1
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Lin X, Lu X, Tang S, Wu W, Mo Y. Multiconfigurational actinide nitrides assisted by double Möbius aromaticity. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8216-8226. [PMID: 38817572 PMCID: PMC11134321 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01549e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the bonding nature between actinides and main-group elements remains a key challenge in actinide chemistry due to the involvement of f orbitals. Herein, we propose a unique "aromaticity-assisted multiconfiguration" (AAM) model to elucidate the bonding nature in actinide nitrides (An2N2, An = Ac, Th, Pa, U). Each planar four-membered An2N2 with equivalent An-N bonds possesses four delocalized π electrons and four delocalized σ electrons, forming a new family of double Möbius aromaticity that contributes to the molecular stability. The unprecedented aromaticity further supports actinide nitrides to exhibit multiconfigurational characters, where the unpaired electrons (2, 4 or 6 in naked Th2N2, Pa2N2 or U2N2, respectively) either are spin-free and localized on metal centres or form metal-ligand bonds. High-level multiconfigurational computations confirm an open-shell singlet ground state for actinide nitrides, with small energy gaps to high spin states. This is consistent with the antiferromagnetic nature observed experimentally in uranium nitrides. The novel AAM bonding model can be authenticated in both experimentally identified compounds containing a U2N2 motif and other theoretically modelled An2N2 clusters and is thus expected to be a general chemical bonding pattern between actinides and main-group elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Lin
- School of Physics, Central South University Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - Xiaoli Lu
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan 610031 China
| | - Shenghui Tang
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan 610031 China
| | - Wei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro Greensboro NC 27401 USA
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2
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Liddle ST. Progress in Nonaqueous Molecular Uranium Chemistry: Where to Next? Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9366-9384. [PMID: 38739898 PMCID: PMC11134516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
There is long-standing interest in nonaqueous uranium chemistry because of fundamental questions about uranium's variable chemical bonding and the similarities of this pseudo-Group 6 element to its congener d-block elements molybdenum and tungsten. To provide historical context, with reference to a conference presentation slide presented around 1988 that advanced a defining collection of top targets, and the challenge, for synthetic actinide chemistry to realize in isolable complexes under normal experimental conditions, this Viewpoint surveys progress against those targets, including (i) CO and related π-acid ligand complexes, (ii) alkylidenes, carbynes, and carbidos, (iii) imidos and terminal nitrides, (iv) homoleptic polyalkyls, -alkoxides, and -aryloxides, (v) uranium-uranium bonds, and (vi) examples of topics that can be regarded as branching out in parallel from the leading targets. Having summarized advances from the past four decades, opportunities to build on that progress, and hence possible future directions for the field, are highlighted. The wealth and diversity of uranium chemistry that is described emphasizes the importance of ligand-metal complementarity in developing exciting new chemistry that builds our knowledge and understanding of elements in a relativistic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T. Liddle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre
for Radiochemistry Research, The University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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3
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Jori N, Moreno JJ, Shivaraam RAK, Rajeshkumar T, Scopelliti R, Maron L, Campos J, Mazzanti M. Iron promoted end-on dinitrogen-bridging in heterobimetallic complexes of uranium and lanthanides. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6842-6852. [PMID: 38725514 PMCID: PMC11077558 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01050g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
End-on binding of dinitrogen to low valent metal centres is common in transition metal chemistry but remains extremely rare in f-elements chemistry. In particular, heterobimetallic end-on N2 bridged complexes of lanthanides are unprecedented despite their potential relevance in catalytic reduction of dinitrogen. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a series of N2 bridged heterobimetallic complexes of U(iii), Ln(iii) and Ln(ii) which were prepared by reacting the Fe dinitrogen complex [Fe(depe)2(N2)] (depe = 1,2-bis(diethylphosphino)-ethane), complex A with [MIII{N(SiMe3)2}3] (M = U, Ce, Sm, Dy, Tm) and [LnII{N(SiMe3)2}2], (Ln = Sm, Yb). Despite the lack of reactivity of the U(iii), Ln(iii) and Ln(ii) amide complexes with dinitrogen, the end-on dinitrogen bridged heterobimetallic complexes [{Fe(depe)2}(μ-η1:η1-N2)(M{N(SiMe3)2}3)], 1-M (M = U(iii), Ce(iii), Sm(iii), Dy(iii) and Tm(iii)), [{Fe(depe)2}(μ-η1:η1-N2)(Ln{N(SiMe3)2}2)], 1*-Ln (Ln = Sm(ii), Yb(ii)) and [{Fe(depe)2(μ-η1:η1-N2)}2{SmII{N(SiMe3)2}2}], 3 could be prepared. The synthetic method used here allowed to isolate unprecedented end-on bridging N2 complexes of divalent lanthanides which provide relevant structural models for the species involved in the catalytic reduction of dinitrogen by Fe/Sm(ii) systems. Computational studies showed an essentially electrostatic interaction of the end-on bridging N2 with both Ln(iii) and Ln(ii) complexes with the degree of N2 activation correlating with their Lewis acidity. In contrast, a back-bonding covalent contribution to the U(iii)-N2Fe bond was identified by computational studies. Computational studies also suggest that end-on binding of N2 to U(iii) and Ln(ii) complexes is favoured for the iron-bound N2 compared to free N2 due to the higher N2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadir Jori
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Juan J Moreno
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - R A Keerthi Shivaraam
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées 31077 Cedex 4 Toulouse France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées 31077 Cedex 4 Toulouse France
| | - Jesús Campos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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4
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Ouellette ET, Brackbill IJ, Kynman AE, Christodoulou S, Maron L, Bergman RG, Arnold J. Triple Inverse Sandwich versus End-On Diazenido: Bonding Motifs across a Series of Rhenium-Lanthanide and -Actinide Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7177-7188. [PMID: 38598523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
While synthesizing a series of rhenium-lanthanide triple inverse sandwich complexes, we unexpectedly uncovered evidence for rare examples of end-on lanthanide dinitrogen coordination for certain heavy lanthanide elements as well as for uranium. We begin our report with the synthesis and characterization of a series of trirhenium triple inverse sandwich complexes with the early lanthanides, Ln[(μ-η5:η5-Cp)Re(BDI)]3(THF) (1-Ln, Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm; Cp = cyclopentadienide, BDI = N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3,5-dimethyl-β-diketiminate). However, as we moved across the lanthanide series, we ran into an unexpected result for gadolinium in which we structurally characterized two products for gadolinium, namely, 1-Gd (analogous to 1-Ln) and a diazenido dirhenium double inverse sandwich complex Gd[(μ-η1:η1-N2)Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)][(μ-η5:η5-Cp)Re(BDI)]2(THF)2 (2-Gd). Evidence for analogues of 2-Gd was spectroscopically observed for other heavy lanthanides (2-Ln, Ln = Tb, Dy, Er), and, in the case of 2-Er, structurally authenticated. These complexes represent the first observed examples of heterobimetallic end-on lanthanide dinitrogen coordination. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were utilized to probe relevant bonding interactions and reveal energetic differences between both the experimental and putative 1-Ln and 2-Ln complexes. We also present additional examples of novel end-on heterobimetallic lanthanide and actinide diazenido moieties in the erbium-rhenium complex (η8-COT)Er[(μ-η1:η1-N2)Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)](THF)(Et2O) (3-Er) and uranium-rhenium complex [Na(2.2.2-cryptand)][(η5-C5H4SiMe3)3U(μ-η1:η1-N2)Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)] (4-U). Finally, we expand the scope of rhenium inverse sandwich coordination by synthesizing divalent double inverse sandwich complex Yb[(μ-η5:η5-Cp)Re(BDI)]2(THF)2 (5-Yb), as well as base-free, homoleptic rhenium-rare earth triple inverse sandwich complex Y[(μ-η5:η5-Cp)Re(BDI)]3 (6-Y).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik T Ouellette
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - I Joseph Brackbill
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Amy E Kynman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stella Christodoulou
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Robert G Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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5
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Murillo J, Seed JA, Wooles AJ, Oakley MS, Goodwin CAP, Gregson M, Dan D, Chilton NF, Gaunt AJ, Kozimor SA, Liddle ST, Scott BL. Carbene Complexes of Plutonium: Structure, Bonding, and Divergent Reactivity to Lanthanide Analogs. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4098-4111. [PMID: 38301208 PMCID: PMC10870714 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Organoplutonium chemistry was established in 1965, yet structurally authenticated plutonium-carbon bonds remain rare being limited to π-bonded carbocycle and σ-bonded isonitrile and hydrocarbyl derivatives. Thus, plutonium-carbenes, including alkylidenes and N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), are unknown. Here, we report the preparation and characterization of the diphosphoniomethanide-plutonium complex [Pu(BIPMTMSH)(I)(μ-I)]2 (1Pu, BIPMTMSH = (Me3SiNPPh2)2CH) and the diphosphonioalkylidene-plutonium complexes [Pu(BIPMTMS)(I)(DME)] (2Pu, BIPMTMS = (Me3SiNPPh2)2C) and [Pu(BIPMTMS)(I)(IMe4)2] (3Pu, IMe4 = C(NMeCMe)2), thus disclosing non-actinyl transneptunium multiple bonds and transneptunium NHC complexes. These Pu-C double and dative bonds, along with cerium, praseodymium, samarium, uranium, and neptunium congeners, enable lanthanide-actinide and actinide-actinide comparisons between metals with similar ionic radii and isoelectronic 4f5 vs 5f5 electron-counts within conserved ligand fields over 12 complexes. Quantum chemical calculations reveal that the orbital-energy and spatial-overlap terms increase from uranium to neptunium; however, on moving to plutonium the orbital-energy matching improves but the spatial overlap decreases. The bonding picture that emerges is more complex than the traditional picture of the bonding of lanthanides being ionic and early actinides being more covalent but becoming more ionic left to right. Multiconfigurational calculations on 2M and 3M (M = Pu, Sm) account for the considerably more complex UV/vis/NIR spectra for 5f5 2Pu and 3Pu compared to 4f5 2Sm and 3Sm. Supporting the presence of Pu═C double bonds in 2Pu and 3Pu, 2Pu exhibits metallo-Wittig bond metathesis involving the highest atomic number element to date, reacting with benzaldehyde to produce the alkene PhC(H)═C(PPh2NSiMe3)2 (4) and "PuOI". In contrast, 2Ce and 2Pr do not react with benzaldehyde to produce 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Murillo
- Chemistry
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - John A. Seed
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Ashley J. Wooles
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Meagan S. Oakley
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Conrad A. P. Goodwin
- Chemistry
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Matthew Gregson
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - David Dan
- Chemistry
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Nicholas F. Chilton
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Research
School of Chemistry, The Australian National
University, Sullivans
Creek Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Gaunt
- Chemistry
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Stosh A. Kozimor
- Chemistry
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Brian L. Scott
- Materials
Physics & Applications Division, Los
Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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6
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Baker CF, Seed JA, Adams RW, Lee D, Liddle ST. 13C carbene nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift analysis confirms Ce IV[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bonding in cerium(iv)-diphosphonioalkylidene complexes. Chem Sci 2023; 15:238-249. [PMID: 38131084 PMCID: PMC10732143 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diphosphonioalkylidene dianions have emerged as highly effective ligands for lanthanide and actinide ions, and the resulting formal metal-carbon double bonds have challenged and developed conventional thinking about f-element bond multiplicity and covalency. However, f-element-diphosphonioalkylidene complexes can be represented by several resonance forms that render their metal-carbon double bond status unclear. Here, we report an experimentally-validated 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance computational assessment of two cerium(iv)-diphosphonioalkylidene complexes, [Ce(BIPMTMS)(ODipp)2] (1, BIPMTMS = {C(PPh2NSiMe3)2}2-; Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) and [Ce(BIPMTMS)2] (2). Decomposing the experimental alkylidene chemical shifts into their corresponding calculated shielding (σ) tensor components verifies that these complexes exhibit Ce[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bonds. Strong magnetic coupling of Ce[double bond, length as m-dash]C σ/π* and π/σ* orbitals produces strongly deshielded σ11 values, a characteristic hallmark of alkylidenes, and the largest 13C chemical shift tensor spans of any alkylidene complex to date (1, 801 ppm; 2, 810 ppm). In contrast, the phosphonium-substituent shielding contributions are much smaller than the Ce[double bond, length as m-dash]C σ- and π-bond components. This study confirms significant Ce 4f-orbital contributions to the Ce[double bond, length as m-dash]C bonding, provides further support for a previously proposed inverse-trans-influence in 2, and reveals variance in the 4f spin-orbit contributions that relate to the alkylidene hybridisation. This work thus confirms the metal-carbon double bond credentials of f-element-diphosphonioalkylidenes, providing quantified benchmarks for understanding diphosphonioalkylidene bonding generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron F Baker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - John A Seed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Ralph W Adams
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Daniel Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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7
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Batov MS, Del Rosal I, Scopelliti R, Fadaei-Tirani F, Zivkovic I, Maron L, Mazzanti M. Multimetallic Uranium Nitride Cubane Clusters from Dinitrogen Cleavage. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26435-26443. [PMID: 37991736 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Dinitrogen cleavage provides an attractive but poorly studied route to the assembly of multimetallic nitride clusters. Here, we show that the monoelectron reduction of the dinitrogen complex [{U(OC6H2-But3-2,4,6)3}2(μ-η2:η2-N2)], 1, allows us to generate, for the first time, a uranium complex presenting a rare triply reduced N2 moiety ((μ-η2:η2-N2)•3-). Importantly, the bound dinitrogen can be further reduced, affording the U4N4 cubane cluster, 3, and the U6N6 edge-shared cubane cluster, 4, thus showing that (N2)•3- can be an intermediate in nitride formation. The tetranitride cluster showed high reactivity with electrophiles, yielding ammonia quantitatively upon acid addition and promoting CO cleavage to yield quantitative conversion of nitride into cyanide. These results show that dinitrogen reduction provides a versatile route for the assembly of large highly reactive nitride clusters, with U6N6 providing the first example of a molecular nitride of any metal formed from a complete cleavage of three N2 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail S Batov
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Iker Del Rosal
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivica Zivkovic
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Jori N, Keener M, Rajeshkumar T, Scopelliti R, Maron L, Mazzanti M. Dinitrogen cleavage by a dinuclear uranium(iii) complex. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13485-13494. [PMID: 38033909 PMCID: PMC10686047 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05253b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the role of multimetallic cooperativity and of alkali ion-binding in the second coordination sphere is important for the design of complexes that can promote dinitrogen (N2) cleavage and functionalization. Herein, we compare the reaction products and mechanism of N2 reduction of the previously reported K2-bound dinuclear uranium(iii) complex, [K2{[UIII(OSi(OtBu)3)3]2(μ-O)}], B, with those of the analogous dinuclear uranium(iii) complexes, [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][K{UIII(OSi(OtBu)3)3}2(μ-O)], 1, and [K(2.2.2-cryptand)]2[{UIII(OSi(OtBu)3)3}2(μ-O)], 2, where one or two K+ ions have been removed from the second coordination sphere by addition of 2.2.2-cryptand. In this study, we found that the complete removal of the K+ ions from the inner coordination sphere leads to an enhanced reducing ability, as confirmed by cyclic voltammetry studies, of the resulting complex 2, and yields two new species upon N2 addition, namely the U(iii)/U(iv) complex, [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][{UIII(OSi(OtBu)3)3}(μ-O){UIV(OSi(OtBu)3)3}], 3, and the N2 cleavage product, the bis-nitride, terminal-oxo complex, [K(2.2.2-cryptand)]2[{UV(OSi(OtBu)3)3}(μ-N)2{UVI(OSi(OtBu)3)2(κ-O)}], 4. We propose that the formation of these two products involves a tetranuclear uranium-N2 intermediate that can only form in the absence of coordinated alkali ions, resulting in a six-electron transfer and cleavage of N2, demonstrating the possibility of a three-electron transfer from U(iii) to N2. These results give an insight into the relationship between alkali ion binding modes, multimetallic cooperativity and reactivity, and demonstrate how these parameters can be tuned to cleave and functionalize N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadir Jori
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Megan Keener
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- X-Ray Diffraction and Surface Analytics Platform, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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9
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Chen Z, Liu Y, Wang T. Steering competitive N 2 and CO adsorption toward efficient urea production with a confined dual site. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12707-12714. [PMID: 38020364 PMCID: PMC10646942 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04688e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalytic urea synthesis under mild conditions via the nitrogen (N2) and carbon monoxide (CO) coupling represents an ideal and green alternative to the energy-intensive traditional synthetic protocol. However, this process is challenging due to the more favorable CO adsorption than N2 at the catalytic site, making the formation of the key urea precursor (*NCON) extremely difficult. Herein, we theoretically construct a spatially isolated dual-site (DS) catalyst with the confinement effect to manipulate the competitive CO and N2 adsorption, which successfully guarantees the dominant horizontal N2 adsorption and subsequent efficient *NCON formation via C-N coupling and achieves efficient urea synthesis. Among all the computationally evaluated candidates, the catalyst with dual V sites anchored on 4N-doped graphene (DS-VN4) stands out and shows a moderate energy barrier for C-N coupling and a low theoretical limiting potential of -0.50 V for urea production, which simultaneously suppresses the ammonia production and hydrogen evolution. The confined dual-site introduced in this computational work has the potential to not only properly address part of the challenges toward efficient urea electrosynthesis from CO and N2 but also provide an elegant theoretical strategy for fine-tuning the strength of chemical bonds to achieve a rational catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang Province China
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University 600 Dunyu Road Hangzhou 310030 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Yonghua Liu
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University 600 Dunyu Road Hangzhou 310030 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Tao Wang
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University 600 Dunyu Road Hangzhou 310030 Zhejiang Province China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
- Division of Solar Energy Conversion and Catalysis at Westlake University, Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co., Ltd Hangzhou 310000 Zhejiang China
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10
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Davison N, Waddell PG, Lu E. Reduction of K + or Li + in the Heterobimetallic Electride K +[LiN(SiMe 3) 2]e . J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17007-17012. [PMID: 37478322 PMCID: PMC10416298 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Given their very negative redox potential (e.g., Li+ → Li(0), -3.04 V; K+ → K(0), -2.93 V), chemical reduction of Group-1 metal cations is one of the biggest challenges in inorganic chemistry: they are widely accepted as irreducible in the synthetic chemistry regime. Their reduction usually requires harsh electrochemical conditions. Herein we suggest a new strategy: via a heterobimetallic electride intermediate and using the nonbinding "free" electron as reductant. Based on our previously reported K+[LiN(SiMe3)2]e- heterobimetallic electride, we demonstrate the reducibility of both K+ and Li+ cations. Moreover, we find that external Lewis base ligands, namely tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine (Me6Tren) or 2,2,2-cryptand, can exert a level of reducing selectivity by preferably binding to Li+ (Me6Tren) or K+ (2,2,2-cryptand), hence pushing the electron to the other cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Davison
- Chemistry−School of Natural
and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1
7RU, U.K.
| | - Paul G. Waddell
- Chemistry−School of Natural
and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1
7RU, U.K.
| | - Erli Lu
- Chemistry−School of Natural
and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1
7RU, U.K.
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11
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Keener M, Maria L, Mazzanti M. Progress in the chemistry of molecular actinide-nitride compounds. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6493-6521. [PMID: 37350843 PMCID: PMC10283502 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01435e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemistry of actinide-nitrides has witnessed significant advances in the last ten years with a large focus on uranium and a few breakthroughs with thorium. Following the early discovery of the first terminal and bridging nitride complexes, various synthetic routes to uranium nitrides have since been identified, although the range of ligands capable of stabilizing uranium nitrides still remains scarce. In particular, both terminal- and bridging-nitrides possess attractive advantages for potential reactivity, especially in light of the recent development of uranium complexes for dinitrogen reduction and functionalization. The first molecular thorium bridged-nitride complexes have also been recently identified, anticipating the possibility of expanding nitride chemistry not only to low-valent thorium, but also to the transuranic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Keener
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering - ISIC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Leonor Maria
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa 2695-066 Bobadela Portugal
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering - ISIC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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12
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Riedhammer J, Halter DP, Meyer K. Nonaqueous Electrochemistry of Uranium Complexes: A Guide to Structure-Reactivity Tuning. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37134149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Uranium complexes can be stabilized in a wide range of oxidation states, ranging from UII to UVI and a very recent example of a UI complex. This review provides a comprehensive summary of electrochemistry data reported on uranium complexes in nonaqueous electrolyte, to serve as a clear point of reference for newly synthesized compounds, and to evaluate how different ligand environments influence experimentally observed electrochemical redox potentials. Data for over 200 uranium compounds are reported, together with a detailed discussion of trends observed across larger series of complexes in response to ligand field variations. In analogy to the traditional Lever parameter, we utilized the data to derive a new uranium-specific set of ligand field parameters UEL(L) that more accurately represent metal-ligand bonding situations than previously existing transition metal derived parameters. Exemplarily, we demonstrate UEL(L) parameters to be useful for the prediction of structure-reactivity correlations in order to activate specific substrate targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Riedhammer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik P Halter
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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13
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Bentel MJ, Mason MM, Cates EL. Synthesis of Petitjeanite Bi 3O(OH)(PO 4) 2 Photocatalytic Microparticles: Effect of Synthetic Conditions on the Crystal Structure and Activity toward Degradation of Aqueous Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20854-20864. [PMID: 37083368 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of synthetic Bi3O(OH)(PO4)2 [BOHP] and its application toward photocatalytic oxidation of the water contaminant perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) have prompted further interest in development. Despite its high activity toward PFOA degradation, the scarce appearance in the literature and lack of research have left a knowledge gap in the understanding of BOHP synthesis, formation, and photocatalytic activity. Herein, we explore the crystallization of BOHP microparticles via hydrothermal syntheses, focusing on the influence of ions and organics present in the reaction solution when using different hydroxide amendments (NaOH, NH4OH, NMe4OH, and NEt4OH). To better understand the unique structure-activity aspects of BOHP, the related bismuth oxy phosphate (BOP) structural family was also explored, including A-BOP (A = Na+ and K+) and M-BOP derivatives (M = Ca2+, Sr2+, and Pb2+). Results from materials characterization, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, indicated that the crystal structure, morphology, and atomic composition were significantly influenced by solution pH, inorganic metal cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Pb2+), and organic amines. Experiments involving ultraviolet photocatalytic destruction of PFOA by a BOHP suspension revealed that catalytic activity was influenced by the choice of reagents and their variable effect on surface facet growth and crystal defects in the resulting microparticles. Together, this work provides a strategy for crystal facet and surface defect engineering with the potential to expand to other metal oxides within the hydrothermal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bentel
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Marc M Mason
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Ezra L Cates
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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14
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Niklas JE, Studvick CM, Bacsa J, Popov IA, La Pierre HS. Ligand Control of Oxidation and Crystallographic Disorder in the Isolation of Hexavalent Uranium Mono-Oxo Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2304-2316. [PMID: 36668669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-valent transuranic chemistry requires robust methodologies to access and fully characterize reactive species. We have recently demonstrated that the reducing nature of imidophosphorane ligands supports the two-electron oxidation of U4+ to U6+ and established the use of this ligand to evaluate the inverse-trans-influence (ITI) in actinide metal-ligand multiple bond (MLMB) complexes. To extend this methodology and analysis to transuranic complexes, new small-scale synthetic strategies and lower-symmetry ligand derivatives are necessary to improve crystallinity and reduce crystallographic disorder. To this end, the synthesis of two new imidophosphorane ligands, [N═PtBu(pip)2]- (NPC1) and [N═PtBu(pyrr)2]- (NPC2) (pip = piperidinyl; pyrr = pyrrolidinyl), is presented, which break pseudo-C3 axes in the tetravalent complexes, U[NPC1]4 and U[NPC2]4. The reaction of these complexes with two-electron oxygen-atom-transfer reagents (N2O, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and 2,3:5,6-dibenzo-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene (dbabhNO)) yields the U6+ mono-oxo complexes U(O)[NPC1]4 and U(O)[NPC2]4. This methodology is optimized for direct translation to transuranic elements. Of the two ligands, the NPC2 framework is most suitable for facilitating detailed bonding analysis and assessment of the ITI. Theoretical evaluation of the U-(NPC) bonding confirms a substantial difference between axially and equatorially bonded N atoms, revealing markedly more covalent U-Nax interactions. The U 6d + 5f combined contribution for U-Nax is nearly double that of U-Neq, accounting for ITI shortening and increased bond order of the axial bond. Two distinct N-atom hybridizations in the pyrrolidine/piperidine rings are noted across the complexes, with approximate sp2 and sp3 configurations describing the slightly shorter P-N"planar" and slightly longer P-N"pyramidal" bonds, respectively. In all complexes, the NPC2 ligands feature more planar N atoms than NPC1, in accordance with a higher electron-donating capacity of the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Niklas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Chad M Studvick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, United States
| | - John Bacsa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Ivan A Popov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, United States
| | - Henry S La Pierre
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States.,Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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15
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Xin X, Douair I, Zhao Y, Wang S, Maron L, Zhu C. Dinitrogen cleavage and hydrogenation to ammonia with a uranium complex. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwac144. [PMID: 36950222 PMCID: PMC10026940 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Haber-Bosch process produces ammonia (NH3) from dinitrogen (N2) and dihydrogen (H2), but requires high temperature and pressure. Before iron-based catalysts were exploited in the current industrial Haber-Bosch process, uranium-based materials served as effective catalysts for production of NH3 from N2. Although some molecular uranium complexes are known to be capable of combining with N2, further hydrogenation with H2 forming NH3 has not been reported to date. Here, we describe the first example of N2 cleavage and hydrogenation with H2 to NH3 with a molecular uranium complex. The N2 cleavage product contains three uranium centers that are bridged by three imido μ 2-NH ligands and one nitrido μ 3-N ligand. Labeling experiments with 15N demonstrate that the nitrido ligand in the product originates from N2. Reaction of the N2-cleaved complex with H2 or H+ forms NH3 under mild conditions. A synthetic cycle has been established by the reaction of the N2-cleaved complex with trimethylsilyl chloride. The isolation of this trinuclear imido-nitrido product implies that a multi-metallic uranium assembly plays an important role in the activation of N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Iskander Douair
- LPCNO, CNRS and INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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16
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Wang G, Batista ER, Yang P. N 2-to-NH 3 conversion by excess electrons trapped in point vacancies on 5 f-element dioxide surfaces. Front Chem 2023; 10:1051496. [PMID: 36688046 PMCID: PMC9849761 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1051496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is one of the basic chemicals in artificial fertilizers and a promising carbon-free energy storage carrier. Its industrial synthesis is typically realized via the Haber-Bosch process using traditional iron-based catalysts. Developing advanced catalysts that can reduce the N2 activation barrier and make NH3 synthesis more efficient is a long-term goal in the field. Most heterogeneous catalysts for N2-to-NH3 conversion are multicomponent systems with singly dispersed metal clusters on supporting materials to activate N2 and H2 molecules. Herein, we report single-component heterogeneous catalysts based on 5f actinide dioxide surfaces (ThO2 and UO2) with oxygen vacancies for N2-to-NH3 conversion. The reaction cycle we propose is enabled by a dual-site mechanism, where N2 and H2 can be activated at different vacancy sites on the same surface; NH3 is subsequently formed by H- migration on the surface via associative pathways. Oxygen vacancies recover to their initial states after the release of two molecules of NH3, making it possible for the catalytic cycle to continue. Our work demonstrates the catalytic activities of oxygen vacancies on 5f actinide dioxide surfaces for N2 activation, which may inspire the search for highly efficient, single-component catalysts that are easy to synthesize and control for NH3 conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxue Wang
- *Correspondence: Gaoxue Wang, ; Enrique R. Batista, ; Ping Yang,
| | | | - Ping Yang
- *Correspondence: Gaoxue Wang, ; Enrique R. Batista, ; Ping Yang,
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17
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Jiang YF, Liu JC, Xu CQ, Li J, Xiao H. Breaking the scaling relations for efficient N2-to-NH3 conversion by a bowl active site design: Insight from LaRuSi and isostructural electrides. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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18
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Bacha RUS, Su DM, Pan QJ. Nitrogen reduction to ammonia triggered by heterobimetallic uranium-group 10 metal complexes of phosphinoaryl oxides: A relativistic DFT study. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Goodwin CAP, Wooles AJ, Murillo J, Lu E, Boronski JT, Scott BL, Gaunt AJ, Liddle ST. Carbene Complexes of Neptunium. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9764-9774. [PMID: 35609882 PMCID: PMC9490846 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Since the advent
of organotransuranium chemistry six decades ago,
structurally verified complexes remain restricted to π-bonded
carbocycle and σ-bonded hydrocarbyl derivatives. Thus, transuranium-carbon
multiple or dative bonds are yet to be reported. Here, utilizing diphosphoniomethanide
precursors we report the synthesis and characterization of transuranium-carbene
derivatives, namely, diphosphonio-alkylidene- and N-heterocyclic carbene–neptunium(III) complexes that exhibit
polarized-covalent σ2π2 multiple
and dative σ2 single transuranium-carbon bond interactions,
respectively. The reaction of [NpIIII3(THF)4] with [Rb(BIPMTMSH)] (BIPMTMSH = {HC(PPh2NSiMe3)2}1–) affords
[(BIPMTMSH)NpIII(I)2(THF)] (3Np) in situ, and subsequent treatment with the N-heterocyclic carbene {C(NMeCMe)2} (IMe4) allows
isolation of [(BIPMTMSH)NpIII(I)2(IMe4)] (4Np). Separate treatment of in situ
prepared 3Np with benzyl potassium in 1,2-dimethoxyethane
(DME) affords [(BIPMTMS)NpIII(I)(DME)] (5Np, BIPMTMS = {C(PPh2NSiMe3)2}2–). Analogously, addition of benzyl
potassium and IMe4 to 4Np gives [(BIPMTMS)NpIII(I)(IMe4)2] (6Np). The synthesis of 3Np–6Np was facilitated by adopting a scaled-down prechoreographed approach
using cerium synthetic surrogates. The thorium(III) and uranium(III)
analogues of these neptunium(III) complexes are currently unavailable,
meaning that the synthesis of 4Np–6Np provides an example of experimental grounding of 5f- vs 5f- and
5f- vs 4f-element bonding and reactivity comparisons being led by
nonaqueous transuranium chemistry rather than thorium and uranium
congeners. Computational analysis suggests that these NpIII=C bonds are more covalent than UIII=C,
CeIII=C, and PmIII=C congeners
but comparable to analogous UIV=C bonds in terms
of bond orders and total metal contributions to the M=C bonds.
A preliminary assessment of NpIII=C reactivity has
introduced multiple bond metathesis to transuranium chemistry, extending
the range of known metallo-Wittig reactions to encompass actinide
oxidation states III-VI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad A P Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.,Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jesse Murillo
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Erli Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Josef T Boronski
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Brian L Scott
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andrew J Gaunt
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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20
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Seed JA, Vondung L, Adams RW, Wooles AJ, Lu E, Liddle ST. Mesoionic Carbene Complexes of Uranium(IV) and Thorium(IV). Organometallics 2022; 41:1353-1363. [PMID: 36157256 PMCID: PMC9490841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We
report the synthesis and characterization of uranium(IV) and
thorium(IV) mesoionic carbene complexes [An{N(SiMe3)2}2(CH2SiMe2NSiMe3){MIC}] (An = U, 4U and Th, 4Th; MIC =
{CN(Me)C(Me)N(Me)CH}), which represent rare examples of actinide mesoionic
carbene linkages and the first example of a thorium mesoionic carbene
complex. Complexes 4U and 4Th were prepared
via a C–H activation intramolecular cyclometallation reaction
of actinide halides, with concomitant formal 1,4-proton migration
of an N-heterocyclic olefin (NHO). Quantum chemical
calculations suggest that the An–carbene bond comprises only
a σ-component, in contrast to the uranium(III) analogue [U{N(SiMe3)2}3(MIC)] (1) where computational
studies suggested that the 5f3 uranium(III) ion engages
in a weak one-electron π-backbond to the MIC. This highlights
the varying nature of actinide-MIC bonding as a function of actinide
oxidation state. In solution, 4Th exists in equilibrium
with the Th(IV) metallacycle [Th{N(SiMe3)2}2(CH2SiMe2NSiMe3)] (6Th) and free NHO (3). The thermodynamic parameters
of this equilibrium were probed using variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy
yielding an entropically favored but enthalpically endothermic process
with an overall reaction free energy of ΔG298.15K = 0.89 kcal mol–1. Energy decomposition
analysis (EDA-NOCV) of the actinide–carbon bonds in 4U and 4Th reveals that the former is enthalpically stronger
and more covalent than the latter, which accounts for the respective
stabilities of these two complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Seed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Lisa Vondung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Ralph W. Adams
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Ashley J. Wooles
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Erli Lu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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21
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Keener M, Fadaei-Tirani F, Scopelliti R, Zivkovic I, Mazzanti M. Nitrogen activation and cleavage by a multimetallic uranium complex. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8025-8035. [PMID: 35919442 PMCID: PMC9278153 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02997a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimetallic-multielectron cooperativity plays a key role in the metal-mediated cleavage of N2 to nitrides (N3−). In particular, low-valent uranium complexes coupled with strong alkali metal reducing agents can lead to N2 cleavage, but often, it is ambiguous how many electrons are transferred from the uranium centers to cleave N2. Herein, we designed new dinuclear uranium nitride complexes presenting a combination of electronically diverse ancillary ligands to promote the multielectron transformation of N2. Two heteroleptic diuranium nitride complexes, [K{UIV(OSi(OtBu)3)(N(SiMe3)2)2}2(μ-N)] (1) and [Cs{UIV(OSi(OtBu)3)2(N(SiMe3)2)}2(μ-N)] (3-Cs), containing different combinations of OSi(OtBu)3 and N(SiMe3)2 ancillary ligands, were synthesized. We found that both complexes could be reduced to their U(iii)/U(iv) analogues, and the complex, [K2{UIV/III(OSi(OtBu)3)2(N(SiMe3)2)}2(μ-N)] (6-K), could be further reduced to a putative U(iii)/U(iii) species that is capable of promoting the 4e− reduction of N2, yielding the N24−complex [K3{UV(OSi(OtBu)3)2(N(SiMe3)2)}2(μ-N)(μ-η2:η2-N2)], 7. Parallel N2 reduction pathways were also identified, leading to the isolation of N2 cleavage products, [K3{UVI(OSi(OtBu)3)2(N(SiMe3)2)(
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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N)}(μ-N)2{UV(OSi(OtBu)3)2(N(SiMe3)2)}]2, 8, and [K4{(OSi(OtBu)3)2UV)(N)}(μ-NH)(μ-κ2:C,N-CH2SiMe2NSiMe3)-{UV(OSi(OtBu)3)2][K(N(SiMe3)2]2, 9. These complexes provide the first example of N2 cleavage to nitride by a uranium complex in the absence of reducing alkali metals. Combinations of ligands were used to tune U
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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NU complexes yielding a U(iii)/U(iii) nitride, which activates N2. Parallel N2 reduction pathways were identified, leading to the first example of N2 cleavage by U without external alkali reducing agents.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Keener
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivica Zivkovic
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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22
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Jori N, Rajeshkumar T, Scopelliti R, Z̆ivković I, Sienkiewicz A, Maron L, Mazzanti M. Cation assisted binding and cleavage of dinitrogen by uranium complexes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9232-9242. [PMID: 36093011 PMCID: PMC9384805 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02530b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
N2 binding affinity decreases markedly in a series of isostructural U(iii)–alkali ions complexes with increasing cation size. N2 binding is undetectable in the Cs analogue, but the first example of cesium-assisted N2 cleavage to bis-nitride was observed at ambient condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadir Jori
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Cedex 4, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivica Z̆ivković
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Andrzej Sienkiewicz
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- ADSresonances Sàrl, Route de Genève 60B, 1028 Préverenges, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Cedex 4, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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Keener M, Scopelliti R, Mazzanti M. Nitride protonation and NH 3 binding versus N-H bond cleavage in uranium nitrides. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12610-12618. [PMID: 34703546 PMCID: PMC8494049 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03957a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of metal nitrides to NH3 is an essential step in dinitrogen fixation, but there is limited knowledge of the reactivity of nitrides with protons (H+). Herein, we report comparative studies for the reactions of H+ and NH3 with uranium nitrides, containing different types of ancillary ligands. We show that the differences in ancillary ligands, leads to dramatically different reactivity. The nitride group, in nitride-bridged cationic and anionic diuranium(iv) complexes supported by –N(SiMe3)2 ligands, is resistant toward protonation by weak acids, while stronger acids result in ligand loss by protonolysis. Moreover, the basic –N(SiMe3)2 ligands promote the N–H heterolytic bond cleavage of NH3, yielding a “naked” diuranium complex containing three bridging ligands, a nitride (N3−) and two NH2 ligands. Conversely, in the nitride-bridged diuranium(iv) complex supported by –OSi(OtBu)3 ligands, the nitride group is easily protonated to afford NH3, which binds the U(iv) ion strongly, resulting in a mononuclear U–NH3 complex, where NH3 can be displaced by addition of strong acids. Furthermore, the U–OSi(OtBu)3 bonds were found to be stable, even in the presence of stronger acids, such as NH4BPh4, therefore indicating that –OSi(OtBu)3 supporting ligands are well suited to be used when acidic conditions are required, such as in the H+/e− mediated catalytic conversion of N2 to NH3. Ancillary ligands alter the reactivity of U-nitrides with H+, relevant to N2 conversion to NH3. The amides lead to complete ligand loss and NH3 activation, while for siloxides, the nitride is protonated to NH3 leaving the ancillary ligands intact.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Keener
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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24
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Bae DY, Lee G, Lee E. Fixation of Dinitrogen at an Asymmetric Binuclear Titanium Complex. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12813-12822. [PMID: 34492761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A new type of dititanium dinitrogen complex supported by a triphenolamine (TPA) ligand is reported. Analysis by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman and NMR spectroscopy reveals different coordination geometries for the two titanium centers. Hence, coordination of TPA and a nitrogen ligand results in trigonal-bipyramidal geometry, while an octahedral titanium center is obtained upon additional coordination of an ethoxide generated upon C-O bond cleavage in a diethyl ether solvent molecule. The titanium complex successfully generates ammonia in the presence of an excess amount of PCy3HI and KC8 in 154% yield (per titanium atom). A titanium complex with a bulkier TPA does not form a dinitrogen complex, and mononuclear titanium dinitrogen complexes were not accessible, presumably because of the high tendency of early transition metals to form binuclear dinitrogen complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunhee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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25
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Jori N, Barluzzi L, Douair I, Maron L, Fadaei-Tirani F, Z Ivković I, Mazzanti M. Stepwise Reduction of Dinitrogen by a Uranium-Potassium Complex Yielding a U(VI)/U(IV) Tetranitride Cluster. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11225-11234. [PMID: 34269064 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multimetallic cooperativity is believed to play a key role in the cleavage of dinitrogen to nitrides (N3-), but the mechanism remains ambiguous due to the lack of isolated intermediates. Herein, we report the reduction of the complex [K2{[UV(OSi(OtBu)3)3]2(μ-O)(μ-η2:η2-N2)}], B, with KC8, yielding the tetranuclear tetranitride cluster [K6{(OSi(OtBu)3)2UIV}3{(OSi(OtBu)3)2UVI}(μ4-N)3(μ3-N)(μ3-O)2], 1, a novel example of N2 cleavage to nitride by a diuranium complex. The structure of complex 1 is remarkable, as it contains a unique uranium center bound by four nitrides and provides the second example of a trans-N═UVI═N core analogue of UO22+. Experimental and computational studies indicate that the formation of the U(IV)/U(VI) tetrauranium cluster occurs via successive one-electron transfers from potassium to the bound N24- ligand in complex B, resulting in N2 cleavage and the formation of the putative diuranium(V) bis-nitride [K4{[UV(OSi(OtBu)3)3]2(μ-O)(μ-N)2}], X. Additionally, cooperative potassium binding to the U-bound N24- ligand facilitates dinitrogen cleavage during electron transfer. The nucleophilic nitrides in both complexes are easily functionalized by protons to yield ammonia in 93-97% yield and with excess 13CO to yield K13CN and KN13CO. The structures of two tetranuclear U(IV)/U(V) bis- and mononitride clusters isolated from the reaction with CO demonstrate that the nitride moieties are replaced by oxides without disrupting the tetranuclear structure, but ultimately leading to valence redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadir Jori
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Barluzzi
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Iskander Douair
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivica Z Ivković
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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26
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Jin J, Wang G, Zhou M. Infrared Spectroscopy and Bonding of the B(NN) 3+ and B 2(NN) 3,4+ Cation Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6246-6253. [PMID: 34254811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The boron-dinitrogen cation complexes B(NN)3+ and B2(NN)3,4+ are produced in the gas phase and are studied by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in the N-N stretching vibrational frequency region. The geometric and electronic structures are determined by comparison of the experimental spectra with density functional theory calculations. The B(NN)3+ cation is characterized to have a closed-shell singlet ground state with planar D3h symmetry. The B2(NN)3+ cation is determined to have a B═B bonded (NN)2BBNN structure with C2v symmetry. Two isomers of the B2(NN)4+ cation contribute to the experimental spectrum. One is a N2-tagged complex involving a B2(NN)3+ core ion. Another one is a B-B bonded B2(NN)4+ complex with a planar D2h structure. Bonding analyses reveal that the B-NN interactions in these complexes come mainly from covalent orbital interactions, with the NN → B σ donation being stronger than the B → NN π back-donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaye Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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27
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Yu X, Einkauf JD, Bryantsev VS, Cheshire MC, Reinhart BJ, Autschbach J, Burns JD. Spectroscopic characterization of neptunium(VI), plutonium(VI), americium(VI) and neptunium(V) encapsulated in uranyl nitrate hexahydrate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:13228-13241. [PMID: 34086024 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01047f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The coordination of crystalline products resulting from the co-crystallization of Np(vi), Pu(vi), Am(vi), and Np(v) with uranyl nitrate hexahydrate (UNH) has been revealed through solid-state spectroscopic characterization via diffuse reflectance UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. Density functional and multireference wavefunction calculations were performed to analyze the An(vi/v)O2(NO3)2·2H2O electronic structures and to help assign the observed transitions in the absorption spectra. EXAFS show a similar coordination between the U(VI) in UNH and Np(vi) and Pu(vi); while Am resulted in a similar coordination to Am(iii), as reduction of Am(vi) occurred prior to EXAFS data being obtained. The co-crystallization of the oxidized transuranic species-penta- and hexavalent-with UNH, represents a significant advance from not only a practical standpoint in providing an elegant solution for used nuclear fuel recycle, but also as an avenue to expand the fundamental understanding of the 5f electronic behavior in the solid-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Jeffrey D Einkauf
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Vyacheslav S Bryantsev
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Michael C Cheshire
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | | | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Jonathan D Burns
- Nuclear Engineering and Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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28
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Lanthanides and actinides: Annual survey of their organometallic chemistry covering the year 2019. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Boronski JT, Seed JA, Wooles AJ, Liddle ST. Fragmentation, catenation, and direct functionalisation of white phosphorus by a uranium(IV)-silyl-phosphino-carbene complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5090-5093. [PMID: 33899851 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01741a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Room temperature reaction of the uranium(iv)-carbene [U{C(SiMe3)(PPh2)}(BIPMTMS)(μ-Cl)Li(TMEDA)(μ-TMEDA)0.5]2 (1, BIPMTMS = C(PPh2NSiMe3)2) with white phosphorus (P4) produces the organo-P5 compound [P5{C(SiMe3)(PPh2)}2][Li(TMEDA)2] (2) and the uranium(iv)-methanediide [U{BIPMTMS}{Cl}{μ-Cl}2{Li(TMEDA)}] (3). This is an unprecedented example of cooperative metal-carbene P4 activation/insertion into a metal-carbon double bond and also an actinide complex reacting with P4 to directly form an organophosphorus species. Conducting the reaction at low temperature permits the isolation of the diuranium(iv) complex [{U(BIPMTMS)([μ-η2:η2-P2]C[SiMe3][PPh2])}2] (4), which then converts to 2 and 3. Thus, surprisingly, in contrast to all other actinide P4 reactivity, although this reaction produces catenation overall it proceeds via P4 cleavage to functionalised P2 units. Hence, this work establishes a proof of concept synthetic cycle for direct fragmentation, catenation, and functionalisation of P4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef T Boronski
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - John A Seed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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30
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Wang P, Douair I, Zhao Y, Wang S, Zhu J, Maron L, Zhu C. Facile Dinitrogen and Dioxygen Cleavage by a Uranium(III) Complex: Cooperativity Between the Non‐Innocent Ligand and the Uranium Center. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Penglong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Iskander Douair
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA Université Paul Sabatier 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA Université Paul Sabatier 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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31
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Wang P, Douair I, Zhao Y, Wang S, Zhu J, Maron L, Zhu C. Facile Dinitrogen and Dioxygen Cleavage by a Uranium(III) Complex: Cooperativity Between the Non‐Innocent Ligand and the Uranium Center. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:473-479. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Penglong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Iskander Douair
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA Université Paul Sabatier 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA Université Paul Sabatier 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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32
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Deng G, Pan S, Wang G, Zhao L, Zhou M, Frenking G. Beryllium Atom Mediated Dinitrogen Activation via Coupling with Carbon Monoxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18201-18207. [PMID: 32583528 PMCID: PMC7589277 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of laser-ablated beryllium atoms with dinitrogen and carbon monoxide mixtures form the end-on bonded NNBeCO and side-on bonded (η2 -N2 )BeCO isomers in solid argon, which are predicted by quantum chemical calculations to be almost isoenergetic. The end-on bonded complex has a triplet ground state while the side-on bonded isomer has a singlet electronic ground state. The complexes rearrange to the energetically lowest lying NBeNCO isomer upon visible light excitation, which is characterized to be an isocyanate complex of a nitrene derivative with a triplet electronic ground state. A bonding analysis using a charge- and energy decomposition procedure reveals that the electronic reference state of Be in the NNBeCO isomers has an 2s0 2p2 excited configuration and that the metal-ligand bonds can be described in terms of N2 →Be←CO σ donation and concomitant N2 ←Be→CO π backdonation. The results demonstrate that the activation of N2 with the N-N bond being completely cleaved can be achieved via coupling with carbon monoxide mediated by a main group atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohai Deng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Sudip Pan
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse 435043MarburgGermany
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33
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Deng G, Pan S, Wang G, Zhao L, Zhou M, Frenking G. Beryllium Atom Mediated Dinitrogen Activation via Coupling with Carbon Monoxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guohai Deng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Sudip Pan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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34
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Thomas GT, Donnecke S, Paci I, McIndoe JS. Trichloro(Dinitrogen)Platinate(II). Chemistry 2020; 26:12359-12362. [PMID: 32598504 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Zeise's salt, [PtCl3 (H2 C=CH2 )]- , is the oldest known organometallic complex, featuring ethylene strongly bound to a platinum salt. Many derivatives are known, but none involving dinitrogen, and indeed dinitrogen complexes are unknown for both platinum and palladium. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of K2 [PtCl4 ] solutions generate strong ions corresponding to [PtCl3 (N2 )]- , the identity of which was confirmed through ion-mobility spectrometry and MS/MS experiments that proved it to be distinct from its isobaric counterparts [PtCl3 (C2 H4 )]- and [PtCl3 (CO)]- . Computational analysis established a gas-phase platinum-dinitrogen bond strength of 116 kJ mol-1 , substantially weaker than the ethylene and carbon monoxide analogues but stronger than for polar solvents such as water, methanol and dimethylformamide, and strong enough that the calculated N-N bond length of 1.119 Å represents weakening to a degree typical of isolated dinitrogen complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilian T Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British, Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Sofia Donnecke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British, Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Irina Paci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British, Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - J Scott McIndoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British, Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
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35
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Seed JA, Sharpe HR, Futcher HJ, Wooles AJ, Liddle ST. Nature of the Arsonium‐Ylide Ph
3
As=CH
2
and a Uranium(IV) Arsonium–Carbene Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John A. Seed
- Department of Chemistry The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Helen R. Sharpe
- Department of Chemistry The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Harry J. Futcher
- Department of Chemistry The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Ashley J. Wooles
- Department of Chemistry The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- Department of Chemistry The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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36
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Bruch QJ, Connor GP, McMillion ND, Goldman AS, Hasanayn F, Holland PL, Miller AJM. Considering Electrocatalytic Ammonia Synthesis via Bimetallic Dinitrogen Cleavage. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quinton J. Bruch
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Gannon P. Connor
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Noah D. McMillion
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Alan S. Goldman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Faraj Hasanayn
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Patrick L. Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Alexander J. M. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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37
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Xin X, Douair I, Zhao Y, Wang S, Maron L, Zhu C. Dinitrogen Cleavage by a Heterometallic Cluster Featuring Multiple Uranium–Rhodium Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15004-15011. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Iskander Douair
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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38
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Seed JA, Sharpe HR, Futcher HJ, Wooles AJ, Liddle ST. Nature of the Arsonium-Ylide Ph 3 As=CH 2 and a Uranium(IV) Arsonium-Carbene Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15870-15874. [PMID: 32484980 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of [Ph3 EMe][I] with [Na{N(SiMe3 )2 }] affords the ylides [Ph3 E=CH2 ] (E=As, 1As; P, 1P). For 1As this overcomes prior difficulties in the synthesis of this classical arsonium-ylide that have historically impeded its wider study. The structure of 1As has now been determined, 45 years after it was first convincingly isolated, and compared to 1P, confirming the long-proposed hypothesis of increasing pyramidalisation of the ylide-carbon, highlighting the increasing dominance of E+ -C- dipolar resonance form (sp3 -C) over the E=C ene π-bonded form (sp2 -C), as group 15 is descended. The uranium(IV)-cyclometallate complex [U{N(CH2 CH2 NSiPri 3 )2 (CH2 CH2 SiPri 2 CH(Me)CH2 )}] reacts with 1As and 1P by α-proton abstraction to give [U(TrenTIPS )(CHEPh3 )] (TrenTIPS =N(CH2 CH2 NSiPri 3 )3 ; E=As, 2As; P, 2P), where 2As is an unprecedented structurally characterised arsonium-carbene complex. The short U-C distances and obtuse U-C-E angles suggest significant U=C double bond character. A shorter U-C distance is found for 2As than 2P, consistent with increased uranium- and reduced pnictonium-stabilisation of the carbene as group 15 is descended, which is supported by quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Seed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Helen R Sharpe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Harry J Futcher
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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39
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Deng G, Pan S, Wang G, Zhao L, Zhou M, Frenking G. Side-On Bonded Beryllium Dinitrogen Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10603-10609. [PMID: 32196126 PMCID: PMC7317369 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The preparation and spectroscopic identification of the complexes NNBe(η2 -N2 ) and (NN)2 Be(η2 -N2 ) and the energetically higher lying isomers Be(NN)2 and Be(NN)3 are reported. NNBe(η2 -N2 ) and (NN)2 Be(η2 -N2 ) are the first examples of covalently side-on bonded N2 adducts of a main-group element. The analysis of the electronic structure using modern methods of quantum chemistry suggests that NNBe(η2 -N2 ) and (NN)2 Be(η2 -N2 ) should be classified as π complexes rather than metalladiazirines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohai Deng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Sudip Pan
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse 435043MarburgGermany
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40
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Arnold PL, Ochiai T, Lam FYT, Kelly RP, Seymour ML, Maron L. Metallacyclic actinide catalysts for dinitrogen conversion to ammonia and secondary amines. Nat Chem 2020; 12:654-659. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Deng G, Pan S, Wang G, Zhao L, Zhou M, Frenking G. Side‐On Bonded Beryllium Dinitrogen Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guohai Deng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Sudip Pan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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42
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Li L, Wu Z, Zhu H, Robinson GH, Xie Y, Schaefer HF. Reduction of Dinitrogen via 2,3′-Bipyridine-Mediated Tetraboration. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6244-6250. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei People’s Republic of China
| | - Huajie Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei People’s Republic of China
| | - Gregory H. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Yaoming Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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43
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Niklas JE, Hunter KM, Gorden AEV. Bonding Interactions in Uranyl α-Diimine Complexes: A Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Study of the Impacts of Ligand Electronics and Extended Conjugation. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:15088-15100. [PMID: 31689099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Uranyl complexes of aryl-substituted α-diimine ligands gbha (UO2-1a-f) and phen-BIAN (UO2-2a-f) [gbha (1) = glyoxal bis(2-hydroxyanil); phen-BIAN (2) = N,N'-bis(iminophenol)acenaphthene; R = OMe (a), t-bu (b), H (c), Me (d), F (e), and naphthyl (f)] were designed, prepared, and characterized by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, NMR, UV-vis, and electrochemical methods. These ligand frameworks contain a salen-type O-N-N-O binding pocket but are redox-noninnocent, leading to unusual metal complex behaviors. Here, we describe three solid-state structures of uranyl complexes UO2-1b, UO2-1c, and UO2-1f and observe manifestations of ligand noninnocence for the U(VI) complexes UO2-1b and UO2-1c. The impacts of accessible π-systems and ligand substitution on the axial uranium-oxo interactions were evaluated spectroscopically via the intraligand charge-transfer (ILCT) processes that dominate the absorption spectra of these complexes and through changes to the asymmetric (ν3) O═U═O stretching frequency. This, in combination with electrochemical data, reveals the effects of the inclusion of the conjugated acenaphthene backbone and the importance of ligand electronic structure on uranyl's bonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Niklas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Auburn University , 179 Chemistry Building , Auburn , Alabama 36849 , United States
| | - Katherine M Hunter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Auburn University , 179 Chemistry Building , Auburn , Alabama 36849 , United States
| | - Anne E V Gorden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Auburn University , 179 Chemistry Building , Auburn , Alabama 36849 , United States
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