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Cheang NYZ, Tan KS, Tan PS, Purushotorma K, Yap WC, Tullett KM, Chua BYL, Yeoh AYY, Tan CQH, Qian X, Chen H, Tay DJW, Caminschi I, Tan YJ, Macary PA, Tan CW, Lahoud MH, Alonso S. Single-shot dendritic cell targeting SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate induces broad, durable and protective systemic and mucosal immunity in mice. Mol Ther 2024; 32:2299-2315. [PMID: 38715364 PMCID: PMC11286822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Current coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines face limitations including waning immunity, immune escape by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, limited cellular response, and poor mucosal immunity. We engineered a Clec9A-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody construct that delivers the SARS-CoV-2 RBD to conventional type 1 dendritic cells. Compared with non-targeting approaches, single dose immunization in mice with Clec9A-RBD induced far higher RBD-specific antibody titers that were sustained for up to 21 months after vaccination. Uniquely, increasing neutralizing and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity activities across the sarbecovirus family was observed, suggesting antibody affinity maturation over time. Consistently and remarkably, RBD-specific follicular T helper cells and germinal center B cells persisted up to 12 months after immunization. Furthermore, Clec9A-RBD immunization induced a durable mono- and poly-functional T-helper 1-biased cellular response that was strongly cross-reactive against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including Omicron subvariants, and with a robust CD8+ T cell signature. Uniquely, Clec9A-RBD single-shot systemic immunization effectively primed RBD-specific cellular and humoral immunity in lung and resulted in significant protection against homologous SARS-CoV-2 challenge as evidenced by limited body weight loss and approximately 2 log10 decrease in lung viral loads compared with non-immunized controls. Therefore, Clec9A-RBD immunization has the potential to trigger robust and sustained, systemic and mucosal protective immunity against rapidly evolving SARS-CoV2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas You Zhi Cheang
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Biosafety Level 3 Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peck Szee Tan
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kiren Purushotorma
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Chee Yap
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kirsteen McInnes Tullett
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Benson Yen Leong Chua
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aileen Ying-Yan Yeoh
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Caris Qi Hui Tan
- Histology Core Facility, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinlei Qian
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huixin Chen
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Biosafety Level 3 Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Douglas Jie Wen Tay
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Biosafety Level 3 Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Irina Caminschi
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yee Joo Tan
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul Anthony Macary
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Wah Tan
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mireille Hanna Lahoud
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Clark ES, Benaduce AP, Khan WN, Martinez O, Gilboa E. Vaccination against neoantigens induced in cross-priming cDC1 in vivo. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:9. [PMID: 38231450 PMCID: PMC10794404 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03597-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) play a pivotal role in protective immunity against pathogens and cancer. However, their low frequency in the blood and tissues limits their use in immune therapy. We have recently described a method to vaccinate against neoantigens that are induced in tumor cells by targeted delivery of a TAP siRNA to dendritic cells using a TLR9 binding CpG oligonucleotide. Since TLR9 is also expressed in immune suppressive myeloid populations TLR9 targeting could reduce the effectiveness of this approach. Here, we describe a modular multivalent antibody platform to target the TAP siRNA to resident Clec9a expressing cDC1 and show that it leads to selective and sustained TAP downregulation in cDC1 and inhibits tumor growth in mice more effectively than CpG targeted siRNA. To induce DC maturation an agonistic CD40 antibody was administered to the siRNA treated mice. To obviate the need for a second drug formulation and reduce the risk of toxicity, we exploited the multivalent nature of this targeting platform to co-deliver the TAP siRNA and a DC maturation agent, a CpG containing oligonucleotide, to cDC1 in vivo and show that it was more effective than Clec9a targeting of TAP siRNA in combination with CD40 antibody. This study describes a way to manipulate the function of cDC1 cells in vivo using a broadly applicable antibody-based targeting platform to deliver multiple biological agents to specific cells in vivo to potentiate (immune) therapy and to probe the biology of specific cell types in their natural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Clark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1550 NW 10th Avenue Medical Campus, Papanicolaou Building 257, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ana Paula Benaduce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1550 NW 10th Avenue Medical Campus, Papanicolaou Building 257, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Wasif N Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1550 NW 10th Avenue Medical Campus, Papanicolaou Building 257, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Olivier Martinez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1550 NW 10th Avenue Medical Campus, Papanicolaou Building 257, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Mnemo Therapeutics, Paris, France
| | - Eli Gilboa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1550 NW 10th Avenue Medical Campus, Papanicolaou Building 257, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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3
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Clemente B, Denis M, Silveira CP, Schiavetti F, Brazzoli M, Stranges D. Straight to the point: targeted mRNA-delivery to immune cells for improved vaccine design. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1294929. [PMID: 38090568 PMCID: PMC10711611 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With the deepening of our understanding of adaptive immunity at the cellular and molecular level, targeting antigens directly to immune cells has proven to be a successful strategy to develop innovative and potent vaccines. Indeed, it offers the potential to increase vaccine potency and/or modulate immune response quality while reducing off-target effects. With mRNA-vaccines establishing themselves as a versatile technology for future applications, in the last years several approaches have been explored to target nanoparticles-enabled mRNA-delivery systems to immune cells, with a focus on dendritic cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen presenting cells and key mediators of B- and T-cell immunity, and therefore considered as an ideal target for cell-specific antigen delivery. Indeed, improved potency of DC-targeted vaccines has been proved in vitro and in vivo. This review discusses the potential specific targets for immune system-directed mRNA delivery, as well as the different targeting ligand classes and delivery systems used for this purpose.
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Jirmo AC, Grychtol R, Gaedcke S, Liu B, DeStefano S, Happle C, Halle O, Monteiro JT, Habener A, Breiholz OD, DeLuca D, Hansen G. Single cell RNA sequencing reveals distinct clusters of Irf8-expressing pulmonary conventional dendritic cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127485. [PMID: 37251386 PMCID: PMC10213693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A single population of interferon-regulatory factor 8 (Irf8)-dependent conventional dendritic cell (cDC type1) is considered to be responsible for both immunogenic and tolerogenic responses depending on the surrounding cytokine milieu. Here, we challenge this concept of an omnipotent single Irf8-dependent cDC1 cluster through analysis of pulmonary cDCs at single cell resolution. We report existence of a pulmonary cDC1 cluster lacking Xcr1 with an immunogenic signature that clearly differs from the Xcr1 positive cDC1 cluster. The Irf8+Batf3+Xcr1- cluster expresses high levels of pro-inflammatory genes associated with antigen presentation, migration and co-stimulation such as Ccr7, Cd74, MHC-II, Ccl5, Il12b and Relb while, the Xcr1+ cDC1 cluster expresses genes corresponding to immune tolerance mechanisms like Clec9a, Pbx1, Cadm1, Btla and Clec12a. In concordance with their pro-inflammatory gene expression profile, the ratio of Xcr1- cDC1s but not Xcr1+cDC1 is increased in the lungs of allergen-treated mice compared to the control group, in which both cDC1 clusters are present in comparable ratios. The existence of two distinct Xcr1+ and Xcr1- cDC1 clusters is furthermore supported by velocity analysis showing markedly different temporal patterns of Xcr1- and Xcr1+cDC1s. In summary, we present evidence for the existence of two different cDC1 clusters with distinct immunogenic profiles in vivo. Our findings have important implications for DC-targeting immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adan Chari Jirmo
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruth Grychtol
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Svenja Gaedcke
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Bin Liu
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephanie DeStefano
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Happle
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Olga Halle
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Joao T. Monteiro
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Resolving Infection Susceptibility RESIST (EXC 2155), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anika Habener
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Oliver D. Breiholz
- Research Core Unit Genomics (RCUG), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - David DeLuca
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Gesine Hansen
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Resolving Infection Susceptibility RESIST (EXC 2155), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Kassardjian A, Sun E, Sookhoo J, Muthuraman K, Boligan KF, Kucharska I, Rujas E, Jetha A, Branch DR, Babiuk S, Barber B, Julien JP. Modular adjuvant-free pan-HLA-DR-immunotargeting subunit vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 elicits broad sarbecovirus-neutralizing antibody responses. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112391. [PMID: 37053069 PMCID: PMC10067452 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Subunit vaccines typically require co-administration with an adjuvant to elicit protective immunity, adding development hurdles that can impede rapid pandemic responses. To circumvent the need for adjuvant in a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) subunit vaccine, we engineer a thermostable immunotargeting vaccine (ITV) that leverages the pan-HLA-DR monoclonal antibody 44H10 to deliver the viral spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) to antigen-presenting cells. X-ray crystallography shows that 44H10 binds to a conserved epitope on HLA-DR, providing the basis for its broad HLA-DR reactivity. Adjuvant-free ITV immunization in rabbits and ferrets induces robust anti-RBD antibody responses that neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and protect recipients from SARS-CoV-2 challenge. We demonstrate that the modular nature of the ITV scaffold with respect to helper T cell epitopes and diverse RBD antigens facilitates broad sarbecovirus neutralization. Our findings support anti-HLA-DR immunotargeting as an effective means to induce strong antibody responses to subunit antigens without requiring an adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Kassardjian
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Eric Sun
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jamie Sookhoo
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Krithika Muthuraman
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Iga Kucharska
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Edurne Rujas
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain; Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents, and Gene Therapy, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Arif Jetha
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Donald R Branch
- Canadian Blood Services, Keenan Research Centre, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; University of Toronto, Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shawn Babiuk
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Brian Barber
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Julien
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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6
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Zheng L, Wu H, Wen N, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Peng X, Tan Y, Qiu L, Qu F, Tan W. Aptamer-Functionalized Nanovaccines: Targeting In Vivo DC Subsets for Enhanced Antitumor Immunity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:18590-18597. [PMID: 37017594 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines, which directly pulsed in vivo dendritic cells (DCs) with specific antigens and immunostimulatory adjuvants, showed great potential for cancer immunoprevention. However, most of them were limited by suboptimal outcomes, mainly owing to overlooking the complex biology of DC phenotypes. Herein, based on adjuvant-induced antigen assembly, we developed aptamer-functionalized nanovaccines for in vivo DC subset-targeted codelivery of tumor-related antigens and immunostimulatory adjuvants. We chose two aptamers, iDC and CD209, and tested their performance on DC targeting. Our results verified that these aptamer-functionalized nanovaccines could specifically recognize circulating classical DCs (cDCs), a subset of DCs capable of priming naïve T cells, noting that iDC outperformed CD209 in this regard. With excellent cDC-targeting capability, the iDC-functionalized nanovaccine induced potent antitumor immunity, leading to effective inhibition of tumor occurrence and metastasis, thus providing a promising platform for cancer immunoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Zheng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/BioSensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/BioSensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Nachuan Wen
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/BioSensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/BioSensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/BioSensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Xueyu Peng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/BioSensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/BioSensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Liping Qiu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/BioSensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Fengli Qu
- The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/BioSensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Long-Lasting Protection Induced by a Polyanhydride Nanovaccine against Respiratory Syncytial Virus in an Outbred Mouse Model. J Virol 2022; 96:e0150222. [PMID: 36314826 PMCID: PMC9683007 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01502-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children. In humans, natural infection with RSV affords only partial long-term protection from reinfection, and there is no licensed RSV vaccine currently available. We have developed a new vaccine candidate, termed RSVNanoVax, composed of polyanhydride nanoparticles encapsulating the RSV prefusion F protein and a CpG 1668 oligodeoxynucleotide adjuvant. We recently reported that vaccination of inbred BALB/c mice with RSVNanoVax induced both RSV-specific cellular and humoral immunity, which provided protection from viral replication and RSV-induced disease. To further assess the efficacy of RSVNanoVax, here, we utilized outbred Swiss Webster mice to examine vaccine efficacy in a more genetically diverse population. Following intranasal prime-boost vaccination with RSVNanoVax, Swiss Webster mice exhibited robust titers of systemic RSV F-directed IgG antibodies and RSV F-directed IgA within the lungs and nasal passages that were sustained out to at least 1 year post-vaccination. Serum antibodies maintained robust neutralizing activity against both RSV A and B strains. Following RSV challenge, vaccinated Swiss Webster mice exhibited rapid viral clearance from the lungs. Overall, our results indicate that RSVNanoVax represents a promising RSV vaccine candidate capable of providing long-term protection and immunity in a genetically diverse population. IMPORTANCE Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection causes thousands of infections and deaths in children and elderly adults each year. Research in this field is of great importance as there remains no licensed vaccine to prevent RSV infections. We developed a novel vaccine candidate, RSVNanoVax, utilizing the RSV prefusion F protein encapsulated in polyanhydride nanoparticles. Here, we show that the intranasal delivery of RSVNanoVax protected outbred mice from viral replication within the lungs when challenged with RSV out to 1 year post-vaccination. Additionally, RSV-specific antibody responses were generated in both the serum and lung tissue and sustained long-term. These results demonstrate that our vaccine is an encouraging candidate for driving long-term protection in the lungs in a genetically diverse population.
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Status and Challenges for Vaccination against Avian H9N2 Influenza Virus in China. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091326. [PMID: 36143363 PMCID: PMC9505450 DOI: 10.3390/life12091326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In China, H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) has become widely prevalent in poultry, causing huge economic losses after secondary infection with other pathogens. Importantly, H9N2 AIV continuously infects humans, and its six internal genes frequently reassort with other influenza viruses to generate novel influenza viruses that infect humans, threatening public health. Inactivated whole-virus vaccines have been used to control H9N2 AIV in China for more than 20 years, and they can alleviate clinical symptoms after immunization, greatly reducing economic losses. However, H9N2 AIVs can still be isolated from immunized chickens and have recently become the main epidemic subtype. A more effective vaccine prevention strategy might be able to address the current situation. Herein, we analyze the current status and vaccination strategy against H9N2 AIV and summarize the progress in vaccine development to provide insight for better H9N2 prevention and control.
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Olukitibi TA, Ao Z, Azizi H, Mahmoudi M, Coombs K, Kobasa D, Kobinger G, Yao X. Development and characterization of influenza M2 ectodomain and/or hemagglutinin stalk-based dendritic cell-targeting vaccines. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:937192. [PMID: 36003947 PMCID: PMC9393625 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.937192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A universal influenza vaccine is required for broad protection against influenza infection. Here, we revealed the efficacy of novel influenza vaccine candidates based on Ebola glycoprotein dendritic cell (DC)-targeting domain (EΔM) fusion protein technology. The four copies of ectodomain matrix protein of influenza (tM2e) or M2e hemagglutinin stalk (HA stalk) peptides (HM2e) were fused with EΔM to generate EΔM-tM2e or EΔM-HM2e, respectively. We demonstrated that EΔM-HM2e- or EΔM-tM2e-pseudotyped viral particles can efficiently target DC/macrophages in vitro and induced significantly high titers of anti-HA and/or anti-M2e antibodies in mice. Significantly, the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV)-EΔM-tM2e and rVSV-EΔM-HM2e vaccines mediated rapid and potent induction of M2 or/and HA antibodies in mice sera and mucosa. Importantly, vaccination of rVSV-EΔM-tM2e or rVSV-EΔM-HM2e protected mice from influenza H1N1 and H3N2 challenges. Taken together, our study suggests that rVSV-EΔM-tM2e and rVSV-EΔM-HM2e are promising candidates that may lead to the development of a universal vaccine against different influenza strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titus Abiola Olukitibi
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Zhujun Ao
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hiva Azizi
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie de l’Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mona Mahmoudi
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kevin Coombs
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Gary Kobinger
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie de l’Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Galveston National Laboratory, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Xiaojian Yao
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Xiaojian Yao,
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10
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Lee W, Suresh M. Vaccine adjuvants to engage the cross-presentation pathway. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940047. [PMID: 35979365 PMCID: PMC9376467 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines for stimulating optimal immune responses to non-replicating, inactivated and subunit antigens. Eliciting balanced humoral and T cell-mediated immunity is paramount to defend against diseases caused by complex intracellular pathogens, such as tuberculosis, malaria, and AIDS. However, currently used vaccines elicit strong antibody responses, but poorly stimulate CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. To elicit potent CTL memory, vaccines need to engage the cross-presentation pathway, and this requirement has been a crucial bottleneck in the development of subunit vaccines that engender effective T cell immunity. In this review, we focus on recent insights into DC cross-presentation and the extent to which clinically relevant vaccine adjuvants, such as aluminum-based nanoparticles, water-in oil emulsion (MF59) adjuvants, saponin-based adjuvants, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands modulate DC cross-presentation efficiency. Further, we discuss the feasibility of using carbomer-based adjuvants as next generation of adjuvant platforms to elicit balanced antibody- and T-cell based immunity. Understanding of the molecular mechanism of DC cross-presentation and the mode of action of adjuvants will pave the way for rational design of vaccines for infectious diseases and cancer that require balanced antibody- and T cell-based immunity.
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11
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Abstract
Although the need for a universal influenza vaccine has long been recognized, only a handful of candidates have been identified so far, with even fewer advancing in the clinical pipeline. The 24–amino acid ectodomain of M2 protein (M2e) has been developed over the past two decades. However, M2e-based vaccine candidates have shortcomings, including the need for several administrations and the lack of sustained antibody titers over time. We report here a vaccine targeting strategy that has the potential to confer sustained and strong protection upon a single shot of a small amount of M2e antigen. The current COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of developing versatile, powerful platforms for the rapid deployment of vaccines against any incoming threat. Influenza, commonly referred to as “flu,” is a major global public health concern and a huge economic burden to societies. Current influenza vaccines need to be updated annually to match circulating strains, resulting in low take-up rates and poor coverage due to inaccurate prediction. Broadly protective universal flu vaccines that do not need to be updated annually have therefore been pursued. The highly conserved 24–amino acid ectodomain of M2 protein (M2e) is a leading candidate, but its poor immunogenicity has been a major roadblock in its clinical development. Here, we report a targeting strategy that shuttles M2e to a specific dendritic cell subset (cDC1) by engineering a recombinant anti-Clec9A monoclonal antibody fused at each of its heavy chains with three copies of M2e. Single administration in mice of 2 µg of the Clec9A–M2e construct triggered an exceptionally sustained anti-M2e antibody response and resulted in a strong anamnestic protective response upon influenza challenge. Furthermore, and importantly, Clec9A–M2e immunization significantly boosted preexisting anti-M2e titers from prior flu exposure. Thus, the Clec9A-targeting strategy allows antigen and dose sparing, addressing the shortcomings of current M2e vaccine candidates. As the cDC1 subset exists in humans, translation to humans is an exciting and realistic avenue.
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12
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STxB as an Antigen Delivery Tool for Mucosal Vaccination. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14030202. [PMID: 35324699 PMCID: PMC8948715 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy against cancer and infectious disease holds the promise of high efficacy with minor side effects. Mucosal vaccines to protect against tumors or infections disease agents that affect the upper airways or the lung are still lacking, however. One mucosal vaccine candidate is the B-subunit of Shiga toxin, STxB. In this review, we compare STxB to other immunotherapy vectors. STxB is a non-toxic protein that binds to a glycosylated lipid, termed globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), which is preferentially expressed by dendritic cells. We review the use of STxB for the cross-presentation of tumor or viral antigens in a MHC class I-restricted manner to induce humoral immunity against these antigens in addition to polyfunctional and persistent CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes capable of protecting against viral infection or tumor growth. Other literature will be summarized that documents a powerful induction of mucosal IgA and resident memory CD8+ T cells against mucosal tumors specifically when STxB-antigen conjugates are administered via the nasal route. It will also be pointed out how STxB-based vaccines have been shown in preclinical cancer models to synergize with other therapeutic modalities (immune checkpoint inhibitors, anti-angiogenic therapy, radiotherapy). Finally, we will discuss how molecular aspects such as low immunogenicity, cross-species conservation of Gb3 expression, and lack of toxicity contribute to the competitive positioning of STxB among the different DC targeting approaches. STxB thereby appears as an original and innovative tool for the development of mucosal vaccines in infectious diseases and cancer.
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13
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Abboud G, Elshikha AS, Kanda N, Zeumer-Spataro L, Morel L. Contribution of Dendritic Cell Subsets to T Cell-Dependent Responses in Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1066-1075. [PMID: 35140132 PMCID: PMC8881363 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BATF3-deficient mice that lack CD8+ dendritic cells (DCs) showed an exacerbation of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), including T follicular helper (Tfh) cell and autoantibody responses, whereas mice carrying the Sle2c2 lupus-suppressive locus with a mutation in the G-CSFR showed an expansion of CD8+ DCs and a poor mobilization of plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and responded poorly to cGVHD induction. Here, we investigated the contribution of CD8+ DCs and pDCs to the humoral response to protein immunization, where CD8neg DCs are thought to represent the major inducers. Both BATF3-/- and Sle2c2 mice had reduced humoral and germinal center (GC) responses compared with C57BL/6 (B6) controls. We showed that B6-derived CD4+ DCs are the major early producers of IL-6, followed by CD4-CD8- DCs. Surprisingly, IL-6 production and CD80 expression also increased in CD8+ DCs after immunization, and B6-derived CD8+ DCs rescued Ag-specific adaptive responses in BATF3-/- mice. In addition, inflammatory pDCs (ipDCs) produced more IL-6 than all conventional DCs combined. Interestingly, G-CSFR is highly expressed on pDCs. G-CSF expanded pDC and CD8+ DC numbers and IL-6 production by ipDCs and CD4+ DCs, and it improved the quality of Ab response, increasing the localization of Ag-specific T cells to the GC. Finally, G-CSF activated STAT3 in early G-CSFR+ common lymphoid progenitors of cDCs/pDCs but not in mature cells. In conclusion, we showed a multilayered role of DC subsets in priming Tfh cells in protein immunization, and we unveiled the importance of G-CSFR signaling in the development and function pDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Abboud
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ahmed S. Elshikha
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, 44519, Egypt
| | - Nathalie Kanda
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Leilani Zeumer-Spataro
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; and
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14
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Steiner TM, Heath WR, Caminschi I. The unexpected contribution of conventional type 1 dendritic cells in driving antibody responses. Eur J Immunol 2021; 52:189-196. [PMID: 34897660 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are hallmarks of most effective vaccines. For successful T-dependent antibody responses, conventional dendritic cells (cDC) have been largely attributed the role of priming T cells. By contrast, follicular dendritic cells and macrophages have been seen as responsible for B cell activation, due to their strategic location within secondary lymphoid tissues and capacity to present native antigen to B cells. This review summarizes the mounting evidence that cDC can also present native antigen to B cells. cDC2 have been the main subset linked to humoral responses, based largely on their favorable location, capacity to prime CD4+ T cells, and ability to present native antigen to B cells. However, studies using strategies to deliver antigen to receptors on cDC1, reveal this subset can also contribute to naïve B cell activation, as well as T cell priming. cDC1 location within lymphoid tissues reveals their juxtaposition to B cell follicles, with ready access to B cells for presentation of native antigen. These findings support the view that both cDC1 and cDC2 are capable of initiating humoral responses provided antigen is captured by relevant surface receptors attuned to this process. Such understanding is fundamental for the development of innovative humoral vaccination approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago M Steiner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William R Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Irina Caminschi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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15
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Wylie B, Ong F, Belhoul-Fakir H, Priebatsch K, Bogdawa H, Stirnweiss A, Watt P, Cunningham P, Stone SR, Waithman J. Targeting Cross-Presentation as a Route to Improve the Efficiency of Peptide-Based Cancer Vaccines. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6189. [PMID: 34944809 PMCID: PMC8699136 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-presenting dendritic cells (DC) offer an attractive target for vaccination due to their unique ability to process exogenous antigens for presentation on MHC class I molecules. Recent reports have established that these DC express unique surface receptors and play a critical role in the initiation of anti-tumor immunity, opening the way for the development of vaccination strategies specifically targeting these cells. This study investigated whether targeting cross-presenting DC by two complementary mechanisms could improve vaccine effectiveness, in both a viral setting and in a murine melanoma model. Our novel vaccine construct contained the XCL1 ligand, to target uptake to XCR1+ cross-presenting DC, and a cell penetrating peptide (CPP) with endosomal escape properties, to enhance antigen delivery into the cross-presentation pathway. Using a prime-boost regimen, we demonstrated robust expansion of antigen-specific T cells following vaccination with our CPP-linked peptide vaccine and protective immunity against HSV-1 skin infection, where vaccine epitopes were natively expressed by the virus. Additionally, our novel vaccination strategy slowed tumor outgrowth in a B16 murine melanoma model, compared to adjuvant only controls, suggesting antigen-specific anti-tumor immunity was generated following vaccination. These findings suggest that novel strategies to target the antigen cross-presentation pathway in DC may be beneficial for the generation of anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wylie
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Ferrer Ong
- PYC Therapeutics, Harry Perkins Institute, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (F.O.); (A.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Hanane Belhoul-Fakir
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia;
| | | | | | - Anja Stirnweiss
- PYC Therapeutics, Harry Perkins Institute, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (F.O.); (A.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Paul Watt
- Avicena, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia;
| | - Paula Cunningham
- PYC Therapeutics, Harry Perkins Institute, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (F.O.); (A.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Shane R. Stone
- School of Agriculture and the Environment, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jason Waithman
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
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16
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Shrestha A, Sadeyen JR, Lukosaityte D, Chang P, Smith A, Van Hulten M, Iqbal M. Selectively targeting haemagglutinin antigen to chicken CD83 receptor induces faster and stronger immunity against avian influenza. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:90. [PMID: 34267228 PMCID: PMC8282863 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of vaccines can be enhanced by the selective delivery of antigens to the antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In this study, H9N2 avian influenza virus haemagglutinin (HA) antigen, was targeted by fusing it to single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies specific to CD83 receptor expressed on chicken APCs. We observed an increased level of IFNγ, IL6, IL1β, IL4, and CxCLi2 mRNA upon stimulation of chicken splenocytes ex vivo by CD83 scFv targeted H9HA. In addition, CD83 scFv targeted H9HA induced higher serum haemagglutinin inhibition activity and virus neutralising antibodies compared to untargeted H9HA, with induction of antibodies as early as day 6 post primary vaccination. Furthermore, chickens vaccinated with CD83 scFv targeted H9HA showed reduced H9N2 challenge virus shedding compared to untargeted H9HA. These results suggest that targeting antigens to CD83 receptors could improve the efficacy of poultry vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angita Shrestha
- grid.63622.330000 0004 0388 7540The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Zoology, Peter Medawar Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Remy Sadeyen
- grid.63622.330000 0004 0388 7540The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Deimante Lukosaityte
- grid.63622.330000 0004 0388 7540The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Pengxiang Chang
- grid.63622.330000 0004 0388 7540The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Smith
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Zoology, Peter Medawar Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marielle Van Hulten
- grid.420097.80000 0004 0407 6096Global Poultry R&D Biologicals Boxmeer, Intervet International BV, MSD Animal Health, Boxmeer, The Netherlands
| | - Munir Iqbal
- grid.63622.330000 0004 0388 7540The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
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17
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Shrestha A, Sadeyen JR, Lukosaityte D, Chang P, Van Hulten M, Iqbal M. Targeting Haemagglutinin Antigen of Avian Influenza Virus to Chicken Immune Cell Receptors Dec205 and CD11c Induces Differential Immune-Potentiating Responses. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070784. [PMID: 34358200 PMCID: PMC8310205 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of vaccines is critical to reducing disease impacts. One strategy used to enhance the immunogenicity of vaccines is the selective delivery of protective antigens to the antigen presenting cells (APCs). In this study, we have developed a targeted antigen delivery vaccine (TADV) system by recombinantly fusing the ectodomain of hemagglutinin (HA) antigen of H9N2 influenza A virus to single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies specific for the receptors expressed on chicken APCs; Dec205 and CD11c. Vaccination of chickens with TADV containing recombinant H9HA Foldon-Dec205 scFv or H9HA Foldon-CD11c scFv proteins elicited faster (as early as day 6 post primary vaccination) and higher anti-H9HA IgM and IgY, haemagglutination inhibition, and virus neutralisation antibodies compared to the untargeted H9HA protein. Comparatively, CD11c scFv conjugated H9HA protein showed higher immunogenic potency compared to Dec205 scFv conjugated H9HA protein. The higher immune potentiating ability of CD11c scFv was also reflected in ex-vivo chicken splenocyte stimulation assay, whereby H9HA Foldon-CD11c scFv induced higher levels of cytokines (IFNγ, IL6, IL1β, and IL4) compared to H9HA Foldon-Dec205 scFv. Overall, the results conclude that TADV could be a better alternative to the currently available inactivated virus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angita Shrestha
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (A.S.); (J.-R.S.); (D.L.); (P.C.)
- Department of Zoology, Peter Medawar Building, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Jean-Remy Sadeyen
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (A.S.); (J.-R.S.); (D.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Deimante Lukosaityte
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (A.S.); (J.-R.S.); (D.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Pengxiang Chang
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (A.S.); (J.-R.S.); (D.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Marielle Van Hulten
- Global Poultry R&D Biologicals Boxmeer, Intervet International BV, MSD Animal Health, Wim De Körverstraat 35, 5831 AN Boxmeer, The Netherlands;
| | - Munir Iqbal
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (A.S.); (J.-R.S.); (D.L.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +44-(0)-1483-231441
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18
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Tummillo KM, Hazlett KR. Co-Opting Host Receptors for Targeted Delivery of Bioconjugates-From Drugs to Bugs. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051479. [PMID: 33803208 PMCID: PMC7963163 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioconjugation has allowed scientists to combine multiple functional elements into one biological or biochemical unit. This assembly can result in the production of constructs that are targeted to a specific site or cell type in order to enhance the response to, or activity of, the conjugated moiety. In the case of cancer treatments, selectively targeting chemotherapies to the cells of interest limit harmful side effects and enhance efficacy. Targeting through conjugation is also advantageous in delivering treatments to difficult-to-reach tissues, such as the brain or infections deep in the lung. Bacterial infections can be more selectively treated by conjugating antibiotics to microbe-specific entities; helping to avoid antibiotic resistance across commensal bacterial species. In the case of vaccine development, conjugation is used to enhance efficacy without compromising safety. In this work, we will review the previously mentioned areas in which bioconjugation has created new possibilities and advanced treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M. Tummillo
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA;
- Admera Health, South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA
| | - Karsten R.O. Hazlett
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-518-262-2338
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19
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Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines are a safe and effective means of inducing tumor immune responses, however, a better understanding of DC biology is required in order to realize their full potential. Recent advances in DC biology have identified a crucial role for cDC1 in tumor immune responses, making this DC subset an attractive vaccine target. Human cDC1 exclusively express the C-type-lectin-like receptor, CLEC9A (DNGR-1) that plays an important role in cross-presentation, the process by which effective CD8+ T cell responses are generated. CLEC9A antibodies deliver antigen specifically to cDC1 for the induction of humoral, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses and are therefore promising candidates to develop as vaccines for infectious diseases and cancer. The development of human CLEC9A antibodies now facilitates their application as vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. Here we discuss the recent advances in CLEC9A targeting antibodies as vaccines for cancer and their translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Lahoud
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - K J Radford
- Cancer Immunotherapies Laboratory, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
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20
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Isser A, Livingston NK, Schneck JP. Biomaterials to enhance antigen-specific T cell expansion for cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2021; 268:120584. [PMID: 33338931 PMCID: PMC7856270 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
T cells are often referred to as the 'guided missiles' of our immune system because of their capacity to traffic to and accumulate at sites of infection or disease, destroy infected or mutated cells with high specificity and sensitivity, initiate systemic immune responses, sterilize infections, and produce long-lasting memory. As a result, they are a common target for a range of cancer immunotherapies. However, the myriad of challenges of expanding large numbers of T cells specific to each patient's unique tumor antigens has led researchers to develop alternative, more scalable approaches. Biomaterial platforms for expansion of antigen-specific T cells offer a path forward towards broadscale translation of personalized immunotherapies by providing "off-the-shelf", yet modular approaches to customize the phenotype, function, and specificity of T cell responses. In this review, we discuss design considerations and progress made in the development of ex vivo and in vivo technologies for activating antigen-specific T cells, including artificial antigen presenting cells, T cell stimulating scaffolds, biomaterials-based vaccines, and artificial lymphoid organs. Ultimate translation of these platforms as a part of cancer immunotherapy regimens hinges on an in-depth understanding of T cell biology and cell-material interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Isser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, USA
| | - Natalie K Livingston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, USA
| | - Jonathan P Schneck
- Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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21
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Kato Y, Steiner TM, Park HY, Hitchcock RO, Zaid A, Hor JL, Devi S, Davey GM, Vremec D, Tullett KM, Tan PS, Ahmet F, Mueller SN, Alonso S, Tarlinton DM, Ploegh HL, Kaisho T, Beattie L, Manton JH, Fernandez-Ruiz D, Shortman K, Lahoud MH, Heath WR, Caminschi I. Display of Native Antigen on cDC1 That Have Spatial Access to Both T and B Cells Underlies Efficient Humoral Vaccination. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 205:1842-1856. [PMID: 32839238 PMCID: PMC7504891 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cells and macrophages have been strongly implicated in presentation of native Ag to B cells. This property has also occasionally been attributed to conventional dendritic cells (cDC) but is generally masked by their essential role in T cell priming. cDC can be divided into two main subsets, cDC1 and cDC2, with recent evidence suggesting that cDC2 are primarily responsible for initiating B cell and T follicular helper responses. This conclusion is, however, at odds with evidence that targeting Ag to Clec9A (DNGR1), expressed by cDC1, induces strong humoral responses. In this study, we reveal that murine cDC1 interact extensively with B cells at the border of B cell follicles and, when Ag is targeted to Clec9A, can display native Ag for B cell activation. This leads to efficient induction of humoral immunity. Our findings indicate that surface display of native Ag on cDC with access to both T and B cells is key to efficient humoral vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kato
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
- The Australian Reseach Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Thiago M. Steiner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
- The Australian Reseach Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Hae-Young Park
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Rohan O. Hitchcock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
- The Australian Reseach Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Ali Zaid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
- The Australian Reseach Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Jyh Liang Hor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
- The Australian Reseach Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Sapna Devi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
- The Australian Reseach Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Gayle M. Davey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
- The Australian Reseach Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - David Vremec
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kirsteen M. Tullett
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Peck S. Tan
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Fatma Ahmet
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Scott N. Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
- The Australian Reseach Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Infectious Diseases Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456
| | - David M. Tarlinton
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Hidde L. Ploegh
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Tsuneyasu Kaisho
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; and
| | - Lynette Beattie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
- The Australian Reseach Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Jonathan H. Manton
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel Fernandez-Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
- The Australian Reseach Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Ken Shortman
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mireille H. Lahoud
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - William R. Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
- The Australian Reseach Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Irina Caminschi
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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22
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Van Den Eeckhout B, Van Hoecke L, Burg E, Van Lint S, Peelman F, Kley N, Uzé G, Saelens X, Tavernier J, Gerlo S. Specific targeting of IL-1β activity to CD8 + T cells allows for safe use as a vaccine adjuvant. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:64. [PMID: 32714571 PMCID: PMC7378068 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Annual administration and reformulation of influenza vaccines is required for protection against seasonal infections. However, the induction of strong and long-lasting T cells is critical to reach broad and potentially lifelong antiviral immunity. The NLRP3 inflammasome and its product interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are pivotal mediators of cellular immune responses to influenza, yet, overactivation of these systems leads to side effects, which hamper clinical applications. Here, we present a bypass around these toxicities by targeting the activity of IL-1β to CD8+ T cells. Using this approach, we demonstrate safe inclusion of IL-1β as an adjuvant in vaccination strategies, leading to full protection of mice against a high influenza virus challenge dose by raising potent T cell responses. In conclusion, this paper proposes a class of IL-1β-based vaccine adjuvants and also provides further insight in the mechanics of cellular immune responses driven by IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Van Den Eeckhout
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elianne Burg
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Lint
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Peelman
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niko Kley
- Orionis Biosciences Inc, Waltham, MA 02451 USA
| | - Gilles Uzé
- CNRS 5235, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Orionis Biosciences Inc, Waltham, MA 02451 USA
| | - Sarah Gerlo
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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23
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Fossum E, Tesfaye DY, Bobic S, Gudjonsson A, Braathen R, Lahoud MH, Caminschi I, Bogen B. Targeting Antigens to Different Receptors on Conventional Type 1 Dendritic Cells Impacts the Immune Response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:661-673. [PMID: 32591401 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Targeting Ag to surface receptors on conventional type 1 dendritic cells can enhance induction of Ab and T cell responses. However, it is unclear to what extent the targeted receptor influences the resulting responses. In this study, we target Ag to Xcr1, Clec9A, or DEC-205, surface receptors that are expressed on conventional type 1 dendritic cells, and compare immune responses in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice in vitro and in vivo after intradermal DNA vaccination. Targeting hemagglutinin from influenza A to Clec9A induced Ab responses with higher avidity that more efficiently neutralized influenza virus compared with Xcr1 and DEC-205 targeting. In contrast, targeting Xcr1 resulted in higher IFN-γ+CD8+ T cell responses in spleen and lung and stronger cytotoxicity. Both Clec9A and Xcr1 targeting induced Th1-polarized Ab responses, although the Th1 polarization of CD4+ T cells was more pronounced after Xcr1 targeting. Targeting DEC-205 resulted in poor Ab responses in BALB/c mice and a more mixed Th response. In an influenza challenge model, targeting either Xcr1 or Clec9A induced full and long-term protection against influenza infection, whereas only partial short-term protection was obtained when targeting DEC-205. In summary, the choice of targeting receptor, even on the same dendritic cell subpopulation, may strongly influence the resulting immune response, suggesting that different targeting strategies should be considered depending on the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Even Fossum
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Center for Research on Influenza Vaccines, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0027 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Demo Yemane Tesfaye
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Center for Research on Influenza Vaccines, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0027 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sonja Bobic
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Center for Research on Influenza Vaccines, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0027 Oslo, Norway
| | - Arnar Gudjonsson
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Center for Research on Influenza Vaccines, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0027 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ranveig Braathen
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Center for Research on Influenza Vaccines, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0027 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mireille H Lahoud
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and
| | - Irina Caminschi
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Center for Research on Influenza Vaccines, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0027 Oslo, Norway;
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24
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Autotransporter-Mediated Display of Complement Receptor Ligands by Gram-Negative Bacteria Increases Antibody Responses and Limits Disease Severity. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9050375. [PMID: 32422907 PMCID: PMC7281241 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The targeting of immunogens/vaccines to specific immune cells is a promising approach for amplifying immune responses in the absence of exogenous adjuvants. However, the targeting approaches reported thus far require novel, labor-intensive reagents for each vaccine and have primarily been shown as proof-of-concept with isolated proteins and/or inactivated bacteria. We have engineered a plasmid-based, complement receptor-targeting platform that is readily applicable to live forms of multiple gram-negative bacteria, including, but not limited to, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Francisella tularensis. Using F. tularensis as a model, we find that targeted bacteria show increased binding and uptake by macrophages, which coincides with increased p38 and p65 phosphorylation. Mice vaccinated with targeted bacteria produce higher titers of specific antibody that recognizes a greater diversity of bacterial antigens. Following challenge with homologous or heterologous isolates, these mice exhibited less weight loss and/or accelerated weight recovery as compared to counterparts vaccinated with non-targeted immunogens. Collectively, these findings provide proof-of-concept for plasmid-based, complement receptor-targeting of live gram-negative bacteria.
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25
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Baldin AV, Savvateeva LV, Bazhin AV, Zamyatnin AA. Dendritic Cells in Anticancer Vaccination: Rationale for Ex Vivo Loading or In Vivo Targeting. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030590. [PMID: 32150821 PMCID: PMC7139354 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) have shown great potential as a component or target in the landscape of cancer immunotherapy. Different in vivo and ex vivo strategies of DC vaccine generation with different outcomes have been proposed. Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated their efficacy and safety in cancer patients. However, there is no consensus regarding which DC-based vaccine generation method is preferable. A problem of result comparison between trials in which different DC-loading or -targeting approaches have been applied remains. The employment of different DC generation and maturation methods, antigens and administration routes from trial to trial also limits the objective comparison of DC vaccines. In the present review, we discuss different methods of DC vaccine generation. We conclude that standardized trial designs, treatment settings and outcome assessment criteria will help to determine which DC vaccine generation approach should be applied in certain cancer cases. This will result in a reduction in alternatives in the selection of preferable DC-based vaccine tactics in patient. Moreover, it has become clear that the application of a DC vaccine alone is not sufficient and combination immunotherapy with recent advances, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, should be employed to achieve a better clinical response and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Baldin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (L.V.S.)
| | - Lyudmila V. Savvateeva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (L.V.S.)
| | - Alexandr V. Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (L.V.S.)
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Department of Cell Signaling, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +74-956-229-843
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26
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Targeting innate sensing in the tumor microenvironment to improve immunotherapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:13-26. [PMID: 31844141 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0341-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune sensing pathways play critical roles in the defense against pathogen infection, but their roles in cancer immunosurveillance and cancer therapies are less defined. We propose that defective innate immune sensing inside the tumor microenvironment might limit T-cell responses to immunotherapy. A recent mechanistic understanding of conventional therapies revealed that both innate immune sensing and T-cell responses are essential for optimal antitumor efficacy. T-cell-based immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade, has achieved great success in reactivating antitumor immune responses to lead to tumor regression, but only in a small fraction of patients. Therefore, incorporating conventional therapy that can increase innate sensing and immunotherapy should lead to promising strategies for cancer patients. Here, we review the innate sensing pathways related to cancer initiation/progression and therapies, summarize the recent key findings in innate immune sensing related to conventional therapies, evaluate current combination strategies, and highlight the potential issues of combinational therapies in terms of antitumor efficacy and toxicities.
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27
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Roe K, Shu GL, Draves KE, Giordano D, Pepper M, Clark EA. Targeting Antigens to CD180 but Not CD40 Programs Immature and Mature B Cell Subsets to Become Efficient APCs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1715-1729. [PMID: 31484732 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Targeting Ags to the CD180 receptor activates both B cells and dendritic cells (DCs) to become potent APCs. After inoculating mice with Ag conjugated to an anti-CD180 Ab, B cell receptors were rapidly internalized. Remarkably, all B cell subsets, including even transitional 1 B cells, were programed to process, present Ag, and stimulate Ag-specific CD4+ T cells. Within 24-48 hours, Ag-specific B cells were detectable at T-B borders in the spleen; there, they proliferated in a T cell-dependent manner and induced the maturation of T follicular helper (TFH) cells. Remarkably, immature B cells were sufficient for the maturation of TFH cells after CD180 targeting: TFH cells were induced in BAFFR-/- mice (with only transitional 1 B cells) and not in μMT mice (lacking all B cells) following CD180 targeting. Unlike CD180 targeting, CD40 targeting only induced DCs but not B cells to become APCs and thus failed to efficiently induce TFH cell maturation, resulting in slower and lower-affinity IgG Ab responses. CD180 targeting induces a unique program in Ag-specific B cells and to our knowledge, is a novel strategy to induce Ag presentation in both DCs and B cells, especially immature B cells and thus has the potential to produce a broad range of Ab specificities. This study highlights the ability of immature B cells to present Ag to and induce the maturation of cognate TFH cells, providing insights toward vaccination of mature B cell-deficient individuals and implications in treating autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Roe
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Geraldine L Shu
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Kevin E Draves
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Daniela Giordano
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Marion Pepper
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Edward A Clark
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
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28
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King HAD, Gonelli CA, Tullett KM, Lahoud MH, Purcell DFJ, Drummer HE, Poumbourios P, Center RJ. Conjugation of an scFab domain to the oligomeric HIV envelope protein for use in immune targeting. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220986. [PMID: 31430333 PMCID: PMC6701830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A promising strategy for the enhancement of vaccine-mediated immune responses is by directly targeting protein antigens to immune cells. Targeting of antigens to the dendritic cell (DC) molecule Clec9A has been shown to enhance antibody affinity and titers for model antigens, and influenza and enterovirus antigens, and may be advantageous for immunogens that otherwise fail to elicit antibodies with sufficient titers and breadth for broad protection, such as the envelope protein (Env) of HIV. Previously employed targeting strategies often utilize receptor-specific antibodies, however it is impractical to conjugate a bivalent IgG antibody to oligomeric antigens, including HIV Env trimers. Here we designed single chain variable fragment (scFv) and single chain Fab (scFab) constructs of a Clec9A-targeting antibody, expressed as genetically fused conjugates with the soluble ectodomain of Env, gp140. This conjugation did not affect the presentation of Env neutralising antibody epitopes. The scFab moiety was shown to be more stable than scFv, and in the context of gp140 fusions, was able to mediate better binding to recombinant and cell surface-expressed Clec9A, although the level of binding to cell-surface Clec9A was lower than that of the anti-Clec9A IgG. However, binding to Clec9A on the surface of DCs was not detected. Mouse immunization experiments suggested that the Clec9A-binding activity of the scFab-gp140 conjugate was insufficient to enhance Env-specific antibody responses. This is an important first proof of principle study demonstrating the conjugation of a scFab to an oligomeric protein antigen, and that an scFab displays better antigen binding than the corresponding scFv. Future developments of this technique that increase the scFab affinity will provide a valuable means to target oligomeric proteins to cell surface antigens of interest, improving vaccine-generated immune responses.
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MESH Headings
- AIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage
- AIDS Vaccines/genetics
- AIDS Vaccines/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibody Affinity
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Epitopes/immunology
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- HIV Antibodies/immunology
- HIV Infections/immunology
- HIV Infections/therapy
- HIV Infections/virology
- Humans
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Lectins, C-Type/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Mice
- Proof of Concept Study
- Protein Domains/genetics
- Protein Domains/immunology
- Receptors, Mitogen/immunology
- Receptors, Mitogen/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Single-Chain Antibodies/administration & dosage
- Single-Chain Antibodies/genetics
- Single-Chain Antibodies/immunology
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/administration & dosage
- env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
- env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A. D. King
- Disease Elimination, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher A. Gonelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsteen M. Tullett
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mireille H. Lahoud
- Disease Elimination, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Damian F. J. Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heidi E. Drummer
- Disease Elimination, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pantelis Poumbourios
- Disease Elimination, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rob J. Center
- Disease Elimination, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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29
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Tesfaye DY, Gudjonsson A, Bogen B, Fossum E. Targeting Conventional Dendritic Cells to Fine-Tune Antibody Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1529. [PMID: 31333661 PMCID: PMC6620736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) facilitate cross talk between the innate and adaptive immune system. They sense and phagocytose invading pathogens, and are not only capable of activating naïve T cells, but can also determine the polarization of T cell responses into different effector subtypes. Polarized T cells in turn have a crucial role in antibody class switching and affinity maturation, and consequently the quality of the resulting humoral immunity. Targeting vaccines to DCs thus provides a great deal of opportunities for influencing the humoral immune responses, by fine-tuning the T cell response as well as regulating antigen availability for B cells. In this review we aim to outline how different DC targeted vaccination strategies can be utilized to induce a desired humoral immune response. A range of factors, including route of vaccine administration, use of adjuvants, choice of DC subset and surface receptor to target have been reported to influence the resulting immune response and will be reviewed herein. Finally, we will discuss opportunities for designing improved vaccines and challenges with translating this knowledge into clinical or veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demo Yemane Tesfaye
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Research on Influenza Vaccines, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arnar Gudjonsson
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Research on Influenza Vaccines, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Research on Influenza Vaccines, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Even Fossum
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Research on Influenza Vaccines, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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30
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Bernelin-Cottet C, Urien C, Stubsrud E, Jakob V, Bouguyon E, Bordet E, Barc C, Boulesteix O, Contreras V, Barnier-Quer C, Collin N, Trus I, Nauwynck H, Bertho N, Schwartz-Cornil I. A DNA-Modified Live Vaccine Prime-Boost Strategy Broadens the T-Cell Response and Enhances the Antibody Response against the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:E551. [PMID: 31207934 PMCID: PMC6630347 DOI: 10.3390/v11060551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) induces reproductive disorders in sows and respiratory illnesses in growing pigs and is considered as one of the main pathogenic agents responsible for economic losses in the porcine industry worldwide. Modified live PRRSV vaccines (MLVs) are very effective vaccine types against homologous strains but they present only partial protection against heterologous viral variants. With the goal to induce broad and cross-protective immunity, we generated DNA vaccines encoding B and T antigens derived from a European subtype 1 strain that include T-cell epitope sequences known to be conserved across strains. These antigens were expressed either in a native form or in the form of vaccibodies targeted to the endocytic receptor XCR1 and CD11c expressed by different types of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). When delivered in skin with cationic nanoparticles and surface electroporation, multiple DNA vaccinations as a stand-alone regimen induced substantial antibody and T-cell responses, which were not promoted by targeting antigens to APCs. Interestingly, a DNA-MLV prime-boost strategy strongly enhanced the antibody response and broadened the T-cell responses over the one induced by MLV or DNA-only. The anti-nucleoprotein antibody response induced by the DNA-MLV prime-boost was clearly promoted by targeting the antigen to CD11c and XCR1, indicating a benefit of APC-targeting on the B-cell response. In conclusion, a DNA-MLV prime-boost strategy, by enhancing the potency and breadth of MLV vaccines, stands as a promising vaccine strategy to improve the control of PRRSV in infected herds.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibody Formation
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunization Schedule
- Organisms, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Organisms, Genetically Modified/immunology
- Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/prevention & control
- Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/genetics
- Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/immunology
- Swine
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Attenuated/genetics
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Bernelin-Cottet
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Céline Urien
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | | | - Virginie Jakob
- Vaccine Formulation Laboratory, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Edwige Bouguyon
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Elise Bordet
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Céline Barc
- Plate-Forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale-PFIE-UE1277, INRA, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Olivier Boulesteix
- Plate-Forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale-PFIE-UE1277, INRA, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Vanessa Contreras
- Immunology of viral infections and autoimmune diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, INSERM U1184-CEA-Université Paris Sud 11, 92260 Fontenay-Aux-Roses et 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Christophe Barnier-Quer
- Vaccine Formulation Laboratory, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Collin
- Vaccine Formulation Laboratory, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Ivan Trus
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Hans Nauwynck
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Nicolas Bertho
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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31
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Chrun T, Lacôte S, Urien C, Richard CA, Tenbusch M, Aubrey N, Pulido C, Lakhdar L, Marianneau P, Schwartz-Cornil I. A DNA Vaccine Encoding the Gn Ectodomain of Rift Valley Fever Virus Protects Mice via a Humoral Response Decreased by DEC205 Targeting. Front Immunol 2019; 10:860. [PMID: 31105695 PMCID: PMC6494931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is responsible for a serious mosquito-borne viral disease in humans and ruminants. The development of a new and safer vaccine is urgently needed due to the risk of introduction of this arbovirus into RVFV-free continents. We recently showed that a DNA vaccine encoding eGn, the ectodomain of the RVFV Gn glycoprotein, conferred a substantial protection in the sheep natural host and that the anti-eGn IgG levels correlated to protection. Addressing eGn to DEC205 reduced the protective efficacy while decreasing the antibody and increasing the IFNγ T cell responses in sheep. In order to get further insight into the involved mechanisms, we evaluated our eGn-encoding DNA vaccine strategy in the reference mouse species. A DNA vaccine encoding eGn induced full clinical protection in mice and the passive transfer of immune serum was protective. This further supports that antibodies, although non-neutralizing in vitro, are instrumental in the protection against RVFV. Addressing eGn to DEC205 was also detrimental to protection in mice, and in this species, both the antibody and the IFNγ T cell responses were strongly decreased. Conversely when using a plasmid encoding a different antigen, i.e., mCherry, DEC205 targeting promoted the antibody response. Altogether our results show that the outcome of targeting antigens to DEC205 depends on the species and on the fused antigen and is not favorable in the case of eGn. In addition, we bring evidences that eGn in itself is a pertinent antigen to be included in a DNA vaccine and that next developments should aim at promoting the anti-eGn antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphany Chrun
- VIM-INRA-Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,ANSES-Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Virologie, Lyon, France
| | - Sandra Lacôte
- ANSES-Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Virologie, Lyon, France
| | - Céline Urien
- VIM-INRA-Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Aubrey
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Team BioMAP, Nouzilly, France
| | - Coralie Pulido
- ANSES-Laboratoire de Lyon, Plateforme d'Expérimentation Animale, Lyon, France
| | - Latifa Lakhdar
- ANSES-Laboratoire de Lyon, Plateforme d'Expérimentation Animale, Lyon, France
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32
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Moysi E, Petrovas C, Koup RA. The role of follicular helper CD4 T cells in the development of HIV-1 specific broadly neutralizing antibody responses. Retrovirology 2018; 15:54. [PMID: 30081906 PMCID: PMC6080353 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-018-0437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The induction of HIV-1-specific antibodies that can neutralize a broad number of isolates is a major goal of HIV-1 vaccination strategies. However, to date no candidate HIV-1 vaccine has successfully elicited broadly neutralizing antibodies of sufficient quality and breadth for protection. In this review, we focus on the role of follicular helper CD4 T-cells (Tfh) in the development of such cross-reactive protective antibodies. We discuss germinal center (GC) formation and the dynamics of Tfh and GC B cells during HIV-1/SIV infection and vaccination. Finally, we consider future directions for the study of Tfh and offer perspective on factors that could be modulated to enhance Tfh function in the context of prophylactic vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Moysi
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | | | - Richard A Koup
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, USA
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Gornati L, Zanoni I, Granucci F. Dendritic Cells in the Cross Hair for the Generation of Tailored Vaccines. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1484. [PMID: 29997628 PMCID: PMC6030256 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines represent the discovery of utmost importance for global health, due to both prophylactic action to prevent infections and therapeutic intervention in neoplastic diseases. Despite this, current vaccination strategies need to be refined to successfully generate robust protective antigen-specific memory immune responses. To address this issue, one possibility is to exploit the high efficiency of dendritic cells (DCs) as antigen-presenting cells for T cell priming. DCs functional plasticity allows shaping the outcome of immune responses to achieve the required type of immunity. Therefore, the choice of adjuvants to guide and sustain DCs maturation, the design of multifaceted vehicles, and the choice of surface molecules to specifically target DCs represent the key issues currently explored in both preclinical and clinical settings. Here, we review advances in DCs-based vaccination approaches, which exploit direct in vivo DCs targeting and activation options. We also discuss the recent findings for efficient antitumor DCs-based vaccinations and combination strategies to reduce the immune tolerance promoted by the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gornati
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Division of Gastroenterology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Francesca Granucci
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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