1
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Shi F, Tieu P, Hu H, Peng J, Zhang W, Li F, Tao P, Song C, Shang W, Deng T, Gao W, Pan X, Wu J. Direct in-situ imaging of electrochemical corrosion of Pd-Pt core-shell electrocatalysts. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5084. [PMID: 38877007 PMCID: PMC11178921 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Corrosion of electrocatalysts during electrochemical operations, such as low potential - high potential cyclic swapping, can cause significant performance degradation. However, the electrochemical corrosion dynamics, including structural changes, especially site and composition specific ones, and their correlation with electrochemical processes are hidden due to the insufficient spatial-temporal resolution characterization methods. Using electrochemical liquid cell transmission electron microscopy, we visualize the electrochemical corrosion of Pd@Pt core-shell octahedral nanoparticles towards a Pt nanoframe. The potential-dependent surface reconstruction during multiple continuous in-situ cyclic voltammetry with clear redox peaks is captured, revealing an etching and deposition process of Pd that results in internal Pd atoms being relocated to external surface, followed by subsequent preferential corrosion of Pt (111) terraces rather than the edges or corners, simultaneously capturing the structure evolution also allows to attribute the site-specific Pt and Pd atomic dynamics to individual oxidation and reduction events. This work provides profound insights into the surface reconstruction of nanoparticles during complex electrochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglei Shi
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter Tieu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Hao Hu
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaheng Peng
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencong Zhang
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Li
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Tao
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyi Song
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Shang
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Deng
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenpei Gao
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
- Future Material Innovation Center, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
- Future Material Innovation Center, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
- Materials Genome Initiative Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Su S, Zhao J, Ly TH. Scanning Probe Microscopies for Characterizations of 2D Materials. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400211. [PMID: 38766949 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
2D materials are intriguing due to their remarkably thin and flat structure. This unique configuration allows the majority of their constituent atoms to be accessible on the surface, facilitating easier electron tunneling while generating weak surface forces. To decipher the subtle signals inherent in these materials, the application of techniques that offer atomic resolution (horizontal) and sub-Angstrom (z-height vertical) sensitivity is crucial. Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) emerges as the quintessential tool in this regard, owing to its atomic-level spatial precision, ability to detect unitary charges, responsiveness to pico-newton-scale forces, and capability to discern pico-ampere currents. Furthermore, the versatility of SPM to operate under varying environmental conditions, such as different temperatures and in the presence of various gases or liquids, opens up the possibility of studying the stability and reactivity of 2D materials in situ. The characteristic flatness, surface accessibility, ultra-thinness, and weak signal strengths of 2D materials align perfectly with the capabilities of SPM technologies, enabling researchers to uncover the nuanced behaviors and properties of these advanced materials at the nanoscale and even the atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqiang Su
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Thuc Hue Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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3
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Kumeda T, Kondo K, Tanaka S, Sakata O, Hoshi N, Nakamura M. Surface Extraction Process During Initial Oxidation of Pt(111): Effect of Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Cations in Alkaline Media. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10312-10320. [PMID: 38506557 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The surface oxidation states of the metal electrodes affect the activity, selectivity, and stability of the electrocatalysts. Oxide formation and reduction on such electrodes must be comprehensively understood to achieve next-generation electrocatalysts with outstanding performance and stability. Herein, the initial electrochemical oxidation of Pt(111) in alkaline media containing hydrophilic and hydrophobic cations is investigated by X-ray crystal truncation rod (CTR) scattering, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and nanoparticle-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Structural determination using X-ray CTR revealed surface buckling and Pt extraction at the initial stage of surface oxidation, depending on the cationic species. Vibrational spectroscopy is performed to identify the potential- and cation-dependent formation of three oxide species (IR-active OHad, Raman-active OHad/Oad(H2O), and Raman-active Oad). Hydrophilic alkali metal cations (Li+) inhibit surface roughening via irreversible oxide formation. Hydrophilic Li+ can strongly stabilize IR-active OHad, hindering the extraction of Pt surface atoms. Interestingly, bulky hydrophobic cations such as tetramethylammonium (TMA+) cation also reduce the extent of irreversible oxidation despite the absence of IR-active OHad. Hydrophobic TMA+ inhibits the formation of Raman-active OHad/Oad(H2O) associated with Pt extraction. In contrast, the moderate hydrophilicity of K+ has no protective effect against irreversible oxidation. Moderate hydrophilicity enables the coadsorption of Raman-active OHad/Oad(H2O) and Raman-active Oad. The electrostatic repulsion between Raman-active OHad/Oad(H2O) and neighboring Raman-active Oad promotes Pt extraction. These results provide insights into controlling the surface structures of electrocatalysts using cationic species during the oxide formation and reduction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Kumeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kenshin Kondo
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Syunnosuke Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Osami Sakata
- Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Nagahiro Hoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masashi Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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4
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Li X, Yang G, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Peng F. Alkali Metal Cation-Sulfate Anion Ion Pairs Promoted the Cleavage of C-C Bond During Ethanol Electrooxidation. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:11177-11182. [PMID: 38055448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Direct ethanol fuel cells show great promise as a means of converting biomass ethanol derived from biomass into electricity. However, the efficiency of complete conversion is hindered by the low selectivity in breaking the C-C bond. This selectivity is determined by factors such as the material structure and reaction conditions, including the nature of the supporting electrolyte. Cations serve not only as facilitators of electricity conduction through ion migration but also as influencers of the reaction pathways. In this study, we utilized differential electrochemical mass spectrometry to track the in situ generation of CO2 during potential scanning. The presence of alkali cations led to an enhancement in the CO2 selectivity. In addition, in situ Raman spectroscopy provided evidence of the formation of alkali metal cation-sulfate anion ion pairs. The catalytic activity and CO2 selectivity were found to be directly correlated to the ionic strength of these ion pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guangxing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiting Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Feng Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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5
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Wang X, Yi ZY, Wang YQ, Wang D, Wan LJ. Unraveling the Dynamic Processes of Methanol Electrooxidation at Isolated Rhodium Sites by In Situ Electrochemical Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9448-9455. [PMID: 37830902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Materials with isolated single-atom Rh-N4 sites are emerging as promising and compelling catalysts for methanol electrooxidation. Herein, we carried out an in situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ECSTM) investigation of the dynamic processes of methanol absorption and catalytic conversion in the rhodium octaethylporphyrin (RhOEP)-catalyzed methanol oxidation reaction at the molecular scale. The high-contrast RhOEP-CH3OH complex formed by methanol adsorption was visualized distinctly in the STM images. The Rh-C adsorption configuration of methanol on isolated rhodium sites was identified on the basis of a series of control experiments and theoretical simulation. The adsorption energy of methanol on RhOEP was obtained from quantitative analysis. In situ ECSTM experiments present an explicit description of the transformation of the intermediate species in the catalytic process. By qualitatively evaluating the rate constants of different stages in the reaction at the microscopic level, we considered the CO transformation/desorption as the critical step for determining the reaction dynamics. Methanol adsorption was found to be correlated with RhOEP oxidation in the initial stage of the reaction, and the dynamic information was revealed unambiguously by in situ potential step experiments. This work provides microscopic results for the catalytic mechanism of Rh-N4 sites for methanol electrooxidation, which is instructive for the rational design of the high-performance catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Qi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Fuchs T, Briega-Martos V, Drnec J, Stubb N, Martens I, Calle-Vallejo F, Harrington DA, Cherevko S, Magnussen OM. Anodic and Cathodic Platinum Dissolution Processes Involve Different Oxide Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304293. [PMID: 37341165 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of Pt-containing oxygen reduction catalysts for fuel cell applications is strongly linked to the electrochemical surface oxidation and reduction of Pt. Here, we study the surface restructuring and Pt dissolution mechanisms during oxidation/reduction for the case of Pt(100) in 0.1 M HClO4 by combining operando high-energy surface X-ray diffraction, online mass spectrometry, and density functional theory. Our atomic-scale structural studies reveal that anodic dissolution, detected during oxidation, and cathodic dissolution, observed during the subsequent reduction, are linked to two different oxide phases. Anodic dissolution occurs predominantly during nucleation and growth of the first, stripe-like oxide. Cathodic dissolution is linked to a second, amorphous Pt oxide phase that resembles bulk PtO2 and starts to grow when the coverage of the stripe-like oxide saturates. In addition, we find the amount of surface restructuring after an oxidation/reduction cycle to be potential-independent after the stripe-like oxide has reached its saturation coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Fuchs
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Valentín Briega-Martos
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Cauerstr. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- Experimental division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Natalie Stubb
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Isaac Martens
- Experimental division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Federico Calle-Vallejo
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Department of Advanced Materials and Polymers: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Av. Tolosa 72, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza de Euskadi 5, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - David A Harrington
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Cauerstr. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
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7
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Fuchs T, Briega-Martos V, Fehrs JO, Qiu C, Mirolo M, Yuan C, Cherevko S, Drnec J, Magnussen OM, Harrington DA. Driving Force of the Initial Step in Electrochemical Pt(111) Oxidation. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3589-3593. [PMID: 37018542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The first step of electrochemical surface oxidation is extraction of a metal atom from its lattice site to a location in a growing oxide. Here we show by fast simultaneous electrochemical and in situ high-energy surface X-ray diffraction measurements that the initial extraction of Pt atoms from Pt(111) is a fast, potential-driven process, whereas charge transfer for the related formation of adsorbed oxygen-containing species occurs on a much slower time scale and is evidently uncoupled from the extraction process. It is concluded that potential plays a key independent role in electrochemical surface oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Fuchs
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Valentín Briega-Martos
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Jan O Fehrs
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Canrong Qiu
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Marta Mirolo
- Experimental Division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Chentian Yuan
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- Experimental Division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - David A Harrington
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
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8
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Vonk V, Volkov S, Keller TF, Hutterer A, Lakner P, Bertram F, Fleig J, Opitz AK, Stierle A. Reversible Ultrathin PtO x Formation at the Buried Pt/YSZ(111) Interface Studied In Situ under Electrochemical Polarization. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2065-2071. [PMID: 36798987 PMCID: PMC9986955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Three different platinum oxides are observed by in situ X-ray diffraction during electrochemical potential cycles of platinum thin film model electrodes on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) at a temperature of 702 K in air. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy performed before and after the in situ electrochemical X-ray experiments indicate that approximately 20% of the platinum electrode has locally delaminated from the substrate by forming pyramidlike blisters. The oxides and their locations are identified as (1) an ultrathin PtOx at the buried Pt/YSZ interface, which forms reversibly upon anodic polarization; (2) polycrystalline β-PtO2, which forms irreversibly upon anodic polarization on the inside of the blisters; and (3) an ultrathin α-PtO2 at the Pt/air interface, which forms by thermal oxidation and which does not depend on the electrochemical polarization. Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects are discussed to explain the coexistence of multiple phases at the same electrochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedran Vonk
- Centre
for X-ray and Nanoscience CXNS, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sergey Volkov
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Keller
- Centre
for X-ray and Nanoscience CXNS, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Physics
Department, University of Hamburg,, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Hutterer
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pirmin Lakner
- Centre
for X-ray and Nanoscience CXNS, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Bertram
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Fleig
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander K. Opitz
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Centre
for X-ray and Nanoscience CXNS, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Physics
Department, University of Hamburg,, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
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9
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Sheyfer D, Mariano RG, Kawaguchi T, Cha W, Harder RJ, Kanan MW, Hruszkewycz SO, You H, Highland MJ. Operando Nanoscale Imaging of Electrochemically Induced Strain in a Locally Polarized Pt Grain. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1-7. [PMID: 36541700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Developing new methods that reveal the structure of electrode materials under polarization is key to constructing robust structure-property relationships. However, many existing methods lack the spatial resolution in structural changes and fidelity to electrochemical operating conditions that are needed to probe catalytically relevant structures. Here, we combine a nanopipette electrochemical cell with three-dimensional X-ray Bragg coherent diffractive imaging to study how strain in a single Pt grain evolves in response to applied potential. During polarization, marked changes in surface strain arise from the Coulombic attraction between the surface charge on the electrode and the electrolyte ions in the electrochemical double layers, while the strain in the bulk of the crystal remains unchanged. The concurrent surface redox reactions have a strong influence on the magnitude and nature of the strain changes under polarization. Our studies provide a powerful blueprint to understand how structural evolution influences electrochemical performance at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Sheyfer
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Ruperto G Mariano
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02141, United States
| | - Tomoya Kawaguchi
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois60439, United States
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 9808577, Japan
| | - Wonsuk Cha
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Ross J Harder
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Matthew W Kanan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Stephan O Hruszkewycz
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Hoydoo You
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Matthew J Highland
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois60439, United States
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10
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In situ/operando characterization techniques for electrochemical CO2 reduction. Sci China Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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11
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Abstract
Adsorption energy (AE) of reactive intermediate is currently the most important descriptor for electrochemical reactions (e.g., water electrolysis, hydrogen fuel cell, electrochemical nitrogen fixation, electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction, etc.), which can bridge the gap between catalyst's structure and activity. Tracing the history and evolution of AE can help to understand electrocatalysis and design optimal electrocatalysts. Focusing on oxygen electrocatalysis, this review aims to provide a comprehensive introduction on how AE is selected as the activity descriptor, the intrinsic and empirical relationships related to AE, how AE links the structure and electrocatalytic performance, the approaches to obtain AE, the strategies to improve catalytic activity by modulating AE, the extrinsic influences on AE from the environment, and the methods in circumventing linear scaling relations of AE. An outlook is provided at the end with emphasis on possible future investigation related to the obstacles existing between adsorption energy and electrocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Hong Bin Yang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Daojin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
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12
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Chattot R, Roiron C, Kumar K, Martin V, Campos Roldan CA, Mirolo M, Martens I, Castanheira L, Viola A, Bacabe R, Cavaliere S, Blanchard PY, Dubau L, Maillard F, Drnec J. Break-In Bad: On the Conditioning of Fuel Cell Nanoalloy Catalysts. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Chattot
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095 Cedex 5, France
| | - Camille Roiron
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP* (*Institute of Engineering and Management Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Kavita Kumar
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP* (*Institute of Engineering and Management Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Vincent Martin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP* (*Institute of Engineering and Management Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, Grenoble 38000, France
| | | | - Marta Mirolo
- ESRF, the European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, Grenoble 38043 Cedex 9, France
| | - Isaac Martens
- ESRF, the European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, Grenoble 38043 Cedex 9, France
| | - Luis Castanheira
- Symbio, 14 Rue Jean-Pierre Timbaud, Espace des Vouillands 2, Fontaine 38600, France
| | - Arnaud Viola
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP* (*Institute of Engineering and Management Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Rémi Bacabe
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095 Cedex 5, France
| | - Sara Cavaliere
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095 Cedex 5, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris 75231 Cedex 5, France
| | | | - Laetitia Dubau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP* (*Institute of Engineering and Management Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Frédéric Maillard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP* (*Institute of Engineering and Management Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Jakub Drnec
- ESRF, the European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, Grenoble 38043 Cedex 9, France
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13
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Wei J, Chen W, Zhou D, Cai J, Chen YX. Restructuring of well-defined Pt-based electrode surfaces under mild electrochemical conditions. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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14
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Lee SW, Jeon B, Lee H, Park JY. Hot Electron Phenomena at Solid-Liquid Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9435-9448. [PMID: 36194546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the role of energy dissipation and charge transfer under exothermic chemical reactions on metal catalyst surfaces is important for elucidating the fundamental phenomena at solid-gas and solid-liquid interfaces. Recently, many surface chemistry studies have been conducted on the solid-liquid interface, so correlating electronic excitation in the liquid-phase with the reaction mechanism plays a crucial role in heterogeneous catalysis. In this review, we introduce the detection principle of electron transfer at the solid-liquid interface by developing cutting-edge technologies with metal-semiconductor Schottky nanodiodes. The kinetics of hot electron excitation are well correlated with the reaction rates, demonstrating that the operando method for understanding nonadiabatic interactions is helpful in studying the reaction mechanism of surface molecular processes. In addition to the detection of hot electrons excited by a catalytic reaction, we highlight recent results on how the transfer of the hot electrons influences surface chemical and photoelectrochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Woo Lee
- Department of Chemistry Education, Korea National University of Education (KNUE), Chungbuk28173, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomjoon Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
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15
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Tailoring the active site for the oxygen evolution reaction on a Pt electrode. Commun Chem 2022; 5:126. [PMID: 36698008 PMCID: PMC9814662 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00748-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly active electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are essential to improve the efficiency of water electrolysis. The properties of OER active sites on single-crystal Pt electrodes were examined herein. The OER is markedly enhanced by repeated oxidative and reductive potential cycles on the Pt(111) surface. The OER activity on Pt(111) is nine times higher in the third cycle than that before the potential cycles. OER activation by potential cycling depends on the (111) terrace width, with wider (111) terraces significantly enhancing the OER. The oxidation/reduction of the Pt(111) surface produces atomic-sized vacancies on the terraces that activate the OER. Structural analysis using X-ray diffraction reveals that the active sites formed by potential cycling are defects in the second subsurface Pt layer. Potential cycling induces the bowl-shaped roughening of the electrode surface, wherein high-coordination number Pt atoms at the bottom of the cavities activate the OER.
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16
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Huang YH, Lin JS, Zhang FL, Zhang YJ, Lin XM, Jin SZ, Li JF. Exploring interfacial electrocatalytic reactions by shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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17
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Jacobse L, Schuster R, Pfrommer J, Deng X, Dolling S, Weber T, Gutowski O, Dippel AC, Brummel O, Lykhach Y, Over H, Libuda J, Vonk V, Stierle A. A combined rotating disk electrode-surface x-ray diffraction setup for surface structure characterization in electrocatalysis. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:065111. [PMID: 35777992 DOI: 10.1063/5.0087864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing electrode surface structures under operando conditions is essential for fully understanding structure-activity relationships in electrocatalysis. Here, we combine in a single experiment high-energy surface x-ray diffraction as a characterizing technique with a rotating disk electrode to provide steady state kinetics under electrocatalytic conditions. Using Pt(111) and Pt(100) model electrodes, we show that full crystal truncation rod measurements are readily possible up to rotation rates of 1200 rpm. Furthermore, we discuss possibilities for both potentiostatic as well as potentiodynamic measurements, demonstrating the versatility of this technique. These different modes of operation, combined with the relatively simple experimental setup, make the combined rotating disk electrode-surface x-ray diffraction experiment a powerful technique for studying surface structures under operando electrocatalytic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Jacobse
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Schuster
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Pfrommer
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xin Deng
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Silvan Dolling
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 11, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Weber
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Olof Gutowski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Olaf Brummel
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yaroslava Lykhach
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Herbert Over
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vedran Vonk
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Zheng W, Lee LYS. Observing Electrocatalytic Processes via In Situ Electrochemical Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Latest Advances. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200384. [PMID: 35621190 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Electrocatalysis is the foundation of many techniques that are currently used to address both environmental and energy problems. Therefore, understanding electrocatalytic processes is essential to guide the rational design of electrocatalysts. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), which was developed in the 1980s, remains one of the few techniques that allow surface imaging at the atomic level, making it incredibly useful in electrocatalytic research. In this review, we introduced the basic concept and latest applications of the STM technique for in situ studies of electrocatalytic processes, particularly its capability in analyzing species adsorption/desorption, surface reconstruction, active site identification, and electrocatalyst dissolution, as well as its advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Zheng
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, HONG KONG
| | - Lawrence Yoon Suk Lee
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, ., Hung Hom, HONG KONG
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19
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Rizo R, Fernández-Vidal J, Hardwick LJ, Attard GA, Vidal-Iglesias FJ, Climent V, Herrero E, Feliu JM. Investigating the presence of adsorbed species on Pt steps at low potentials. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2550. [PMID: 35538173 PMCID: PMC9090771 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30241-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the OH adsorption process on Pt single crystals is of paramount importance since this adsorbed species is considered the main intermediate in many electrochemical reactions of interest, in particular, those oxidation reactions that require a source of oxygen. So far, it is frequently assumed that the OH adsorption on Pt only takes place at potentials higher than 0.55 V (versus the reversible hydrogen electrode), regardless of the Pt surface structure. However, by CO displacement experiments, alternating current voltammetry, and Raman spectroscopy, we demonstrate here that OH is adsorbed at more negative potentials on the low coordinated Pt atoms, the Pt steps. This finding opens a new door in the mechanistic study of many relevant electrochemical reactions, leading to a better understanding that, ultimately, can be essential to reach the final goal of obtaining improved catalysts for electrochemical applications of technological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Rizo
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Julia Fernández-Vidal
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZF, UK
| | - Laurence J Hardwick
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZF, UK
| | - Gary A Attard
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | | | - Victor Climent
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Enrique Herrero
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Juan M Feliu
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain.
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20
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Jacobse L, Vonk V, McCrum IT, Seitz C, Koper MT, Rost MJ, Stierle A. Electrochemical oxidation of Pt(111) beyond the place-exchange model. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.139881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: From Bimetallic Platinum Alloys to Complex Solid Solutions. CHEMENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering6010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The oxygen reduction reaction has been the object of intensive research in an attempt to improve the sluggish kinetics that limit the performance of renewable energy storage and utilization systems. Platinum or platinum bimetallic alloys are common choices as the electrode material, but prohibitive costs hamper their use. Complex alloy materials, such as high-entropy alloys (HEAs), or more generally, multiple principal component alloys (MPCAs), have emerged as a material capable of overcoming the limitations of platinum and platinum-based materials. Theoretically, due to the large variety of active sites, this new kind of material offers the opportunity to identify experimentally the optimal binding site on the catalyst surface. This review discusses recent advances in the application of such alloys for the oxygen reduction reaction and existing experimental challenges in the benchmarking of the electrocatalytic properties of these materials.
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22
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Jerkiewicz G. Applicability of Platinum as a Counter-Electrode Material in Electrocatalysis Research. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c06040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Jerkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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23
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SO2 electrooxidation reaction on Pt single crystal surfaces in acidic media: Electrochemical and in situ FTIR studies. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Shen ZZ, Zhang YZ, Zhou C, Wen R, Wan LJ. Revealing the Correlations between Morphological Evolution and Surface Reactivity of Catalytic Cathodes in Lithium-Oxygen Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21604-21612. [PMID: 34874155 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lithium-oxygen batteries suffer from the degradation of the catalytic cathode during long-term operation, which limits their practical use. Understanding the direct correlations between the surface morphological evolution of catalytic cathodes at nanoscale and their catalytic activity during cycling has proved challenging. Here, using in situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy, the dynamic evolution of the Pt nanoparticles electrode in a working Li-O2 battery and its effects on the Li-O2 interfacial reactions are visualized. In situ views show that repeated oxidation-reduction cycles (ORCs) trigger the increase in the size of Pt nanoparticles, eventually causing the Pt nanoparticles to fall off the electrode. In 0-80 ORCs, the grown Pt nanoparticles promote the conversion of the Li-O2 reaction route from the surface-mediated pathway to the solution-mediated pathway during discharging and significantly increase the discharge capacity. After 250 ORCs, accompanied by the part of the Pt nanoparticles detaching from the electrode, the nucleation potential of reaction product decreases, and the reaction dynamic slows down, which cause the performance to degrade. Modification of a proper amount of Au nanoparticle on the Pt nanoparticles electrode could improve its stability and maintain the high catalytic activity. These results provide a direct evidence for clarifying the correlations between morphological evolution and surface reactivity of catalytic cathodes during cycling, which is critical for developing high-performance catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yao-Zu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chi Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Rui Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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25
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Artmann E, Menezes PV, Forschner L, Elnagar MM, Kibler LA, Jacob T, Engstfeld AK. Structural Evolution of Pt, Au and Cu Anodes by Electrolysis up to Contact Glow Discharge Electrolysis in Alkaline Electrolytes*. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:2429-2441. [PMID: 34523210 PMCID: PMC9298152 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Applying a voltage to metal electrodes in contact with aqueous electrolytes results in the electrolysis of water at voltages above the decomposition voltage and plasma formation in the electrolyte at much higher voltages referred to as contact glow discharge electrolysis (CGDE). While several studies explore parameters that lead to changes in the I–U characteristics in this voltage range, little is known about the evolution of the structural properties of the electrodes. Here we study this aspect on materials essential to electrocatalysis, namely Pt, Au, and Cu. The stationary I–U characteristics are almost identical for all electrodes. Detailed structural characterization by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemical approaches reveal that Pt is stable during electrolysis and CGDE, while Au and Cu exhibit a voltage‐dependent oxide formation. More importantly, oxides are reduced when the Au and Cu electrodes are kept in the electrolysis solution after electrolysis. We suspect that H2O2 (formed during electrolysis) is responsible for the oxide reduction. The reduced oxides (which are also accessible via electrochemical reduction) form a porous film, representing a possible new class of materials in energy storage and conversion studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Artmann
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, D-, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pramod V Menezes
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, D-, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lukas Forschner
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, D-, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mohamed M Elnagar
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, D-, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ludwig A Kibler
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, D-, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, D-, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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26
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Kim K, Peleckis G, Wagner K, Mozer AJ. Multisample Correlation Reveals the Origin of the Photocurrent of an Unstable Cu 2O Photocathode during CO 2 Reduction. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8157-8163. [PMID: 34410734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The reliable characterization of the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of unstable photoelectrodes, often the simplest devices used as a baseline, is a huge challenge. By performing a correlation analysis of more than 100 parameters of Cu2O photocathodes electrodeposited under the same conditions, we discovered a strong positive correlation (R = 0.866) between the photocurrent in argon and the deposition current peak magnitude during electrodeposition, while a strong negative correlation (R = -0.787) was found in CO2. In argon, a positive correlation between the photocurrent during PEC tests and the post-PEC dark current suggests the dominance of photodegradation. In CO2, the higher photocurrent in PEC tests correlates well with the lower post-PEC dark current, revealing the dominance of photocatalytic CO2 reduction during the rapid PEC tests. Correlation analysis provides statistically robust insights into the operation of unstable electrodes based on routinely measured parameters and thus constitutes a simple yet previously unexplored methodology for characterizing photoelectrodes within the first minutes of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuman Kim
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Germanas Peleckis
- Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Klaudia Wagner
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Attila J Mozer
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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27
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Murugasenapathi NK, Jebakumari KAE, Mohamed SJ, Giribabu K, Palanisamy T. Pinhole-Free Shell-Isolated Nanoparticle Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Interference-Free Probing of Electrochemical Reactions. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7046-7052. [PMID: 34291948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the behavior of analytes at the electrode surface is crucial in understanding the electrochemical and electrocatalytic reactions. Although Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) is sensitive to minor chemical changes in the analyte, it is not widely used to study the reaction mechanisms on nonplasmonic surfaces because of the interference from plasmonic SERS substrates. In this study, we have investigated the redox reaction of Nile Blue A on a glassy carbon surface using pinhole-free silica-coated silver nanoparticles for Raman signal enhancement. The silver nanostructures were synthesized by a chemical reduction method, and the quality of the silica layer was confirmed using microscopic and electrochemical method. The in situ spectroelectrochemical data reveals the catalytic interference from silver which considerably alters the native reaction mechanism. The pinhole-free silica layer prevents the hot electron transfer and yields an interference-free enhancement to the Raman signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Murugasenapathi
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division (EEC), CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI) Campus, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K A Esther Jebakumari
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division (EEC), CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI) Campus, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Jamal Mohamed
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division (EEC), CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Giribabu
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division (EEC), CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI) Campus, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tamilarasan Palanisamy
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division (EEC), CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI) Campus, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
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28
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Kawaguchi T, Komanicky V, Latyshev V, Cha W, Maxey ER, Harder R, Ichitsubo T, You H. Electrochemically Induced Strain Evolution in Pt-Ni Alloy Nanoparticles Observed by Bragg Coherent Diffraction Imaging. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5945-5951. [PMID: 34251215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Strain is known to enhance the activity of the oxygen reduction reaction in catalytic platinum alloy nanoparticles, whose inactivity is the primary impediment to efficient fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Bragg coherent diffraction imaging (BCDI) was employed to reveal the strain evolution during the voltammetric cycling in Pt-Ni alloy nanoparticles composed of Pt2Ni3, Pt1Ni1, and Pt3Ni2. Analysis of the 3D strain images using a core-shell model shows that the strain as large as 5% is induced on Pt-rich shells due to Ni dissolution. The composition dependency of the strain on the shells is in excellent agreement with that of the catalytic activity. The present study demonstrates that BCDI enables quantitative determination of the strain on alloy nanoparticles during electrochemical reactions, which provides a means to exploit surface strain to design a wide range of electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Kawaguchi
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 9808577, Japan
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | | | - Wonsuk Cha
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Evan R Maxey
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ross Harder
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Tetsu Ichitsubo
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 9808577, Japan
| | - Hoydoo You
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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29
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Kim J, Choi H, Kim D, Park JY. Operando Surface Studies on Metal-Oxide Interfaces of Bimetal and Mixed Catalysts. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeongjin Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanseul Choi
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeho Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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30
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Yu Z, Xu Y, Su J, Radjenovic PM, Wang Y, Zheng J, Teng B, Shao Y, Zhou X, Li J. Probing Interfacial Electronic Effects on Single‐Molecule Adsorption Geometry and Electron Transport at Atomically Flat Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Institute of Physical Chemistry Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Yu‐Xing Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Institute of Physical Chemistry Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Jun‐Qing Su
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Institute of Physical Chemistry Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Petar M. Radjenovic
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry iChEM College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Ya‐Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Institute of Physical Chemistry Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Ju‐Fang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Institute of Physical Chemistry Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Botao Teng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Yong Shao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Institute of Physical Chemistry Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Xiao‐Shun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Institute of Physical Chemistry Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Jian‐Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry iChEM College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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31
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Yu Z, Xu YX, Su JQ, Radjenovic PM, Wang YH, Zheng JF, Teng B, Shao Y, Zhou XS, Li JF. Probing Interfacial Electronic Effects on Single-Molecule Adsorption Geometry and Electron Transport at Atomically Flat Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15452-15458. [PMID: 33884737 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Clarifying interfacial electronic effects on molecular adsorption is significant in many chemical and biochemical processes. Here, we used STM breaking junction and shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to probe electron transport and adsorption geometries of 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-BPY) at Au(111). Modifying the surface with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation-containing ionic liquids (ILs) decreases surface electron density and stabilizes a vertical orientation of pyridine through nitrogen atom σ-bond interactions, resulting in uniform adsorption configurations for forming molecular junctions. Modulation from vertical, tilted, to flat, is achieved on adding water to ILs, leading to a new peak ascribed to CC stretching of adsorbed pyridyl ring and 316 % modulation of single-molecule conductance. The dihedral angle between adsorbed pyridyl ring and surface decreases with increasing surface electronic density, enhancing electron donation from surface to pyridyl ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yu-Xing Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jun-Qing Su
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Petar M Radjenovic
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ya-Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Ju-Fang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Botao Teng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yong Shao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Xiao-Shun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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32
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Wang X, Wang YQ, Feng YC, Wang D, Wan LJ. Insights into electrocatalysis by scanning tunnelling microscopy. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5832-5849. [PMID: 34027957 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01078b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of electrocatalytic reaction is important for the design and development of highly efficient electrocatalysts for energy technology. Investigating the surface structures of electrocatalysts and the surface processes in electrocatalytic reactions at the atomic and molecular scale is helpful to identify the catalytic role of active sites and further promotes the development of emerging electrocatalysts. Since it was invented, scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) has become a powerful technique to investigate surface topographies and electronic properties at the nanoscale resolution. STM can be operated in diversified environments. Electrochemical STM can be used to investigate the surface processes during electrochemical reactions. Moreover, the critical intermediates in catalysis on catalyst surfaces can be identified by STM at low temperature or ultrahigh vacuum. STM has been extensively utilized in electrocatalysis research, including the structure-activity relationship of electrocatalysts, the distribution of active sites, and surface processes in electrocatalytic reactions. In this review, progress in the application of STM in electrocatalysis is systematically discussed. The construction of model electrocatalysts and electrocatalytic systems are summarized. Then, we present the STM investigation of electrocatalyst structures and surface processes related to electrocatalysis. Challenges and future developments in the field are discussed in the outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Qi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ya-Chen Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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33
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Pfaff S, Larsson A, Orlov D, Harlow GS, Abbondanza G, Linpé W, Rämisch L, Gericke SM, Zetterberg J, Lundgren E. Operando Reflectance Microscopy on Polycrystalline Surfaces in Thermal Catalysis, Electrocatalysis, and Corrosion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:19530-19540. [PMID: 33870682 PMCID: PMC8288973 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a microscope with a spatial resolution of 5 μm, which can be used to image the two-dimensional surface optical reflectance (2D-SOR) of polycrystalline samples in operando conditions. Within the field of surface science, operando tools that give information about the surface structure or chemistry of a sample under realistic experimental conditions have proven to be very valuable to understand the intrinsic reaction mechanisms in thermal catalysis, electrocatalysis, and corrosion science. To study heterogeneous surfaces in situ, the experimental technique must both have spatial resolution and be able to probe through gas or electrolyte. Traditional electron-based surface science techniques are difficult to use under high gas pressure conditions or in an electrolyte due to the short mean free path of electrons. Since it uses visible light, SOR can easily be used under high gas pressure conditions and in the presence of an electrolyte. In this work, we use SOR in combination with a light microscope to gain information about the surface under realistic experimental conditions. We demonstrate this by studying the different grains of three polycrystalline samples: Pd during CO oxidation, Au in electrocatalysis, and duplex stainless steel in corrosion. Optical light-based techniques such as SOR could prove to be a good alternative or addition to more complicated techniques in improving our understanding of complex polycrystalline surfaces with operando measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pfaff
- Combustion
Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Alfred Larsson
- Division
of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund
University, Sölvegatan
14, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Dmytro Orlov
- Materials
Engineering, Lund University, Ole Römers väg 1, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Gary S. Harlow
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Abbondanza
- Division
of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund
University, Sölvegatan
14, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Weronica Linpé
- Division
of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund
University, Sölvegatan
14, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisa Rämisch
- Combustion
Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sabrina M. Gericke
- Combustion
Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Zetterberg
- Combustion
Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Edvin Lundgren
- Division
of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund
University, Sölvegatan
14, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
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34
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Bondue C, Liang Z, Koper MTM. Dissociative Adsorption of Acetone on Platinum Single-Crystal Electrodes. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:6643-6649. [PMID: 33868544 PMCID: PMC8042992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c11360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we investigate the poisoning reaction that occurs at platinum electrodes during the electrocatalytic hydrogenation of acetone. A better understanding of this poisoning reaction is important to develop electrocatalysts that are both active for the hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds and resilient against poisoning side reactions. We adsorb acetone to Pt(331), Pt(911), Pt(510), and Pt(533) (i.e., Pt[2(111) × (110)], Pt[5(100) × (111)], [5(100) × (110)], and Pt[4(111) × (100), respectively])) as well as Pt(100) single-crystal electrodes and perform reductive and oxidative stripping experiments after electrolyte exchange. We found that acetone adsorbs molecularly intact on all sites apart from Pt(100) terrace sites and can be stripped reductively from the electrode surface at a potential positive of hydrogen evolution. However, at Pt(100) terraces, acetone adsorbs dissociatively as carbon monoxide, which remains attached to the electrode surface and leads to its poisoning. Strikingly, dissociative adsorption does not occur on step sites with (100) geometry, which suggests that the dissociative adsorption of acetone is limited to Pt(100) terraces featuring a certain minimum "ensemble" number of freely available Pt atoms.
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35
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Haid RW, Kluge RM, Liang Y, Bandarenka AS. In Situ Quantification of the Local Electrocatalytic Activity via Electrochemical Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2000710. [PMID: 34927879 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202000710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Identification of catalytically active sites at solid/liquid interfaces under reaction conditions is an essential task to improve the catalyst design for sustainable energy devices. Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM) combines the control of the surface reactions with imaging on a nanoscale. When performing EC-STM under reaction conditions, the recorded analytical signal shows higher fluctuations (noise) at active sites compared to non-active sites (noise-EC-STM or n-EC-STM). In the past, this approach has been proven as a valid tool to identify the location of active sites. In this work, the authors show that this method can be extended to obtain quantitative information of the local activity. For the platinum(111) surface under oxygen reduction reaction conditions, a linear relationship between the STM noise level and a measure of reactivity, the turn-over frequency is found. Since it is known that the most active sites for this system are located at concave sites, the method has been applied to quantify the activity at steps. The obtained activity enhancement factors appeared to be in good agreement with the literature. Thus, n-EC-STM is a powerful method not only to in situ identify the location of active sites but also to determine and compare local reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Haid
- Department of Physics (ECS), Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Regina M Kluge
- Department of Physics (ECS), Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Yunchang Liang
- Department of Physics (ECS), Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Aliaksandr S Bandarenka
- Department of Physics (ECS), Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Catalysis Research Center TUM, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
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36
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Lopes PP, Li D, Lv H, Wang C, Tripkovic D, Zhu Y, Schimmenti R, Daimon H, Kang Y, Snyder J, Becknell N, More KL, Strmcnik D, Markovic NM, Mavrikakis M, Stamenkovic VR. Eliminating dissolution of platinum-based electrocatalysts at the atomic scale. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:1207-1214. [PMID: 32690912 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0735-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A remaining challenge for the deployment of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells is the limited durability of platinum (Pt) nanoscale materials that operate at high voltages during the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction. In this work, atomic-scale insight into well-defined single-crystalline, thin-film and nanoscale surfaces exposed Pt dissolution trends that governed the design and synthesis of durable materials. A newly defined metric, intrinsic dissolution, is essential to understanding the correlation between the measured Pt loss, surface structure, size and ratio of Pt nanoparticles in a carbon (C) support. It was found that the utilization of a gold (Au) underlayer promotes ordering of Pt surface atoms towards a (111) structure, whereas Au on the surface selectively protects low-coordinated Pt sites. This mitigation strategy was applied towards 3 nm Pt3Au/C nanoparticles and resulted in the elimination of Pt dissolution in the liquid electrolyte, which included a 30-fold durability improvement versus 3 nm Pt/C over an extended potential range up to 1.2 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro P Lopes
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Dongguo Li
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Haifeng Lv
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dusan Tripkovic
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Faculty for Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Yisi Zhu
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Roberto Schimmenti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hideo Daimon
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yijin Kang
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Joshua Snyder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nigel Becknell
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Karren L More
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Dusan Strmcnik
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Nenad M Markovic
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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37
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Barbosa AFB, Del Colle V, Previdello BAF, Tremiliosi-Filho G. Electrooxidation of Acetaldehyde on Pt(111) Surface Modified by Random Defects and Tin Decoration. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-020-00628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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Liu Z, Zhao Z, Peng B, Duan X, Huang Y. Beyond Extended Surfaces: Understanding the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Nanocatalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17812-17827. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zipeng Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Bosi Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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39
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Structure dependency of the atomic-scale mechanisms of platinum electro-oxidation and dissolution. Nat Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-020-0497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Chattot R, Bordet P, Martens I, Drnec J, Dubau L, Maillard F. Building Practical Descriptors for Defect Engineering of Electrocatalytic Materials. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Chattot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, ID 31 Beamline, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre Bordet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Isaac Martens
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, ID 31 Beamline, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Jakub Drnec
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, ID 31 Beamline, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Laetitia Dubau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Maillard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
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41
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Wang X, Cai ZF, Wang YQ, Feng YC, Yan HJ, Wang D, Wan LJ. In Situ Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Cobalt-Phthalocyanine-Catalyzed CO 2 Reduction Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16098-16103. [PMID: 32495960 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a molecular investigation of a cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc)-catalyzed CO2 reduction reaction by electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ECSTM). An ordered adlayer of CoPc was prepared on Au(111). Approximately 14 % of the adsorbed species appeared with high contrast in a CO2 -purged electrolyte environment. The ECSTM experiments indicate the proportion of high-contrast species correlated with the reduction of CoII Pc (-0.2 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE)). The high-contrast species is ascribed to the CoPc-CO2 complex, which is further confirmed by theoretical simulation. The sharp contrast change from CoPc-CO2 to CoPc is revealed by in situ ECSTM characterization of the reaction. Potential step experiments provide dynamic information for the initial stage of the reaction, which include the reduction of CoPc and the binding of CO2 , and the latter is the rate-limiting step. The rate constant of the formation and dissociation of CoPc-CO2 is estimated on the basis of the in situ ECSTM experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhen-Feng Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu-Qi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ya-Chen Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui-Juan Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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42
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Wang X, Cai Z, Wang Y, Feng Y, Yan H, Wang D, Wan L. In Situ Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Cobalt‐Phthalocyanine‐Catalyzed CO
2
Reduction Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhen‐Feng Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yu‐Qi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ya‐Chen Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Hui‐Juan Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Li‐Jun Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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Climent V, Feliu J. Single Crystal Electrochemistry as an In Situ Analytical Characterization Tool. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2020; 13:201-222. [PMID: 32243760 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-115541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical behavior of platinum single crystal surfaces can be taken as a model response for the interpretation of the activity of heterogeneous electrodes. The cyclic voltammogram of a given platinum electrode can be considered a fingerprint characteristic of the distribution of sites on its surface. We start this review by providing some simple mathematical descriptions of the voltammetric response in the presence of adsorption processes. We then describe the voltammogram of platinum basal planes, followed by the response of stepped surfaces. The voltammogram of polycrystalline materials can be understood as a composition of the response of the different basal contributions. Further resolution in the discrimination of different surface sites can be achieved with the aid of surface modification using adatoms such as bismuth or germanium. The application of these ideas is exemplified with the consideration of real catalysts composed of platinum nanoparticles with preferential shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Climent
- Instituto Universitario de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, E-03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain;
| | - Juan Feliu
- Instituto Universitario de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, E-03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain;
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Hanselman S, McCrum IT, Rost MJ, Koper MTM. Thermodynamics of the formation of surface PtO 2 stripes on Pt(111) in the absence of subsurface oxygen. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10634-10640. [PMID: 31701114 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05107d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the thermodynamics of PtO2 stripes formed as intermediates of Pt(111) surface oxidation as a function of the degree of dilation parallel to the stripes, using density functional theory and atomistic thermodynamics. Internal energy calculations predict 7/8 and 8/9 stripe structures to dominate at standard temperature and pressure, which contain 7 or 8 elevated PtO2 units per 8 or 9 supporting surface Pt atoms, respectively. Moreover, we found a thermodynamic optimum with respect to mean in-stripe Pt-Pt spacing close to that of α-PtO2. Vibrational zero point energies, including bulk layer contributions, make a small but significant contribution to the stripe free energies, leading to the 6/7 stripe being most stable, although the 7/8 structure is still close in free energy. These findings correspond closely to experimental observations, providing insight into the driving force for oxide stripe formation and structure as the initial intermediate of platinum surface oxidation, and aiding our understanding of platinum catalysts and surface roughening under oxidative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn Hanselman
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Khalakhan I, Bogar M, Vorokhta M, Kúš P, Yakovlev Y, Dopita M, Sandbeck DJS, Cherevko S, Matolínová I, Amenitsch H. Evolution of the PtNi Bimetallic Alloy Fuel Cell Catalyst under Simulated Operational Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:17602-17610. [PMID: 32191029 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive understanding of the catalyst corrosion dynamics is a prerequisite for the development of an efficient cathode catalyst in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. To reach this aim, the behavior of fuel cell catalysts must be investigated directly under reaction conditions. Herein, we applied a strategic combination of in situ/online techniques: in situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy, in situ grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering, and electrochemical scanning flow cell with online detection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. This combination of techniques allows in-depth investigation of the potential-dependent surface restructuring of a PtNi model thin film catalyst during potentiodynamic cycling in an aqueous acidic electrolyte. The study reveals a clear correlation between the upper potential limit and structural behavior of the PtNi catalyst, namely, its dealloying and coarsening. The results show that at 0.6 and 1.0 VRHE upper potentials, the PtNi catalyst essentially preserves its structure during the entire cycling procedure. The crucial changes in the morphology of PtNi layers are found to occur at 1.3 and 1.5 VRHE cycling potentials. Strong dealloying at the early stage of cycling is substituted with strong coarsening of catalyst particles at the later stage. The coarsening at the later stage of cycling is assigned to the electrochemical Ostwald ripening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Khalakhan
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Marco Bogar
- Graz University of Technology, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- CERIC-ERIC c/o Elettra Synchrotron, S.S. 14 Km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mykhailo Vorokhta
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Kúš
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Yurii Yakovlev
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Dopita
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel John Seale Sandbeck
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH. Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH. Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iva Matolínová
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Graz University of Technology, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Xiang H, Zheng Y, Sun Y, Guo T, Zhang P, Li W, Kong S, Ouzounian M, Chen H, Li H, Hu TS, Yu G, Feng Y, Liu S. Bimetallic and postsynthetically alloyed PtCu nanostructures with tunable reactivity for the methanol oxidation reaction. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:1603-1612. [PMID: 36132327 PMCID: PMC9419734 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00076k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Designing effective catalysts by controlling morphology and structure is key to improving the energy efficiency of fuel cells. A good understanding of the effects of specific structures on electrocatalytic activity, selectivity, and stability is needed. Here, we propose a facile method to synthesize PtCu bimetallic nanostructures with controllable compositions by using Cu nanowires as a template and ascorbic acid as a reductant. A further annealing process provided the alloy PtCu with tunable crystal structures. The combination of distinct structures with tunable compositions in the form of PtCu nanowires provides plenty of information for better understanding the reaction mechanism during catalysis. HClO4 cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests confirmed that various phase transformations occurred in bimetallic and alloy samples, affecting morphology and unit cell structures. Under a bifunctional synergistic effect and the influence of the insertion of a second metal, the two series of structures show superior performance toward methanol electrooxidation. Typically, the post-product alloy A-Pt14Cu86 with a cubic structure (a = 3.702 Å) has better methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) catalysis performance. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to determine an optimal pathway using the Gibbs free energy and to verify the dependence of the electrocatalytic performance on the lattice structure via overpotential changes. Bimetallic PtCu has high CO tolerance, maintaining high stability. This work provides an approach for the systematic design of novel catalysts and the exploration of electrocatalytic mechanisms for fuel cells and other related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Xiang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Yueshao Zheng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Organic Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Kunming University Kunming 650000 P. R. China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Shiwei Kong
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Miray Ouzounian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State University Los Angeles CA 90032 USA
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Foshan University Foshan 528000 P. R. China
| | - Huimin Li
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Travis Shihao Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State University Los Angeles CA 90032 USA
| | - Gang Yu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Yexin Feng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Song Liu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
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Linpé W, Harlow GS, Larsson A, Abbondanza G, Rämisch L, Pfaff S, Zetterberg J, Evertsson J, Lundgren E. An electrochemical cell for 2-dimensional surface optical reflectance during anodization and cyclic voltammetry. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:044101. [PMID: 32357721 DOI: 10.1063/1.5133905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an electrochemical cell for in situ 2-Dimensional Surface Optical Reflectance (2D-SOR) studies during anodization and cyclic voltammetry. The 2D-SOR signal was recorded from electrodes made of polycrystalline Al, Au(111), and Pt(100) single crystals. The changes can be followed at a video rate acquisition frequency of 200 Hz and demonstrate a strong contrast between oxidizing and reducing conditions. Good correlation between the 2D-SOR signal and the anodization conditions or the cyclic voltammetry current is also observed. The power of this approach is discussed, with a focus on applications in various fields of electrochemistry. The combination of 2D-SOR with other techniques, as well as its spatial resolution and sensitivity, has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Linpé
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - G S Harlow
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - A Larsson
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - G Abbondanza
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - L Rämisch
- Division of Combustion Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - S Pfaff
- Division of Combustion Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - J Zetterberg
- Division of Combustion Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - J Evertsson
- Hydro Extruded Solutions AB Innovation & Technology, Finspång, Sweden
| | - E Lundgren
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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Yadav A, Pandey R, Liao TW, Zharinov VS, Hu KJ, Vernieres J, Palmer RE, Lievens P, Grandjean D, Shacham-Diamand Y. A platinum-nickel bimetallic nanocluster ensemble-on-polyaniline nanofilm for enhanced electrocatalytic oxidation of dopamine. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:6047-6056. [PMID: 32129392 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09730a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a new approach to design flexible functional material platforms based on electropolymerized polyaniline (PANI) polymer nanofilms modified with bimetallic nanoclusters (NCs) for efficient electro-oxidation of small organic molecules. Composition defined ligand free Pt0.75Ni0.25 NCs were synthesized in the gas phase using the Cluster Beam Deposition (CBD) technology and characterized using RToF, HAADF-STEM, XAFS and XPS. NCs were then directly deposited on PANI coated templates to construct electrodes. Dopamine (DP) molecules were used as a representative organic analyte and the influence of the NC-PANI hybrid atomistic structure on the electrochemical and electrocatalytic performance was investigated. The as prepared, nearly monodispersed, Pt0.75Ni0.25 NCs of ca. 2 nm diameter featuring a PtOx surface combined with a shallow platelet-like Ni-O(OH) phase formed a densely packed active surface on PANI at ultralow metal coverages. Electrochemical measurements (EIS and CV) show a 2.5 times decrease in charge transfer resistance and a remarkable 6-fold increase at lower potential in the mass activity for Pt0.75Ni0.25 NCs in comparison with their pure Pt counterparts. The enhanced electrochemical performance of the Pt0.75Ni0.25 NC hybrid's interface is ascribed to the formation of mixed Pt metal and Ni-O(OH) phases at the surface of the alloyed PtNi cores of the bimetallic NCs under electrochemical conditions combined with an efficient charge conduction pathway between NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Yadav
- Quantum Solid State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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49
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Synchronous Electrical Conductance‐ and Electron Tunnelling‐Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Measurements. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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50
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Sakaushi K, Kumeda T, Hammes-Schiffer S, Melander MM, Sugino O. Advances and challenges for experiment and theory for multi-electron multi-proton transfer at electrified solid–liquid interfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:19401-19442. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02741c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding microscopic mechanism of multi-electron multi-proton transfer reactions at complexed systems is important for advancing electrochemistry-oriented science in the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Sakaushi
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Ibaraki 305-0044
- Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kumeda
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Ibaraki 305-0044
- Japan
| | | | - Marko M. Melander
- Nanoscience Center
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Jyväskylä
- Jyväskylä
- Finland
| | - Osamu Sugino
- The Institute of Solid State Physics
- the University of Tokyo
- Chiba 277-8581
- Japan
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