oral microbiota shifts in the aging community: A narrative review. J Basic Microbiol 2023. [PMID: 37173818 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
As a gateway to general health and a diverse microbial habitat, the oral cavity is colonized by numerous microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea. Oral microbiota plays an essential role in preserving oral health. Besides, the oral cavity also significantly contributes to systemic health. Physiological aging influences all body systems, including the oral microbial inhabitants. The cited effect can cause diseases by forming dysbiotic communities. Since it has been demonstrated that microbial dysbiosis could disturb the symbiosis state between the host and the resident microorganism, shifting the condition toward a more pathogenic one, this study investigated how the oral microbial shifts in aging could associate with the development or progression of systemic diseases in older adults. The current study focused on the interactions between variations in the oral microbiome and prevalent diseases in older adults, including diabetes mellitus, Sjögren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, pulmonary diseases, cardiovascular diseases, oral candidiasis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and glaucoma. Underlying diseases can dynamically modify the oral ecology and the composition of its resident oral microbiome. Clinical, experimental, and epidemiological research suggests the associations of systemic disorders with bacteremia and inflammation after oral microbial changes in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pegah Mahootchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sajedeh Safari
- Department of Prosthodontics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hussein Rahimi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sara Aghili
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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16
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Lyra P, Machado V, Rota S, Chaudhuri KR, Botelho J, Mendes JJ. Revisiting Alpha-Synuclein Pathways to Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087137. [PMID: 37108299 PMCID: PMC10138587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) is a short presynaptic protein with an active role on synaptic vesicle traffic and the neurotransmitter release and reuptake cycle. The α-Syn pathology intertwines with the formation of Lewy Bodies (multiprotein intraneuronal aggregations), which, combined with inflammatory events, define various α-synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD). In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on α-Syn mechanistic pathways to inflammation, as well as the eventual role of microbial dysbiosis on α-Syn. Furthermore, we explore the possible influence of inflammatory mitigation on α-Syn. In conclusion, and given the rising burden of neurodegenerative disorders, it is pressing to clarify the pathophysiological processes underlying α-synucleinopathies, in order to consider the mitigation of existing low-grade chronic inflammatory states as a potential pathway toward the management and prevention of such conditions, with the aim of starting to search for concrete clinical recommendations in this particular population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Lyra
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Machado
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - Silvia Rota
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Kallol Ray Chaudhuri
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - João Botelho
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - José João Mendes
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
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Kazarina A, Kuzmicka J, Bortkevica S, Zayakin P, Kimsis J, Igumnova V, Sadovska D, Freimane L, Kivrane A, Namina A, Capligina V, Poksane A, Ranka R. Oral microbiome variations related to ageing: possible implications beyond oral health. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:116. [PMID: 36920536 PMCID: PMC10016173 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The global population is getting older due to a combination of longer life expectancy and declining birth rates. Growing evidence suggests that the oral microbiota composition and distribution may have a profound effect on how well we age. The purpose of this study was to investigate age-related oral microbiome variations of supragingival plaque and buccal mucosa samples in the general population in Latvia. Our results indicated significant difference between supragingival plaque bacterial profiles of three age groups (20-40; 40-60; 60 + years). Within supragingival plaque samples, age group 20-40 showed the highest bacterial diversity with a decline during the 40-60 age period and uprise again after the age of 60. Among other differences, the important oral commensal Neisseria had declined after the age of 40. Additionally, prevalence of two well-documented opportunistic pathogens Streptococcus anginosus and Gemella sanguinis gradually rose with age within our samples. Furthermore, supragingival plaque and buccal mucosa samples significantly differed in overall bacterial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Kazarina
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia.
| | | | - Santa Bortkevica
- Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Str., Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Pawel Zayakin
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Janis Kimsis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Viktorija Igumnova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Darja Sadovska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Lauma Freimane
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Agnija Kivrane
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Agne Namina
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Valentina Capligina
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Alise Poksane
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Renate Ranka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
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Kang YJ, Xue Y, Shin JH, Cho H. Human mini-brains for reconstituting central nervous system disorders. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:964-981. [PMID: 36644973 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00897a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders in the central nervous system (CNS) are progressive and irreversible diseases leading to devastating impacts on patients' life as they cause cognitive impairment, dementia, and even loss of essential body functions. The development of effective medicines curing CNS disorders is, however, one of the most ambitious challenges due to the extremely complex functions and structures of the human brain. In this regard, there are unmet needs to develop simplified but physiopathologically-relevant brain models. Recent advances in the microfluidic techniques allow multicellular culture forming miniaturized 3D human brains by aligning parts of brain regions with specific cells serving suitable functions. In this review, we overview designs and strategies of microfluidics-based human mini-brains for reconstituting CNS disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), vascular dementia (VD), and environmental risk factor-driven dementia (ERFD). Afterward, the applications of the mini-brains in the area of medical science are introduced in terms of the clarification of pathogenic mechanisms and identification of promising biomarkers. We also present expanded model systems ranging from the CNS to CNS-connecting organ axes to study the entry pathways of pathological risk factors into the brain. Lastly, the advantages and potential challenges of current model systems are addressed with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jung Kang
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yingqi Xue
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Shin
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansang Cho
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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The Interplay between Gut Microbiota and Parkinson's Disease: Implications on Diagnosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012289. [PMID: 36293176 PMCID: PMC9603886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota (GM) and the Central Nervous System, the so-called gut microbiota brain axis (GMBA), deeply affects brain function and has an important impact on the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In Parkinson’s disease (PD), gastrointestinal symptoms often precede the onset of motor and non-motor manifestations, and alterations in the GM composition accompany disease pathogenesis. Several studies have been conducted to unravel the role of dysbiosis and intestinal permeability in PD onset and progression, but the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of GM modifying approaches remain to be fully elucidated. After a brief introduction on the involvement of GMBA in the disease, we present evidence for GM alterations and leaky gut in PD patients. According to these data, we then review the potential of GM-based signatures to serve as disease biomarkers and we highlight the emerging role of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, dietary interventions, and fecal microbiota transplantation as supportive therapeutic approaches in PD. Finally, we analyze the mutual influence between commonly prescribed PD medications and gut-microbiota, and we offer insights on the involvement also of nasal and oral microbiota in PD pathology, thus providing a comprehensive and up-to-date overview on the role of microbial features in disease diagnosis and treatment.
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