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Kissman EN, Sosa MB, Millar DC, Koleski EJ, Thevasundaram K, Chang MCY. Expanding chemistry through in vitro and in vivo biocatalysis. Nature 2024; 631:37-48. [PMID: 38961155 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07506-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Living systems contain a vast network of metabolic reactions, providing a wealth of enzymes and cells as potential biocatalysts for chemical processes. The properties of protein and cell biocatalysts-high selectivity, the ability to control reaction sequence and operation in environmentally benign conditions-offer approaches to produce molecules at high efficiency while lowering the cost and environmental impact of industrial chemistry. Furthermore, biocatalysis offers the opportunity to generate chemical structures and functions that may be inaccessible to chemical synthesis. Here we consider developments in enzymes, biosynthetic pathways and cellular engineering that enable their use in catalysis for new chemistry and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah N Kissman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Max B Sosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Douglas C Millar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Edward J Koleski
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Michelle C Y Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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2
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Zou J, Qiu ZC, Yu QQ, Wu JM, Wang YH, Shi KD, Li YF, He RR, Qin L, Yao XS, Wang XL, Gao H. Discovery of a Potent Antiosteoporotic Drug Molecular Scaffold Derived from Angelica sinensis and Its Bioinspired Total Synthesis. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:628-636. [PMID: 38559293 PMCID: PMC10979506 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Angelica sinensis, commonly known as Dong Quai in Europe and America and as Dang-gui in China, is a medicinal plant widely utilized for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. In this study, we report the discovery of a new category of phthalide from Angelica sinensis, namely falcarinphthalides A and B (1 and 2), which contains two fragments, (3R,8S)-falcarindiol (3) and (Z)-ligustilide (4). Falcarinphthalides A and B (1 and 2) represent two unprecedented carbon skeletons of phthalide in natural products, and their antiosteoporotic activities were evaluated. The structures of 1 and 2, including their absolute configurations, were established using extensive analysis of NMR spectra, chemical derivatization, and ECD/VCD calculations. Based on LC-HR-ESI-MS analysis and DFT calculations, a production mechanism for 1 and 2 involving enzyme-catalyzed Diels-Alder/retro-Diels-Alder reactions was proposed. Falcarinphthalide A (1), the most promising lead compound, exhibits potent in vitro antiosteoporotic activity by inhibiting NF-κB and c-Fos signaling-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, the bioinspired gram-scale total synthesis of 1, guided by intensive DFT study, has paved the way for further biological investigation. The discovery and gram-scale total synthesis of falcarinphthalide A (1) provide a compelling lead compound and a novel molecular scaffold for treating osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zou
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/International
Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization
and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of
China/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents
of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuo-Cheng Qiu
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/International
Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization
and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of
China/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents
of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
- Translational
Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering/Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518057, People’s Republic of China
- College
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang-Qiang Yu
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/International
Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization
and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of
China/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents
of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ming Wu
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/International
Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization
and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of
China/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents
of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Heng Wang
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/International
Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization
and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of
China/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents
of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke-Da Shi
- Translational
Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering/Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518057, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/International
Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization
and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of
China/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents
of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/International
Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization
and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of
China/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents
of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Qin
- Translational
Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering/Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518057, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/International
Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization
and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of
China/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents
of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Luan Wang
- Translational
Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering/Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518057, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/International
Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization
and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of
China/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents
of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Wu Y, Cui Y, Song W, Wei W, He Z, Tao J, Yin D, Chen X, Gao C, Liu J, Liu L, Wu J. Reprogramming the Transition States to Enhance C-N Cleavage Efficiency of Rhodococcus opacusl-Amino Acid Oxidase. JACS AU 2024; 4:557-569. [PMID: 38425913 PMCID: PMC10900486 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
l-Amino acid oxidase (LAAO) is an important biocatalyst used for synthesizing α-keto acids. LAAO from Rhodococcus opacus (RoLAAO) has a broad substrate spectrum; however, its low total turnover number limits its industrial use. To overcome this, we aimed to employ crystal structure-guided density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamic simulations to investigate the catalytic mechanism. Two key steps were identified: S → [TS1] in step 1 and Int1 → [TS2] in step 2. We reprogrammed the transition states [TS1] and [TS2] to reduce the identified energy barrier and obtain a RoLAAO variant capable of catalyzing 19 kinds of l-amino acids to the corresponding high-value α-keto acids with a high total turnover number, yield (≥95.1 g/L), conversion rate (≥95%), and space-time yields ≥142.7 g/L/d in 12-24 h, in a 5 L reactor. Our results indicated the promising potential of the developed RoLAAO variant for use in the industrial production of α-keto acids while providing a potential catalytic-mechanism-guided protein design strategy to achieve the desired physical and catalytic properties of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyun Wu
- School
of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School
of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yaozhong Cui
- Jiangsu
Xishan Senior High School, Wuxi 214174, China
| | - Wei Song
- School
of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wanqing Wei
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhizhen He
- School
of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinyang Tao
- School
of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Dejing Yin
- School
of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cong Gao
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School
of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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4
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Kries H, Trottmann F, Hertweck C. Novel Biocatalysts from Specialized Metabolism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202309284. [PMID: 37737720 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are increasingly recognized as valuable (bio)catalysts that complement existing synthetic methods. However, the range of biotransformations used in the laboratory is limited. Here we give an overview on the biosynthesis-inspired discovery of novel biocatalysts that address various synthetic challenges. Prominent examples from this dynamic field highlight remarkable enzymes for protecting-group-free amide formation and modification, control of pericyclic reactions, stereoselective hetero- and polycyclizations, atroposelective aryl couplings, site-selective C-H activations, introduction of ring strain, and N-N bond formation. We also explore unusual functions of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, radical SAM-dependent enzymes, flavoproteins, and enzymes recruited from primary metabolism, which offer opportunities for synthetic biology, enzyme engineering, directed evolution, and catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajo Kries
- Junior Research Group Biosynthetic Design of Natural Products, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Felix Trottmann
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
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5
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Liu S, Nie Q, Liu Z, Patil S, Gao X. Fungal P450 Deconstructs the 2,5-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Ring En Route to the Complete Biosynthesis of 21 R-Citrinadin A. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:14251-14259. [PMID: 37352463 PMCID: PMC11025717 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Prenylated indole alkaloids (PIAs) possess great structural diversity and show biological activities. Despite significant efforts in investigating the biosynthetic mechanism, the key step in the transformation of 2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-containing PIAs into a distinct class of pentacyclic compounds remains unknown. Here, using a combination of gene deletion, heterologous expression, and biochemical characterization, we show that a unique fungal P450 enzyme CtdY catalyzes the cleavage of the amide bond in the 2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane system, followed by a decarboxylation step to form the 6/5/5/6/6 pentacyclic ring in 21R-citrinadin A. We also demonstrate the function of a subsequent cascade of stereospecific oxygenases to further modify the 6/5/5/6/6 pentacyclic intermediate en route to the complete 21R-citrinadin A biosynthesis. Our findings reveal a key enzyme CtdY for the pathway divergence in the biosynthesis of PIAs and uncover the complex late-stage post-translational modifications in 21R-citrinadin A biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Qiuyue Nie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Siddhant Patil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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Jäger C, Gregori BJ, Aho JAS, Hallamaa M, Deska J. Peroxidase-induced C-N bond formation via nitroso ene and Diels-Alder reactions. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2023; 25:3166-3174. [PMID: 37113763 PMCID: PMC10124104 DOI: 10.1039/d2gc04827b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The formation of new carbon-nitrogen bonds is indisputably one of the most important tasks in synthetic organic chemistry. Here, nitroso compounds offer a highly interesting reactivity that complements traditional amination strategies, allowing for the introduction of nitrogen functionalities via ene-type reactions or Diels-Alder cycloadditions. In this study, we highlight the potential of horseradish peroxidase as biological mediator for the generation of reactive nitroso species under environmentally benign conditions. Exploiting a non-natural peroxidase reactivity, in combination with glucose oxidase as oxygen-activating biocatalyst, aerobic activation of a broad range of N-hydroxycarbamates and hydroxamic acids is achieved. Thus both intra- and intermolecular nitroso-ene as well as nitroso-Diels-Alder reactions are performed with high efficiency. Relying on a commercial and robust enzyme system, the aqueous catalyst solution can be recycled over numerous reaction cycles without significant loss of activity. Overall, this green and scalable C-N bond-forming strategy enables the production of allylic amides and various N-heterocyclic building blocks utilizing only air and glucose as sacrificial reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Jäger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 00560 Helsinki Finland https://www.deskalab.com
| | - Bernhard J Gregori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 00560 Helsinki Finland https://www.deskalab.com
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte Chemie Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Juhana A S Aho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 00560 Helsinki Finland https://www.deskalab.com
| | - Marleen Hallamaa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 00560 Helsinki Finland https://www.deskalab.com
| | - Jan Deska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 00560 Helsinki Finland https://www.deskalab.com
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