1
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Zhen J, Huang Q, Shen K, Dong H, Zhang S, Lv K, Yang P, Zhang Y, Guo S, Qiu J, Liu G. Irreversible coherent matching bonding of van der Waals heterostructure lattice by pressure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2403726121. [PMID: 38805293 PMCID: PMC11161798 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2403726121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The key of heterostructure is the combinations created by stacking various vdW materials, which can modify interlayer coupling and electronic properties, providing exciting opportunities for designer devices. However, this simple stacking does not create chemical bonds, making it difficult to fundamentally alter the electronic structure. Here, we demonstrate that interlayer interactions in heterostructures can be fundamentally controlled using hydrostatic pressure, providing a bonding method to modify electronic structures. By covering graphene with boron nitride and inducing an irreversible phase transition, the conditions for graphene lattice-matching bonding (IMB) were created. We demonstrate that the increased bandgap of graphene under pressure is well maintained in ambient due to the IMB in the interface. Comparison to theoretical modeling emphasizes the process of pressure-induced interfacial bonding, systematically generalizes, and predicts this model. Our results demonstrate that pressure can irreversibly control interlayer bonding, providing opportunities for high-pressure technology in ambient applications and IMB engineering in heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Zhen
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
- Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiushi Huang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing100093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Shen
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
- Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Dong
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shihui Zhang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai201203, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun130012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kehong Lv
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
- Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Yang
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
- Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
- Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
| | - Silin Guo
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
- Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Qiu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
- Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanjun Liu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
- Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan410073, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Yang X, Zang J, Zhao X, Ren X, Ma S, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Li X, Cheng S, Li S, Liu B, Shan C. Centimeter-sized diamond composites with high electrical conductivity and hardness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316580121. [PMID: 38377204 PMCID: PMC10907318 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316580121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Achieving high-performance materials with superior mechanical properties and electrical conductivity, especially in large-sized bulk forms, has always been the goal. However, it remains a grand challenge due to the inherent trade-off between these properties. Herein, by employing nanodiamonds as precursors, centimeter-sized diamond/graphene composites were synthesized under moderate pressure and temperature conditions (12 GPa and 1,300 to 1,500 °C), and the composites consisted of ultrafine diamond grains and few-layer graphene domains interconnected through covalently bonded interfaces. The composites exhibit a remarkable electrical conductivity of 2.0 × 104 S m-1 at room temperature, a Vickers hardness of up to ~55.8 GPa, and a toughness of 10.8 to 19.8 MPa m1/2. Theoretical calculations indicate that the transformation energy barrier for the graphitization of diamond surface is lower than that for diamond growth directly from conventional sp2 carbon materials, allowing the synthesis of such diamond composites under mild conditions. The above results pave the way for realizing large-sized diamond-based materials with ultrahigh electrical conductivity and superior mechanical properties simultaneously under moderate synthesis conditions, which will facilitate their large-scale applications in a variety of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xigui Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, China
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou450046, China
| | - Jinhao Zang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, China
| | - Xingju Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ren
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, China
| | - Shuailing Ma
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, School of Physical Scientific and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Zhuangfei Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, China
| | - Yuewen Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, China
| | - Xing Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, China
| | - Shaobo Cheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, China
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou450046, China
| | - Shunfang Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun130012, China
| | - Chongxin Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, China
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou450046, China
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3
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Salter P, Villar MP, Lloret F, Reyes DF, Krueger M, Henderson CS, Araujo D, Jackman RB. Laser Engineering Nanocarbon Phases within Diamond for Science and Electronics. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2861-2871. [PMID: 38232330 PMCID: PMC10832029 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Diamond, as the densest allotrope of carbon, displays a range of exemplary material properties that are attractive from a device perspective. Despite diamond displaying high carbon-carbon bond strength, ultrashort (femtosecond) pulse laser radiation can provide sufficient energy for highly localized internal breakdown of the diamond lattice. The less-dense carbon structures generated on lattice breakdown are subject to significant pressure from the surrounding diamond matrix, leading to highly unusual formation conditions. By tailoring the laser dose delivered to the diamond, it is shown that it is possible to create continuously modified internal tracks with varying electrical conduction properties. In addition to the widely reported conducting tracks, conditions leading to semiconducting and insulating written tracks have been identified. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is used to visualize the structural transformations taking place and provide insight into the different conduction regimes. The HRTEM reveals a highly diverse range of nanocarbon structures are generated by the laser irradiation, including many signatures for different so-called diaphite complexes, which have been seen in meteorite samples and seem to mediate the laser-induced breakdown of the diamond. This work offers insight into possible formation methods for the diamond and related nanocarbon phases found in meteorites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick
S. Salter
- Department
of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, U.K.
| | - M. Pilar Villar
- Department
of the Science of Materials, University
of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Fernando Lloret
- Department
of the Science of Materials, University
of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Daniel F. Reyes
- Department
of the Science of Materials, University
of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Marta Krueger
- Department
of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, U.K.
| | - Calum S. Henderson
- London
Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Electronic and Electrical
Engineering, UCL (University College London), 17−19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH, U.K.
| | - Daniel Araujo
- Department
of the Science of Materials, University
of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Richard B. Jackman
- London
Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Electronic and Electrical
Engineering, UCL (University College London), 17−19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH, U.K.
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4
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Mishra Y, Mishra V, Chattaraj A, Aljabali AAA, El-Tanani M, Farani MR, Huh YS, Serrano-Aroca Ã, Tambuwala MM. Carbon nanotube-wastewater treatment nexus: Where are we heading to? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117088. [PMID: 37683781 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Water treatment is crucial in solving the rising people's appetite for water and global water shortages. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have considerable promise for water treatment because of their adjustable and distinctive arbitrary, physical, as well as chemical characteristics. This illustrates the benefits and risks of integrating CNT into the traditional water treatment resource. Due to their outstanding adsorbent ability and chemical and mechanical properties, CNTs have gained global consideration in environmental applications. The desalination and extraction capability of CNT were improved due to chemical or physical modifications in pure CNTs by various functional groups. The CNT-based composites have many benefits, such as antifouling performance, high selectivity, and increased water permeability. Nevertheless, their full-scale implementations are still constrained by their high costs. Functionalized CNTs and their promising nanocomposites to eliminate contaminants are advised for marketing and extensive water/wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachana Mishra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
| | - Aditi Chattaraj
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- College of Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Marzieh Ramezani Farani
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ãngel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab Translational Research Centre San Alberto Magno, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, England, United Kingdom.
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5
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Németh P, Garvie LAJ, Salzmann CG. Canyon Diablo lonsdaleite is a nanocomposite containing c/h stacking disordered diamond and diaphite. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2023; 381:20220344. [PMID: 37691464 PMCID: PMC10493553 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
In 1967, a diamond polymorph was reported from hard, diamond-like grains of the Canyon Diablo iron meteorite and named lonsdaleite. This mineral was defined and identified by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) features that were indexed with a hexagonal unit cell. Since 1967, several natural and synthetic diamond-like materials with XRD data matching lonsdaleite have been reported and the name lonsdaleite was used interchangeably with hexagonal diamond. Its hexagonal structure was speculated to lead to physical properties superior to cubic diamond, and as such has stimulated attempts to synthesize lonsdaleite. Despite numerous reports, several recent studies have provided alternative explanations for the XRD, transmission electron microscopy and Raman data used to identify lonsdaleite. Here, we show that lonsdaleite from the Canyon Diablo diamond-like grains are a nanocomposite material dominated by subnanometre-scale cubic/hexagonal stacking disordered diamond and diaphite domains. These nanostructured elements are intimately intergrown, giving rise to structural features erroneously associated with h diamond. Our data suggest that the diffuse scattering in XRD and the hexagonal features in transmission electron microscopy images reported from various natural and laboratory-prepared samples that were previously used for lonsdaleite identification, in fact arise from cubic/hexagonal stacking disordered diamond and diaphite domains. This article is part of the theme issue 'Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Németh
- Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest 1112, Hungary
- University of Pannonia, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Egyetem út 10, Veszprém 8200, Hungary
| | - Laurence A. J. Garvie
- Buseck Center for Meteorite Studies, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6004, USA
| | - Christoph G. Salzmann
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
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6
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Wilding MC, Sella A, Howard CA, Sobrido AJ, Catlow CRA. Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 2). PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2023; 381:20230175. [PMID: 37691460 PMCID: PMC10493547 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
This themed issue explores the different length and timescales that determine the physics and chemistry of a variety of key of materials, explored from the perspective of a wide range of disciplines, including physics, chemistry materials science, Earth science and biochemistry. The topics discussed include catalysis, chemistry under extreme conditions, energy materials, amorphous and liquid structure, hybrid organic materials and biological materials. The issue is in two parts, with this second set of contributions exploring hybrid organic materials, catalysis low-dimensional and graphitic materials, biological materials and naturally occurring, super-hard material as well as dynamic high pressure and new developments in imaging techniques pressure. This article is part of the theme issue 'Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C. Wilding
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire OX11, 0QX, UK
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Andrea Sella
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Ana Jorge Sobrido
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - C. R. A. Catlow
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire OX11, 0QX, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
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7
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Tian F, Zhao Q, Guo J, Kong S, Liu B, Dai Z, Fang M, Zhang Y, Zhou C, Cao K, Yang S. A Giant Exchange Bias Effect Due to Enhanced Ferromagnetism Using a Mixed Martensitic Phase in Ni 50Mn 37Ga 13 Spun Ribbons. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2827. [PMID: 37947673 PMCID: PMC10650613 DOI: 10.3390/nano13212827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The structure of a material is an important factor in determining its physical properties. Here, we adjust the structure of the Ni50Mn37Ga13 spun ribbons by changing the wheel speed to regulate the exchange bias effect of the material. The characterization results of micromorphology and structure show that as the wheel speed increases, the martensite lath decreases from 200 nm to 50 nm, the structure changed from the NM to a NM and 10M mixed martensitic structure containing mainly NM, then changed to NM and 10M where 10M and NM are approaching. Meanwhile, HE first increased and then decreased as the wheel speed increased. The optimum exchange bias effect (HE = 7.2 kOe) occurs when the wheel speed is 25 m∙s-1, mainly attributed to the enhanced ferromagnetism caused by part of 10M in NM martensite, which enhanced the exchange coupling of ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism. This work reveals the structural dependence of exchange bias and provides a way to tune the magnitude of the exchange bias of Heusler alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghua Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Q.Z.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sen Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Q.Z.)
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8
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He ZH, Huang YY, Ji GF, Chen J, Wu Q. The Structure Properties of Carbon Materials Formed in 2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene Detonation: A Theoretical Insight for Nucleation of Diamond-like Carbon. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12568. [PMID: 37628750 PMCID: PMC10454052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure and properties of nano-carbon materials formed in explosives detonation are always a challenge, not only for the designing and manufacturing of these materials but also for clearly understanding the detonation performance of explosives. Herein, we study the dynamic evolution process of condensed-phase carbon involved in 2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TATB) detonation using the quantum-based molecular dynamics method. Various carbon structures such as, graphene-like, diamond-like, and "diaphite", are obtained under different pressures. The transition from a C sp2- to a sp3-hybrid, driven by the conversion of a hexatomic to a non-hexatomic ring, is detected under high pressure. A tightly bound nucleation mechanism for diamond-like carbon dominated by a graphene-like carbon layer is uncovered. The graphene-like layer is readily constructed at the early stage, which would connect with surrounding carbon atoms or fragments to form the tetrahedral structure, with a high fraction of sp3-hybridized carbon. After that, the deformed carbon layers further coalesce with each other by bonding between carbon atoms within the five-member ring, to form the diamond-like nucleus. The complex "diaphite" configuration is detected during the diamond-like carbon nucleation, which illustrates that the nucleation and growth of detonation nano-diamond would accompany the intergrowth of graphene-like layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hua He
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China; (Z.-H.H.)
| | - Yao-Yao Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China; (Z.-H.H.)
| | - Guang-Fu Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China; (Z.-H.H.)
| | - Jun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China; (Z.-H.H.)
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9
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Zhang P, Gao D, Tang X, Yang X, Zheng H, Wang Y, Wang X, Xu J, Wang Z, Liu J, Wang X, Ju J, Tang M, Dong X, Li K, Mao HK. Ordered Van der Waals Hetero-nanoribbon from Pressure-Induced Topochemical Polymerization of Azobenzene. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6845-6852. [PMID: 36926877 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Pressure-induced topochemical polymerization of molecular crystals with various stackings is a promising way to synthesize materials with different co-existing sub-structures. Here, by compressing the azobenzene crystal containing two kinds of intermolecular stacking, we synthesized an ordered van der Waals carbon nanoribbon (CNR) heterostructure in one step. Azobenzene polymerizes via a [4 + 2] hetero-Diels-Alder (HDA) reaction of phenylazo-phenyl in layer A and a para-polymerization reaction of phenyl in layer B at 18 GPa, as evidenced by in situ Raman and IR spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, as well as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance of the recovered products. The theoretical calculation shows that the obtained CNR heterostructure has a type II (staggered) band gap alignment. Our work highlights a high-pressure strategy to synthesize bulk CNR heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijie Zhang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexiang Gao
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Tang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yida Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqin Xu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijia Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoge Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ju
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxue Tang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuo Li
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ho-Kwang Mao
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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10
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Li Z, Wang Y, Ma M, Ma H, Hu W, Zhang X, Zhuge Z, Zhang S, Luo K, Gao Y, Sun L, Soldatov AV, Wu Y, Liu B, Li B, Ying P, Zhang Y, Xu B, He J, Yu D, Liu Z, Zhao Z, Yue Y, Tian Y, Li X. Ultrastrong conductive in situ composite composed of nanodiamond incoherently embedded in disordered multilayer graphene. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:42-49. [PMID: 36522415 PMCID: PMC9812777 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Traditional ceramics or metals cannot simultaneously achieve ultrahigh strength and high electrical conductivity. The elemental carbon can form a variety of allotropes with entirely different physical properties, providing versatility for tuning mechanical and electrical properties in a wide range. Here, by precisely controlling the extent of transformation of amorphous carbon into diamond within a narrow temperature-pressure range, we synthesize an in situ composite consisting of ultrafine nanodiamond homogeneously dispersed in disordered multilayer graphene with incoherent interfaces, which demonstrates a Knoop hardness of up to ~53 GPa, a compressive strength of up to ~54 GPa and an electrical conductivity of 670-1,240 S m-1 at room temperature. With atomically resolving interface structures and molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal that amorphous carbon transforms into diamond through a nucleation process via a local rearrangement of carbon atoms and diffusion-driven growth, different from the transformation of graphite into diamond. The complex bonding between the diamond-like and graphite-like components greatly improves the mechanical properties of the composite. This superhard, ultrastrong, conductive elemental carbon composite has comprehensive properties that are superior to those of the known conductive ceramics and C/C composites. The intermediate hybridization state at the interfaces also provides insights into the amorphous-to-crystalline phase transition of carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihe Li
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdong Ma
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Huachun Ma
- Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zewen Zhuge
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhang
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Kun Luo
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yufei Gao
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Alexander V Soldatov
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yingju Wu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Baozhong Li
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Pan Ying
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Julong He
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Dongli Yu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zhisheng Zhao
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China.
| | - Yuanzheng Yue
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Yongjun Tian
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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11
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Brzyska A, Panczyk T, Wolinski K. From Cyclo[18]carbon to the Novel Nanostructures-Theoretical Predictions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12960. [PMID: 36361747 PMCID: PMC9654130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present a number of novel pure-carbon structures generated from cyclo[18]carbon. Due to the very high reactivity of cyclo[18]carbon, it is possible to link these molecules together to form bigger molecular systems. In our studies, we generated new structures containing 18, 36 and 72 carbon atoms. They are of different shapes including ribbons, sheets and tubes. All these new structures were obtained in virtual reactions driven by external forces. For every reaction, the energy requirement was evaluated exactly when the corresponding transition state was found or it was estimated through our new approach. A small HOMO-LUMO gap in these nanostructures indicates easy excitations and the multiple bonds network indicates their high reactivity. Both of these factors suggest that some potential applications of the new nanostructures are as components of therapeutically active carbon quantum dots, terminal fragments of graphene or carbon nanotubes obtained after fracture or growing in situ in catalytic reactions leading to the formation of carbonaceous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Brzyska
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Panczyk
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Wolinski
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Sklodowska University in Lublin, pl. Maria Curie-Sklodowska 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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12
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Shock-formed carbon materials with intergrown sp 3- and sp 2-bonded nanostructured units. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203672119. [PMID: 35867827 PMCID: PMC9335297 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203672119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of dense carbon materials formed by bolide impacts or produced by laboratory compression provide key information on the high-pressure behavior of carbon and for identifying and designing unique structures for technological applications. However, a major obstacle to studying and designing these materials is an incomplete understanding of their fundamental structures. Here, we report the remarkable structural diversity of cubic/hexagonally (c/h) stacked diamond and their association with diamond-graphite nanocomposites containing sp3-/sp2-bonding patterns, i.e., diaphites, from hard carbon materials formed by shock impact of graphite in the Canyon Diablo iron meteorite. We show evidence for a range of intergrowth types and nanostructures containing unusually short (0.31 nm) graphene spacings and demonstrate that previously neglected or misinterpreted Raman bands can be associated with diaphite structures. Our study provides a structural understanding of the material known as lonsdaleite, previously described as hexagonal diamond, and extends this understanding to other natural and synthetic ultrahard carbon phases. The unique three-dimensional carbon architectures encountered in shock-formed samples can place constraints on the pressure-temperature conditions experienced during an impact and provide exceptional opportunities to engineer the properties of carbon nanocomposite materials and phase assemblages.
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13
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Microstructure and Anisotropic Order Parameter of Boron-Doped Nanocrystalline Diamond Films. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12081031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Unconventional superconductivity in heavily boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond films (HBDDF) produced a significant amount of interest. However, the exact pairing mechanism has not been understood due to a lack of understanding of crystal symmetry, which is broken at the grain boundaries. The superconducting order parameter (Δ) of HBDDF is believed to be anisotropic since boron atoms form a complex structure with carbon and introduce spin-orbit coupling to the diamond system. From ultra-high resolution transmission electron microscopy, the internal symmetry of the grain boundary structure of HBDDF is revealed, which can explain these films’ unconventional superconducting transport features. Here, we show the signature of the anisotropic Δ in HBDDF by breaking the structural symmetry in a layered microstructure, enabling a Rashba-type spin-orbit coupling. The superlattice-like structure in diamond describes a modulation that explains strong insulator peak features observed in temperature-dependent resistance, a transition of the magnetic field-dependent resistance, and their oscillatory, as well as angle-dependent, features. Overall, the interface states of the diamond films can be explained by the well-known Shockley model describing the layers connected by vortex-like structures, hence forming a topologically protected system.
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14
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Luo K, Liu B, Hu W, Dong X, Wang Y, Huang Q, Gao Y, Sun L, Zhao Z, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Ma M, Zhou XF, He J, Yu D, Liu Z, Xu B, Tian Y. Coherent interfaces govern direct transformation from graphite to diamond. Nature 2022; 607:486-491. [PMID: 35794481 PMCID: PMC9300464 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04863-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the direct transformation from graphite to diamond has been a long-standing challenge with great scientific and practical importance. Previously proposed transformation mechanisms1–3, based on traditional experimental observations that lacked atomistic resolution, cannot account for the complex nanostructures occurring at graphite−diamond interfaces during the transformation4,5. Here we report the identification of coherent graphite−diamond interfaces, which consist of four basic structural motifs, in partially transformed graphite samples recovered from static compression, using high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy. These observations provide insight into possible pathways of the transformation. Theoretical calculations confirm that transformation through these coherent interfaces is energetically favoured compared with those through other paths previously proposed1–3. The graphite-to-diamond transformation is governed by the formation of nanoscale coherent interfaces (diamond nucleation), which, under static compression, advance to consume the remaining graphite (diamond growth). These results may also shed light on transformation mechanisms of other carbon materials and boron nitride under different synthetic conditions. The discovery of graphite–diamond hybrid carbon, Gradia, which consists of graphite and diamond nanodomains interlocked through coherent interfaces, clarifies the long-standing mystery of how graphite turns into diamond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Luo
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China.,Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xiao Dong
- School of Physics and MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Quan Huang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yufei Gao
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zhisheng Zhao
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China.
| | - Yingju Wu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China.,Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China.,Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Mengdong Ma
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xiang-Feng Zhou
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Julong He
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Dongli Yu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yongjun Tian
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
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15
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Zhang S, Li Z, Luo K, He J, Gao Y, Soldatov AV, Benavides V, Shi K, Nie A, Zhang B, Hu W, Ma M, Liu Y, Wen B, Gao G, Liu B, Zhang Y, Shu Y, Yu D, Zhou XF, Zhao Z, Xu B, Su L, Yang G, Chernogorova OP, Tian Y. Discovery of carbon-based strongest and hardest amorphous material. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwab140. [PMID: 35070330 PMCID: PMC8776544 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon is one of the most fascinating elements due to its structurally diverse allotropic forms stemming from its bonding varieties (sp, sp 2 and sp 3). Exploring new forms of carbon has been the eternal theme of scientific research. Herein, we report on amorphous (AM) carbon materials with a high fraction of sp 3 bonding recovered from compression of fullerene C60 under high pressure and high temperature, previously unexplored. Analysis of photoluminescence and absorption spectra demonstrates that they are semiconducting with a bandgap range of 1.5-2.2 eV, comparable to that of widely used AM silicon. Comprehensive mechanical tests demonstrate that synthesized AM-III carbon is the hardest and strongest AM material known to date, and can scratch diamond crystal and approach its strength. The produced AM carbon materials combine outstanding mechanical and electronic properties, and may potentially be used in photovoltaic applications that require ultrahigh strength and wear resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Zhang
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Zihe Li
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Kun Luo
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Julong He
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yufei Gao
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Alexander V Soldatov
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Vicente Benavides
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå SE-97187, Sweden
| | - Kaiyuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Anmin Nie
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Mengdong Ma
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Bin Wen
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Guoying Gao
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yu Shu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Dongli Yu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xiang-Feng Zhou
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Zhisheng Zhao
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Lei Su
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Olga P Chernogorova
- Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Yongjun Tian
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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16
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Shellaiah M, Sun KW. Diamond-Based Electrodes for Detection of Metal Ions and Anions. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 12:nano12010064. [PMID: 35010014 PMCID: PMC8746347 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diamond electrodes have long been a well-known candidate in electrochemical analyte detection. Nano- and micro-level modifications on the diamond electrodes can lead to diverse analytical applications. Doping of crystalline diamond allows the fabrication of suitable electrodes towards specific analyte monitoring. In particular, boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes have been reported for metal ions, anions, biomolecules, drugs, beverage hazards, pesticides, organic molecules, dyes, growth stimulant, etc., with exceptional performance in discriminations. Therefore, numerous reviews on the diamond electrode-based sensory utilities towards the specified analyte quantifications were published by many researchers. However, reviews on the nanodiamond-based electrodes for metal ions and anions are still not readily available nowadays. To advance the development of diamond electrodes towards the detection of diverse metal ions and anions, it is essential to provide clear and focused information on the diamond electrode synthesis, structure, and electrical properties. This review provides indispensable information on the diamond-based electrodes towards the determination of metal ions and anions.
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17
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Extreme mechanical anisotropy in diamond with preferentially oriented nanotwin bundles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2108340118. [PMID: 34782460 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108340118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical properties of covalent materials can be greatly enhanced with strategy of nanostructuring. For example, the nanotwinned diamond with an isotropic microstructure of interweaved nanotwins and interlocked nanograins shows unprecedented isotropic mechanical properties. How the anisotropic microstructure would impact on the mechanical properties of diamond has not been fully investigated. Here, we report the synthesis of diamond from superaligned multiwalled carbon nanotube films under high pressure and high temperature. Structural characterization reveals preferentially oriented diamond nanotwin bundles with an average twin thickness of ca. 2.9 nm, inherited from the directional nanotubes. This diamond exhibits extreme mechanical anisotropy correlated with its microstructure (e.g., the average Knoop hardness values measured with the major axis of the indenter perpendicular and parallel to nanotwin bundles are 233 ± 8 and 129 ± 9 GPa, respectively). Molecular dynamics simulation reveals that, in the direction perpendicular to the nanotwin bundles, the dense twin boundaries significantly hinder the motion of dislocations under indentation, while such a resistance is much weaker in the direction along the nanotwin bundles. Current work verifies the hardening effect in diamond via nanostructuring. In addition, the mechanical properties can be further tuned (anisotropy) with microstructure design and modification.
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18
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Abstract
Solids in nature can be generally classified into crystalline and non-crystalline states1-7, depending on whether long-range lattice periodicity is present in the material. The differentiation of the two states, however, could face fundamental challenges if the degree of long-range order in crystals is significantly reduced. Here we report a paracrystalline state of diamond that is distinct from either crystalline or amorphous diamond8-10. The paracrystalline diamond reported in this work, consisting of sub-nanometre-sized paracrystallites that possess a well-defined crystalline medium-range order up to a few atomic shells4,5,11-13, was synthesized in high-pressure high-temperature conditions (for example, 30 GPa and 1,600 K) employing face-centred cubic C60 as a precursor. The structural characteristics of the paracrystalline diamond were identified through a combination of X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission microscopy and advanced molecular dynamics simulation. The formation of paracrystalline diamond is a result of densely distributed nucleation sites developed in compressed C60 as well as pronounced second-nearest-neighbour short-range order in amorphous diamond due to strong sp3 bonding. The discovery of paracrystalline diamond adds an unusual diamond form to the enriched carbon family14-16, which exhibits distinguishing physical properties and can be furthered exploited to develop new materials. Furthermore, this work reveals the missing link in the length scale between amorphous and crystalline states across the structural landscape, having profound implications for recognizing complex structures arising from amorphous materials.
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19
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Bilal M, Cheng H, González-González RB, Parra-Saldívar R, Iqbal HM. Bio-applications and biotechnological applications of nanodiamonds. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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20
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Zhang C, Chen X, Ho SH. Wastewater treatment nexus: Carbon nanomaterials towards potential aquatic ecotoxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:125959. [PMID: 33990041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) provide an effective solution and a novel advancement for wastewater treatment. In this review, a total of 3823 bibliographic records derived from recent 10 years are visualized based on scientometric analysis. The results indicate metal-free CNMs-mediated advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) might be a motive force to develop CNMs application for wastewater treatment; however, corresponding evaluations of aquatic toxicity still lack sufficient attention. Therefore, recent breakthroughs and topical innovations related to prevalent wastewater treatment technologies (i.e., adsorption, catalysis and membrane separation) using three typical dimensional CNMs (nanodiamonds, carbon nanotubes, and graphene-based nanomaterials) are comprehensively summarized in-depth, along with a compendious introduction to some novel techniques (e.g., computational simulation) for identifying reaction mechanisms. Then, current research focusing on CNMs-associated aquatic toxicity is discussed thoroughly, mainly demonstrating: (1) the adverse effects on aquatic organisms should not be overlooked prior to large-scale CNMs application; (2) divergent consequences can be further reduced if the ecological niche of aquatic organisms is emphasized; and (3) further investigations on joint toxicity can provide greater beneficial insight into realistic exposure scenarios. Finally, ongoing challenges and developmental directions of CNMs-based wastewater treatment and evaluation of its aquatic toxicity are pinpointed and shaped in terms of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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21
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Zhang C, Chen X, Chou WC, Ho SH. Phytotoxic effect and molecular mechanism induced by nanodiamonds towards aquatic Chlorella pyrenoidosa by integrating regular and transcriptomic analyses. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:129473. [PMID: 33401071 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The growing diverse applications of nanodiamonds (NDs), especially as adsorbents and catalysts for wastewater treatment, have significantly increased their discharge and potential risk towards aquatic ecosystems. Although NDs have been certified for superior biocompatibility and lower toxicity towards numerous human cell lines, the characteristic response and underlying mechanism of aquatic microalgal response remains unclear. Here, the response of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to five concentrations of NDs was thoroughly investigated by comprehensive phenotypic and transcriptional examinations. Results indicated that higher concentration of NDs (50 mg/L) induced 75.4% growth inhibition, exacerbated oxidative stress and malformed morphology of microalgae after 48 h exposure. Meanwhile, the aggregated microalgae formed several flocs, apparently under 50 mg/L NDs. Noticeably, photosynthesis was susceptible to the NDs exposure. Although, the chlorophyll content and genes involved in photosynthesis were significantly improved by NDs, the results obtained from the photochemical parameters indicated that the excessive electrons during photosynthesis might be a pivotal reason for oxidative stress generation. Additionally, the genes included in amino acids metabolism and protein synthesis were up-regulated to alleviate the oxidative stress. Collectively, this work discloses the explicit molecular mechanisms of aquatic microalgae and provides comprehensive insights of potential aqueous environmental risk of gradually emergent NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Xudong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Wei-Chun Chou
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, United States
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
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22
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Romi S, Fanetti S, Alabarse F, Mio AM, Bini R. Synthesis of double core chromophore-functionalized nanothreads by compressing azobenzene in a diamond anvil cell. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7048-7057. [PMID: 34123332 PMCID: PMC8153222 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06968j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanothreads are likely the most attracting new materials produced under high pressure conditions. Their synthesis is achieved by compressing crystals of different small aromatic molecules, while also exploiting the applied anisotropic stress to favor nontopochemical paths. The threads are nanometric hollow structures of saturated carbon atoms, reminiscent of the starting aromatic molecule, gathered in micron sized bundles. The examples collected so far suggest that their formation can be a general phenomenon, thus enabling the design of functionalities and properties by suitably choosing the starting monomer on the basis of its chemical properties and crystal arrangement. The presence of heteroatoms or unsaturation within the thread is appealing for improving the processability and tuning the electronic properties. Suitable simple chromophores can fulfill these requirements and their controlled insertion along the thread would represent a considerable step forward in tailoring the optical and electronic properties of these mechanically extraordinary materials. Here, we report the synthesis and extensive characterization of double core nanothreads linked by azo groups. This is achieved by compressing azobenzene in a diamond anvil cell, the archetype of a wide class of dyes, and represents a fundamental step in the realization of nanothreads with tailored photochemical and photophysical properties. One-step high-pressure synthesis of 2D crystalline double nanothreads linked by azo groups.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Romi
- LENS, European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy Via N. Carrara 1 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze Italy +390554572489 +390554572436
| | - Samuele Fanetti
- LENS, European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy Via N. Carrara 1 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze Italy +390554572489 +390554572436.,ICCOM-CNR, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici Via Madonna del Piano 10 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze Italy
| | - Frederico Alabarse
- ELETTRA, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A in AREA Science Park 34149 Basovizza Trieste Italy
| | - Antonio M Mio
- IMM-CNR, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi VIII Strada 5 - Zona Industriale 95121 Catania Italy
| | - Roberto Bini
- LENS, European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy Via N. Carrara 1 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze Italy +390554572489 +390554572436.,ICCOM-CNR, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici Via Madonna del Piano 10 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università di Firenze Via della Lastruccia 3 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
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23
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Lin K, Fang H, Gao A, Yu H, Wang L, Yu Q, Gu L, Zhang Q, Li J, Jiang W. Nanoburl Graphites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007513. [PMID: 33738845 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A critical challenge for the application of graphite is low strength, which originates from the easy cleavage of graphite (0002) planes. Inspired by the burl strengthening mechanism observed in tree trunks, nanodiamond particles converted into graphite onions are used as "nanoburls" embedded in graphite (0002) lattice planes to eliminate the graphite (0002) plane cleavage of bulk graphites prepared by spark plasma sintering from graphite powders. Covalent bonds are built between carbon atoms by sp3 hybridization at the interface between the graphite onions and flakes, which triggers an electron redistribution to form positive/negative charge domains within. Thus, pairs of pseudo-Schottky junctions are created by the hybridization, which further enhances the bonding between the graphite onions and flakes. With these bonding mechanisms, and with voids between the graphite powders filled in by the volume expansion associated with the change of nanodiamonds to the graphite onions, the loose compaction of graphite powder becomes consolidated at 1700 °C. The proposed nanoburl mechanism shows its potential and bestows the nanoburl graphites with strength five times that of conventional graphites prepared from graphite powders. The concept of nanoburl strengthening can be important in the microstructural design and property enhancement of other layered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Hailiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibres and Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Ang Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Lianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibres and Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 312227, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianlin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Wan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibres and Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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