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Liu X, Tan H, Stråka E, Hu X, Chen M, van Dijken S, Scacchi A, Sammalkorpi M, Ikkala O, Peng B. Trainable bioinspired magnetic sensitivity adaptation using ferromagnetic colloidal assemblies. CELL REPORTS. PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2024; 5:101923. [PMID: 38680545 PMCID: PMC11043831 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.101923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Nature has already suggested bioinspired functions. Beyond them, adaptive and trainable functions could be the inspiration for novel responsive soft matter beyond the state-of-the-art classic static bioinspired, stimulus-responsive, and shape-memory materials. Here, we describe magnetic assembly/disassembly of electrically conducting soft ferromagnetic nickel colloidal particles into surface topographical pillars for bistable electrical trainable memories. They allow magnetic sensing with adaptable and rescalable sensitivity ranges, enabled by bistable memories and kinetic concepts inspired by biological sensory adaptations. Based on the soft ferromagnetism of the nanogranular composition and the resulting rough particle surfaces prepared via a solvothermal synthesis, triggerable structural memory is achieved by the magnetic field-driven particle assembly and disassembly, promoted by interparticle jamming. Electrical conversion from current to frequency for electrical spikes facilitates rescalable and trainable frequency-based sensitivity on magnetic fields. This work suggests an avenue for designing trainable and adaptable life-inspired materials, for example, for soft robotics and interactive autonomous devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhu Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Hongwei Tan
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Emil Stråka
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Xichen Hu
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Materials Science, Advanced Coatings Research Center of Ministry of Education of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Sebastiaan van Dijken
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Alberto Scacchi
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department of Materials Science, Advanced Coatings Research Center of Ministry of Education of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Zhang H, Zeng H, Eklund A, Guo H, Priimagi A, Ikkala O. Feedback-controlled hydrogels with homeostatic oscillations and dissipative signal transduction. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:1303-1310. [PMID: 36443600 PMCID: PMC9747616 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Driving systems out of equilibrium under feedback control is characteristic for living systems, where homeostasis and dissipative signal transduction facilitate complex responses. This feature not only inspires dissipative dynamic functionalities in synthetic systems but also poses great challenges in designing novel pathways. Here we report feedback-controlled systems comprising two coupled hydrogels driven by constant light, where the system can be tuned to undergo stable homeostatic self-oscillations or damped steady states of temperature. We demonstrate that stable temperature oscillations can be utilized for dynamic colours and cargo transport, whereas damped steady states enable signal transduction pathways. Here mechanical triggers cause temperature changes that lead to responses such as bending motions inspired by the single-touch mechanoresponse in Mimosa pudica and the frequency-gated snapping motion inspired by the plant arithmetic in the Venus flytrap. The proposed concepts suggest generalizable feedback pathways for dissipative dynamic materials and interactive soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hao Zeng
- Smart Photonic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Amanda Eklund
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hongshuang Guo
- Smart Photonic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arri Priimagi
- Smart Photonic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
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Liu X, Tan H, Rigoni C, Hartikainen T, Asghar N, van Dijken S, Timonen JVI, Peng B, Ikkala O. Magnetic field-driven particle assembly and jamming for bistable memory and response plasticity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadc9394. [PMID: 36367936 PMCID: PMC9651856 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc9394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Unlike classic synthetic stimulus-responsive and shape-memory materials, which remain limited to fixed responses, the responses of living systems dynamically adapt based on the repetition, intensity, and history of stimuli. Such plasticity is ubiquitous in biology, which is profoundly linked to memory and learning. Concepts thereof are searched for rudimentary forms of "intelligent materials." Here, we show plasticity of electroconductivity in soft ferromagnetic nickel colloidal supraparticles with spiny surfaces, assembling/disassembling to granular conducting micropillars between two electrodes driven by magnetic field B. Colloidal jamming leads to conduction hysteresis and bistable memory upon increasing and subsequently decreasing B. Abrupt B changes induce larger conduction changes than gradual B-changes. Periodic B pulsing drives to frequency-dependent facilitation or suppression of conductivity compared to exposing the same constant field. The concepts allow remotely controlled switching plasticity, illustrated by a rudimentary device. More generally, we foresee adaptive functional materials inspired by response plasticity and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo Peng
- Corresponding author. (B.P.); (O.I.)
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