1
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Lim S, Cho Y, Kang JH, Hwang M, Park Y, Kwak SK, Jung SH, Jung JH. Metallosupramolecular Multiblock Copolymers of Lanthanide Complexes by Seeded Living Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18484-18497. [PMID: 38888168 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular block copolymers, derived via seeded living polymerization, are increasingly recognized for their rich structural and functional diversity, marking them as cutting-edge materials. The use of metal complexes in supramolecular block copolymerization not only offers a broad range of block copolymers through the structural similarity in the coordination geometry of the central metal ion but also controls spectroscopic properties, such as emission wavelength, emission strength, and fluorescence lifetime. However, the exploration of metallosupramolecular multiblock copolymerization based on metal complexes remains quite limited. In this work, we present a pioneering synthesis of metallosupramolecular multiblock copolymers utilizing Eu3+ and Tb3+ complexes as building blocks. This is achieved through the strategic manipulation of nonequilibrium self-assemblies via a living supramolecular polymerization approach. Our comprehensive exploration of both thermodynamically and kinetically regulated metallosupramolecular polymerizations, centered around Eu3+ and Tb3+ complexes with bisterpyridine-modified ligands containing R-alanine units and a long alkyl group, has highlighted intriguing behaviors. The monomeric [R-L1Eu(NO3)3] complex generates a spherical structure as the kinetic product. In contrast, the monomeric [R-L1Eu2(NO3)6] complex generates fiber aggregates as a thermodynamic product through intermolecular interactions such as π-π stacking, hydrophobic interaction, and H-bonds. Utilizing the Eu3+ complex, we successfully conducted seed-induced living polymerization of the monomeric building unit under kinetically regulated conditions. This yielded a metallosupramolecular polymer of precisely controlled length with minimal polydispersity. Moreover, by copolymerizing the kinetically confined Tb3+ complex state ("A" species) with a seed derived from the Eu3+ complex ("B" species), we were able to fabricate metallosupramolecular tri- and pentablock copolymers with A-B-A, and B-A-B-A-B types, respectively, through a seed-end chain-growth mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seola Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumi Cho
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hwan Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyeong Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumi Park
- Department of Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Kwak
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hwa Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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2
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Liao C, Gong Y, Che Y, Ji H, Liu B, Zang L, Che Y, Zhao J. Concentric hollow multi-hexagonal platelets from a small molecule. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5668. [PMID: 38971832 PMCID: PMC11227555 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The creation of well-defined hollow two-dimensional structures from small organic molecules, particularly those with controlled widths and numbers of segments, remains a formidable challenge. Here we report the fabrication of the well-defined concentric hollow two-dimensional platelets with programmable widths and numbers of segments through constructing a concentric multiblock two-dimensional precursor followed by post-processing. The fabrication of concentric multi-hexagons two-dimensional platelets is realized by the alternative heteroepitaxial growth of two donor-acceptor molecules. Upon ultraviolet irradiation, one of the two donor-acceptor molecules can be selectively oxidized by singlet oxygen generated during the process, and the oxidized product becomes more soluble due to increased polarity. This allows for selective removal of the oxidized segments simply by solvent dissolution, yielding hollow multiblock two-dimensional structures. The hollow two-dimensional platelets can be utilized as templates to lithograph complex electrodes with precisely controlled gap sizes, thereby offering a platform for examining the optoelectronic performance of functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxue Che
- HT-NOVA Co. Ltd., Zhuyuan Road, Shunyi District, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ling Zang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Yanke Che
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jincai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Atienza CM, Sánchez L. Increasing Dimensionality in Self-Assembly: Toward Two-Dimensional Supramolecular Polymers. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400379. [PMID: 38525912 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Different approaches to achieve 2D supramolecular polymers, as an alternative to the covalent bottom-up approaches reported for the preparation of 2D materials, are reviewed. The significance of the operation of weak non-covalent forces to induce a lateral growth of a number of self-assembling units is collected. The examples of both thermodynamically and kinetically controlled formation of 2D supramolecular polymers showed in this review demonstrate the utility of this strategy to achieve new 2D materials with biased morphologies (nanosheets, scrolls, porous surfaces) and showing elegant applications like chiral recognition, enantioselective uptake or asymmetric organic transformations. Furthermore, elaborated techniques like seeded or living supramolecular polymerizations have been demonstrated to give rise to complex 2D nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M Atienza
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, -Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, -Madrid, Spain
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4
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Patra S, Chandrabhas S, Dhiman S, George SJ. Controlled Supramolecular Polymerization via Bioinspired, Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Monomers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12577-12586. [PMID: 38683934 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic supramolecular assemblies, driven by noncovalent interactions, pervade the biological realm. In the synthetic domain, their counterparts, supramolecular polymers, endowed with remarkable self-repair and adaptive traits, are often realized through bioinspired designs. Recently, controlled supramolecular polymerization strategies have emerged, drawing inspiration from protein self-assembly. A burgeoning area of research involves mimicking the liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) observed in proteins to create coacervate droplets and recognizing their significance in cellular organization and diverse functions. Herein, we introduce a novel perspective on synthetic coacervates, extending beyond their established role in synthetic biology as dynamic, membraneless phases to enable structural control in synthetic supramolecular polymers. Drawing parallels with the cooperative growth of amyloid fibrils through LLPS, we present metastable coacervate droplets as dormant monomer phases for controlled supramolecular polymerization. This is achieved via a π-conjugated monomer design that combines structural characteristics for both coacervation through its terminal ionic groups and one-dimensional growth via a π-conjugated core. This design leads to a unique temporal LLPS, resulting in a metastable coacervate phase, which subsequently undergoes one-dimensional growth via nucleation within the droplets. In-depth spectroscopic and microscopic characterization provides insights into the temporal evolution of disordered and ordered phases. Furthermore, to modulate the kinetics of liquid-to-solid transformation and to achieve precise control over the structural characteristics of the resulting supramolecular polymers, we invoke seeding in the droplets, showcasing living growth characteristics. Our work thus opens up new avenues in the exciting field of supramolecular polymerization, offering general design principles and controlled synthesis of precision self-assembled structures in confined environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Patra
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Sushmitha Chandrabhas
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Shikha Dhiman
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Subi J George
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
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5
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Chen Y, Liu C. Strategies for Synthesizing Supramolecular Block Copolymers. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300623. [PMID: 38095487 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, controlled supramolecular polymerization has been extensively studied and gradually shifted to supramolecular block copolymerization. Supramolecular block copolymers (BCPs) are considered the holy grail for developing supramolecular materials with new functionalities due to their fascinating structures and ability to introduce diverse functions. From a thermodynamic view to kinetic aspects, great progress has been made in the synthetic strategies of BCPs in the past few years. This Concept summarizes various strategies to realize supramolecular block copolymerization. The focus is on providing researchers with a methodological basis for achieving heterogeneous nucleation-elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Chun Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, China
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6
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Kotha S, Sahu R, Yadav AC, Sharma P, Kumar BVVSP, Reddy SK, Rao KV. Noncovalent synthesis of homo and hetero-architectures of supramolecular polymers via secondary nucleation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3672. [PMID: 38693145 PMCID: PMC11063220 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47874-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of supramolecular polymers with controlled architecture is a grand challenge in supramolecular chemistry. Although living supramolecular polymerization via primary nucleation has been extensively studied for controlling the supramolecular polymerization of small molecules, the resulting supramolecular polymers have typically exhibited one-dimensional morphology. In this report, we present the synthesis of intriguing supramolecular polymer architectures through a secondary nucleation event, a mechanism well-established in protein aggregation and the crystallization of small molecules. To achieve this, we choose perylene diimide with 2-ethylhexyl chains at the imide position as they are capable of forming dormant monomers in solution. Activating these dormant monomers via mechanical stimuli and hetero-seeding using propoxyethyl perylene diimide seeds, secondary nucleation event takes over, leading to the formation of three-dimensional spherical spherulites and scarf-like supramolecular polymer heterostructures, respectively. Therefore, the results presented in this study propose a simple molecular design for synthesizing well-defined supramolecular polymer architectures via secondary nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinu Kotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India
| | - Rahul Sahu
- Centre for Computational and Data Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Aditya Chandrakant Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India
| | - Preeti Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - B V V S Pavan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sandeep K Reddy
- Centre for Computational and Data Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Kotagiri Venkata Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India.
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7
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Pal T, Samanta S, Chaudhuri D. Noncovalent Catalyst-cum-Inhibitor Directed Supramolecular Pathway Selection and Asymmetry Amplification by Aggregate Cross-Nucleation. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11349-11359. [PMID: 38623861 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The key to any controlled supramolecular polymerization (CSP) process lies in controlling the nucleation step, which is typically achieved by sequestering monomers in a kinetically trapped state. However, kinetic traps that are shallow cannot prevent spontaneous nucleation, thus limiting the applicability of the CSP in such systems. We use a molecular additive to overcome this limitation by modifying the energy landscape of a competitive self-assembly process and increasing the kinetic stability of an otherwise short-lived trap state. The additive achieves this by simultaneously catalyzing OFF-pathway nucleation and inhibiting ON-pathway aggregation. In the process, it guides the molecular assembly exclusively toward the OFF-pathway aggregate analogue. The mechanisms of OFF-pathway catalysis and ON-pathway inhibition are elucidated. By specifically targeting the nucleation step, it was possible to achieve pathway selection at an extremely low additive-to-monomer ratio of 1:100. The generality of our approach is also demonstrated for other related molecular systems. Finally, removing the additive triggers the cross-nucleation of the ON-pathway aggregate on the surface of a less stable, OFF-pathway aggregate analogue. The resultant supramolecular polymer not only exhibits a more uniform morphology but more importantly, a marked improvement in the structural order that leads to an amplification of chiral asymmetry and a high absorption dissymmetry factor (gAbs) of ∼0.05.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triza Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Samaresh Samanta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Debangshu Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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8
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Kubota R, Hamachi I. Cell-Like Synthetic Supramolecular Soft Materials Realized in Multicomponent, Non-/Out-of-Equilibrium Dynamic Systems. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306830. [PMID: 38018341 PMCID: PMC10885657 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Living cells are complex, nonequilibrium supramolecular systems capable of independently and/or cooperatively integrating multiple bio-supramolecules to execute intricate physiological functions that cannot be accomplished by individual biomolecules. These biological design strategies offer valuable insights for the development of synthetic supramolecular systems with spatially controlled hierarchical structures, which, importantly, exhibit cell-like responses and functions. The next grand challenge in supramolecular chemistry is to control the organization of multiple types of supramolecules in a single system, thus integrating the functions of these supramolecules in an orthogonal and/or cooperative manner. In this perspective, the recent progress in constructing multicomponent supramolecular soft materials through the hybridization of supramolecules, such as self-assembled nanofibers/gels and coacervates, with other functional molecules, including polymer gels and enzymes is highlighted. Moreover, results show that these materials exhibit bioinspired responses to stimuli, such as bidirectional rheological responses of supramolecular double-network hydrogels, temporal stimulus pattern-dependent responses of synthetic coacervates, and 3D hydrogel patterning in response to reaction-diffusion processes are presented. Autonomous active soft materials with cell-like responses and spatially controlled structures hold promise for diverse applications, including soft robotics with directional motion, point-of-care disease diagnosis, and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryou Kubota
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Hamachi Innovative Molecular Technology for Neuroscience, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Katsura, 615-8530, Japan
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9
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Takahashi S, Matsumoto T, Hollamby MJ, Miyasaka H, Vacha M, Sotome H, Yagai S. Impact of Ring-Closing on the Photophysical Properties of One-Dimensional π-Conjugated Molecular Aggregate. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2089-2101. [PMID: 38163763 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The self-assembled state of molecules plays a pivotal role in determining how inherent molecular properties transform and give rise to supramolecular functionalities and has long attracted attention. However, understanding the influence of morphologies spanning the nano- to mesoscopic scales of supramolecular assemblies derived from identical intermolecular interactions has been notoriously challenging due to dynamic structural change and monomer exchange of assemblies in solution. In this study, we demonstrate that curved one-dimensional molecular assemblies (supramolecular polymers) of lengths of around 70-200 nm, originating from the same luminescent molecule, exhibit distinct photoluminescent properties when they form closed circular structures (toroids) versus when they possess chain termini in solution (random coils). By exploiting the difference in kinetic stability between the toroids and random coils, we developed a dialysis protocol to selectively purify the former. It was revealed that these terminus-free closed structures manifest higher energy and more efficient luminescence compared with their mixed state with random coils. Time-resolved fluorescence measurements unveiled that random coils, due to their dynamic structural fluctuation in solution, generate local defects throughout the main chain, leading to luminescence from lower energy levels. In mixtures of the two assemblies, luminescence was exclusively observed from such a lower energy level of random coils, a result attributed to energy transfer between the assemblies. This work emphasizes that for identical supramolecular assemblies, only averaged properties have traditionally been considered, but their structures at the nano- to mesoscopic scale are important especially if they have a certain degree of shape persistency even in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Takahashi
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takuma Matsumoto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12 Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Martin J Hollamby
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST55BG, U.K
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Martin Vacha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12 Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Hikaru Sotome
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shiki Yagai
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research (IAAR), Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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10
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Kleine-Kleffmann L, Schulz A, Stepanenko V, Würthner F. Growth of Merocyanine Dye J-Aggregate Nanosheets by Living Supramolecular Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314667. [PMID: 37962230 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
J-aggregates are highly desired dye aggregates but so far there has been no general concept how to accomplish the required slip-stacked packing arrangement for dipolar merocyanine (MC) dyes whose aggregation commonly affords one-dimensional aggregates composed of antiparallel, co-facially stacked MCs with H-type coupling. Herein we describe a strategy for MC J-aggregates based on our results for an amphiphilic MC dye bearing alkyl and oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains. In an aqueous solvent mixture, we observe the formation of two supramolecular polymorphs for this MC dye, a metastable off-pathway nanoparticle showing H-type coupling and a thermodynamically favored nanosheet showing J-type coupling. Detailed studies concerning the self-assembly mechanism by UV-Vis spectroscopy and the packing structure by atomic force microscopy and wide-angle X-ray scattering show how the packing arrangement of such amphiphilic MC dyes can afford slip-stacked two-dimensional nanosheets whose macrodipole is compensated by the formation of a bilayer structure. As an additional feature we demonstrate how the size of the nanosheets can be controlled by seeded living supramolecular polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Kleine-Kleffmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schulz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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11
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Shao L, Hua B, Zhao X, Lu S, Li G. Pillar[5]arene-Based Fluorescent Supramolecular Polymers Without Conventional Chromophores. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202303071. [PMID: 37843981 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent supramolecular polymers have garnered significant attention due to their successful integration of supramolecular polymers and fluorescence, offering vast potential for applications in sensing, imaging, optoelectronics, and photonics. In this study, we present a novel supramolecular polymer based on P5-OH, derived from mono-substituted pillararene macrocycles. Notably, these formed supramolecular polymeric aggregates exhibit a prominent blue emission, representing a rare instance of fluorescent polymers devoid of conventional chromophores. Furthermore, through the modification of alkyl chain ending groups attached to pillar[5]arenes, slight shifts in the emission peak could be observed. This research expands the scope of functional supramolecular polymeric systems utilizing pillararenes, providing valuable insights for the design of innovative luminescent materials and optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing, 312000, P. R. China
| | - Bin Hua
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, P. R. China
| | - Xueru Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing, 312000, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing, 312000, P. R. China
| | - Guangfeng Li
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, P. R. China
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12
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Jin Z, Sasaki N, Kishida N, Takeuchi M, Wakayama Y, Sugiyasu K. Two-Dimensional Living Supramolecular Polymerization: Improvement in Edge Roughness of Supramolecular Nanosheets by Using a Dummy Monomer. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302181. [PMID: 37658627 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers are formed through nucleation (i. e., initiation) and polymerization processes, and kinetic control over the nucleation process has recently led to the realization of living supramolecular polymerization. Changing the viewpoint, herein we focus on controlling the polymerization process, which we expect to pave the way to further developments in controlled supramolecular polymerization. In our previous study, two-dimensional living supramolecular polymerization was used to produce supramolecular nanosheets with a controlled area; however, these had rough edges. In this study, the growth of the nanosheets was controlled by using a 'dummy' monomer to produce supramolecular nanosheets with smoothed edges.
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Grants
- JP19K05592 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP22H02134 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 20H04682 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP20H05868 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JPMXP1122714694 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Izumi Science and Technology Foundation
- Iketani Science and Technology Foundation
- Murata Science Foundation
- Sekisui Chemical
- Mitsubishi Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehui Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sasaki
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Natsuki Kishida
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Yutaka Wakayama
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sugiyasu
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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13
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Mukhopadhyay RD, Ajayaghosh A. Metallosupramolecular polymers: current status and future prospects. Chem Soc Rev 2023. [PMID: 37962512 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00692a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Metallo-supramolecular polymers have gained increasing attention and witnessed continuous development as a vibrant new research interest in the domain of soft materials. These nonconventional polymers have found widespread application in materials and biology owing to their well-defined and diversified topologies and the distinct dynamic nature of the metallosupramolecular interactions against various stimuli. Because of the intriguing redox, photonic, electronic, and magnetic properties, these stimuli-responsive supramolecular structures have attracted considerable interest for optoelectronic device fabrication. However, it still remains challenging to develop stimuli responsive systems with offbeat applications. Furthermore, achieving spatiotemporal control remains elusive with thermoresponsive and sono-responsive metallosupramolecular polymers, which encounter the disadvantage of poor precision control. Additionally, controlling the morphology of these soft materials on the mesoscale, both in solution and on substrates, has many challenges. In this review, we discuss the recent developments and future directions for the construction of stimuli responsive metallosupramolecular systems targeting practical applications. Furthermore, we discuss the synthetic methodologies that have been used to regulate the mesoscale morphology of these materials, such as coordination modulation and pseudomorphic replication. Finally, we briefly cover the burgeoning field of programmed synthesis of metallosupramolecular polymers, emphasizing techniques, such as living polymerization and chemical fuel-driven transiently active systems, which we believe will be the major research directions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Dev Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Ramananda College, Bishnupur, Bankura 722122, West Bengal, India
| | - Ayyappanpillai Ajayaghosh
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
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14
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Sarkar S, Laishram R, Deb D, George SJ. Controlled Noncovalent Synthesis of Secondary Supramolecular Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22009-22018. [PMID: 37754784 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic supramolecular polymers, with their functional similarities to classical covalent polymers and their adaptive and self-repairing nature reminiscent of biological assemblies, have emerged as highly promising systems for the design of smart soft materials. Recent advancements in mechanistic investigations and novel synthetic strategies, such as living supramolecular polymerization, have significantly enhanced our ability to control the primary structure of these supramolecular polymers. However, realizing their full functional potential requires expanding their topological diversity in a manner akin to classical polymers as well as achieving precise molecular organization at higher hierarchical levels of self-assembly. In this paper, we present a remarkable advancement in this field, introducing an unprecedented and controlled synthesis of secondary supramolecular polymers. Our innovative strategy combines chirality-controlled surface-catalyzed secondary nucleation and a bioinspired peptide design, effectively stabilizing higher-order assembly. Furthermore, by harnessing this stereoselective nucleation process, we demonstrate the successful synthesis of racemic supramolecular polymers featuring parallelly stacked conglomerate microstructures─a previously unreported topology in synthetic self-assembled systems. Additionally, we elucidate that the extent of secondary supramolecular polymers can be regulated by modulating the enantiomeric excess of the chiral monomers. Consequently, our study unveils new topologies that exhibit enhanced higher-order structural complexity in the realm of supramolecular polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Sarkar
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Raju Laishram
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Darshana Deb
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Subi J George
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
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15
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Vantomme G. Site selectivity steps in. Nat Chem 2023:10.1038/s41557-023-01237-7. [PMID: 37402790 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghislaine Vantomme
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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