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Veerapandian R, Gadad SS, Jagannath C, Dhandayuthapani S. Live Attenuated Vaccines against Tuberculosis: Targeting the Disruption of Genes Encoding the Secretory Proteins of Mycobacteria. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:530. [PMID: 38793781 PMCID: PMC11126151 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a chronic infectious disease affecting humans, causes over 1.3 million deaths per year throughout the world. The current preventive vaccine BCG provides protection against childhood TB, but it fails to protect against pulmonary TB. Multiple candidates have been evaluated to either replace or boost the efficacy of the BCG vaccine, including subunit protein, DNA, virus vector-based vaccines, etc., most of which provide only short-term immunity. Several live attenuated vaccines derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and BCG have also been developed to induce long-term immunity. Since Mtb mediates its virulence through multiple secreted proteins, these proteins have been targeted to produce attenuated but immunogenic vaccines. In this review, we discuss the characteristics and prospects of live attenuated vaccines generated by targeting the disruption of the genes encoding secretory mycobacterial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Veerapandian
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Shrikanth S. Gadad
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute & Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Subramanian Dhandayuthapani
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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Peng YF. Pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus: Epidemiology, pathogenesis and therapeutic management (Review). MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2024; 4:4. [PMID: 38204892 PMCID: PMC10777470 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2023.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The dual burden of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global public health concern. There is increasing evidence to indicate an association between PTB and DM. DM is associated with immune dysfunction and altered immune components. Hyperglycemia weakens the innate immune response by affecting the function of macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and natural killer cells, and also disrupts the adaptive immune response, thus promoting the susceptibility of PTB in patients with DM. Antituberculosis drugs often cause the impairment of liver and kidney function in patients with PTB, and the infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis weaken pancreatic endocrine function by causing islet cell amyloidosis, which disrupts glucose metabolism and thus increases the risk of developing DM in patients with PTB. The present review discusses the association between PTB and DM from the perspective of epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment management. The present review aims to provide information for the rational formulation of treatment strategies for patients with PTB-DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Fan Peng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
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Aceves-Sánchez MDJ, Barrios-Payán JA, Segura-Cerda CA, Flores-Valdez MA, Mata-Espinosa D, Pedroza-Roldán C, Yadav R, Saini DK, de la Cruz MA, Ares MA, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Baay-Guzmán G, Vergne I, Velázquez-Fernández JB, Barba León J, Hernández-Pando R. BCG∆BCG1419c and BCG differ in induction of autophagy, c-di-GMP content, proteome, and progression of lung pathology in Mycobacterium tuberculosis HN878-infected male BALB/c mice. Vaccine 2023; 41:3824-3835. [PMID: 37164819 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of BCG vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains of lineage 2 (Beijing) in preclinical models and humans has been questioned. We have developed BCG∆BCG1419c, by deletion of BCG1419c in BCG Pasteur, which improved control of tuberculosis (TB) in preclinical models. Here, we compared the capacity of BCG and BCG∆BCG1419c to induce autophagy in murine macrophages, modify c-di-GMP content and transcript levels of BCG1416c, encoding the enzyme responsible for c-di-GMP synthesis/degradation, and of BCG1419c, encoding the phosphodiesterase involved in c-di-GMP degradation. Furthermore, we evaluated proteomic differences in vitro and compared protection against TB produced by a low dose of the HN878-Beijing strain at 3- and 6-months post-infection. We found that BCG∆BCG1419c induced more autophagy and produced different levels of c-di-GMP as well as different transcription of BCG1416c with no expression of BCG1419c. BCG∆BCG1419c differentially produced several proteins, including some involved in interaction with host cells. Vaccination with either BCG strain led to control of bacillary burden in lungs and spleen at 3- but not 6-months post-infection, whereas it reduced pneumonic areas compared with unvaccinated controls at 6 months post-infection. Vaccination with BCG∆BCG1419c delayed progression of lung necrosis as this was observed only at 6 months post-infection. Taken together, compared with BCG, BCG∆BCG1419c increased autophagy, presented different levels of c-di-GMP and transcription of BCG1416c in vitro in a growth-phase dependent manner, modified its proteome and delayed progression of lung pathology produced by a highly virulent Beijing strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel de Jesús Aceves-Sánchez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44270, México
| | - Jorge Alberto Barrios-Payán
- Laboratorio de Patología Experimental. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez sección 16, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Cristian Alfredo Segura-Cerda
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44270, México
| | - Mario Alberto Flores-Valdez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44270, México.
| | - Dulce Mata-Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Patología Experimental. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez sección 16, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - César Pedroza-Roldán
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Rahul Yadav
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Saini
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Miguel Angel de la Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Centro Médico Nacional (CMN) Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano de Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Ares
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Centro Médico Nacional (CMN) Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano de Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland St. Lucia Campus, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Guillermina Baay-Guzmán
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Hematooncológicas. Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Del. Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Isabelle Vergne
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Jeannette Barba León
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Km. 15.5 Carretera a Nogales, Zapopan, Jalisco 45110, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Laboratorio de Patología Experimental. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez sección 16, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Recent Developments in Mycobacteria-Based Live Attenuated Vaccine Candidates for Tuberculosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112749. [PMID: 36359269 PMCID: PMC9687462 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an excellent approach to stimulating the host immune response and reducing human morbidity and mortality against microbial infections, such as tuberculosis (TB). Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the most widely administered vaccine in the world and the only vaccine approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) to protect against TB. Although BCG confers "protective" immunity in children against the progression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection into active TB, this vaccine is ineffective in protecting adults with active TB manifestations, such as multiple-, extensive-, and total-drug-resistant (MDR/XDR/TDR) cases and the co-existence of TB with immune-compromising health conditions, such as HIV infection or diabetes. Moreover, BCG can cause disease in individuals with HIV infection or other immune compromises. Due to these limitations of BCG, novel strategies are urgently needed to improve global TB control measures. Since live vaccines elicit a broader immune response and do not require an adjuvant, developing recombinant BCG (rBCG) vaccine candidates have received significant attention as a potential replacement for the currently approved BCG vaccine for TB prevention. In this report, we aim to present the latest findings and outstanding questions that we consider worth investigating regarding novel mycobacteria-based live attenuated TB vaccine candidates. We also specifically discuss the important features of two key animal models, mice and rabbits, that are relevant to TB vaccine testing. Our review emphasizes that the development of vaccines that block the reactivation of latent Mtb infection (LTBI) into active TB would have a significant impact in reducing the spread and transmission of Mtb. The results and ideas discussed here are only based on reports from the last five years to keep the focus on recent developments.
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Impact of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection on Human B Cell Compartment and Antibody Responses. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182906. [PMID: 36139482 PMCID: PMC9497247 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most important health challenges worldwide. Control of the TB epidemic has not yet been achieved because of the lack of an effective vaccine and rapid and sensitive diagnostic approaches, as well as the emergence of drug-resistant forms of M. tuberculosis. Cellular immunity has a pivotal role against M. tuberculosis infection, but the role of humoral immunity is still controversial. We analyzed the frequency, absolute counts, and phenotypic and functional subsets of B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with active TB and subjects with latent infection compared to healthy donors. Moreover, we analyzed serum levels of total Ig and their IgA, IgM, and IgG isotypes and the titers of preexisting antibodies against a pool of common viral pathogens. FlowCT and unsupervised clusterization analysis show that patients with active TB and LTBI subjects have modest non-significant reduction in the numbers of circulating B lymphocytes as compared to healthy donors. Moreover, LTBI subjects had high percentages of atypical B cell population and lower percentages of naive and switched memory B cells. These findings were supported by gene expression and GSEA analysis. Moreover, there were no differences between active TB patients, LTBI subjects and HD, either in serum levels of total Ig isotypes or in preexisting IgG antibody titers, to ten different antigens from eight common pathogenic viruses, clearly demonstrating that either active or latent M. tuberculosis infection preserves the antibody production capacity of long-lived plasma cells. Thus, our results agree with previous studies reporting unaltered B cell frequencies in the blood of active TB patients and LTBI individuals as compared to healthy controls.
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Association between vitamin D and insulin resistance in adults with latent tuberculosis infection: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:930-935. [PMID: 35878516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence demonstrated that vitamin D insufficiency was involved in insulin resistance (IR) pathogenesis and associated with tuberculosis. However, the association of vitamin D and IR in patients with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the association between vitamin D and insulin resistance in US adults with LTBI. METHOD National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants ≥ 20 years during the years 2011-2012 with positive QuantiFERON®-TB Gold-In-Tube (QFT) or tuberculin skin testing (TST) were enrolled in present study. Participants with LTBI were divided into 2 groups: (1) vitamin D insufficiency group (n = 267), and (2) vitamin D sufficiency group (n = 437). RESULTS Weighted analysis of all the population in the study showed that serum 25(OH)D inversely correlated with HOMA-IR (r = -0.14, P = 0.008). The vitamin D insufficiency group had higher fasting insulin (17.5 (1.38) vs. 15.29 (3.1), respectively, P = 0.0013) and HOMA-IR (5.0 (0.4) vs. 4.5 (1), respectively, P = 0.013) than the vitamin D sufficiency group. In adjusted analysis, vitamin D levels was independently associated with insulin resistance (adjusted OR [aOR] 2.74; 95% CI, 1.01-7.48, p = 0.0489). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study suggested that serum 25(OH) D concentrations were inversely and independently associated with HOMA-IR in LTBI.
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Evaluation of early innate and adaptive immune responses to the TB vaccine Mycobacterium bovis BCG and vaccine candidate BCGΔBCG1419c. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12377. [PMID: 35858977 PMCID: PMC9300728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14935-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The vaccine Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) elicits an immune response that is protective against certain forms of tuberculosis (TB); however, because BCG efficacy is limited it is important to identify alternative TB vaccine candidates. Recently, the BCG deletion mutant and vaccine candidate BCGΔBCG1419c was demonstrated to survive longer in intravenously infected BALB/c mice due to enhanced biofilm formation, and better protected both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice against TB-induced lung pathology during chronic stages of infection, relative to BCG controls. BCGΔBCG1419c-elicited protection also associated with lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e. IL6, TNFα) at the site of infection in C57BL/6 mice. Given the distinct immune profiles of BCG- and BCGΔBCG1419c-immunized mice during chronic TB, we set out to determine if there are early immunological events which distinguish these two groups, using multi-dimensional flow cytometric analysis of the lungs and other tissues soon after immunization. Our results demonstrate a number of innate and adaptive response differences between BCG- and BCGΔBCG1419c-immunized mice which are consistent with the latter being longer lasting and potentially less inflammatory, including lower frequencies of exhausted CD4+ T helper (TH) cells and higher frequencies of IL10-producing T cells, respectively. These studies suggest the use of BCGΔBCG1419c may be advantageous as an alternative TB vaccine candidate.
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Flores-Valdez MA, Segura-Cerda CA. Preclinical evaluation of tuberculosis vaccine candidates: Is it time to harmonize study design and readouts for prioritizing their development? Vaccine 2020; 39:173-175. [PMID: 33334615 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Alberto Flores-Valdez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A. C., Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, 44270 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Cristian Alfredo Segura-Cerda
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44270, Mexico
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Velázquez-Fernández JB, Ferreira-Souza GHM, Rodríguez-Campos J, Aceves-Sánchez MDJ, Bravo-Madrigal J, Vallejo-Cardona AA, Flores-Valdez MA. Proteomic characterization of a second-generation version of the BCGΔBCG1419c vaccine candidate by means of electrospray-ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Pathog Dis 2020; 79:5986614. [PMID: 33201999 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the most important infectious disease worldwide, based on the number of new cases and deaths reported by the World Health Organization. Several vaccine candidates against TB have been characterized at preclinical and clinical levels. The BCGΔBCG1419c vaccine candidate, which lacks the BCG1419c gene that encodes for a c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase, provides improved efficacy against chronic TB, reactivation from latent-like infection and against chronic TB in the presence of type 2 diabetes in murine models. We previously reported that compared with wild type BCG, BCGΔBCG1419c changed levels of several proteins. Here, using a label-free proteomic approach, we confirmed that a novel, second-generation version of BCGΔBCG1419c maintains changes in antigenic proteins already reported, and here we further found differences in secreted proteins, as well as that this new BCGΔBCG1419c version modifies its production of proteins involved in redox and nitrogen/protein metabolism compared with wild type BCG. This work contributes to the proteomic characterization of a novel vaccine candidate that is more effective against TB than parental BCG in diverse murine models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo Henrique Martins Ferreira-Souza
- Mass Spectrometry Research & Development Laboratory, SpectraMass Limited, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255 - Cidade Universitária, Campinas - SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Jacobo Rodríguez-Campos
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), A. C., Unidad de Servicios Analíticos y Metrológicos, Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, 44270 Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Michel de Jesús Aceves-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), A.C., Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, 44270 Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Jorge Bravo-Madrigal
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), A.C., Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, 44270 Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Alba Adriana Vallejo-Cardona
- CONACYT-CIATEJ, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, 44270 Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Mario Alberto Flores-Valdez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), A.C., Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, 44270 Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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