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Duan ZW, Liu Y, Zhang PP, Hu JY, Mo ZX, Liu WQ, Ma X, Zhou XH, Wang XH, Hu XH, Wei SL. Da-Chai-Hu-Tang Formula inhibits the progression and metastasis in HepG2 cells through modulation of the PI3K/AKT/STAT3-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118293. [PMID: 38705430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Da-Chai-Hu-Tang (DCHT), a Chinese traditional herbal compound, has been utilized for the treatment of Hepatic diseases in China for over 1800 years. The DCHT formula contains eight herbals: Bupleurum chinense DC. (chaihu), Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (huangqin), Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (baishao), Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Makino (banxia), Rheum officinale Baill. (dahuang), Citrus × aurantium L. (zhishi), Zingiber officinale Roscoe (shengjiang), Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (dazao). Clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of DCHT in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its ability to enhance the immunity of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. A total of 20 Chinese articles have been published on the use of DCHT in treating HCC. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to validate the effect of DCHT in HCC cells and to identify related targets (TP53, AKT1, BCL2, STAT3) in treating HCC by DCHT in vitro experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell proliferation and migration were investigated in vitro. Flow cytometry analysis was used to evaluate the cell cycle and apoptosis. Apoptotic bodies in HepG2 cells were observed using a confocal microscope. Biochemical detection was employed to analyze LDH release, MDA levels, and SOD levels. Bioinformatics analysis was used to predict core targets between DCHT and HCC, as well as potential signaling pathways. The protein levels of metastasis-associated, apoptosis, and PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, and STAT3 were further determined through Western blotting. RESULTS Following treatment with DCHT, the inhibition of viability, migration, and G2/M arrest was observed in HepG2 cells. Flow cytometry analysis and Morphological apoptosis studies provided evidence that DCHT could induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Biochemical detection revealed that DCHT could increase LDH release and the level of MDA, and inhibit the viability of the SOD. Bioinformatics analysis identified key targets such as TP53, AKT1, BCL2, STAT3. The PI3K/AKT/STAT3 signaling pathway emerged as a critical pathway in the KEGG enrichment analysis. Western blotting results indicated that DCHT could enhance the expression of E-cadherin, p53, and Bax, while reducing the content of N-cadherin, Bcl-2, PI3K, p-AKT, AKT1, and STAT3. CONCLUSIONS The results proved that DCHT could inhibit the progression and metastasis of HCC by regulating the expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, p53, Bax, Bcl-2, PI3K, p-AKT, AKT, and STAT3 through the PI3K/AKT/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Duan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Pei-Pei Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Jing-Yan Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Zhi-Xin Mo
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Wen-Qing Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Xin Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Xiao-Hui Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China; Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practice for Chinese Crude Drugs, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Xiu-Hua Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China; Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practice for Chinese Crude Drugs, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Sheng-Li Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China; Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practice for Chinese Crude Drugs, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100102, China.
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Jiang H, Li X, Zhou F, Xi Y, Xu G. HMGA2 promotes resistance against paclitaxel by targeting the p53 signaling pathway in colorectal cancer cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31431. [PMID: 38845972 PMCID: PMC11154217 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies and ranks second in terms of cancer-related mortality worldwide due to its metastasis, drug resistance, and reoccurrence. High-mobility gene group A2 (HMGA2) is overexpressed in colorectal cancer, contributing to the aggressiveness of tumor malignance, and promotes drug resistance in many types of cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of HMGA2 is yet to be elucidated. In this study, we showed that HMGA2 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer tissue, and knockdown of HMGA2 significantly inhibited colorectal cancer cell growth and migratory capability. HMGA2 regulates the cancer cell response to a widely used anti-cancer drug, paclitaxel (PTX). HMGA2 knockdown increased cell death, whereas HMGA2 overexpression decreased cell death after PTX treatment. Furthermore, lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and mitochondrial potential were detected in HMGA2 overexpression cells after PTX treatment. However, HMGA2 knockdown produced the opposite effect. RNA sequencing showed a p53 signaling pathway-dependent regulation in HMGA2 knockdown cells. Combined with p53 inhibitors and HMGA2 knockdown, a synergetic effect of more cell death was observed in colorectal cancer cells after PTX treatment. Thus, we showed that HMGA2 can activate p53 signaling to regulate colorectal cancer cell death after PTX treatment. Altogether, our results reveal novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying HMGA2-mediated cancer cell resistance against PTX and highlight the potential of targeting HMGA2 and p53 signaling for the therapeutic investigation of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhong Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Yang Xi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Hu L, Liu H, Ma H, Zeng X, Cao Y, Liu B, Li H, Zhang X. TRAF6-mediated ubiquitination of AKT1 in the nucleus occurs in a β-arrestin2-dependent manner upon insulin stimulation. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116362. [PMID: 38871335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
AKT, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), serves as a crucial regulator of numerous biological functions, including cell growth, metabolism, and tumorigenesis. Increasing evidence suggests that the kinase activity of AKT is regulated via ubiquitination by various E3 ligase enzymes in response to different stimuli. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying insulin-induced AKT ubiquitination are not yet fully understood. Here, we show that activation of the insulin receptor (IR) leads to enhanced ubiquitination of AKT1 at K8 and K14 residues, facilitated by the cytosolic E3 ubiquitin ligase enzyme, TRAF6. Further investigation using AKT1 mutants with modified nucleocytoplasmic shuttling properties reveals that TRAF6-mediated AKT1 ubiquitination occurs within the nucleus in a β-Arr2-dependent manner. The nuclear entry of TRAF6 depends on importin β1, while β-Arr2 regulates this process by facilitating the interaction between TRAF6 and importin β1. Additionally, the ubiquitination of AKT1 is essential for its translocation to the activated IR on the plasma membrane, where it plays a functional role in recruiting Glut4 and facilitating glucose uptake. This study uncovers the cellular components and processes involved in insulin-induced ubiquitination and activation of AKT1, providing insights and detailed strategies for manipulating AKT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Haiping Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Haixiang Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xingyue Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yongkai Cao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Bing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Huijun Li
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, People's Hospital of Zunyi City Bo Zhou District, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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4
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Thapa N, Chen M, Cryns VL, Anderson R. A p85 isoform switch enhances PI3K activation on endosomes by a MAP4- and PI3P-dependent mechanism. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114119. [PMID: 38630589 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase α (PI3Kα) is a heterodimer of p110α catalytic and p85 adaptor subunits that is activated by agonist-stimulated receptor tyrosine kinases. Although p85α recruits p110α to activated receptors on membranes, p85α loss, which occurs commonly in cancer, paradoxically promotes agonist-stimulated PI3K/Akt signaling. p110α localizes to microtubules via microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4), facilitating its interaction with activated receptor kinases on endosomes to initiate PI3K/Akt signaling. Here, we demonstrate that in response to agonist stimulation and p85α knockdown, the residual p110α, coupled predominantly to p85β, exhibits enhanced recruitment with receptor tyrosine kinases to endosomes. Moreover, the p110α C2 domain binds PI3-phosphate, and this interaction is also required to recruit p110α to endosomes and for PI3K/Akt signaling. Stable knockdown of p85α, which mimics the reduced p85α levels observed in cancer, enhances cell growth and tumorsphere formation, and these effects are abrogated by MAP4 or p85β knockdown, underscoring their role in the tumor-promoting activity of p85α loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Thapa
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Mo Chen
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Vincent L Cryns
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Richard Anderson
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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5
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Hoboth P, Sztacho M, Hozák P. Nuclear patterns of phosphatidylinositol 4,5- and 3,4-bisphosphate revealed by super-resolution microscopy differ between the consecutive stages of RNA polymerase II transcription. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38734927 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol phosphates are powerful signaling molecules that orchestrate signaling and direct membrane trafficking in the cytosol. Interestingly, phosphatidylinositol phosphates also localize within the membrane-less compartments of the cell nucleus, where they participate in the regulation of gene expression. Nevertheless, current models of gene expression, which include condensates of proteins and nucleic acids, do not include nuclear phosphatidylinositol phosphates. This gap is partly a result of the missing detailed analysis of the subnuclear distribution of phosphatidylinositol phosphates and their relationships with gene expression. Here, we used quantitative dual-color direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy to analyze the nanoscale co-patterning between RNA polymerase II transcription initiation and elongation markers with respect to phosphatidylinositol 4,5- or 3,4-bisphosphate in the nucleoplasm and nuclear speckles and compared it with randomized data and cells with inhibited transcription. We found specific co-patterning of the transcription initiation marker P-S5 with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the nucleoplasm and with phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate at the periphery of nuclear speckles. We showed the specific accumulation of the transcription elongation marker PS-2 and of nascent RNA in the proximity of phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate associated with nuclear speckles. Taken together, this shows that the distinct spatial associations between the consecutive stages of RNA polymerase II transcription and nuclear phosphatidylinositol phosphates exhibit specificity within the gene expression compartments. Thus, in analogy to the cellular membranes, where phospholipid composition orchestrates signaling pathways and directs membrane trafficking, we propose a model in which the phospholipid identity of gene expression compartments orchestrates RNA polymerase II transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hoboth
- Laboratory of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Viničná Microscopy Core Facility, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Sztacho
- Laboratory of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Architecture, Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hozák
- Laboratory of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Microscopy Centre, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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6
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Jung O, Baek MJ, Wooldrik C, Johnson KR, Fisher KW, Lou J, Ricks TJ, Wen T, Best MD, Cryns VL, Anderson RA, Choi S. Nuclear phosphoinositide signaling promotes YAP/TAZ-TEAD transcriptional activity in breast cancer. EMBO J 2024; 43:1740-1769. [PMID: 38565949 PMCID: PMC11066040 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway effectors Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) and its homolog TAZ are transcriptional coactivators that control gene expression by binding to TEA domain (TEAD) family transcription factors. The YAP/TAZ-TEAD complex is a key regulator of cancer-specific transcriptional programs, which promote tumor progression in diverse types of cancer, including breast cancer. Despite intensive efforts, the YAP/TAZ-TEAD complex in cancer has remained largely undruggable due to an incomplete mechanistic understanding. Here, we report that nuclear phosphoinositides function as cofactors that mediate the binding of YAP/TAZ to TEADs. The enzymatic products of phosphoinositide kinases PIPKIα and IPMK, including phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (P(I3,4,5)P3), bridge the binding of YAP/TAZ to TEAD. Inhibiting these kinases or the association of YAP/TAZ with PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 attenuates YAP/TAZ interaction with the TEADs, the expression of YAP/TAZ target genes, and breast cancer cell motility. Although we could not conclusively exclude the possibility that other enzymatic products of IPMK such as inositol phosphates play a role in the mechanism, our results point to a previously unrecognized role of nuclear phosphoinositide signaling in control of YAP/TAZ activity and implicate this pathway as a potential therapeutic target in YAP/TAZ-driven breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oisun Jung
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Min-Jeong Baek
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Colin Wooldrik
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Keith R Johnson
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kurt W Fisher
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jinchao Lou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Tanei J Ricks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Memphis, 3744 Walker Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA
| | - Tianmu Wen
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael D Best
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Vincent L Cryns
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Richard A Anderson
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Suyong Choi
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Zhou P, Meng X, Nie Z, Wang H, Wang K, Du A, Lei Y. PTEN: an emerging target in rheumatoid arthritis? Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:246. [PMID: 38671436 PMCID: PMC11046879 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a critical tumor suppressor protein that regulates various biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses by controlling the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway. PTEN plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Loss of PTEN may contribute to survival, proliferation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Also, persistent PI3K signaling increases myeloid cells' osteoclastic potential, enhancing localized bone destruction. Recent studies have shown that the expression of PTEN protein in the synovial lining of RA patients with aggressive FLS is minimal. Experimental upregulation of PTEN protein expression could reduce the damage caused by RA. Nonetheless, a complete comprehension of aberrant PTEN drives RA progression and its interactions with other crucial molecules remains elusive. This review is dedicated to promoting a thorough understanding of the signaling mechanisms of aberrant PTEN in RA and aims to furnish pertinent theoretical support for forthcoming endeavors in both basic and clinical research within this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhou
- Chengdu Rheumatology Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xingwen Meng
- Chengdu Rheumatology Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhimin Nie
- Chengdu Rheumatology Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Chengdu Rheumatology Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kaijun Wang
- Nanjing Tongshifeng Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Aihua Du
- Zhengzhou Gout and Rheumatology Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Chengdu Rheumatology Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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Carrillo ND, Chen M, Wen T, Awasthi P, Wolfe TJ, Cryns VL, Anderson RA. Lipid transfer proteins and a PI 4-kinase initiate nuclear phosphoinositide signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.08.539894. [PMID: 37214930 PMCID: PMC10197520 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.08.539894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide (PIP n ) messengers are present in non-membranous regions of nuclei, where they are assembled into a phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway that is distinct from the cytosolic membrane-localized pathway. In the nuclear pathway, PI kinases/phosphatases bind the p53 tumor suppressor protein (wild-type and mutant) to generate p53-PIP n complexes that regulate Akt activation. However, this pathway is dependent on poorly characterized nuclear PIP n pools. Here we report that PI transfer proteins (PITPs), which transport PI between membranes to enable membrane-localized PIP n synthesis, accumulate in the nucleoplasm in response to stress and supply nuclear PIP n pools. PITPα/β and the PI 4-kinase PI4KIIα bind p53 and are required to generate p53-PI4P, which is further phosphorylated to synthesize p53-PIP n complexes that regulate nuclear Akt activation and stress-resistance. Remarkably, PITPα/β and PI4KIIα initiate PIP n -linkage to multiple proteins that are detectable by immunoblotting and [ 3 H] myo -inositol metabolic labeling and are resistant to denaturation, suggesting a posttranslational modification. In brief Phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins initiate the nuclear PIP n -linked protein network in membrane-free regions.
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Casalin I, Ceneri E, Ratti S, Manzoli L, Cocco L, Follo MY. Nuclear Phospholipids and Signaling: An Update of the Story. Cells 2024; 13:713. [PMID: 38667329 PMCID: PMC11048846 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last three decades, the presence of phospholipids in the nucleus has been shown and thoroughly investigated. A considerable amount of interest has been raised about nuclear inositol lipids, mainly because of their role in signaling acting. Here, we review the main issues of nuclear phospholipid localization and the role of nuclear inositol lipids and their related enzymes in cellular signaling, both in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.C.); (E.C.); (S.R.); (L.M.); (M.Y.F.)
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10
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Göttig L, Jummer S, Staehler L, Groitl P, Karimi M, Blanchette P, Kosulin K, Branton PE, Schreiner S. The human adenovirus PI3K-Akt activator E4orf1 is targeted by the tumor suppressor p53. J Virol 2024; 98:e0170123. [PMID: 38451084 PMCID: PMC11019960 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01701-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are classified as DNA tumor viruses due to their potential to mediate oncogenic transformation in non-permissive mammalian cells and certain human stem cells. To achieve transformation, the viral early proteins of the E1 and E4 regions must block apoptosis and activate proliferation: the former predominantly through modulating the cellular tumor suppressor p53 and the latter by activating cellular pro-survival and pro-metabolism protein cascades, such as the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K-Akt) pathway, which is activated by HAdV E4orf1. Focusing on HAdV-C5, we show that E4orf1 is necessary and sufficient to stimulate Akt activation through phosphorylation in H1299 cells, which is not only hindered but repressed during HAdV-C5 infection with a loss of E4orf1 function in p53-positive A549 cells. Contrary to other research, E4orf1 localized not only in the common, cytoplasmic PI3K-Akt-containing compartment, but also in distinct nuclear aggregates. We identified a novel inhibitory mechanism, where p53 selectively targeted E4orf1 to destabilize it, also stalling E4orf1-dependent Akt phosphorylation. Co-IP and immunofluorescence studies showed that p53 and E4orf1 interact, and since p53 is bound by the HAdV-C5 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, we also identified E4orf1 as a novel factor interacting with E1B-55K and E4orf6 during infection; overexpression of E4orf1 led to less-efficient E3 ubiquitin ligase-mediated proteasomal degradation of p53. We hypothesize that p53 specifically subverts the pro-survival function of E4orf1-mediated PI3K-Akt activation to protect the cell from metabolic hyper-activation or even transformation.IMPORTANCEHuman adenoviruses (HAdV) are nearly ubiquitous pathogens comprising numerous subtypes that infect various tissues and organs. Among many encoded proteins that facilitate viral replication and subversion of host cellular processes, the viral E4orf1 protein has emerged as an intriguing yet under-investigated player in the complex interplay between the virus and its host. Nonetheless, E4orf1 has gained attention as a metabolism activator and oncogenic agent, while recent research is showing that E4orf1 may play a more important role in modulating the cellular pathways such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt-mTOR. Our study reveals a novel and general impact of E4orf1 on host mechanisms, providing a novel basis for innovative antiviral strategies in future therapeutic settings. Ongoing investigations of the cellular pathways modulated by HAdV are of great interest, particularly since adenovirus-based vectors actually serve as vaccine or gene vectors. HAdV constitute an ideal model system to analyze the underlying molecular principles of virus-induced tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Göttig
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Jummer
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luisa Staehler
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Groitl
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maryam Karimi
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paola Blanchette
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karin Kosulin
- Molecular Microbiology, Children’s Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philip E. Branton
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sabrina Schreiner
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (Resolving Infection Susceptibility; EXC 2155), Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Bi YY, Chen Q, Yang MY, Xing L, Jiang HL. Nanoparticles targeting mutant p53 overcome chemoresistance and tumor recurrence in non-small cell lung cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2759. [PMID: 38553451 PMCID: PMC10980692 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) shows high drug resistance and leads to low survival due to the high level of mutated Tumor Protein p53 (TP53). Cisplatin is a first-line treatment option for NSCLC, and the p53 mutation is a major factor in chemoresistance. We demonstrate that cisplatin chemotherapy increases the risk of TP53 mutations, further contributing to cisplatin resistance. Encouragingly, we find that the combination of cisplatin and fluvastatin can alleviate this problem. Therefore, we synthesize Fluplatin, a prodrug consisting of cisplatin and fluvastatin. Then, Fluplatin self-assembles and is further encapsulated with poly-(ethylene glycol)-phosphoethanolamine (PEG-PE), we obtain Fluplatin@PEG-PE nanoparticles (FP NPs). FP NPs can degrade mutant p53 (mutp53) and efficiently trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). In this study, we show that FP NPs relieve the inhibition of cisplatin chemotherapy caused by mutp53, exhibiting highly effective tumor suppression and improving the poor NSCLC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hu-Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, No.977, Gongyan Road, Yanji, 133000, China.
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12
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Ren C, Carrillo ND, Cryns VL, Anderson RA, Chen M. Environmental pollutants and phosphoinositide signaling in autoimmunity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133080. [PMID: 38091799 PMCID: PMC10923067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollution stands as one of the most critical challenges affecting human health, with an estimated mortality rate linked to pollution-induced non-communicable diseases projected to range from 20% to 25%. These pollutants not only disrupt immune responses but can also trigger immunotoxicity. Phosphoinositide signaling, a pivotal regulator of immune responses, plays a central role in the development of autoimmune diseases and exhibits high sensitivity to environmental stressors. Among these stressors, environmental pollutants have become increasingly prevalent in our society, contributing to the initiation and exacerbation of autoimmune conditions. In this review, we summarize the intricate interplay between phosphoinositide signaling and autoimmune diseases within the context of environmental pollutants and contaminants. We provide an up-to-date overview of stress-induced phosphoinositide signaling, discuss 14 selected examples categorized into three groups of environmental pollutants and their connections to immune diseases, and shed light on the associated phosphoinositide signaling pathways. Through these discussions, this review advances our understanding of how phosphoinositide signaling influences the coordinated immune response to environmental stressors at a biological level. Furthermore, it offers valuable insights into potential research directions and therapeutic targets aimed at mitigating the impact of environmental pollutants on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. SYNOPSIS: Phosphoinositide signaling at the intersection of environmental pollutants and autoimmunity provides novel insights for managing autoimmune diseases aggravated by pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Noah D Carrillo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Vincent L Cryns
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Richard A Anderson
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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13
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Cockcroft S. The expanding roles of PI4P and PI(4,5)P 2 at the plasma membrane: Role of phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159394. [PMID: 37714261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol, a phospholipid that is synthesised at the endoplasmic reticulum. The plasma membrane contains the enzymes to phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol and is therefore rich in the phosphorylated derivatives, PI4P and PI(4,5)P2. PI(4,5)P2 is a substrate for phospholipase C and during cell signaling, PI(4,5)P2 levels are reduced. Here I discuss a family of proteins, phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (PITPs) that can restore PI(4,5)P2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamshad Cockcroft
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, 21 University Street, London WC1E 6JJ, UK.
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14
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Ma S, Guo X, Han R, Meng Q, Zhang Y, Quan W, Miao S, Yang Z, Shi X, Wang S. Elucidation of the mechanism of action of ailanthone in the treatment of colorectal cancer: integration of network pharmacology, bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1355644. [PMID: 38384287 PMCID: PMC10880095 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1355644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Ailanthone, a small compound derived from the bark of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, has several anti-tumour properties. However, the activity and mechanism of ailanthone in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain to be investigated. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the mechanism of ailanthone in the treatment of CRC by employing a combination of network pharmacology, bioinformatics analysis, and molecular biological technique. Methods: The druggability of ailanthone was examined, and its targets were identified using relevant databases. The RNA sequencing data of individuals with CRC obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analyzed. Utilizing the R programming language, an in-depth investigation of differentially expressed genes was carried out, and the potential target of ailanthone for anti-CRC was found. Through the integration of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, GO and KEGG enrichment studies to search for the key pathway of the action of Ailanthone. Then, by employing molecular docking verification, flow cytometry, Transwell assays, and Immunofluorescence to corroborate these discoveries. Results: Data regarding pharmacokinetic parameters and 137 target genes for ailanthone were obtained. Leveraging The Cancer Genome Atlas database, information regarding 2,551 differentially expressed genes was extracted. Subsequent analyses, encompassing protein-protein interaction network analysis, survival analysis, functional enrichment analysis, and molecular docking verification, revealed the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway as pivotal mediators of ailanthone against CRC. Additionally, the in vitro experiments indicated that ailanthone substantially affects the cell cycle, induces apoptosis in CRC cells (HCT116 and SW620 cells), and impedes the migration and invasion capabilities of these cells. Immunofluorescence staining showed that ailanthone significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT protein and suppressed the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells. Conclusion: Therefore, our findings indicate that Ailanthone exerts anti-CRC effects primarily by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Additionally, we propose that Ailanthone holds potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanbo Ma
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaodi Guo
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruisi Han
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Meng
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Quan
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shan Miao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaopeng Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Siwang Wang
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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15
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Ragupathi A, Kim C, Jacinto E. The mTORC2 signaling network: targets and cross-talks. Biochem J 2024; 481:45-91. [PMID: 38270460 PMCID: PMC10903481 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin, mTOR, controls cell metabolism in response to growth signals and stress stimuli. The cellular functions of mTOR are mediated by two distinct protein complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. Rapamycin and its analogs are currently used in the clinic to treat a variety of diseases and have been instrumental in delineating the functions of its direct target, mTORC1. Despite the lack of a specific mTORC2 inhibitor, genetic studies that disrupt mTORC2 expression unravel the functions of this more elusive mTOR complex. Like mTORC1 which responds to growth signals, mTORC2 is also activated by anabolic signals but is additionally triggered by stress. mTORC2 mediates signals from growth factor receptors and G-protein coupled receptors. How stress conditions such as nutrient limitation modulate mTORC2 activation to allow metabolic reprogramming and ensure cell survival remains poorly understood. A variety of downstream effectors of mTORC2 have been identified but the most well-characterized mTORC2 substrates include Akt, PKC, and SGK, which are members of the AGC protein kinase family. Here, we review how mTORC2 is regulated by cellular stimuli including how compartmentalization and modulation of complex components affect mTORC2 signaling. We elaborate on how phosphorylation of its substrates, particularly the AGC kinases, mediates its diverse functions in growth, proliferation, survival, and differentiation. We discuss other signaling and metabolic components that cross-talk with mTORC2 and the cellular output of these signals. Lastly, we consider how to more effectively target the mTORC2 pathway to treat diseases that have deregulated mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Ragupathi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A
| | - Christian Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A
| | - Estela Jacinto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A
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16
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Fu X, Wang Z. DHCR24 in Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment: A Comprehensive Review. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2024; 23:15330338241259780. [PMID: 38847653 PMCID: PMC11162140 DOI: 10.1177/15330338241259780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
As an important nutrient in the human body, cholesterol can not only provide structural components for the body's cells, but also can be transformed into a variety of active substances to regulate cell signaling pathways. As an important cholesterol synthase, DHCR24 participates in important regulatory processes in the body. The application of DHCR24 in tumor clinical diagnosis and treatment also attracts much attention. This article reviews the structure and regulatory characteristics of DHCR24, and the research of DHCR24 on tumor progression. We summarize the possible mechanisms of DHCR24 promoting tumor progression through reactive oxygen species (ROS), p53, Ras and PI3K-AKT pathways. Through our review, we hope to provide more research ideas and reference value for the application of DHCR24 in tumor prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaosong Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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17
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Liu Z, Cui L, Wang J, Zhao W, Teng Y. Aspirin boosts the synergistic effect of EGFR/p53 inhibitors on lung cancer cells by regulating AKT/mTOR and p53 pathways. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3902. [PMID: 38100146 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The regimen of afatinib and vinorelbine has been used to treat breast or lung cancer cells with some limitations. Aspirin alone or in combination with other agents has shown unique efficacy in the treatment of cancer. We designed a preclinical study to investigate whether the triple therapy of aspirin, afatinib, and vinorelbine could synergistically inhibit the growth of p53 wild-type nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Three NSCLC cells A549, H460, and H1975 were selected to study the effect of triple therapy on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Compared to single agents, triple therapy synergistically inhibited the proliferation of lung cancer cells with combination index <1. Meanwhile, the therapeutic index of triple therapy was superior to that of single agents, indicating a balance between efficacy and safety in the combination of three agents. Mechanistic studies showed that triple therapy significantly induced apoptosis by decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential, increasing reactive oxygen species, and regulating mitochondria-related proteins. Moreover, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) downstream signaling proteins including JNK, AKT, and mTOR were dramatically suppressed and p53 was substantially increased after NSCLC cells were exposed to the triple therapy. We provided evidence that the triple therapy of aspirin, afatinib and vinorelbine synergistically inhibited lung cancer cell growth through inactivation of the EGFR/AKT/mTOR pathway and accumulation of p53, providing a new treatment strategy for patients with p53 wild-type NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Cui
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinyao Wang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanshun Zhao
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of TCM Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Yuou Teng
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
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18
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Chen K, Jin L, Wen Y, Yang Q, Li X, Zhang L, Wang L, Xia Y, Chen Z, Xie C, Tong J, Shen Y. Blue light impairs cornea and corneal wound healing by downregulating VCAM1 partly. iScience 2023; 26:108448. [PMID: 38034364 PMCID: PMC10687337 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term pollution from different wavelengths of light on the corneal epithelium (CE) and identify potential biomarkers. Rabbits were exposed to red, green, blue, white, and environmental light for 6 weeks. The CE was assessed using various techniques such as fluorescein sodium staining, transcriptome sequencing, electron microscopy, and molecular assays. In human corneal epithelial cells (hCECs), the downregulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) in response to blue light (BL) pollution was observed. This downregulation of VCAM1 inhibited migration, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and apoptosis, and inhibited the AKT/p70 S6 kinase cascade in hCECs. Animal experiments confirmed that BL pollution caused similar effects on the rabbit cornea, including increased ROS production, apoptosis, delayed wound healing, and decreased VCAM1 expression. Overall, BL-induced VCAM1 downregulation may impair CE and wound healing and promote ROS and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuangqi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Le Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yingying Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qianjie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liyue Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liyin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yutong Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhitong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chen Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianping Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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19
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Alvarado-Ortiz E, Ortiz-Sánchez E, Sarabia-Sánchez MA, de la Cruz-López KG, García-Carrancá A, Robles-Flores M. Mutant p53 gain-of-function stimulates canonical Wnt signaling via PI3K/AKT pathway in colon cancer. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00793-4. [PMID: 37982965 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00793-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant canonical Wnt signaling is a hallmark of colon cancer. The TP53 tumor suppressor gene is altered in many solid tumors, including colorectal cancer, resulting in mutant versions of p53 (mut-p53) that lose their tumor suppressor capacities and acquire new-oncogenic functions (GOFs) critical for disease progression. Although the mechanisms related to mut-p53 GOF have been explored extensively, the relevance of mut-p53 in the canonical Wnt pathway is not well defined. This work investigated the influence of mut-p53 compared to wt-p53 in β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling. Using the TCGA public data from Pan-Cancer and the GEPIA2 platform, an in silico analysis of wt-p53 versus mut-p53 genotyped colorectal cancer patients showed that TP53 (p53) and CTNNB1 (β-catenin) are significantly overexpressed in colorectal cancer, compared with normal tissue. Using p53 overexpression or p53 knockdown assays of wt-p53 or mut-p53, we found that while wt-p53 antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling, mut-p53 induces the opposite effect, improving the β-catenin-dependent transcriptional activity and colony formation ability of colon cancer cells, which were both decreased by mut-p53 knockdown expression. The mechanism involved in mut-p53-induced activation of canonical Wnt appears to be via AKT-mediated phosphorylation of Ser 552 of β-catenin, which is known to stabilize and enhance its transcriptional activity. We also found that while wt-p53 expression contributes to 5-FU sensitivity in colon cancer cells, the RITA p53 reactivating molecule counteracted the resistance against 5-FU in cells expressing mut-p53. Our results indicate that mut-p53 GOF acts as a positive regulator of canonical Wnt signaling and participates in the induction of resistance to 5-FU in colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Alvarado-Ortiz
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Ortiz-Sánchez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Karen Griselda de la Cruz-López
- Laboratorio de Virus & Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México & Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Laboratorio de Virus & Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México & Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Robles-Flores
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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20
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Chen C, Chen M, Wen T, Anderson RA, Cryns VL. Regulation of NRF2 by Phosphoinositides and Small Heat Shock Proteins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.26.564194. [PMID: 37961303 PMCID: PMC10634847 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.26.564194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by aerobic metabolism, and their deleterious effects are buffered by the cellular antioxidant response, which prevents oxidative stress. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a master transcriptional regulator of the antioxidant response. Basal levels of NRF2 are kept low by ubiquitin-dependent degradation of NRF2 by E3 ligases, including the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1). Here, we show that the stability and function of NRF2 is regulated by the type I phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase g (PIPKIg), which binds NRF2 and transfers its product phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P 2 ) to NRF2. PtdIns(4,5)P 2 binding recruits the small heat shock protein HSP27 to the complex. Silencing PIPKIg or HSP27 destabilizes NRF2, reduces expression of its target gene HO-1, and sensitizes cells to oxidative stress. These data demonstrate an unexpected role of phosphoinositides and HSP27 in regulating NRF2 and point to PIPKIg and HSP27 as drug targets to destabilize NRF2 in cancer. In brief Phosphoinositides are coupled to NRF2 by PIPKIγ, and HSP27 is recruited and stabilizes NRF2, promoting stress-resistance.
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21
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Phan TTT, Truong NV, Wu WG, Su YC, Hsu TS, Lin LY. Tumor suppressor p53 mediates interleukin-6 expression to enable cancer cell evasion of genotoxic stress. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:340. [PMID: 37696858 PMCID: PMC10495329 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 primarily functions as a mediator of DNA damage-induced cell death, thereby contributing to the efficacy of genotoxic anticancer therapeutics. Here, we show, on the contrary, that cancer cells can employ genotoxic stress-induced p53 to acquire treatment resistance through the production of the pleiotropic cytokine interleukin (IL)-6. Mechanistically, DNA damage, either repairable or irreparable, activates p53 and stimulates Caspase-2-mediated cleavage of its negative regulator mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) creating a positive feedback loop that leads to elevated p53 protein accumulation. p53 transcriptionally controls the major adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release channel pannexin 1 (Panx1), which directs IL-6 induction via a mechanism dependent on the extracellular ATP-activated purinergic P2 receptors as well as their downstream intracellular calcium (iCa2+)/PI3K/Akt/NF-ĸB signaling pathway. Thus, p53 silencing impairs Panx1 and IL-6 expression and renders cancer cells sensitive to genotoxic stress. Moreover, we confirm that IL-6 hampers the effectiveness of genotoxic anticancer agents by mitigating DNA damage, driving the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family genes, and maintaining the migratory and invasive properties of cancer cells. Analysis of patient survival and relevant factors in lung cancer and pan-cancer cohorts supports the prognostic and clinical values of Panx1 and IL-6. Notably, IL-6 secreted by cancer cells during genotoxic treatments promotes the polarization of monocytic THP-1-derived macrophages into an alternative (M2-like) phenotype that exhibits impaired anti-survival activities but enhanced pro-metastatic effects on cancer cells as compared to nonpolarized macrophages. Our study reveals the precise mechanism for genotoxic-induced IL-6 and suggests that targeting p53-mediated IL-6 may improve the responsiveness of cancer cells to genotoxic anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh T T Phan
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Nam V Truong
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Wen-Guey Wu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Yi-Chun Su
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Tzu-Sheng Hsu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC.
| | - Lih-Yuan Lin
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC.
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22
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Wen T, Thapa N, Cryns VL, Anderson RA. Regulation of Phosphoinositide Signaling by Scaffolds at Cytoplasmic Membranes. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1297. [PMID: 37759697 PMCID: PMC10526805 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic phosphoinositides (PI) are critical regulators of the membrane-cytosol interface that control a myriad of cellular functions despite their low abundance among phospholipids. The metabolic cycle that generates different PI species is crucial to their regulatory role, controlling membrane dynamics, vesicular trafficking, signal transduction, and other key cellular events. The synthesis of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PI3,4,5P3) in the cytoplamic PI3K/Akt pathway is central to the life and death of a cell. This review will focus on the emerging evidence that scaffold proteins regulate the PI3K/Akt pathway in distinct membrane structures in response to diverse stimuli, challenging the belief that the plasma membrane is the predominant site for PI3k/Akt signaling. In addition, we will discuss how PIs regulate the recruitment of specific scaffolding complexes to membrane structures to coordinate vesicle formation, fusion, and reformation during autophagy as well as a novel lysosome repair pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianmu Wen
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (T.W.); (N.T.)
| | - Narendra Thapa
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (T.W.); (N.T.)
| | - Vincent L. Cryns
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Richard A. Anderson
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (T.W.); (N.T.)
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Huang M, Zhong F, Chen M, Hong L, Chen W, Abudukeremu X, She F, Chen Y. CEP55 as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target on gallbladder cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1156177. [PMID: 37274251 PMCID: PMC10232967 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1156177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly malignant biliary tumor with a poor prognosis. As existing therapies for advanced metastatic GBC are rarely effective, there is an urgent need to identify more effective targets for treatment. Methods Hub genes of GBC were identified by bioinformatics analysis and their expression in GBC was analyzed by tissue validation. The biological role of CEP55 in GBC cell and the underlying mechanism of the anticancer effect of CEP55 knockdown were evaluated via CCK8, colony formation assay, EDU staining, flow cytometry, western blot, immunofluorescence, and an alkaline comet assay. Results We screened out five hub genes of GBC, namely PLK1, CEP55, FANCI, NEK2 and PTTG1. CEP55 is not only overexpressed in the GBC but also correlated with advanced TNM stage, differentiation grade and poorer survival. After CEP55 knockdown, the proliferation of GBC cells was inhibited with cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and DNA damage. There was a marked increase in the apoptosis of GBC cells in the siCEP55 group. Besides, in vivo, CEP55 inhibition attenuated the growth and promoted apoptosis of GBC cells. Mechanically, the tumor suppressor effect of CEP55 knockdown is associated with dysregulation of the AKT and ERK signaling networks. Discussion These data not only demonstrate that CEP55 is identified as a potential independent predictor crucial to the diagnosis and prognosis of gallbladder cancer but also reveal the possibility for CEP55 to be used as a promising target in the treatment of GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maotuan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fuxiu Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Nursing, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingyuan Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lingju Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiahenazi Abudukeremu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feifei She
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Fan Z, Liu Y, Liu X, Nian W, Huang X, Yang Q, Hou S, Chen F. Phosphorylation of AKT by lysyl oxidase-like 2 activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to promote proliferation, invasion and metastasis in esophageal squamous carcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2023:10.1007/s12094-023-03133-5. [PMID: 36995521 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common and aggressive malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract for which therapeutic options are scarce. This study screens for LOXL2, a key gene in ESCC, and explains the molecular mechanism by which it promotes the progression of ESCC. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression level of LOXL2 in ESCC tissues and paraneoplastic tissues. CCK-8 and Transwell assays were performed to assess the effects of LOXL2 knockdown and overexpression on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion ability of ESCC cells. High-throughput sequencing analysis screens for molecular mechanisms of action by which LOXL2 promotes ESCC progression. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to determine the expression levels of relevant markers. RESULTS LOXL2 is positively expressed in ESCC and highly correlated with poor prognosis. Silencing LOXL2 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasive ability of ESCC cells, whereas overexpression showed the opposite phenotype. High-throughput sequencing suggested that LOXL2-associated differentially expressed genes were highly enriched in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In vitro cellular assays confirmed that silencing LOXL2 significantly reduced PI3K, p-AKTThr308 and p-AKTSer473 gene and protein expression levels, while overexpression increased all three gene and protein levels, while AKT gene and protein expression levels were not significantly different. CONCLUSION This study found that LOXL2 may regulate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and exert protumor effects on ESCC cells through phosphorylation of AKT. LOXL2 may be a key clinical warning biomarker or therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Fan
- Department of Daily Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yingmin Liu
- Department of Daily Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xinya Liu
- Department of Cardiac Oncology Disease, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wei Nian
- Department of Daily Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaotong Huang
- Department of Daily Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Department of Daily Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Songyu Hou
- Department of Daily Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Daily Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
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25
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Langdon CG. Nuclear PTEN's Functions in Suppressing Tumorigenesis: Implications for Rare Cancers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020259. [PMID: 36830628 PMCID: PMC9953540 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) encodes a tumor-suppressive phosphatase with both lipid and protein phosphatase activity. The tumor-suppressive functions of PTEN are lost through a variety of mechanisms across a wide spectrum of human malignancies, including several rare cancers that affect pediatric and adult populations. Originally discovered and characterized as a negative regulator of the cytoplasmic, pro-oncogenic phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, PTEN is also localized to the nucleus where it can exert tumor-suppressive functions in a PI3K pathway-independent manner. Cancers can usurp the tumor-suppressive functions of PTEN to promote oncogenesis by disrupting homeostatic subcellular PTEN localization. The objective of this review is to describe the changes seen in PTEN subcellular localization during tumorigenesis, how PTEN enters the nucleus, and the spectrum of impacts and consequences arising from disrupted PTEN nuclear localization on tumor promotion. This review will highlight the immediate need in understanding not only the cytoplasmic but also the nuclear functions of PTEN to gain more complete insights into how important PTEN is in preventing human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey G. Langdon
- Department of Pediatrics, Darby Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; ; Tel.: +1-(843)-792-9289
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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26
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Wang YH, Sheetz MP. Transcription-independent functions of p53 in DNA repair pathway selection. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2200122. [PMID: 36404121 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently discovered transcription-independent features of p53 involve the choice of DNA damage repair pathway after PARylation, and p53's complex formation with phosphoinositide lipids, PI(4,5)P2 . PARylation-mediated rapid accumulation of p53 at DNA damage sites is linked to the recruitment of downstream repair factors and tumor suppression. This links p53's capability to sense damaged DNA in vitro and its relevant functions in cells. Further, PI(4,5)P2 rapidly accumulates at damage sites like p53 and complexes with p53, while it is required for ATR recruitment. These findings help explain how p53 and PI(4,5)P2 maintain genome stability by directing DNA repair pathway choice. Additionally, there is a strong correlation between p53 sequence homology, genome mutation rates as well as lifespans across various mammalian species. Further investigation is required to better understand the connections between genome stability, tumor suppression, longevity and the transcriptional-independent function of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiu Wang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, United States
| | - Michael P Sheetz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, United States
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27
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Li Y, Chen D, Su J, Chen M, Chen T, Jia W, Zhu B. Selenium-ruthenium complex blocks H1N1 influenza virus-induced cell damage by activating GPx1/TrxR1. Theranostics 2023; 13:1843-1859. [PMID: 37064873 PMCID: PMC10091872 DOI: 10.7150/thno.83522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Influenza A (H1N1) virus is an acute respiratory infectious disease that causes massive morbidity and mortality worldwide. As an essential trace element, selenium is widely applied in the treatment of various diseases because of its functions of enhancing immune response, antioxidant and antiviral mutation. In this study, we constructed the selenium-containing metal complex drug delivery system Ru(biim)(PhenSe)2 (RuSe), and investigated the anti-influenza virus efficacy and the potential antiviral mechanism for RuSe. Methods: The inhibitory effect of RuSe on influenza-mediated apoptosis was examined by cell count assay, cell cycle assay, Annenxin-V assay, TUNEL-DAPI assay and reactive oxygen species level determination. Virulence assay, PCR and neuraminidase inhibition assay revealed the inhibition of RuSe on influenza virus. At the level of animal experiments, two animal models were used to clarify the role of RuSe through HE staining, immunohistochemical staining, cytokine determination, selenium metabolism determination and selenium protein expression level determination. Results: The results of this study confirm that RuSe enhances the expression levels of selenium proteins GPx1 and TrxR1 by regulating selenium metabolism, thereby inhibiting viral replication and assembly and regulating virus-mediated mitochondria-related apoptosis. On the other hand, animal experiments show that RuSe can reduce lung tissue inflammation and inhibit lung tissue cell apoptosis in mice, and improve the survival state of mice. In addition, RuSe significantly improves the low immune response of Se-deficient mice by regulating selenium metabolism, and effectively alleviated lung fibrosis and lung tissue apoptosis in Se-deficient mice. Conclusions: This study suggests that RuSe provides a promising new approach for the clinical treatment of influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Li
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Danyang Chen
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jingyao Su
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Mingkai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Bing Zhu, Address: Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China. Phone: +86-020-81330740; Fax: +86-020-81330740; E-mail: ; Wei Jia, Address: Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China. Phone: +86-020-38076043; Fax: +86-020-38076043; E-mail: ; Tianfeng Chen, Address: Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. Phone: +86-020-85225962; Fax: +86-020- 85225962; E-mail:
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Bing Zhu, Address: Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China. Phone: +86-020-81330740; Fax: +86-020-81330740; E-mail: ; Wei Jia, Address: Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China. Phone: +86-020-38076043; Fax: +86-020-38076043; E-mail: ; Tianfeng Chen, Address: Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. Phone: +86-020-85225962; Fax: +86-020- 85225962; E-mail:
| | - Bing Zhu
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Bing Zhu, Address: Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China. Phone: +86-020-81330740; Fax: +86-020-81330740; E-mail: ; Wei Jia, Address: Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China. Phone: +86-020-38076043; Fax: +86-020-38076043; E-mail: ; Tianfeng Chen, Address: Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. Phone: +86-020-85225962; Fax: +86-020- 85225962; E-mail:
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Wainstein E, Maik-Rachline G, Blenis J, Seger R. AKTs do not translocate to the nucleus upon stimulation but AKT3 can constitutively signal from the nuclear envelope. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111733. [PMID: 36476861 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AKT is a central signaling protein kinase that plays a role in the regulation of cellular survival metabolism and cell growth, as well as in pathologies such as diabetes and cancer. Human AKT consists of three isoforms (AKT1-3) that may fulfill different functions. Here, we report that distinct subcellular localization of the isoforms directly influences their activity and function. AKT1 is localized primarily in the cytoplasm, AKT2 in the nucleus, and AKT3 in the nucleus or nuclear envelope. None of the isoforms actively translocates into the nucleus upon stimulation. Interestingly, AKT3 at the nuclear envelope is constitutively phosphorylated, enabling a constant phosphorylation of TSC2 at this location. Knockdown of AKT3 induces moderate attenuation of cell proliferation of breast cancer cells. We suggest that in addition to the stimulation-induced activation of the lysosomal/cytoplasmic AKT1-TSC2 pathway, a subpopulation of TSC2 is constitutively inactivated by AKT3 at the nuclear envelope of transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehud Wainstein
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Galia Maik-Rachline
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - John Blenis
- Meyer Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Rony Seger
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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29
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Choi Y, Park NJY, Le TM, Lee E, Lee D, Nguyen HDT, Cho J, Park JY, Han HS, Chong GO. Immune Pathway and Gene Database (IMPAGT) Revealed the Immune Dysregulation Dynamics and Overactivation of the PI3K/Akt Pathway in Tumor Buddings of Cervical Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:5139-5152. [PMID: 36354662 PMCID: PMC9688570 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44110350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor budding (TB) is a small cluster of malignant cells at the invasive front of a tumor. Despite being an adverse prognosis marker, little research has been conducted on the tumor immune microenvironment of tumor buddings, especially in cervical cancer. Therefore, RNA sequencing was performed using 21 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded slides of cervical tissues, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed. Immune Pathway and Gene Database (IMPAGT) was generated for immune profiling. "Pathway in Cancer" was identified as the most enriched pathway for both up- and downregulated DEGs. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Mapper and Gene Ontology further revealed the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. An IMPAGT analysis revealed immune dysregulation even at the tumor budding stage, especially in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis, with a high efficiency and integrity. These findings emphasized the clinical significance of tumor buddings and the necessity of blocking the overactivation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to improve targeted therapy in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeseul Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- BK21 Four Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Nora Jee-Young Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
- Clinical Omics Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Korea
| | - Tan Minh Le
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- BK21 Four Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Eunmi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- BK21 Four Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Donghyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- BK21 Four Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Hong Duc Thi Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- BK21 Four Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Junghwan Cho
- Clinical Omics Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
| | - Hyung Soo Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- BK21 Four Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Clinical Omics Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Korea
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Gun Oh Chong
- Clinical Omics Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
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30
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Liu X, Sun B, Yao Y, Lai L, Wang X, Xiong J, Zhang X, Jiang J. Identification of copper metabolism and cuproptosis-related subtypes for predicting prognosis tumor microenvironment and drug candidates in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:996308. [PMID: 36275743 PMCID: PMC9582144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.996308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential element of organisms, which can affect the survival of cells. However, the role of copper metabolism and cuproptosis on hepatic carcinoma is still unclear. In this study, the TCGA database was used as the test set, and the ICGC database and self-built database were used as the validation set. We screened out a class of copper metabolism and cuproptosis-related genes (CMCRGs) that could influence hepatic carcinoma prognosis by survival analysis and differential comparison. Based on CMCRGs, patients were divided into two subtypes by cluster analysis. The C2 subtype was defined as the high copper related subtype, while the C1 subtype was defied as the low copper related subtype. At the clinical level, compared with the C1 subtype, the C2 subtype had higher grade pathological features, risk scores, and worse survival. In addition, the immune response and metabolic status also differed between C1 and C2. Specifically, C2 subtype had a higher proportion of immune cell composition and highly expressed immune checkpoint genes. C2 subtype had a higher TIDE score with a higher proportion of tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion. At the molecular level, the C2 subtype had a higher frequency of driver gene mutations (TP53 and OBSCN). Mechanistically, the single nucleotide polymorphisms of C2 subtype had a very strong transcriptional strand bias for C>A mutations. Copy number variations in the C2 subtype were characterized by LOXL3 CNV gain, which also showed high association with PDCD1/CTLA4. Finally, drug sensitivity responsiveness was assessed in both subtypes. C2 subtype had lower IC50 values for targeted and chemotherapeutic agents (sorafenib, imatinib and methotrexate, etc.). Thus, CMCRGs related subtypes showed poor response to immunotherapy and better responsiveness to targeted agents, and the results might provide a reference for precision treatment of hepatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyang Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qidong People’s Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Linying Lai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyuan Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jie Jiang, ; Xiaoan Zhang, ; Jie Xiong,
| | - Xiaoan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China,*Correspondence: Jie Jiang, ; Xiaoan Zhang, ; Jie Xiong,
| | - Jie Jiang
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jie Jiang, ; Xiaoan Zhang, ; Jie Xiong,
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