1
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Niraula G, Pyne A, Wang X. Develop Tandem Tension Sensor to Gauge Integrin-Transmitted Molecular Forces. ACS Sens 2024; 9:3660-3670. [PMID: 38968930 PMCID: PMC11287754 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
DNA-based tension sensors have innovated the imaging and calibration of mechanosensitive receptor-transmitted molecular forces, such as integrin tensions. However, these sensors mainly serve as binary reporters, only indicating if molecular forces exceed one predefined threshold. Here, we have developed tandem tension sensor (TTS), which comprises two consecutive force-sensing units, each with unique force detection thresholds and distinct fluorescence spectra, thereby enabling the quantification of molecular forces with dual reference levels. With TTS, we revealed that vinculin is not required for transmitting integrin tensions at approximately 10 pN (piconewtons) but is essential for elevating integrin tensions beyond 20 pN in focal adhesions (FAs). Such high tensions have emerged during the early stage of FA formation. TTS also successfully detected changes in integrin tensions in response to disrupted actin formation, inhibited myosin activity, and tuned substrate elasticity. We also applied TTS to examine integrin tensions in platelets and revealed two force regimes, with integrin tensions surpassing 20 pN at cell central regions and 13-20 pN integrin tensions at the cell edge. Overall, TTS, especially the construct consisting of a hairpin DNA (13 pN opening force) and a shearing DNA (20 pN opening force), stands as a valuable tool for the quantification of receptor-transmitted molecular forces within living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Niraula
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Arghajit Pyne
- Research
Division in Hoxworth Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45219, United States
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Research
Division in Hoxworth Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45219, United States
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2
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Zhang Y, Du J, Liu X, Shang F, Deng Y, Ye J, Wang Y, Yan J, Chen H, Yu M, Le S. Multi-domain interaction mediated strength-building in human α-actinin dimers unveiled by direct single-molecule quantification. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6151. [PMID: 39034324 PMCID: PMC11271494 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50430-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
α-Actinins play crucial roles in cytoskeletal mechanobiology by acting as force-bearing structural modules that orchestrate and sustain the cytoskeletal framework, serving as pivotal hubs for diverse mechanosensing proteins. The mechanical stability of α-actinin dimer, a determinant of its functional state, remains largely unexplored. Here, we directly quantify the force-dependent lifetimes of homo- and hetero-dimers of human α-actinins, revealing an ultra-high mechanical stability of the dimers associated with > 100 seconds lifetime within 40 pN forces under shear-stretching geometry. Intriguingly, we uncover that the strong dimer stability is arisen from much weaker sub-domain pair interactions, suggesting the existence of distinct dimerized functional states of the dimer, spanning a spectrum of mechanical stability, with the spectrin repeats (SRs) in folded or unfolded conformation. In essence, our study supports a potent mechanism for building strength in biomolecular dimers through weak, multiple sub-domain interactions, and illuminates multifaceted roles of α-actinin dimers in cytoskeletal mechanics and mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zhang
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Lab for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Jingyi Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fei Shang
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Lab for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Yunxin Deng
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Jiaqing Ye
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Lab for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Yukai Wang
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Lab for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Lab for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China.
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Shimin Le
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Lab for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China.
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3
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Jiang L, Yan C, Yi Y, Zhu L, Liu Z, Zhang D, Jiang W. Cell size regulates human endoderm specification through actomyosin-dependent AMOT-YAP signaling. Stem Cell Reports 2024:S2213-6711(24)00208-X. [PMID: 39094563 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell size is a crucial physical property that significantly impacts cellular physiology and function. However, the influence of cell size on stem cell specification remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the dynamic changes in cell size during the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into definitive endoderm (DE). Interestingly, cell size exhibited a gradual decrease as DE differentiation progressed with higher stiffness. Furthermore, the application of hypertonic pressure or chemical to accelerate the reduction in cell size significantly and specifically enhanced DE differentiation. By functionally intervening in mechanosensitive elements, we have identified actomyosin activity as a crucial mediator of both DE differentiation and cell size reduction. Mechanistically, the reduction in cell size induces actomyosin-dependent angiomotin (AMOT) nuclear translocation, which suppresses Yes-associated protein (YAP) activity and thus facilitates DE differentiation. Together, our study has established a novel connection between cell size diminution and DE differentiation, which is mediated by AMOT nuclear translocation. Additionally, our findings suggest that the application of osmotic pressure can effectively promote human endodermal lineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chenchao Yan
- Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ying Yi
- Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lihang Zhu
- Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China.
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4
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Eliahoo P, Setayesh H, Hoffman T, Wu Y, Li S, Treweek JB. Viscoelasticity in 3D Cell Culture and Regenerative Medicine: Measurement Techniques and Biological Relevance. ACS MATERIALS AU 2024; 4:354-384. [PMID: 39006396 PMCID: PMC11240420 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.3c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The field of mechanobiology is gaining prominence due to recent findings that show cells sense and respond to the mechanical properties of their environment through a process called mechanotransduction. The mechanical properties of cells, cell organelles, and the extracellular matrix are understood to be viscoelastic. Various technologies have been researched and developed for measuring the viscoelasticity of biological materials, which may provide insight into both the cellular mechanisms and the biological functions of mechanotransduction. Here, we explain the concept of viscoelasticity and introduce the major techniques that have been used to measure the viscoelasticity of various soft materials in different length- and timescale frames. The topology of the material undergoing testing, the geometry of the probe, the magnitude of the exerted stress, and the resulting deformation should be carefully considered to choose a proper technique for each application. Lastly, we discuss several applications of viscoelasticity in 3D cell culture and tissue models for regenerative medicine, including organoids, organ-on-a-chip systems, engineered tissue constructs, and tunable viscoelastic hydrogels for 3D bioprinting and cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Eliahoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 United States
| | - Hesam Setayesh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 United States
| | - Tyler Hoffman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Jennifer B Treweek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 United States
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5
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Wu Y, Wang GA, Yang Q, Li F. Native Characterization of Noncanonical Nucleic Acid Thermodynamics via Programmable Dynamic DNA Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18041-18049. [PMID: 38899479 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Folding thermodynamics, quantitatively described using parameters such as ΔGfold°, ΔHfold°, and ΔSfold°, is essential for characterizing the stability and functionality of noncanonical nucleic acid structures but remains difficult to measure at the molecular level. Leveraging the programmability of dynamic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) chemistry, we introduce a DNA-based molecular tool capable of performing a free energy shift assay (FESA) that directly characterizes the thermodynamics of noncanonical DNA structures in their native environments. FESA operates by the rational design of a reference DNA probe that is energetically equivalent to a target noncanonical nucleic acid structure in a series of toehold-exchange reactions, yet is structurally incapable of folding. As a result, a free energy shift (ΔΔGrxn°) is observed when plotting the reaction yield against the free energy of each toehold-exchange. We mathematically demonstrated that ΔGfold°, ΔHfold°, and ΔSfold° of the analyte can be calculated based on ΔΔGrxn°. After validating FESA using six DNA hairpins by comparing the measured ΔGfold°, ΔHfold°, and ΔSfold° values against predictions made by NUPACK software, we adapted FESA to characterize noncanonical nucleic acid structures, encompassing DNA triplexes, G-quadruplexes, and aptamers. This adaptation enabled the successful characterization of the folding thermodynamics for these complex structures under various experimental conditions. The successful development of FESA marks a paradigm shift and a technical advancement in characterizing the thermodynamics of noncanonical DNA structures through molecular tools. It also opens new avenues for probing fundamental chemical and biophysical questions through the lens of molecular engineering and dynamic DNA chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Guan Alex Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Qianfan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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6
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Hu Y, Li H, Zhang C, Feng J, Wang W, Chen W, Yu M, Liu X, Zhang X, Liu Z. DNA-based ForceChrono probes for deciphering single-molecule force dynamics in living cells. Cell 2024; 187:3445-3459.e15. [PMID: 38838668 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Understanding cellular force transmission dynamics is crucial in mechanobiology. We developed the DNA-based ForceChrono probe to measure force magnitude, duration, and loading rates at the single-molecule level within living cells. The ForceChrono probe circumvents the limitations of in vitro single-molecule force spectroscopy by enabling direct measurements within the dynamic cellular environment. Our findings reveal integrin force loading rates of 0.5-2 pN/s and durations ranging from tens of seconds in nascent adhesions to approximately 100 s in mature focal adhesions. The probe's robust and reversible design allows for continuous monitoring of these dynamic changes as cells undergo morphological transformations. Additionally, by analyzing how mutations, deletions, or pharmacological interventions affect these parameters, we can deduce the functional roles of specific proteins or domains in cellular mechanotransduction. The ForceChrono probe provides detailed insights into the dynamics of mechanical forces, advancing our understanding of cellular mechanics and the molecular mechanisms of mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Hu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Hongyun Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Jingjing Feng
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Wenxu Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Wei Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Miao Yu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Xinping Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Xinghua Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China.
| | - Zheng Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China.
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Chen T, Chen G, Cao S, Tang X, Li W, Liu C, Gou H, Sun P, Mao Y, Pan Q, Zhang P, Zhu X. Dynamic Addressing Molecular Robot (DAMR): An Effective and Efficient Trial-and-Error Approach for the Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402140. [PMID: 38884120 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Accurate and efficient molecular recognition plays a crucial role in the fields of molecular detection and diagnostics. Conventional trial-and-error-based molecular recognition approaches have always been challenged in distinguishing minimal differences between targets and non-targets, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of oligonucleotides. To address these challenges, here, a novel concept of dynamic addressing analysis is proposed. In this concept, by dissecting the regions of the target and creating a corresponding recognizer, it is possible to eliminate the inaccuracy and inefficiency of recognition. To achieve this concept, a Dynamic Addressing Molecular Robot (DAMR), a DNA-based dynamic addressing device is developed which is capable of dynamically locating targets. DAMR is designed to first bind to the conserved region of the target while addressing the specific region dynamically until accurate recognition is achieved. DAMR has provided an approach for analyzing low-resolution targets and has been used for analyzing SNP of miR-196a2 in both cell and serum samples, which has opened new avenues for effective and efficient molecular recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostics for Pediatrics, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Guifang Chen
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Cao
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochen Tang
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostics for Pediatrics, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Wenxing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Chenbin Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Hongquan Gou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Pei Sun
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yichun Mao
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhui Pan
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostics for Pediatrics, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Penghui Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201299, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
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8
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Chen H, Wang S, Cao Y, Lei H. Molecular Force Sensors for Biological Application. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6198. [PMID: 38892386 PMCID: PMC11173168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanical forces exerted by cells on their surrounding microenvironment are known as cellular traction forces. These forces play crucial roles in various biological processes, such as tissue development, wound healing and cell functions. However, it is hard for traditional techniques to measure cellular traction forces accurately because their magnitude (from pN to nN) and the length scales over which they occur (from nm to μm) are extremely small. In order to fully understand mechanotransduction, highly sensitive tools for measuring cellular forces are needed. Current powerful techniques for measuring traction forces include traction force microscopy (TFM) and fluorescent molecular force sensors (FMFS). In this review, we elucidate the force imaging principles of TFM and FMFS. Then we highlight the application of FMFS in a variety of biological processes and offer our perspectives and insights into the potential applications of FMFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (H.C.); (S.W.)
| | - Shouhan Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (H.C.); (S.W.)
| | - Yi Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (H.C.); (S.W.)
| | - Hai Lei
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Institute for Advanced Study in Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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9
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Chen T, Giannone G. Single molecule imaging unveils cellular architecture, dynamics and mechanobiology. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 88:102369. [PMID: 38759257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The biomechanical regulation of the cytoskeleton and cell adhesions underlies various essential cellular functions. Studying them requires visualizing their nanostructure and molecular dynamics with evermore precise spatio-temporal resolution. In this review we will focus on the recent advances in single molecule fluorescence imaging techniques and discuss how they improve our understanding of mechanically sensitive cellular structures such as adhesions and the cytoskeleton. We will also discuss future directions for research, emphasizing on the 3D nature of cellular structures and tissues, their mechanical regulation at the molecule level, as well as how super-resolution microscopy will enhance our knowledge on protein structure and conformational changes in the cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchi Chen
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Grégory Giannone
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
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10
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Huang Y, Chen T, Chen X, Chen X, Zhang J, Liu S, Lu M, Chen C, Ding X, Yang C, Huang R, Song Y. Decoding Biomechanical Cues Based on DNA Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310330. [PMID: 38185740 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Biological systems perceive and respond to mechanical forces, generating mechanical cues to regulate life processes. Analyzing biomechanical forces has profound significance for understanding biological functions. Therefore, a series of molecular mechanical techniques have been developed, mainly including single-molecule force spectroscopy, traction force microscopy, and molecular tension sensor systems, which provide indispensable tools for advancing the field of mechanobiology. DNA molecules with a programmable structure and well-defined mechanical characteristics have attached much attention to molecular tension sensors as sensing elements, and are designed for the study of biomechanical forces to present biomechanical information with high sensitivity and resolution. In this work, a comprehensive overview of molecular mechanical technology is presented, with a particular focus on molecular tension sensor systems, specifically those based on DNA. Finally, the future development and challenges of DNA-based molecular tension sensor systems are looked upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Huang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Ting Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Xiaodie Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Ximing Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Sinong Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Menghao Lu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Chong Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Xiangyu Ding
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
- Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ruiyun Huang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yanling Song
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
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11
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Han Z, Hayes OG, Partridge BE, Huang C, Mirkin CA. Reversible strain-promoted DNA polymerization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado8020. [PMID: 38657068 PMCID: PMC11042731 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado8020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Molecular strain can be introduced to influence the outcome of chemical reactions. Once a thermodynamic product is formed, however, reversing the course of a strain-promoted reaction is challenging. Here, a reversible, strain-promoted polymerization in cyclic DNA is reported. The use of nonhybridizing, single-stranded spacers as short as a single nucleotide in length can promote DNA cyclization. Molecular strain is generated by duplexing the spacers, leading to ring opening and subsequent polymerization. Then, removal of the strain-generating duplexers triggers depolymerization and cyclic dimer recovery via enthalpy-driven cyclization and entropy-mediated ring contraction. This reversibility is retained even when a protein is conjugated to the DNA strands, and the architecture of the protein assemblies can be modulated between bivalent and polyvalent states. This work underscores the utility of using DNA not only as a programmable ligand for assembly but also as a route to access restorable bonds, thus providing a molecular basis for DNA-based materials with shape-memory, self-healing, and stimuli-responsive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Han
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Oliver G. Hayes
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Benjamin E. Partridge
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Chi Huang
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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12
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Guo YY, Gao Y, Zhao YL, Xie C, Gan H, Cheng X, Yang LP, Hu J, Shu HB, Zhong B, Lin D, Yao J. Viral infection and spread are inhibited by the polyubiquitination and downregulation of TRPV2 channel by the interferon-stimulated gene TRIM21. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114095. [PMID: 38613787 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) contributes to the host's antiviral response by inducing IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). However, their functional targets and the mechanism of action remain elusive. Here, we report that one such ISG, TRIM21, interacts with and degrades the TRPV2 channel in myeloid cells, reducing its expression and providing host protection against viral infections. Moreover, viral infection upregulates TRIM21 in paracrine and autocrine manners, downregulating TRPV2 in neighboring cells to prevent viral spread to uninfected cells. Consistently, the Trim21-/- mice are more susceptible to HSV-1 and VSV infection than the Trim21+/+ littermates, in which viral susceptibility is rescued by inhibition or deletion of TRPV2. Mechanistically, TRIM21 catalyzes the K48-linked ubiquitination of TRPV2 at Lys295. TRPV2K295R is resistant to viral-infection-induced TRIM21-dependent ubiquitination and degradation, promoting viral infection more profoundly than wild-type TRPV2 when reconstituted into Lyz2-Cre;Trpv2fl/fl myeloid cells. These findings characterize targeting the TRIM21-TRPV2 axis as a conducive strategy to control viral spread to bystander cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yao Guo
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yun-Lin Zhao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Chang Xie
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Hu Gan
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Xufeng Cheng
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Ping Yang
- Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Junyan Hu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Zhong
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.
| | - Dandan Lin
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.
| | - Jing Yao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.
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13
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Wu S, Tang W, Wang Z, Tang Z, Zheng P, Chen Z, Zhu JJ. High Dynamic Range Probing of Single-Molecule Mechanical Force Transitions at Cell-Matrix Adhesion Bonds by a Plasmonic Tension Nanosensor. JACS AU 2024; 4:1155-1165. [PMID: 38559721 PMCID: PMC10976601 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical signals in animal tissues are complex and rapidly changed, and how the force transduction emerges from the single-cell adhesion bonds remains unclear. DNA-based molecular tension sensors (MTS), albeit successful in cellular force probing, were restricted by their detection range and temporal resolution. Here, we introduced a plasmonic tension nanosensor (PTNS) to make straight progress toward these shortcomings. Contrary to the fluorescence-based MTS that only has specific force response thresholds, PTNS enabled the continuous and reversible force measurement from 1.1 to 48 pN with millisecond temporal resolution. We used the PTNS to visualize the high dynamic range single-molecule force transitions at cell-matrix adhesions during adhesion formation and migration. Time-resolved force traces revealed that the lifetime and duration of stepwise force transitions of molecular clutches are strongly modulated by the traction force through filamentous actin. The force probing technique is sensitive, fast, and robust and constitutes a potential tool for single-molecule and single-cell biophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ziyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhuodong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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14
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Yang S, Wang M, Tian D, Zhang X, Cui K, Lü S, Wang HH, Long M, Nie Z. DNA-functionalized artificial mechanoreceptor for de novo force-responsive signaling. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01572-x. [PMID: 38448735 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic signaling receptors enable programmable cellular responses coupling with customized inputs. However, engineering a designer force-sensing receptor to rewire mechanotransduction remains largely unexplored. Herein, we introduce nongenetically engineered artificial mechanoreceptors (AMRs) capable of reprogramming non-mechanoresponsive receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) to sense user-defined force cues, enabling de novo-designed mechanotransduction. AMR is a modular DNA-protein chimera comprising a mechanosensing-and-transmitting DNA nanodevice grafted on natural RTKs via aptameric anchors. AMR senses intercellular tensile force via an allosteric DNA mechano-switch with tunable piconewton-sensitive force tolerance, actuating a force-triggered dynamic DNA assembly to manipulate RTK dimerization and activate intracellular signaling. By swapping the force-reception ligands, we demonstrate the AMR-mediated activation of c-Met, a representative RTK, in response to the cellular tensile forces mediated by cell-adhesion proteins (integrin, E-cadherin) or membrane protein endocytosis (CI-M6PR). Moreover, AMR also allows the reprogramming of FGFR1, another RTK, to customize mechanobiological function, for example, adhesion-mediated neural stem cell maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Dawei Tian
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiqing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Shouqin Lü
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Mian Long
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China.
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15
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Xu F, Zhang S, Ma L, Hou Y, Li J, Denisenko A, Li Z, Spatz J, Wrachtrup J, Lei H, Cao Y, Wei Q, Chu Z. Quantum-enhanced diamond molecular tension microscopy for quantifying cellular forces. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi5300. [PMID: 38266085 PMCID: PMC10807811 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The constant interplay and information exchange between cells and the microenvironment are essential to their survival and ability to execute biological functions. To date, a few leading technologies such as traction force microscopy, optical/magnetic tweezers, and molecular tension-based fluorescence microscopy are broadly used in measuring cellular forces. However, the considerable limitations, regarding the sensitivity and ambiguities in data interpretation, are hindering our thorough understanding of mechanobiology. Here, we propose an innovative approach, namely, quantum-enhanced diamond molecular tension microscopy (QDMTM), to precisely quantify the integrin-based cell adhesive forces. Specifically, we construct a force-sensing platform by conjugating the magnetic nanotags labeled, force-responsive polymer to the surface of a diamond membrane containing nitrogen-vacancy centers. Notably, the cellular forces will be converted into detectable magnetic variations in QDMTM. After careful validation, we achieved the quantitative cellular force mapping by correlating measurement with the established theoretical model. We anticipate our method can be routinely used in studies like cell-cell or cell-material interactions and mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuxiang Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linjie Ma
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Hou
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Andrej Denisenko
- 3rd Institute of Physics, Research Center SCoPE and IQST, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Zifu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Joachim Spatz
- Department for Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials (IMSEAM), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Wrachtrup
- 3rd Institute of Physics, Research Center SCoPE and IQST, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hai Lei
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhiqin Chu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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16
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Wang W, Chen W, Wu C, Zhang C, Feng J, Liu P, Hu Y, Li H, Sun F, Jiang K, Zhang X, Liu Z. Hydrogel-based molecular tension fluorescence microscopy for investigating receptor-mediated rigidity sensing. Nat Methods 2023; 20:1780-1789. [PMID: 37798478 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-02037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) rigidity serves as a crucial mechanical cue impacting diverse biological processes. However, understanding the molecular mechanisms of rigidity sensing has been limited by the spatial resolution and force sensitivity of current cellular force measurement techniques. Here we developed a method to functionalize DNA tension probes on soft hydrogel surfaces in a controllable and reliable manner, enabling molecular tension fluorescence microscopy for rigidity sensing studies. Our findings showed that fibroblasts respond to substrate rigidity by recruiting more force-bearing integrins and modulating integrin sampling frequency of the ECM, rather than simply overloading the existing integrin-ligand bonds, to promote focal adhesion maturation. We also demonstrated that ECM rigidity positively regulates the pN force of T cell receptor-ligand bond and T cell receptor mechanical sampling frequency, promoting T cell activation. Thus, hydrogel-based molecular tension fluorescence microscopy implemented on a standard confocal microscope provides a simple and effective means to explore detailed molecular force information for rigidity-dependent biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Wang
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoyang Wu
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Feng
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengxiang Liu
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuru Hu
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyun Li
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Sun
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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17
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Sun F, Li H, Hu Y, Zhang M, Wang W, Chen W, Liu Z. Exploring Mechanical Responses of Cells to Geometric Information Using Micropatterned DNA-Based Molecular Tension Probes. ACS NANO 2023; 17:18584-18595. [PMID: 37713214 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The geometric shape of a cell is strongly influenced by the cytoskeleton, which, in turn, is regulated by integrin-mediated cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. To investigate the mechanical role of integrin in the geometrical interplay between cells and the ECM, we proposed a single-cell micropatterning technique combined with molecular tension fluorescence microscopy (MTFM), which allows us to characterize the mechanical properties of cells with prescribed geometries. Our results show that the curvature is a key geometric cue for cells to differentiate shapes in a membrane-tension- and actomyosin-dependent manner. Specifically, curvatures affect the size of focal adhesions (FAs) and induce a curvature-dependent density and spatial distribution of strong integrins. In addition, we found that the integrin subunit β1 plays a critical role in the detection of geometric information. Overall, the integration of MTFM and single-cell micropatterning offers a robust approach for investigating the nexus between mechanical cues and cellular responses, holding potential for advancing our understanding of mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Sun
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongyun Li
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuru Hu
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Mengsheng Zhang
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wenxu Wang
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Chen
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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18
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Hu Y, Duan Y, Salaita K. DNA Nanotechnology for Investigating Mechanical Signaling in the Immune System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202302967. [PMID: 37186502 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202302967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Immune recognition occurs at specialized cell-cell junctions when immune cells and target cells physically touch. In this junction, groups of receptor-ligand complexes assemble and experience molecular forces that are ultimately generated by the cellular cytoskeleton. These forces are in the range of piconewton (pN) but play crucial roles in immune cell activation and subsequent effector responses. In this minireview, we will review the development of DNA based molecular tension sensors and their applications in mapping and quantifying mechanical forces experienced by immunoreceptors including T-cell receptor (TCR), Lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1), and the B-cell receptor (BCR) among others. In addition, we will highlight the use of DNA as a mechanical gate to manipulate mechanotransduction and decipher how mechanical forces regulate antigen discrimination and receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuesong Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yuxin Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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19
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Yuan W, Zhang X, Fan X. The Role of the Piezo1 Mechanosensitive Channel in Heart Failure. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5830-5848. [PMID: 37504285 PMCID: PMC10378680 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45070369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction (MT) is inseparable from the pathobiology of heart failure (HF). However, the effects of mechanical forces on HF remain unclear. This review briefly describes how Piezo1 functions in HF-affected cells, including endothelial cells (ECs), cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), cardiomyocytes (CMs), and immune cells. Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive ion channel that has been extensively studied in recent years. Piezo1 responds to different mechanical forces and converts them into intracellular signals. The pathways that modulate the Piezo1 switch have also been briefly described. Experimental drugs that specifically activate Piezo1-like proteins, such as Yoda1, Jedi1, and Jedi2, are available for clinical studies to treat Piezo1-related diseases. The only mechanosensitive ion-channel-specific inhibitor available is GsMTx4, which can turn off Piezo1 by modulating the local membrane tension. Ultrasound waves can modulate Piezo1 switching in vitro with the assistance of microbubbles. This review provides new possible targets for heart failure therapy by exploring the cellular functions of Piezo1 that are involved in the progression of the disease. Modulation of Piezo1 activity may, therefore, effectively delay the progression of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Yuan
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Rd, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Xicheng Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Rd, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Xiangming Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Rd, Hangzhou 310052, China
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20
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Hu Y, Li H, Wang W, Sun F, Wu C, Chen W, Liu Z. Molecular Force Imaging Reveals That Integrin-Dependent Mechanical Checkpoint Regulates Fcγ-Receptor-Mediated Phagocytosis in Macrophages. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37289965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are a type of immune cell that helps eliminate pathogens and diseased cells. Recent research has shown that macrophages can sense mechanical cues from potential targets to perform effective phagocytosis, but the mechanisms behind it remain unclear. In this study, we used DNA-based tension probes to study the role of integrin-mediated forces in FcγR-mediated phagocytosis. The results showed that when the phagocytic receptor FcγR is activated, the force-bearing integrins create a "mechanical barrier" that physically excludes the phosphatase CD45 and facilitates phagocytosis. However, if the integrin-mediated forces are physically restricted at lower levels or if the macrophage is on a soft matrix, CD45 exclusion is significantly reduced. Moreover, CD47-SIRPα "don't eat me" signaling can reduce CD45 segregation by inhibiting the mechanical stability of the integrin barrier. These findings demonstrate how macrophages use molecular forces to identify physical properties and combine them with biochemical signals from phagocytic receptors to guide phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Hu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxu Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyang Wu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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21
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Liu J, Le S, Yao M, Huang W, Tio Z, Zhou Y, Yan J. Tension Gauge Tethers as Tension Threshold and Duration Sensors. ACS Sens 2023; 8:704-711. [PMID: 36731861 PMCID: PMC9973368 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanotransduction, the process by which cells respond to tension transmitted through various supramolecular linkages, is important for understanding cellular behavior. Tension gauge tethers (TGTs), short fragments of double-stranded DNA that irreversibly break under shear-stretch conditions, have been used in live cell experiments to study mechanotransduction. However, our current understanding of TGTs' mechanical responses is limited, which limits the information that can be gleaned from experimental observations. In this study, we quantified the tension-dependent lifetime of TGTs to better understand their mechanical stability under various physiologically relevant stretching conditions. This work has broad applications for using TGTs as tension threshold and duration sensors and also suggests the need to revisit previous interpretations of experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhun Liu
- Mechanobiology
Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411Singapore
| | - Shimin Le
- Department
of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, People’s Repbulic of China
| | - Mingxi Yao
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University
of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, People’s Repbulic of China
| | - Wenmao Huang
- Department
of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117546Singapore
| | - Zhikai Tio
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585Singapore
| | - Yu Zhou
- Mechanobiology
Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411Singapore
| | - Jie Yan
- Mechanobiology
Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411Singapore
- Department
of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117546Singapore
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22
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Zhou P, Ding L, Yan Y, Wang Y, Su B. Recent advances in label-free imaging of cell-matrix adhesions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2341-2351. [PMID: 36744880 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06499e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell-matrix adhesions play an essential role in mediating and regulating many biological processes. The adhesion receptors, typically transmembrane integrins, provide dynamic correlations between intracellular environments and extracellular matrixes (ECMs) by bi-directional signaling. In-depth investigations of cell-matrix adhesion and integrin-mediated cell adhesive force are of great significance in biology and medicine. The emergence of advanced imaging techniques and principles has facilitated the understanding of the molecular composition and structure dynamics of cell-matrix adhesions, especially the label-free imaging methods that can be used to study living cell dynamics without immunofluorescence staining. This highlight article aims to give an overview of recent developments in imaging cell-matrix adhesions in a label-free manner. Electrochemiluminescence microscopy (ECLM) and surface plasmon resonance microscopy (SPRM) are briefly introduced and their applications in imaging analysis of cell-matrix adhesions are summarized. Then we highlight the advances in mapping cell-matrix adhesion force based on molecular tension probes and fluorescence microscopy (collectively termed as MTFM). The biomaterials including polyethylene glycol (PEG), peptides and DNA for constructing tension probes in MTFM are summarized. Finally, the outlook and perspectives on the further developments of cell-matrix adhesion imaging are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lurong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yajuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Bin Su
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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23
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Xu Y, Guo C, Yang X, Yuan W, Zhang X, Sun Y, Wen G, Wang L, Li H, Xiong C, Yang C. Super-resolution traction force microscopy with enhanced tracer density enables capturing molecular scale traction. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1056-1065. [PMID: 36562450 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01332k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell traction mediates the biochemical and mechanical interactions between the cell and its extracellular matrix (ECM). Traction force microscopy (TFM) is a powerful technique for quantitative cellular scale traction analysis. However, it is challenging to characterize macromolecular scale traction events with current TFM due to the limited sampling density and algorithmic precision. In this article, we introduce a super-resolution TFM by utilizing a novel substrate surface modification method. Our TFM technique achieved a spatial resolution comparable to fluorescence microscopy and precision comparable to the rupture force of an integrin-ligand bond. Correlated imaging of TFM with fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that the residing paxillin highly correlated with traction while α5 integrin was located differently. Time-lapse TFM imaging captured a transient traction variation as the adhesion protein passed by. Thus, the novel super-resolution TFM benefits the studies on cellular biochemical and mechanical interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuanwen Guo
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueyi Yang
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weihong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Centre (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yujie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Centre (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gang Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
| | - Linbo Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
| | - Chunyang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System, and Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chun Yang
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Austin J, Tu Y, Pal K, Wang X. Vinculin transmits high-level integrin tensions that are dispensable for focal adhesion formation. Biophys J 2023; 122:156-167. [PMID: 36352785 PMCID: PMC9822790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) transmit force and mediate mechanotransduction between cells and the matrix. Previous studies revealed that integrin-transmitted force is critical to regulate FA formation. As vinculin is a prominent FA protein implicated in integrin tension transmission, this work studies the relation among integrin tensions (force), vinculin (protein), and FA formation (structure) by integrin tension manipulation, force visualization and vinculin knockout (KO). Two DNA-based integrin tension tools are adopted: tension gauge tether (TGT) and integrative tension sensor (ITS), with TGT restricting integrin tensions under a designed Ttol (tension tolerance) value and ITS visualizing integrin tensions above the Ttol value by fluorescence. Results show that large FAs (area >1 μm2) were formed on the TGT surface with Ttol of 54 pN but not on those with lower Ttol values. Time-series analysis of FA formation shows that focal complexes (area <0.5 μm2) appeared on all TGT surfaces 20 min after cell plating, but only matured to large FAs on TGT with Ttol of 54 pN. Next, we tested FA formation in vinculin KO cells on TGT surfaces. Surprisingly, the Ttol value of TGT required for large FA formation is drastically decreased to 23 pN. To explore the cause, we visualized integrin tensions in both wild-type and vinculin KO cells using ITS. The results showed that integrin tensions in FAs of wild-type cells frequently activate ITS with Ttol of 54 pN. With vinculin KO, however, integrin tensions in FAs became lower and unable to activate 54 pN ITS. Force signal intensities of integrin tensions reported by 33 and 43 pN ITS were also significantly reduced with vinculin KO, suggesting that vinculin is essential to transmit high-level integrin tensions and involved in transmitting intermediate-level integrin tensions in FAs. However, the high-level integrin tensions transmitted by vinculin are not required by FA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Austin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Ying Tu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Kaushik Pal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa; Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Ames, Iowa.
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25
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Single-molecule characterization of subtype-specific β1 integrin mechanics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7471. [PMID: 36463259 PMCID: PMC9719539 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35173-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although integrins are known to be mechanosensitive and to possess many subtypes that have distinct physiological roles, single molecule studies of force exertion have thus far been limited to RGD-binding integrins. Here, we show that integrin α4β1 and RGD-binding integrins (αVβ1 and α5β1) require markedly different tension thresholds to support cell spreading. Furthermore, actin assembled downstream of α4β1 forms cross-linked networks in circularly spread cells, is in rapid retrograde flow, and exerts low forces from actin polymerization. In contrast, actin assembled downstream of αVβ1 forms stress fibers linking focal adhesions in elongated cells, is in slow retrograde flow, and matures to exert high forces (>54-pN) via myosin II. Conformational activation of both integrins occurs below 12-pN, suggesting that post-activation subtype-specific cytoskeletal remodeling imposes the higher threshold for spreading on RGD substrates. Multiple layers of single integrin mechanics for activation, mechanotransduction and cytoskeleton remodeling revealed here may underlie subtype-dependence of diverse processes such as somite formation and durotaxis.
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26
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Guo Y, Gao Y, Hu Y, Zhao Y, Jiang D, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Gan H, Xie C, Liu Z, Zhong B, Zhang Z, Yao J. The Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) Channel Facilitates Virus Infection Through the Ca 2+ -LRMDA Axis in Myeloid Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202857. [PMID: 36261399 PMCID: PMC9731701 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channel is a nonselective cation channel that has been implicated in multiple sensory processes in the nervous system. Here, it is shown that TRPV2 in myeloid cells facilitates virus penetration by promoting the tension and mobility of cell membrane through the Ca2+ -LRMDA axis. Knockout of TRPV2 in myeloid cells or inhibition of TRPV2 channel activity suppresses viral infection and protects mice from herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection. Reconstitution of TRPV2 but not the Ca2+ -impermeable mutant TRPV2E572Q into LyZ2-Cre;Trpv2fl/fl bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) restores viral infection. Mechanistically, knockout of TRPV2 in myeloid cells inhibits the tension and mobility of cell membrane and the penetration of viruses, which is restored by reconstitution of TRPV2 but not TRPV2E572Q . In addition, knockout of TRPV2 leads to downregulation of Lrmda in BMDCs and BMDMs, and knockdown of Lrmda significantly downregulates the mobility and tension of cell membrane and inhibits viral infections in Trpv2fl/fl but not LyZ2-Cre;Trpv2fl/fl BMDCs. Consistently, complement of LRMDA into LyZ2-Cre;Trpv2fl/fl BMDCs partially restores the tension and mobility of cell membrane and promotes viral penetration and infection. These findings characterize a previously unknown function of myeloid TRPV2 in facilitating viral infection though the Ca2+ -LRMDA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Yao Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCollege of Life SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of ImmunologyMedical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430071China
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCollege of Life SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Yu‐Ru Hu
- The Institute for Advanced StudiesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Dexiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Yulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Youjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Hu Gan
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCollege of Life SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of ImmunologyMedical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430071China
| | - Chang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Zheng Liu
- The Institute for Advanced StudiesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Bo Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCollege of Life SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of ImmunologyMedical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430071China
| | - Zhi‐Dong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCollege of Life SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of ImmunologyMedical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430071China
| | - Jing Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCollege of Life SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of ImmunologyMedical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
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27
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The continuous evolution of 2D cell-traction forces quantification technology. Innovation (N Y) 2022; 3:100313. [PMID: 36160940 PMCID: PMC9494227 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells generate traction forces by interacting with the extracellular matrix (ECM) during migration, contraction, invasion, and spreading. Cell-traction forces (CTFs) are extremely small but have enormous biological effects. It has been discovered that CTFs serve a crucial role in regulating proliferation, differentiation, wound healing, morphogenesis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and tumor genesis by working together with biochemical signals to maintain a coherent framework for these processes. For the study of cell biology, it is essential to understand the possible effect of CTFs on the various cellular functions and the amount of traction forces that can be generated by cells in their various states. Currently, CTF quantification approaches are either confined to detecting numerous scattered places on the surface of cells or are severely limited in temporal and spatial resolution, both of which are critical for living cells. Obtaining a highly accurate and dynamic mapping of the force distribution across living cells in real time via a simple mathematical technique remains a significant difficulty. This perspective provides a brief overview of recent landmark advances in the measurement of two-dimensional (2D) CTFs, as well as unique ideas for future improvement.
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28
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Rosenbohm J, Minnick G, Safa BT, Esfahani AM, Jin X, Zhai H, Lavrik NV, Yang R. A multi-material platform for imaging of single cell-cell junctions under tensile load fabricated with two-photon polymerization. Biomed Microdevices 2022; 24:33. [PMID: 36207557 PMCID: PMC11104271 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-022-00633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported a single-cell adhesion micro tensile tester (SCAμTT) fabricated from IP-S photoresin with two-photon polymerization (TPP) for investigating the mechanics of a single cell-cell junction under defined tensile loading. A major limitation of the platform is the autofluorescence of IP-S, the photoresin for TPP fabrication, which significantly increases background signal and makes fluorescent imaging of stretched cells difficult. In this study, we report the design and fabrication of a new SCAμTT platform that mitigates autofluorescence and demonstrate its capability in imaging a single cell pair as its mutual junction is stretched. By employing a two-material design using IP-S and IP-Visio, a photoresin with reduced autofluorescence, we show a significant reduction in autofluorescence of the platform. Further, by integrating apertures onto the substrate with a gold coating, the influence of autofluorescence on imaging is almost completely mitigated. With this new platform, we demonstrate the ability to image a pair of epithelial cells as they are stretched up to 250% strain, allowing us to observe junction rupture and F-actin retraction while simultaneously recording the accumulation of over 800 kPa of stress in the junction. The platform and methodology presented here can potentially enable detailed investigation of the mechanics of and mechanotransduction in cell-cell junctions and improve the design of other TPP platforms in mechanobiology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Rosenbohm
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Grayson Minnick
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Bahareh Tajvidi Safa
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Amir Monemian Esfahani
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Haiwei Zhai
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Nickolay V Lavrik
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6054, USA.
| | - Ruiguo Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
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29
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Zhang J, Huang Y, Sun M, Song T, Wan S, Yang C, Song Y. Mechanosensing view of SARS-CoV-2 infection by a DNA nano-assembly. CELL REPORTS. PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2022; 3:101048. [PMID: 36157982 PMCID: PMC9490855 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2022.101048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical force between a virus and its host cell plays a critical role in viral infection. However, characterization of the virus-cell mechanical force at the whole-virus level remains a challenge. Herein, we develop a platform in which the virus is anchored with multivalence-controlled aptamers to achieve transfer of the virus-cell mechanical force to a DNA tension gauge tether (Virus-TGT). When the TGT is ruptured, the complex of binding module-virus-cell is detached from the substrate, accompanied by decreased host cell-substrate adhesion, thus revealing the mechanical force between whole-virus and cell. Using Virus-TGT, direct evidence about the biomechanical force between SARS-CoV-2 and the host cell is obtained. The relative mechanical force gap (<10 pN) at the cellular level between the wild-type virus to cell and a variant virus to cell is measured, suggesting a possible positive correlation between virus-cell mechanical force and infectivity. Overall, this strategy provides a new perspective to probe the SARS-CoV-2 mechanical force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yihao Huang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Miao Sun
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Ting Song
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Shuang Wan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yanling Song
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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30
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Ruiz-Gutierrez N, Rieu M, Ouellet J, Allemand JF, Croquette V, Le Hir H. Novel approaches to study helicases using magnetic tweezers. Methods Enzymol 2022; 673:359-403. [PMID: 35965012 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Helicases form a universal family of molecular motors that bind and translocate onto nucleic acids. They are involved in essentially every aspect of nucleic acid metabolism: from DNA replication to RNA decay, and thus ensure a large spectrum of functions in the cell, making their study essential. The development of micromanipulation techniques such as magnetic tweezers for the mechanistic study of these enzymes has provided new insights into their behavior and their regulation that were previously unrevealed by bulk assays. These experiments allowed very precise measures of their translocation speed, processivity and polarity. Here, we detail our newest technological advances in magnetic tweezers protocols for high-quality measurements and we describe the new procedures we developed to get a more profound understanding of helicase dynamics, such as their translocation in a force independent manner, their nucleic acid binding kinetics and their interaction with roadblocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ruiz-Gutierrez
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Martin Rieu
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Physique de L'Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris, CNRS, ENS, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-François Allemand
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Physique de L'Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris, CNRS, ENS, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Croquette
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Physique de L'Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris, CNRS, ENS, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France; ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, Paris, France.
| | - Hervé Le Hir
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
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31
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Feng N, Li C, Shen J, Hu Y, Fodjo EK, Zhang L, Chen S, Fan Q, Wang L. 1,4-Benzenedithiol-Bridged Nanogap-Based Individual Particle Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Mechanical Probe for Revealing the Endocytic Force. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6605-6614. [PMID: 35420023 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Benzenedithiol (BDT)-bridged core-satellite assemblies, as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) mechanical probes, can be employed for real-time monitoring of the dynamics of endocytic forces and the accompanying trajectory of nanoparticles during the endocytosis process. These mechanical probes exhibit good responses in terms of SERS intensity ratios while undergoing mechanical pressure. Force tracing and the accompanying trajectory of nanoparticles are resolved accurately to render the endocytosis process in live cells. Density functional theory simulation results further proved the sensing scheme due to the electrons transforming between BDT and gold nanoparticles. Furthermore, this SERS mechanical probe is a valid method to visualize endocytic forces at multiple locations and establish a direct criterion to discriminate between cancer cells and normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingjing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanling Hu
- School of Electrical and Control, Nanjing Polytechnic Institute, 188 Xinle Road, Nanjing 211500, China
| | - Essy Kouadio Fodjo
- Laboratory of Constitution and Reaction of Matter, University of Felix Houphouet-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shufen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Quli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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Abstract
Cellular processes and functions can be regulated by mechanical forces. Nanodevices that can measure and manipulate these forces are critical tools in chemical and cellular biology. Synthetic DNA oligonucleotides have been used to develop a wide range of powerful nanodevices due to their programmable nature and precise and predictable self-assembly. In recent years, various types of DNA-based mechanical nanodevices have been engineered for studying molecular-level forces. With the help of these nanodevices, our understanding of cellular responses to physical forces has been significantly advanced. In this article, we have reviewed some recent developments in DNA-based mechanical sensors and regulators for application in the characterization of cellular biomechanics and the manipulation of cellular morphology, motion and other functions. The design principles discussed in this article can be further used to inspire other types of powerful DNA-based mechanical nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Puspam Keshri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Mingxu You
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
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Wang L, Chen W, Li H, Xiong C, Sun F, Liu X, Hu Y, Wang W, Zhong W, Liu Z. Exploring Integrin-Mediated Force Transmission during Confined Cell Migration by DNA-Based Tension Probes. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4570-4575. [PMID: 35257583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces have profound effects on the morphology and migration of cells in a two-dimensional environment. However, cells in vivo mostly migrate in three-dimensional space while physically constrained, and the mechanism by which cellular dynamic forces drive migration in this confined environment is unclear. Here, we present a method of fabricating microfluidic chips with integrated DNA-based tension probes to measure spatiotemporal variations in integrin-mediated force exerted during confined cell migration. Using this developed device, we measured the spatial locations, magnitudes, and temporal characteristics of integrin-ligand tension signals in motile cells in different microchannels and found that cells exerted less force and underwent increasingly transitory integrin-ligand interactions when migrating in confined spaces. This study demonstrates that the described method provides insights into understanding the migratory machinery of cells in geometrically confined environment that better mimics physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongyun Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chaohui Xiong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Feng Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuru Hu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wenxu Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wenqun Zhong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Wu MS, Zhou ZR, Wang XY, Chen BB, Hafez ME, Shi JF, Li DW, Qian RC. Dynamic Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Living Cells via a Two-Stage Cascade Recognition Process. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2882-2890. [PMID: 35112843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for the regulation of multiple cellular processes, such as cellular responses to stress and protein synthesis, folding, and posttranslational modification. Nevertheless, monitoring ER physiological activity remains challenging due to the lack of powerful detection methods. Herein, we built a two-stage cascade recognition process to achieve dynamic visualization of ER stress in living cells based on a fluorescent carbon dot (CD) probe, which is synthesized by a facile one-pot hydrothermal method without additional modification. The fluorescent CD probe enables two-stage cascade ER recognition by first accumulating in the ER as the positively charged and lipophilic surface of the CD probe allows its fast crossing of multiple membrane barriers. Next, the CD probe can specifically anchor on the ER membrane via recognition between boronic acids and o-dihydroxy groups of mannose in the ER lumen. The two-stage cascade recognition process significantly increases the ER affinity of the CD probe, thus allowing the following evaluation of ER stress by tracking autophagy-induced mannose transfer from the ER to the cytoplasm. Thus, the boronic acid-functionalized cationic CD probe represents an attractive tool for targeted ER imaging and dynamic tracking of ER stress in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Sha Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Rui Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Bin-Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Mahmoud Elsayed Hafez
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Ji-Fen Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ruo-Can Qian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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Sun W, Gao X, Lei H, Wang W, Cao Y. Biophysical Approaches for Applying and Measuring Biological Forces. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105254. [PMID: 34923777 PMCID: PMC8844594 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, increasing evidence has indicated that mechanical loads can regulate the morphogenesis, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of living cells. Investigations of how cells sense mechanical stimuli or the mechanotransduction mechanism is an active field of biomaterials and biophysics. Gaining a further understanding of mechanical regulation and depicting the mechanotransduction network inside cells require advanced experimental techniques and new theories. In this review, the fundamental principles of various experimental approaches that have been developed to characterize various types and magnitudes of forces experienced at the cellular and subcellular levels are summarized. The broad applications of these techniques are introduced with an emphasis on the difficulties in implementing these techniques in special biological systems. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are discussed, which can guide readers to choose the most suitable technique for their questions. A perspective on future directions in this field is also provided. It is anticipated that technical advancement can be a driving force for the development of mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Sun
- School of SciencesNantong UniversityNantong226019P. R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and IntegrationNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructureand Department of PhysicsCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
- Institute of Brain ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
| | - Hai Lei
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and IntegrationNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructureand Department of PhysicsCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
- Institute of Brain ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation CenterNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and IntegrationNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructureand Department of PhysicsCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
- Institute of Brain ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
| | - Yi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and IntegrationNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructureand Department of PhysicsCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
- Institute of Brain ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and TechnologyDepartment of Polymer Science & EngineeringCollege of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation CenterNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
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36
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Baek KY, Kim S, Koh HR. Molecular Tension Probes to Quantify Cell-Generated Mechanical Forces. Mol Cells 2022; 45:26-32. [PMID: 35114645 PMCID: PMC8819489 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Living cells generate, sense, and respond to mechanical forces through their interaction with neighboring cells or extracellular matrix, thereby regulating diverse cellular processes such as growth, motility, differentiation, and immune responses. Dysregulation of mechanosensitive signaling pathways is found associated with the development and progression of various diseases such as cancer. Yet, little is known about the mechanisms behind mechano-regulation, largely due to the limited availability of tools to study it at the molecular level. The recent development of molecular tension probes allows measurement of cellular forces exerted by single ligandreceptor interaction, which has helped in revealing the hitherto unknown mechanistic details of various mechanosensitive processes in living cells. Here, we provide an introductory overview of two methods based on molecular tension probes, tension gauge tether (TGT), and molecular tension fluorescence microscopy (MTFM). TGT utilizes the irreversible rupture of double-stranded DNA tether upon application of force in the piconewton (pN) range, whereas MTFM utilizes the reversible extension of molecular springs such as polymer or single-stranded DNA hairpin under applied pN forces. Specifically, the underlying principle of how molecular tension probes measure cell-generated mechanical forces and their applications to mechanosensitive biological processes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Yup Baek
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Seohyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Hye Ran Koh
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
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37
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Ha T, Kaiser C, Myong S, Wu B, Xiao J. Next generation single-molecule techniques: Imaging, labeling, and manipulation in vitro and in cellulo. Mol Cell 2022; 82:304-314. [PMID: 35063098 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their unique abilities to manipulate, label, and image individual molecules in vitro and in cellulo, single-molecule techniques provide previously unattainable access to elementary biological processes. In imaging, single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) and protein-induced fluorescence enhancement in vitro can report on conformational changes and molecular interactions, single-molecule pull-down (SiMPull) can capture and analyze the composition and function of native protein complexes, and single-molecule tracking (SMT) in live cells reveals cellular structures and dynamics. In labeling, the abilities to specifically label genomic loci, mRNA, and nascent polypeptides in cells have uncovered chromosome organization and dynamics, transcription and translation dynamics, and gene expression regulation. In manipulation, optical tweezers, integration of single-molecule fluorescence with force measurements, and single-molecule force probes in live cells have transformed our mechanistic understanding of diverse biological processes, ranging from protein folding, nucleic acids-protein interactions to cell surface receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taekjip Ha
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Christian Kaiser
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sua Myong
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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