1
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Kozyreva A, Lorenz-Spreen P, Herzog SM, Ecker UKH, Lewandowsky S, Hertwig R, Ali A, Bak-Coleman J, Barzilai S, Basol M, Berinsky AJ, Betsch C, Cook J, Fazio LK, Geers M, Guess AM, Huang H, Larreguy H, Maertens R, Panizza F, Pennycook G, Rand DG, Rathje S, Reifler J, Schmid P, Smith M, Swire-Thompson B, Szewach P, van der Linden S, Wineburg S. Toolbox of individual-level interventions against online misinformation. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:1044-1052. [PMID: 38740990 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The spread of misinformation through media and social networks threatens many aspects of society, including public health and the state of democracies. One approach to mitigating the effect of misinformation focuses on individual-level interventions, equipping policymakers and the public with essential tools to curb the spread and influence of falsehoods. Here we introduce a toolbox of individual-level interventions for reducing harm from online misinformation. Comprising an up-to-date account of interventions featured in 81 scientific papers from across the globe, the toolbox provides both a conceptual overview of nine main types of interventions, including their target, scope and examples, and a summary of the empirical evidence supporting the interventions, including the methods and experimental paradigms used to test them. The nine types of interventions covered are accuracy prompts, debunking and rebuttals, friction, inoculation, lateral reading and verification strategies, media-literacy tips, social norms, source-credibility labels, and warning and fact-checking labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Kozyreva
- Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Philipp Lorenz-Spreen
- Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan M Herzog
- Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ullrich K H Ecker
- School of Psychological Science & Public Policy Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephan Lewandowsky
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ralph Hertwig
- Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ayesha Ali
- Department of Economics, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Joe Bak-Coleman
- Craig Newmark Center, School of Journalism, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarit Barzilai
- Department of Learning and Instructional Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Melisa Basol
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam J Berinsky
- Department of Political Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cornelia Betsch
- Institute for Planetary Health Behaviour, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - John Cook
- Melbourne Centre for Behaviour Change, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa K Fazio
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Geers
- Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew M Guess
- Department of Politics and School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Haifeng Huang
- Department of Political Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Horacio Larreguy
- Departments of Economics and Political Science, Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rakoen Maertens
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Gordon Pennycook
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - David G Rand
- Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steve Rathje
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason Reifler
- Department of Politics, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Philipp Schmid
- Institute for Planetary Health Behaviour, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Smith
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Paula Szewach
- Department of Politics, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sam Wineburg
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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2
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Mendy L, Karlsson M, Lindvall D. Counteracting climate denial: A systematic review. PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2024; 33:504-520. [PMID: 38243813 PMCID: PMC11056086 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231223425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Despite scientific consensus on climate change, climate denial is still widespread. While much research has characterised climate denial, comparatively fewer studies have systematically examined how to counteract it. This review fills this gap by exploring the research about counteracting climate denial, the effectiveness and the intentions behind intervention. Through a systematic selection and analysis of 65 scientific articles, this review finds multiple intervention forms, including education, message framing and inoculation. The intentions of intervening range from changing understanding of climate science, science advocacy, influencing mitigation attitudes and counteracting vested industry. A number of divergent findings emerge: whether to separate science from policy; the disputed effects of emotions and the longitudinal impacts of interventions. The review offers guiding questions for those interested in counteracting denialism, the answers to which indicate particular strategies: identify the form of climate denial; consider the purpose of intervention and recognise one's relationship to their audiences.
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3
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Magistro B, Abramson C, Ebanks D, Debnath R, Alvarez RM. Identifying American climate change free riders and motivating sustainable behavior. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6575. [PMID: 38503779 PMCID: PMC10951196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57042-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Free riders, who benefit from collective efforts to mitigate climate change but do not actively contribute, play a key role in shaping behavioral climate action. Using a sample of 2096 registered American voters, we explore the discrepancy between two groups of free riders: cynics, who recognize the significance of environmental issues but do not adopt sustainable behaviors, and doubters, who neither recognize the significance nor engage in such actions. Through statistical analyses, we show these two groups are different. Doubters are predominantly male, younger, with lower income and education, exhibit stronger conspiracy beliefs, lower altruism, and limited environmental knowledge, are more likely to have voted for Trump and lean towards conservative ideology. Cynics are younger, religious, higher in socioeconomic status, environmentally informed, liberal-leaning, and less likely to support Trump. Our research provides insights on who could be most effectively persuaded to make climate-sensitive lifestyle changes and provides recommendations to prompt involvement in individual sustainability behaviors. Our findings suggest that for doubters, incentivizing sustainability through positive incentives, such as financial rewards, may be particularly effective. Conversely, for cynics, we argue that engaging them in more community-driven and social influence initiatives could effectively translate their passive beliefs into active participation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Ebanks
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Ramit Debnath
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB30HE, UK.
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4
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Mata F, Dos-Santos M, Cano-Díaz C, Jesus M, Vaz-Velho M. The Society of Information and the European Citizens' Perception of Climate Change: Natural or Anthropological Causes. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024:10.1007/s00267-024-01961-x. [PMID: 38498155 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-024-01961-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The scientific community has reached a consensus on humans' important role as causative agents of climate change; however, branches of society are still sceptical about this. Climate change is a key issue for humanity and only the commitment to change human attitudes and lifestyles, at the global level, can be effective in its mitigation. With this purpose, it is important to convey the right message and prevent misinformation to manipulate people's minds. The present study aims to understand the factors shaping European citizens' thoughts on the causes of climate change. Using data from the European Social Survey 10 collected in 2022, we fitted statistical models using the people's thoughts on causes of climate change (natural, anthropogenic or both) as dependent variables. As independent variables, we used the impact of the media through time spent on news and time spent on the internet, level of education, level of trust in scientists, awareness of online or mobile misinformation and gender. We concluded that the typical European citizen who believes in anthropogenic causes of climate change is a female, is more literate, trusts more in scientists, is younger, spends more time reading the news and has more awareness of misinformation presence in online and mobile communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Mata
- CISAS-Center for Research in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal.
| | - Maria Dos-Santos
- Escola Superior de Comunicação Social, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Dinâmia-CET-Centre for Socioeconomic and Territorial Studies, ISCTE-Centro Universitário de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Concha Cano-Díaz
- CISAS-Center for Research in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Meirielly Jesus
- CISAS-Center for Research in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Manuela Vaz-Velho
- CISAS-Center for Research in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
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5
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Spampatti T, Hahnel UJJ, Trutnevyte E, Brosch T. Psychological inoculation strategies to fight climate disinformation across 12 countries. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:380-398. [PMID: 38036655 PMCID: PMC10896732 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01736-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Decades after the scientific debate about the anthropogenic causes of climate change was settled, climate disinformation still challenges the scientific evidence in public discourse. Here we present a comprehensive theoretical framework of (anti)science belief formation and updating to account for the psychological factors that influence the acceptance or rejection of scientific messages. We experimentally investigated, across 12 countries (N = 6,816), the effectiveness of six inoculation strategies targeting these factors-scientific consensus, trust in scientists, transparent communication, moralization of climate action, accuracy and positive emotions-to fight real-world disinformation about climate science and mitigation actions. While exposure to disinformation had strong detrimental effects on participants' climate change beliefs (δ = -0.16), affect towards climate mitigation action (δ = -0.33), ability to detect disinformation (δ = -0.14) and pro-environmental behaviour (δ = -0.24), we found almost no evidence for protective effects of the inoculations (all δ < 0.20). We discuss the implications of these findings and propose ways forward to fight climate disinformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobia Spampatti
- Swiss Centre for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Ulf J J Hahnel
- Swiss Centre for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Tobias Brosch
- Swiss Centre for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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6
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Morosoli JJ, Colodro-Conde L, Barlow FK, Medland SE. Scientific clickbait: Examining media coverage and readability in genome-wide association research. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296323. [PMID: 38180998 PMCID: PMC10769046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we analyzed a large corpus of English-language online media articles covering genome-wide association studies (GWAS), exemplifying the use of computational methods to study science communication in biological sciences. We analyzed trends in media coverage, readability, themes, and mentions of ethical and social issues, in over 5,000 websites published from 2005 to 2018 from 3,555 GWAS publications on 1,943 different traits, identified via GWAS Catalog using a text-mining approach to inform the discussion about genetic literacy and media coverage. We found that 22.9% of GWAS papers received media attention but most were described in language too complex to be understood by the public. Ethical issues are rarely mentioned and mentions of translation are increasing over time. We predicted media attention based on year of publication, number of genetic associations identified, study sample size, and journal impact factor, using a regression model (r2 = 38.7%). We found that chronotype, educational attainment, alcohol and coffee consumption, sexual orientation, tanning, and hair color received substantially more attention than predicted by the regression model. We also evaluated the prevalence of the clickbait "one gene, one disease" headlines (e.g., "Scientists Say They've Found Gene That Causes Breast Cancer") and found that it is declining. In sum, online media coverage of GWAS should be more accessible, introduce more modern genetics terms, and when appropriate, ELSI should be mentioned. Science communication research can benefit from big data and text-mining techniques which allow us to study trends and changes in coverage trends across thousands of media outlets. Results can be explored interactively in a website we have built for this manuscript: https://jjmorosoli.shinyapps.io/newas/.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J. Morosoli
- Mental Health & Neuroscience Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lucía Colodro-Conde
- Mental Health & Neuroscience Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Fiona Kate Barlow
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- Mental Health & Neuroscience Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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7
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Spektor M, Fasolin GN, Camargo J. Climate change beliefs and their correlates in Latin America. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7241. [PMID: 37945560 PMCID: PMC10636181 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of climate skeptics to block climate action depends on prevailing beliefs among the public. Research in advanced democracies has shown skepticism about the existence, the causes, and the consequences of climate change to be associated with socio-demographic features and political ideology. Yet, little is known about climate-related beliefs elsewhere. We address this gap by mapping beliefs in climate change and their correlates in Latin America. We show skepticism over the existence and anthropogenic origins of climate change to be limited, but identify a high number of skeptics around the severity of its consequences. Furthermore, we show skepticism to be correlated with psychological rather than socio-political factors: individualistic worldviews in particular drive disbelief in the severe consequences of climate change, a worrying finding in contexts where social trust is low. These findings offer a starting point for better addressing the constraining effects of climate skepticism in the Global South.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Spektor
- School of International Relations, Fundação Getulio Vargas, Avenida Paulista 542, São Paulo, 01310-000, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme N Fasolin
- Department of Political Science, Vanderbilt University, 230 Appleton PI, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Juliana Camargo
- School of International Relations, Fundação Getulio Vargas, Avenida Paulista 542, São Paulo, 01310-000, Brazil
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Mlinarić M, Moebus S, Betsch C, Hertig E, Schröder J, Loss J, Moosburger R, van Rüth P, Gepp S, Voss M, Straff W, Kessel TM, Goecke M, Matzarakis A, Niemann H. Climate change and public health in Germany - A synthesis of options for action from the German status report on climate change and health 2023. JOURNAL OF HEALTH MONITORING 2023; 8:57-85. [PMID: 38105793 PMCID: PMC10722518 DOI: 10.25646/11774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background This article represents the conclusion of the updated German status report on climate change and health, which was jointly written by authors from over 30 national institutions and organisations. The objectives are (a) to synthesise the options for action formulated in the report, (b) to combine them into clusters and guiding principles, (c) to address the success factors for implementation, and (d) to combine the options for action into target parameters. Methods The options for action from the individual contributions of the status report were systematically recorded and categorised (n=236). Topical clusters were then formed with reference to Essential Public Health Functions, and options for action were assigned to them. Results Eight topical clusters of options for action and ten guiding principles were identified. These can be summarised in four overarching meta-levels of action: (a) cross-sectorally coordinated structural and behavioural prevention, (b) monitoring, surveillance, and digitalisation (including early warning systems), (c) development of an ecologically sustainable and resilient public health system, and (d) information, communication, and participation. The main success factors for implementation are the design of governance, positive storytelling and risk communication, proactive management of conflicting goals, and a cross-sectoral co-benefit approach. Conclusions Based on the status report, systematically compiled target parameters and concrete options for action are available for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mlinarić
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany, University Medicine Essen, Institute for Urban Public Health
| | - Cornelia Betsch
- University of Erfurt, Germany, Institute for Planetary Health Behaviour
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Health Communication, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elke Hertig
- University of Augsburg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Judith Schröder
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany, University Medicine Essen, Institute for Urban Public Health
| | - Julika Loss
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ramona Moosburger
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra van Rüth
- German Environment Agency, Subject area I 1.6 KomPass – Climate Impacts and Adaptation, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Sophie Gepp
- Centre for Planetary Health Policy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maike Voss
- Centre for Planetary Health Policy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Straff
- German Environment Agency, Subject area II 1.5 Environmental medicine and health assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Andreas Matzarakis
- German Meteorological Service, Research Centre Human Biometeorology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hildegard Niemann
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Shinkai RSA, Biazevic MGH, Michel-Crosato E, de Campos TT. Environmental sustainability related to dental materials and procedures in prosthodontics: A critical review. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00370-0. [PMID: 37709614 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
This article aims to review the status, challenges, and directions of environmentally sustainable oral healthcare by focusing on the dental materials and procedures used in prosthodontics. Sustainable development is a global priority and requires a systemic, integrative approach from all sectors of society. The oral healthcare sector is responsible for substantial greenhouse emissions throughout its value chain, including raw material extraction, industrial production, supply distribution, clinical practice, and management of waste. Of all dental specialties, prosthodontics has been one of the main generators of carbon emissions by fabricating a single product such as dentures or crowns in multiple steps. Dental prosthetic procedures involve chemicals and materials such as polymers, ceramics, metals, gypsum, and wax, which are often used in large quantities and for a single use. Thus, environmental risks and socioeconomic burdens can result from residuals and improper disposal, as well as waste and the embedded costs of unused materials retained by manufacturers, retail suppliers, dental laboratories, and dental clinics. To mitigate the environmental impact generated by conventional prosthodontics, we urge awareness and the adoption of sustainable good practices in the daily routine of dental clinics and laboratories. Capacity building and investment in a circular economy and digital technology can reduce the carbon footprint of prosthetic dentistry and improve the quality of life for present and future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Sadami Arai Shinkai
- Senior Researcher, Department of Community Dentistry and Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry (FOUSP), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maria Gabriela Haye Biazevic
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry (FOUSP), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgard Michel-Crosato
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry (FOUSP), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tomie Toyota de Campos
- Full Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry (FOUSP), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Debnath R, Creutzig F, Sovacool BK, Shuckburgh E. Harnessing human and machine intelligence for planetary-level climate action. NPJ CLIMATE ACTION 2023; 2:20. [PMID: 38694954 PMCID: PMC11062317 DOI: 10.1038/s44168-023-00056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The ongoing global race for bigger and better artificial intelligence (AI) systems is expected to have a profound societal and environmental impact by altering job markets, disrupting business models, and enabling new governance and societal welfare structures that can affect global consensus for climate action pathways. However, the current AI systems are trained on biased datasets that could destabilize political agencies impacting climate change mitigation and adaptation decisions and compromise social stability, potentially leading to societal tipping events. Thus, the appropriate design of a less biased AI system that reflects both direct and indirect effects on societies and planetary challenges is a question of paramount importance. In this paper, we tackle the question of data-centric knowledge generation for climate action in ways that minimize biased AI. We argue for the need to co-align a less biased AI with an epistemic web on planetary health challenges for more trustworthy decision-making. A human-in-the-loop AI can be designed to align with three goals. First, it can contribute to a planetary epistemic web that supports climate action. Second, it can directly enable mitigation and adaptation interventions through knowledge of social tipping elements. Finally, it can reduce the data injustices associated with AI pretraining datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramit Debnath
- Cambridge Zero and Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FD United Kingdom
- Division of Humanities and Social Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125 USA
| | - Felix Creutzig
- Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change, Berlin, 10829 Germany
- Technical University Berlin, Berlin, 10827 Germany
| | - Benjamin K. Sovacool
- Center for Energy Technologies, Department of Business Development and Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex Business School, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Global Sustainability, Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Shuckburgh
- Cambridge Zero and Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FD United Kingdom
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11
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Kaklauskas A, Abraham A, Kaklauskiene L, Ubarte I, Amaratunga D, Lill I, Milevicius V, Kaklauskaite U. Synergy of climate change with country success and city quality of life. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7872. [PMID: 37188767 PMCID: PMC10184970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Most people around the world have felt the effects of climate change on their quality of life. This study sought to achieve the maximum efficiency for climate change actions with the minimum negative impact on the well-being of countries and cities. The Climate Change and Country Success (C3S) and Climate Change and Cities' Quality of Life (C3QL) models and maps of the world created as part of this research showed that as economic, social, political, cultural, and environmental metrics of countries and cities improve, so do their climate change indicators. For the 14 climate change indicators, the C3S and C3QL models indicated 68.8% average dispersion dimensions in the case of countries and 52.8% in the case of cities. Our research showed that increases in the success of 169 countries saw improvements in 9 climate change indicators out of the 12 considered. Improvements in country success indicators were accompanied by a 71% improvement in climate change metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ieva Ubarte
- Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Irene Lill
- Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
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