1
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Feng J, Hosseinabadi P, de Clercq DM, Carwithen BP, Nielsen MP, Brett MW, Prasad SKK, Farahani AAD, Li HL, Sanders SN, Beves JE, Ekins-Daukes NJ, Cole JH, Thordarson P, Huang DM, Tayebjee MJY, Schmidt TW. Magnetic fields reveal signatures of triplet-pair multi-exciton photoluminescence in singlet fission. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01591-0. [PMID: 39054380 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The photophysical processes of singlet fission and triplet fusion have numerous emerging applications. They involve the separation of a photo-generated singlet exciton into two dark triplet excitons and the fusion of two dark triplet excitons into an emissive singlet exciton, respectively. The role of the excimer state and the nature of the triplet-pair state in these processes have been a matter of contention. Here we analyse the room temperature time-resolved emission of a neat liquid singlet fission chromophore and show that it exhibits three spectral components: two that correspond to the bright singlet and excimer states and a third component that becomes more prominent during triplet fusion. This spectrum is enhanced by magnetic fields, confirming its origins in the recombination of weakly coupled triplet pairs. It is thus attributed to a strongly coupled triplet pair state. These observations unite the view that there is an emissive intermediate in singlet fission and triplet fusion, distinct from the broad, unstructured excimer emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Feng
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Parisa Hosseinabadi
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Damon M de Clercq
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ben P Carwithen
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael P Nielsen
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew W Brett
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shyamal K K Prasad
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam A D Farahani
- The UNSW RNA Institute, The Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hsiu L Li
- The UNSW RNA Institute, The Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Jonathon E Beves
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N J Ekins-Daukes
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jared H Cole
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pall Thordarson
- The UNSW RNA Institute, The Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David M Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Murad J Y Tayebjee
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy W Schmidt
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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2
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Sasaki Y, Georgiou K, Wang S, Bossanyi DG, Jayaprakash R, Yanai N, Kimizuka N, Lidzey DG, Musser AJ, Clark J. Radiative pumping in a strongly coupled microcavity filled with a neat molecular film showing excimer emission. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:14745-14753. [PMID: 38716658 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00255e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Strong light-matter interactions have attracted much attention as a means to control the physical/chemical properties of organic semiconducting materials with light-matter hybrids called polaritons. To unveil the processes under strong coupling, studies on the dynamics of polaritons are of particular importance. While highly condensed molecular materials with large dipole density are ideal to achieve strong coupling, the emission properties of such films often become a mixture of monomeric and excimeric components, making the role of excimers unclear. Here, we use amorphous neat films of a new bis(phenylethynyl anthracene) derivative showing only excimer emission and investigate the excited-state dynamics of a series of strongly coupled microcavities, with each cavity being characterised by a different exciton-photon detuning. A time-resolved photoluminescence study shows that the excimer radiatively pumps the lower polariton in the relaxation process and the decay profile reflects the density of states. The delayed emission derived from triplet-triplet annihilation is not sensitive to the cavity environment, possibly due to the rapid excimer formation. Our results highlight the importance of controlling intermolecular interactions towards rational design of organic exciton-polariton devices, whose performance depends on efficient polariton relaxation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, S3 7RH, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Kyriacos Georgiou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, S3 7RH, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Shuangqing Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, S3 7RH, Sheffield, UK.
| | - David G Bossanyi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, S3 7RH, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Rahul Jayaprakash
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, S3 7RH, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Nobuhiro Yanai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - David G Lidzey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, S3 7RH, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Andrew J Musser
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Jenny Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, S3 7RH, Sheffield, UK.
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3
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de Clercq DM, Collins MI, Sloane NP, Feng J, McCamey DR, Tayebjee MJY, Nielsen MP, Schmidt TW. Singlet fission in TIPS-anthracene thin films. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6402-6409. [PMID: 38699250 PMCID: PMC11062091 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06774b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Singlet fission is an exciton multiplication process that allows for the conversion of one singlet exciton into two triplet excitons. Organic semiconductors, such as acenes and their soluble bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) (TIPS) substituted counterparts, have played a major role in elucidating the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of singlet fission. Despite this, one prominent member of the acene family that has received little experimental attention to date is TIPS-anthracene, even with computational studies suggesting potential high singlet fission yields in the solid state. Here, time-resolved spectroscopic and magneto-photoluminescence measurements were performed on spin-cast films of TIPS-anthracene, showing evidence for singlet fission. A singlet fission yield of 19% (out of 200%) is estimated from transient absorption spectroscopy. Kinetic modeling of the magnetic field effect on photoluminescence suggests that fast rates of triplet dissociation lead to a low magnetic photoluminescence effect and that non-radiative decay of both the S1 and 1(TT) states is the cause for the low triplet yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon M de Clercq
- School of Chemistry, ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Miles I Collins
- School of Physics, ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Nicholas P Sloane
- School of Physics, ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Jiale Feng
- School of Chemistry, ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Dane R McCamey
- School of Physics, ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Murad J Y Tayebjee
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Michael P Nielsen
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Timothy W Schmidt
- School of Chemistry, ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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4
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Hudson JM, Evans EW. Radical Spin Polarization and Magnetosensitivity from Reversible Energy Transfer. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4130-4135. [PMID: 38593182 PMCID: PMC11033935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Molecular spins provide potential building units for future quantum information science and spintronic technologies. In particular, doublet (S = 1/2) and triplet (S = 1) molecular spin states have the potential for excellent optical and spin properties for these applications if useful photon-spin mechanisms at room temperature can be devised. Here we explore the potential of exploiting reversible energy transfer between triplet and doublet states to establish magnetosensitive luminescence and spin polarization. We investigate the dependence of the photon-spin mechanism on the magnitude and sign of the exchange interaction between the doublet and triplet spin components in amorphous and crystalline model systems. The design of a magnetic field inclination sensor is proposed from understanding the required "structure" (spin interactions) to "function" (magnetosensitivity).
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Hudson
- Department
of Chemistry, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Integrative Semiconductor Materials, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Emrys W. Evans
- Department
of Chemistry, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Integrative Semiconductor Materials, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
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5
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Kim J, Teo HT, Hong Y, Cha H, Kim W, Chi C, Kim D. Elucidating Singlet-Fission-Born Multiexciton Dynamics via Molecular Engineering: A Dilution Principle Extended to Quintet Triplet Pair. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10833-10846. [PMID: 38578848 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Multiexciton in singlet exciton fission represents a critical quantum state with significant implications for both solar cell applications and quantum information science. Two distinct fields of interest explore contrasting phenomena associated with the geminate triplet pair: one focusing on the persistence of long-lived correlation and the other emphasizing efficient decorrelation. Despite the pivotal nature of multiexciton processes, a comprehensive understanding of their dependence on the structural and spin properties of materials is currently lacking in experimental realizations. To address this gap in knowledge, molecular engineering was employed to modify the TIPS-tetracene structures, enabling an investigation of the structure-property relationships in spin-related multiexciton processes. In lieu of the time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance technique, two time-resolved magneto-optical spectroscopies were implemented for quantitative analysis of spin-dependent multiexciton dynamics. The utilization of absorption and fluorescence signals as complementary optical readouts, in the presence of a magnetic field, provided crucial insights into geminate triplet pair dynamics. These insights encompassed the duration of multiexciton correlation and the involvement of the spin state in multiexciton decorrelation. Furthermore, simulations based on our kinetic models suggested a role for quintet dilution in multiexciton dynamics, surpassing the singlet dilution principle established by the Merrifield model. The integration of intricate model structures and time-resolved magneto-optical spectroscopies served to explicitly elucidate the interplay between structural and spin properties in multiexciton processes. This comprehensive approach not only contributes to the fundamental understanding of these processes but also aligns with and reinforces previous experimental studies of solid states and theoretical assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juno Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hao Ting Teo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyojung Cha
- Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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6
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Pompetti N, Smyser KE, Feingold B, Owens R, Lama B, Sharma S, Damrauer NH, Johnson JC. Tetracene Diacid Aggregates for Directing Energy Flow toward Triplet Pairs. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146. [PMID: 38606884 PMCID: PMC11046478 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive investigation of the solution-phase photophysics of tetracene bis-carboxylic acid [5,12-tetracenepropiolic acid (Tc-DA)] and its related methyl ester [5,12-tetracenepropynoate (Tc-DE)], a non-hydrogen-bonding counterpart, reveals the role of the carboxylic acid moiety in driving molecular aggregation and concomitant excited-state behavior. Low-concentration solutions of Tc-DA exhibit similar properties to the popular 5,12-bis((triisopropylsilyl)ethynl)tetracene, but as the concentration increases, evidence for aggregates that form excimers and a new mixed-state species with charge-transfer (CT) and correlated triplet pair (TT) character is revealed by transient absorption and fluorescence experiments. Aggregates of Tc-DA evolve further with concentration toward an additional phase that is dominated by the mixed CT/TT state which is the only state present in Tc-DE aggregates and can be modulated with the solvent polarity. Computational modeling finds that cofacial arrangement of Tc-DA and Tc-DE subunits is the most stable aggregate structure and this agrees with results from 1H NMR spectroscopy. The calculated spectra of these cofacial dimers replicate the observed broadening in ground-state absorption as well as accurately predict the formation of a near-UV transition associated with a CT between molecular subunits that is unique to the specific aggregate structure. Taken together, the results suggest that the hydrogen bonding between Tc-DA molecules and the associated disruption of hydrogen bonding with solvent produce a regime of dimer-like behavior, absent in Tc-DE, that favors excimers rather than CT/TT mixed states. The control of aggregate size and structure using distinct functional groups, solute concentration, and solvent in tetracene promises new avenues for its use in light-harvesting schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas
F. Pompetti
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- University
of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Kori E. Smyser
- University
of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80401, United States
| | | | - Raythe Owens
- University
of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Bimala Lama
- University
of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- University
of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Niels H. Damrauer
- University
of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80401, United States
- Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Institute, University
of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Justin C. Johnson
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Institute, University
of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80401, United States
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7
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Bossanyi DG, Matthiesen M, Jayaprakash R, Bhattacharya S, Zaumseil J, Clark J. Singlet fission is incoherent in pristine orthorhombic single crystals of rubrene: no evidence of triplet-pair emission. Faraday Discuss 2024; 250:162-180. [PMID: 37991094 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00150d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) and its inverse, triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA), are promising strategies for enhancing photovoltaic efficiencies. However, detailed descriptions of the processes of SF/TTA are not fully understood, even in the most well-studied systems. Reports of the photophysics of crystalline rubrene, for example, are often inconsistent. Here we attempt to resolve these inconsistencies using time-resolved photoluminescence and transient absorption spectroscopy of 'pristine' rubrene orthorhombic single crystals. We find the reported time-resolved photoluminescence behaviour that hinted at triplet-pair emission is found only at specific sites on the crystals and likely arises from surface defects. Using transient absorption spectroscopy of the same crystals, we also observe no evidence of instantaneous generation of triplet-pair population with ∼100 fs excitation, independent of excitation wavelength (532 nm, 495 nm) or excitation angle. Our results suggest that SF occurs incoherently on a relatively slow (picosecond) timescale in rubrene single crystals, as expected from the original theoretical calculations. We conclude that the sub-100 fs formation of triplet pairs in crystalline rubrene films is likely to be due to static disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Bossanyi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK.
| | - Maik Matthiesen
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rahul Jayaprakash
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK.
| | | | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK.
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8
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O’Dea C, Isokuortti J, Comer EE, Roberts ST, Page ZA. Triplet Upconversion under Ambient Conditions Enables Digital Light Processing 3D Printing. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:272-282. [PMID: 38435512 PMCID: PMC10906251 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The rapid photochemical conversion of materials from liquid to solid (i.e., curing) has enabled the fabrication of modern plastics used in microelectronics, dentistry, and medicine. However, industrialized photocurables remain restricted to unimolecular bond homolysis reactions (Type I photoinitiations) that are driven by high-energy UV light. This narrow mechanistic scope both challenges the production of high-resolution objects and restricts the materials that can be produced using emergent manufacturing technologies (e.g., 3D printing). Herein we develop a photosystem based on triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) that efficiently drives a Type I photocuring process using green light at low power density (<10 mW/cm2) and in the presence of ambient oxygen. This system also exhibits a superlinear dependence of its cure depth on the light exposure intensity, which enhances spatial resolution. This enables for the first-time integration of TTA-UC in an inexpensive, rapid, and high-resolution manufacturing process, digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. Moreover, relative to traditional Type I and Type II (photoredox) strategies, the present TTA-UC photoinitiation method results in improved cure depth confinement and resin shelf stability. This report provides a user-friendly avenue to utilize TTA-UC in ambient photochemical processes and paves the way toward fabrication of next-generation plastics with improved geometric precision and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor
J. O’Dea
- Department of Chemistry, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 ,United States
| | - Jussi Isokuortti
- Department of Chemistry, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 ,United States
| | - Emma E. Comer
- Department of Chemistry, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 ,United States
| | - Sean T. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 ,United States
| | - Zachariah A. Page
- Department of Chemistry, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 ,United States
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9
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Reid OG, Johnson JC, Eaves JD, Damrauer NH, Anthony JE. Molecular Control of Triplet-Pair Spin Polarization and Its Optoelectronic Magnetic Resonance Probes. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:59-69. [PMID: 38103045 PMCID: PMC10765369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusPreparing and manipulating pure magnetic states in molecular systems are the key initial requirements for harnessing the power of synthetic chemistry to drive practical quantum sensing and computing technologies. One route for achieving the requisite higher spin states in organic systems exploits the phenomenon of singlet fission, which produces pairs of triplet excited states from initially photoexcited singlets in molecular assemblies with multiple chromophores. The resulting spin states are characterized by total spin (quintet, triplet, or singlet) and its projection onto a specified molecular or magnetic field axis. These excited states are typically highly polarized but exhibit an impure spin population pattern. Herein, we report the prediction and experimental verification of molecular design rules that drive the population of a single pure magnetic state and describe the progress toward its experimental realization.A vital feature of this work is the close partnership among theory, chemical synthesis, and spectroscopy. We begin by presenting our theoretical framework for understanding spin manifold interconversion in singlet fission systems. This theory makes specific testable predictions about the intermolecular structure and orientation relative to an external magnetic field that should lead to pure magnetic state preparation and provides a powerful tool for interpreting magnetic spectra. We then test these predictions through detailed magnetic spectroscopy experiments on a series of new molecular architectures that meet one or more of the identified structural criteria. Many of these architectures rely on the synthesis of molecules with features unique to this effort: rigid bridges between chromophores in dimers, heteroacenes with tailored singlet/triplet-pair energy level matching, or side-group engineering to produce specific crystal structures. The spin evolution of these systems is revealed through our application and development of several magnetic resonance methods, each of which has different sensitivities and relevance in environments relevant to quantum applications.Our theoretical predictions prove to be remarkably consistent with our experimental results, though experimentally meeting all the structural prescriptions demanded by theory for true pure-state preparation remains a challenge. Our magnetic spectra agree with our model of triplet-pair behavior, including funneling of the population to the ms = 0 magnetic sublevel of the quintet under specified conditions in dimers and crystals, showing that this phenomenon is subject to control through molecular design. Moreover, our demonstration of novel and/or highly sensitive detection mechanisms of spin states in singlet fission systems, including photoluminescence (PL), photoinduced absorption (PA), and magnetoconductance (MC), points the way toward both a deeper understanding of how these systems evolve and technologically feasible routes toward experiments at the single-molecule quantum limit that are desirable for computational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obadiah G. Reid
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Institute, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Justin C. Johnson
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Institute, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Joel D. Eaves
- Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Institute, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Niels H. Damrauer
- Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Institute, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - John E. Anthony
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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10
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Wen J, Zhou J, Li X, Lv M, Huang J, Li Z, Zhang B, Wang M, Chen J, Zhu M. Excitation localization/delocalization induced intramolecular singlet fission in cyclopentadithiophene-based quinoidal derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:29698-29708. [PMID: 37882726 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02588h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Two triplet excitons are generated through an ultrafast photophysical process, namely singlet fission (SF), providing a solution for efficient solar energy usage. In this work, we provide an effective guideline for designing SF materials by adjusting the planarity in cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) derivatives. A practical strategy is proposed for tuning the quinoidal-biradical resonance structures by varying the electron push-pull groups of CPDTs for SF. The localized, delocalized, and intermediate charge-transfer excited configurations are predicted in the singlet excited state via computational simulations, which is further confirmed by ultrafast spectroscopy. Deduced from the potential energy surfaces in the low-lying excited states and transient absorption, the delocalized excited state is formed in 2.1 ps via postulated intramolecular SF in a polar solvent, followed by the ultrafast formation of the free triplet state with a lifetime of 6.8 ps. In comparison with different cross-conjugated chromophores, it is found that the increase in the charge separation could enhance the triplet-pair generation for iSF. We expect that by introducing symmetry-breaking modifications in the electronic configurations and adjusting the separation between the push-pull groups of CPDTs, it should be possible to prolong the duration of the free triplet state by preventing recombination within the triplet-pair excited configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xuesi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Meng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Jiangsu Sidike New Materials Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Sihong Economic Development Area, Jiangsu 223900, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Boyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jinquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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11
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He G, Parenti KR, Budden PJ, Niklas J, Macdonald T, Kumarasamy E, Chen X, Yin X, McCamey DR, Poluektov OG, Campos LM, Sfeir MY. Unraveling Triplet Formation Mechanisms in Acenothiophene Chromophores. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22058-22068. [PMID: 37787467 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of molecular platforms for singlet fission (SF) chromophores has fueled the quest for new compounds capable of generating triplets quantitatively at fast time scales. As the exploration of molecular motifs for SF has diversified, a key challenge has emerged in identifying when the criteria for SF have been satisfied. Here, we show how covalently bound molecular dimers uniquely provide a set of characteristic optical markers that can be used to distinguish triplet pair formation from processes that generate an individual triplet. These markers are contained within (i) triplet charge-transfer excited state absorption features, (ii) kinetic signatures of triplet-triplet annihilation processes, and (iii) the modulation of triplet formation rates using bridging moieties between chromophores. Our assignments are verified by time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements, which directly identify triplet pairs by their electron spin and polarization patterns. We apply these diagnostic criteria to dimers of acenothiophene derivatives in solution that were recently reported to undergo efficient intermolecular SF in condensed media. While the electronic structure of these heteroatom-containing chromophores can be broadly tuned, the effect of their enhanced spin-orbit coupling and low-energy nonbonding orbitals on their SF dynamics has not been fully determined. We find that SF is fast and efficient in tetracenothiophene but that anthradithiophene exhibits fast intersystem crossing due to modifications of the singlet and triplet excited state energies upon functionalization of the heterocycle. We conclude that it is not sufficient to assign SF based on comparisons of the triplet formation kinetics between monomer and multichromophore systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying He
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Kaia R Parenti
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Peter J Budden
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Jens Niklas
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Thomas Macdonald
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Physics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2052 NSW, Australia
| | - Elango Kumarasamy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Dane R McCamey
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Physics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2052 NSW, Australia
| | - Oleg G Poluektov
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Matthew Y Sfeir
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
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12
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Majumder K, Mukherjee S, Panjwani NA, Lee J, Bittl R, Kim W, Patil S, Musser AJ. Controlling Intramolecular Singlet Fission Dynamics via Torsional Modulation of Through-Bond versus Through-Space Couplings. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20883-20896. [PMID: 37705333 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Covalent dimers, particularly pentacenes, are the dominant platform for developing a mechanistic understanding of intramolecular singlet fission (iSF). Numerous studies have demonstrated that a photoexcited singlet state in these structures can rapidly and efficiently undergo exciton multiplication to form a correlated pair of triplets within a single molecule, with potential applications from photovoltaics to quantum information science. One of the most significant barriers limiting such dimers is the fast recombination of the triplet pair, which prevents spatial separation and the formation of long-lived triplet states. There is an ever-growing need to develop general synthetic strategies to control the evolution of triplets following iSF and enhance their lifetime. Here, we rationally tune the dihedral angle and interchromophore separation between pairs of pentacenes in a systematic series of bridging units to facilitate triplet separation. Through a combination of transient optical and spin-resonance techniques, we demonstrate that torsion within the linker provides a simple synthetic handle to tune the fine balance between through-bond and through-space interchromophore couplings that steer iSF. We show that the full iSF pathway from femtosecond to microsecond timescales is tuned through the static coupling set by molecular design and structural fluctuations that can be biased through steric control. Our approach highlights a straightforward design principle to generate paramagnetic spin pair states with higher yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanad Majumder
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Soham Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Naitik A Panjwani
- Berlin Joint EPR Lab, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität, Berlin, Berlin 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert Bittl
- Berlin Joint EPR Lab, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität, Berlin, Berlin 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Woojae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Satish Patil
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Andrew J Musser
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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13
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Wang J, Ren Z, Pan J, Wu X, Jie J, Zhang X, Zhang X. Wafer-Scale Epitaxial Growth of Two-dimensional Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals toward High-Performance Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301017. [PMID: 37436692 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The success of state-of-the-art electronics and optoelectronics relies heavily on the capability to fabricate semiconductor single-crystal wafers. However, the conventional epitaxial growth strategy for inorganic wafers is invalid for growing organic semiconductor single crystals due to the lack of lattice-matched epitaxial substrates and intricate nucleation behaviors, severely impeding the advancement of organic single-crystal electronics. Here, an anchored crystal-seed epitaxial growth method for wafer-scale growth of 2D organic semiconductor single crystals is developed for the first time. The crystal seed is firmly anchored on the viscous liquid surface, ensuring the steady epitaxial growth of organic single crystals from the crystal seed. The atomically flat liquid surface effectively eliminates the disturbance from substrate defects and greatly enhances the 2D growth of organic crystals. Using this approach, a wafer-scale few-layer bis(triethylsilythynyl)-anthradithphene (Dif-TES-ADT) single crystal is formed, yielding a breakthrough for organic field-effect transistors with a high reliable mobility up to 8.6 cm2 V-1 s-1 and an ultralow mobility variable coefficient of 8.9%. This work opens a new avenue to fabricate organic single-crystal wafers for high-performance organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Ren
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jing Pan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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14
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Bo Y, Hou Y, Thiel D, Weiß R, Clark T, Ferguson MJ, Tykwinski RR, Guldi DM. Tetracene Dimers: A Platform for Intramolecular Down- and Up-conversion. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18260-18275. [PMID: 37531628 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Photon energy conversion can be accomplished in many different ways, including the two opposing manners, down-conversion (i.e., singlet fission, SF) and up-conversion (i.e., triplet-triplet annihilation up-conversion, TTA-UC). Both processes have the potential to help overcome the detailed balance limit of single-junction solar cells. Tetracene, in which the energies of the lowest singlet excited state and twice the triplet excited state are comparable, exhibits both down- and up-conversion. Here, we have designed meta-diethynylphenylene- and 1,3-diethynyladamantyl-linked tetracene dimers, which feature different electronic coupling, to characterize the interplay between intramolecular SF (intra-SF) and intramolecular TTA-UC (intra-TTA-UC) via steady-state and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, we have used Pd-phthalocyanine as a sensitizer to enable intra-TTA-UC in the two dimers via indirect photoexcitation in the near-infrared part of the solar spectrum. The work is rounded off by temperature-dependent measurements, which outline key aspects of how thermal effects impact intra-SF and intra-TTA-UC in different dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Bo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yuxuan Hou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Dominik Thiel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - René Weiß
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstr. 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Sutherland GA, Pidgeon JP, Lee HKH, Proctor MS, Hitchcock A, Wang S, Chekulaev D, Tsoi WC, Johnson MP, Hunter CN, Clark J. Twisted Carotenoids Do Not Support Efficient Intramolecular Singlet Fission in the Orange Carotenoid Protein. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6135-6142. [PMID: 37364284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Singlet exciton fission is the spin-allowed generation of two triplet electronic excited states from a singlet state. Intramolecular singlet fission has been suggested to occur on individual carotenoid molecules within protein complexes provided that the conjugated backbone is twisted out of plane. However, this hypothesis has been forwarded only in protein complexes containing multiple carotenoids and bacteriochlorophylls in close contact. To test the hypothesis on twisted carotenoids in a "minimal" one-carotenoid system, we study the orange carotenoid protein (OCP). OCP exists in two forms: in its orange form (OCPo), the single bound carotenoid is twisted, whereas in its red form (OCPr), the carotenoid is planar. To enable room-temperature spectroscopy on canthaxanthin-binding OCPo and OCPr without laser-induced photoconversion, we trap them in a trehalose glass. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, we show that there is no evidence of long-lived triplet generation through intramolecular singlet fission despite the canthaxanthin twist in OCPo.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Sutherland
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
| | - James P Pidgeon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K
| | - Harrison Ka Hin Lee
- SPECIFIC, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K
| | - Matthew S Proctor
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Andrew Hitchcock
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Shuangqing Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K
| | - Dimitri Chekulaev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Wing Chung Tsoi
- SPECIFIC, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K
| | - Matthew P Johnson
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Jenny Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K
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16
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Wu Y, Lu L, Yu B, Zhang S, Luo P, Chen M, He J, Li Y, Zhang C, Zhu J, Yao J, Fu H. Dynamic Evolving Exothermicity Steers Ultrafast Formation of a Correlated Triplet Pair State. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4233-4240. [PMID: 37126526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) presents an attractive solution to overcome the Shockley-Queisser limit of single-junction solar cells. The conversion from an initial singlet state to final triplet is mediated by the correlated triplet pair state 1(T1T1). Despite significant advancement on 1(T1T1) properties and its role in SF, a comprehensive understanding of the energetic landscape during SF is still unclear. Here, we study an unconventional SF system with excited-state aromaticity, i.e., cyano-substituted dipyrrolonaphtheridinedione derivative (DPND-CN), using time-resolved spectroscopy as a function of the temperature. We demonstrate that the population transfer from S1 to 1(T1T1) is driven by a time-dependent exothermicity resulting from the coherent coupling between electronic and spin degrees of freedom. This is followed by thermal-activated dissociation of 1(T1T1) to yield free triplets. Our results provide some new insight into the SF mechanism, which may guide the development of new efficient and stable SF materials for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishi Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Buyang Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - San Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengdong Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxing Chen
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingping He
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecules Science (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
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17
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Purdy M, Walton JR, Fallon KJ, Toolan DTW, Budden P, Zeng W, Corpinot MK, Bučar DK, van Turnhout L, Friend R, Rao A, Bronstein H. Aza-Cibalackrot: Turning on Singlet Fission Through Crystal Engineering. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10712-10720. [PMID: 37133417 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission is a photophysical process that provides a pathway for more efficient harvesting of solar energy in photovoltaic devices. The design of singlet fission candidates is non-trivial and requires careful optimization of two key criteria: (1) correct energetic alignment and (2) appropriate intermolecular coupling. Meanwhile, this optimization must not come at the cost of molecular stability or feasibility for device applications. Cibalackrot is a historic and stable organic dye which, although it has been suggested to have ideal energetics, does not undergo singlet fission due to large interchromophore distances, as suggested by single crystal analysis. Thus, while the energetic alignment is satisfactory, the molecule does not have the desired intermolecular coupling. Herein, we improve this characteristic through molecular engineering with the first synthesis of an aza-cibalackrot and show, using ultrafast transient spectroscopy, that singlet fission is successfully "turned on."
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Purdy
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Jessica R Walton
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Kealan J Fallon
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Daniel T W Toolan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Peter Budden
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Weixuan Zeng
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Merina K Corpinot
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Dejan-Krešimir Bučar
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Lars van Turnhout
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Richard Friend
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Akshay Rao
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Hugo Bronstein
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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18
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Unger F, Moretti L, Hausch J, Bredehoeft J, Zeiser C, Haug S, Tempelaar R, Hestand NJ, Cerullo G, Broch K. Modulating Singlet Fission by Scanning through Vibronic Resonances in Pentacene-Based Blends. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20610-20619. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Unger
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Luca Moretti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Julian Hausch
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Jona Bredehoeft
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Clemens Zeiser
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Sara Haug
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Roel Tempelaar
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Hestand
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Evangel University, 1111 North Glenstone Avenue, Springfield, Missouri 65802, United States
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Katharina Broch
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
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19
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Baronas P, Kreiza G, Naimovičius L, Radiunas E, Kazlauskas K, Orentas E, Juršėnas S. Sweet Spot of Intermolecular Coupling in Crystalline Rubrene: Intermolecular Separation to Minimize Singlet Fission and Retain Triplet-Triplet Annihilation. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:15327-15335. [PMID: 36147521 PMCID: PMC9484276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c04572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission is detrimental to NIR-to-vis photon upconversion in the solid rubrene (Rub) films, as it diminishes photoluminescence efficiency. Previous studies have shown that thermally activated triplet energy transport drives singlet fission with nearly 100% efficiency in closely packed Rub crystals. Here, we examine triplet separation and recombination as a function of intermolecular distance in the crystalline films of Rub and the t-butyl substituted rubrene (tBRub) derivative. The increased intermolecular distance and altered molecular packing in tBRub films cause suppressed singlet dissociation into free triplets due to slower triplet energy transport. It was found that the formation of correlated triplet pairs 1(TT) and partial triplet separation 1(T···T) occurs in both Rub and tBRub films despite differences in intermolecular coupling. Under weak intermolecular coupling as in tBRub, geminate triplet annihilation of 1(T···T) outcompetes dissociation into free triplets, resulting in emission from the 1(TT) state. Essentially, increasing intermolecular distance up to a certain point (a sweet spot) is a good strategy for suppressing singlet fission and retaining triplet-triplet annihilation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Baronas
- Institute
of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Vilnius
University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - G. Kreiza
- Institute
of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Vilnius
University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - L. Naimovičius
- Institute
of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Vilnius
University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - E. Radiunas
- Institute
of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Vilnius
University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - K. Kazlauskas
- Institute
of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Vilnius
University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - E. Orentas
- Institute
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - S. Juršėnas
- Institute
of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Vilnius
University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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20
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Parallel triplet formation pathways in a singlet fission material. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5244. [PMID: 36068233 PMCID: PMC9448805 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Harvesting long-lived free triplets in high yields by utilizing organic singlet fission materials can be the cornerstone for increasing photovoltaic efficiencies potentially. However, except for polyacenes, which are the most studied systems in the singlet fission field, spin-entangled correlated triplet pairs and free triplets born through singlet fission are relatively poorly characterized. By utilizing transient absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy in supramolecular aggregate thin films consisting of Hamilton-receptor-substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives, we show that photoexcitation gives rise to the formation of spin-0 correlated triplet pair 1(TT) from the lower Frenkel exciton state. The existence of 1(TT) is proved through faint Herzberg-Teller emission that is enabled by vibronic coupling and correlated with an artifact-free triplet-state photoinduced absorption in the near-infrared. Surprisingly, transient electron paramagnetic resonance reveals that long-lived triplets are produced through classical intersystem crossing instead of 1(TT) dissociation, with the two pathways in competition. Moreover, comparison of the triplet-formation dynamics in J-like and H-like thin films with the same energetics reveals that spin-orbit coupling mediated intersystem crossing persists in both. However, 1(TT) only forms in the J-like film, pinpointing the huge impact of intermolecular coupling geometry on singlet fission dynamics.
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21
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Hong Y, Rudolf M, Kim M, Kim J, Schembri T, Krause AM, Shoyama K, Bialas D, Röhr MIS, Joo T, Kim H, Kim D, Würthner F. Steering the multiexciton generation in slip-stacked perylene dye array via exciton coupling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4488. [PMID: 35918327 PMCID: PMC9345863 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dye arrays from dimers up to larger oligomers constitute the functional units of natural light harvesting systems as well as organic photonic and photovoltaic materials. Whilst in the past decades many photophysical studies were devoted to molecular dimers for deriving structure-property relationship to unravel the design principles for ideal optoelectronic materials, they fail to accomplish the subsequent processes of charge carrier generation or the detachment of two triplet species in singlet fission (SF). Here, we present a slip-stacked perylene bisimide trimer, which constitutes a bridge between hitherto studied dimer and solid-state materials, to investigate SF mechanisms. This work showcases multiple pathways towards the multiexciton state through direct or excimer-mediated mechanisms by depending upon interchromophoric interaction. These results suggest the comprehensive role of the exciton coupling, exciton delocalization, and excimer state to facilitate the SF process. In this regard, our observations expand the fundamental understanding the structure-property relationship in dye arrays. Understanding structure-property relationship of dye arrays is of great importance for designing organic photonic and photovoltaic materials. Here, authors present a slip-stacked perylene bisimide array as a model system to investigate singlet fission mechanisms by depending upon interchromophoric interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Hong
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Maximilian Rudolf
- Universitat Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Munnyon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Juno Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tim Schembri
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Theodor-Boveri Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ana-Maria Krause
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Theodor-Boveri Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Theodor-Boveri Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Bialas
- Universitat Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Merle I S Röhr
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Theodor-Boveri Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Taiha Joo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Energy Materials, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universitat Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany. .,Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Theodor-Boveri Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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22
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Brett MW, Gordon CK, Hardy J, Davis NJLK. The Rise and Future of Discrete Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2022; 2:364-387. [PMID: 36855686 PMCID: PMC9955269 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.2c00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid nanomaterials (HNs), the combination of organic semiconductor ligands attached to nanocrystal semiconductor quantum dots, have applications that span a range of practical fields, including biology, chemistry, medical imaging, and optoelectronics. Specifically, HNs operate as discrete, tunable systems that can perform prompt fluorescence, energy transfer, singlet fission, upconversion, and/or thermally activated delayed fluorescence. Interest in HNs has naturally grown over the years due to their tunability and broad spectrum of applications. This Review presents a brief introduction to the components of HNs, before expanding on the characterization and applications of HNs. Finally, the future of HN applications is discussed.
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23
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24
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Bossanyi DG, Sasaki Y, Wang S, Chekulaev D, Kimizuka N, Yanai N, Clark J. Spin Statistics for Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion: Exchange Coupling, Intermolecular Orientation, and Reverse Intersystem Crossing. JACS AU 2021; 1:2188-2201. [PMID: 34977890 PMCID: PMC8715495 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) has great potential to significantly improve the light harvesting capabilities of photovoltaic cells and is also sought after for biomedical applications. Many factors combine to influence the overall efficiency of TTA-UC, the most fundamental of which is the spin statistical factor, η, that gives the probability that a bright singlet state is formed from a pair of annihilating triplet states. The value of η is also critical in determining the contribution of TTA to the overall efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes. Using solid rubrene as a model system, we reiterate why experimentally measured magnetic field effects prove that annihilating triplets first form weakly exchange-coupled triplet-pair states. This is contrary to conventional discussions of TTA-UC that implicitly assume strong exchange coupling, and we show that it has profound implications for the spin statistical factor η. For example, variations in intermolecular orientation tune η from to through spin mixing of the triplet-pair wave functions. Because the fate of spin-1 triplet-pair states is particularly crucial in determining η, we investigate it in rubrene using pump-push-probe spectroscopy and find additional evidence for the recently reported high-level reverse intersystem crossing channel. We incorporate all of these factors into an updated model framework with which to understand the spin statistics of TTA-UC and use it to rationalize the differences in reported values of η among different common annihilator systems. We suggest that harnessing high-level reverse intersystem crossing channels in new annihilator molecules may be a highly promising strategy to exceed any spin statistical limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Bossanyi
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, The University
of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Yoichi Sasaki
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center
for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shuangqing Wang
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, The University
of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Dimitri Chekulaev
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center
for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yanai
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center
for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Jenny Clark
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, The University
of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
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25
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Imperiale CJ, Green PB, Hasham M, Wilson MWB. Ultra-small PbS nanocrystals as sensitizers for red-to-blue triplet-fusion upconversion. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14111-14120. [PMID: 34760195 PMCID: PMC8565365 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04330g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photon upconversion is a strategy to generate high-energy excitations from low-energy photon input, enabling advanced architectures for imaging and photochemistry. Here, we show that ultra-small PbS nanocrystals can sensitize red-to-blue triplet-fusion upconversion with a large anti-Stokes shift (ΔE = 1.04 eV), and achieve max-efficiency upconversion at near-solar fluences (I th = 220 mW cm-2) despite endothermic triplet sensitization. This system facilitates the photo-initiated polymerization of methyl methacrylate using only long-wavelength light (λ exc: 637 nm); a demonstration of nanocrystal-sensitized upconversion photochemistry. Time-resolved spectroscopy and kinetic modelling clarify key loss channels, highlighting the benefit of long-lifetime nanocrystal sensitizers, but revealing that many (48%) excitons that reach triplet-extracting carboxyphenylanthracene ligands decay before they can transfer to free-floating acceptors-emphasizing the need to address the reduced lifetimes that we determine for molecular triplets near the nanocrystal surface. Finally, we find that the inferred thermodynamics of triplet sensitization from these ultra-small PbS quantum dots are surprisingly favourable-completing an advantageous suite of properties for upconversion photochemistry-and do not vary significantly across the ensemble, which indicates minimal effects from nanocrystal heterogeneity. Together, our demonstration and study of red-to-blue upconversion using ultra-small PbS nanocrystals in a quasi-equilibrium, mildly endothermic sensitization scheme offer design rules to advance implementations of triplet fusion, especially where large anti-Stokes wavelength shifts are sought.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe B Green
- University of Toronto, Department of Chemistry Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Minhal Hasham
- University of Toronto, Department of Chemistry Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Mark W B Wilson
- University of Toronto, Department of Chemistry Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
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26
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Dvořák M, Prasad SKK, Dover CB, Forest CR, Kaleem A, MacQueen RW, Petty AJ, Forecast R, Beves JE, Anthony JE, Tayebjee MJY, Widmer-Cooper A, Thordarson P, Schmidt TW. Singlet Fission in Concentrated TIPS-Pentacene Solutions: The Role of Excimers and Aggregates. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13749-13758. [PMID: 34397219 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The excited-state dynamics of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene is investigated to determine the role of excimer and aggregate formation in singlet fission in high-concentration solutions. Photoluminescence spectra were measured by excitation with the evanescent wave in total internal reflection, in order to avoid reabsorption effects. The spectra over nearly two magnitudes of concentration were nearly identical, with no evidence for excimer emission. Time-correlated single-photon counting measurements confirm that the fluorescence lifetime shortens with concentration. The observed rate constant grows at high concentrations, and this effect is modeled in terms of the hard-sphere radial distribution function. NMR measurements confirm that aggregation takes place with a binding constant of between 0.14 and 0.43 M-1. Transient absorption measurements are consistent with a diffusive encounter mechanism for singlet fission, with hints of more rapid singlet fission in aggregates at the highest concentration measured. These data show that excimers do not play the role of an emissive intermediate in exothermic singlet fission in solution and that, while aggregation occurs at higher concentrations, the mechanism of singlet fission remains dominated by diffusive encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Dvořák
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czechia
| | - Shyamal K K Prasad
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Cameron B Dover
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Chelsea R Forest
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Akasha Kaleem
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Rowan W MacQueen
- Department of Spins in Energy Conversion and Quantum Information Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie GmbH, Berlin 14109, Germany
| | - Anthony J Petty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Roslyn Forecast
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Jonathon E Beves
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - John E Anthony
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Murad J Y Tayebjee
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Asaph Widmer-Cooper
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Pall Thordarson
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Timothy W Schmidt
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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27
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Stoycheva J, Romanova J, Tadjer A. Women in the Singlet Fission World: Pearls in a Semi-Open Shell. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102922. [PMID: 34069036 PMCID: PMC8156465 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Singlet fission, a multiple exciton generation process, can revolutionize existing solar cell technologies. Offering the possibility to double photocurrent, the process has become a focal point for physicists, chemists, software developers, and engineers. The following review is dedicated to the female investigators, predominantly theorists, who have contributed to the field of singlet fission. We highlight their most significant advances in the subject, from deciphering the mechanism of the process to designing coveted singlet fission materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Stoycheva
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (J.R.); (A.T.); Tel.: +359-2-8161374 (A.T.)
| | - Julia Romanova
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (J.R.); (A.T.); Tel.: +359-2-8161374 (A.T.)
| | - Alia Tadjer
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (J.R.); (A.T.); Tel.: +359-2-8161374 (A.T.)
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28
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Ye C, Mallick S, Hertzog M, Kowalewski M, Börjesson K. Direct Transition from Triplet Excitons to Hybrid Light-Matter States via Triplet-Triplet Annihilation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7501-7508. [PMID: 33973463 PMCID: PMC8154526 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Strong light–matter
coupling generates hybrid states that
inherit properties of both light and matter, effectively allowing
the modification of the molecular potential energy landscape. This
phenomenon opens up a plethora of options for manipulating the properties
of molecules, with a broad range of applications in photochemistry
and photophysics. In this article, we use strong light–matter
coupling to transform an endothermic triplet–triplet annihilation
process into an exothermic one. The resulting gradual on–off
photon upconversion experiment demonstrates a direct conversion between
molecular states and hybrid light–matter states. Our study
provides a direct evidence that energy can relax from nonresonant
low energy molecular states directly into hybrid light–matter
states and lays the groundwork for tunable photon upconversion systems
that modify molecular properties in situ by optical cavities rather
than with chemical modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården 4, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Suman Mallick
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården 4, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Manuel Hertzog
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården 4, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Markus Kowalewski
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården 4, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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29
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Karlsson JKG, Atahan A, Harriman A, Tkachenko NV, Ward AD, Schaberle FA, Serpa C, Arnaut LG. Singlet Exciton Fission and Associated Enthalpy Changes with a Covalently Linked Bichromophore Comprising TIPS-Pentacenes Held in an Open Conformation. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1184-1197. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K. G. Karlsson
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Alparslan Atahan
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Anthony Harriman
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Nikolai V. Tkachenko
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Koereakoulunkatu 7, FIN-33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Andrew D. Ward
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, U.K
| | - Fabio A. Schaberle
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Serpa
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis G. Arnaut
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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30
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Hussain WA, Plunkett KN. Synthesis of anthradithiophene containing conjugated polymers via a cross-coupling strategy. RSC Adv 2020; 11:996-1000. [PMID: 35423694 PMCID: PMC8693243 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09195b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New conjugated polymers that incorporate dihexylanthradithiophene (DHADT) in the main chain were prepared by Stille, Sonogashira, and Yamamoto cross-coupling polymerization reactions. The polymerization chemistry is enabled by a soluble 5,11-dibromodihexylanthradithiophene monomer that is capable of cross-coupling reactions. Five readily soluble DHADT containing polymers were prepared and characterized experimentally and computationally. These polymers possess HOMO energies of -5.18 eV to -5.43 eV and LUMO energies of -3.0 eV to -2.82 eV. The notable optical features include broad absorption and band gaps ranging from 1.62 eV to 2.15 eV. Polymers were tested in organic field effect transistors and were found to operate in the p-type regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem A Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois 62901 USA
| | - Kyle N Plunkett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois 62901 USA
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