1
|
Tang C, Su M, Lu T, Zheng J, Wang J, Zhou Y, Zou YL, Liu W, Huang R, Xu W, Chen L, Zhang Y, Bai J, Yang Y, Shi J, Liu J, Hong W. Massive acceleration of S N2 reaction using the oriented external electric field. Chem Sci 2024; 15:13486-13494. [PMID: 39183916 PMCID: PMC11339978 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03759f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleophilic substitution is one of the most fundamental chemical reactions, and the pursuit of high reaction rates of the reaction is one of the ultimate goals in catalytic and organic chemistry. The reaction barrier of the nucleophilic substitution originates from the highly polar nature of the transition state that can be stabilized under the electric field created by the solvent environment. However, the intensity of the induced solvent-electric field is relatively small due to the random orientation of solvent molecules, which hinders the catalytic effects and restricts the reaction rates. This work shows that oriented external electric fields applied within a confined nanogap between two nanoscopic tips could accelerate the Menshutkin reaction by more than four orders of magnitude (over 39 000 times). The theoretical calculations reveal that the electric field inside the nanogap reduces the energy barrier to increase the reaction rate. Our work suggests the great potential of electrostatic catalysis for green synthesis in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Meiling Su
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Taige Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Jueting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Juejun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Yu-Ling Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Wenqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Ruiyun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Lijue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Yanxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University Xiamen China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lu Z, Hou S, Lin R, Shi J, Wu Q, Lin L, Shi J, Yang Y, Lambert C, Hong W. Conductance Quantization in 2D Semi-Metallic Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311491. [PMID: 38682729 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Conductance quantization of 2D materials is significant for understanding the charge transport at the atomic scale, which provides a platform to manipulate the quantum states, showing promising applications for nanoelectronics and memristors. However, the conventional methods for investigating conductance quantization are only applicable to materials consisting of one element, such as metal and graphene. The experimental observation of conductance quantization in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with complex compositions and structures remains a challenge. To address this issue, an approach is proposed to characterize the charge transport across a single atom in TMDCs by integrating in situ synthesized 1T'-WTe2 electrodes with scanning tunneling microscope break junction (STM-BJ) technique. The quantized conductance of 1T'-WTe2 is measured for the first time, and the quantum states can be modulated by stretching speed and solvent. Combined with theoretical calculations, the evolution of quantized and corresponding configurations during the break junction process is demonstrated. This work provides a facile and reliable avenue to characterize and modulate conductance quantization of 2D materials, intensively expanding the research scope of quantum effects in diverse materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Songjun Hou
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Rongjian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Luchun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Colin Lambert
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sülzle J, Yang W, Shimoda Y, Ronceray N, Mayner E, Manley S, Radenovic A. Label-Free Imaging of DNA Interactions with 2D Materials. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:737-744. [PMID: 38405387 PMCID: PMC10885193 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer potential as substrates for biosensing devices, as their properties can be engineered to tune interactions between the surface and biomolecules. Yet, not many methods can measure these interactions in a liquid environment without introducing labeling agents such as fluorophores. In this work, we harness interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy, a label-free imaging technique, to investigate the interactions of single molecules of long dsDNA with 2D materials. The millisecond temporal resolution of iSCAT allows us to capture the transient interactions and to observe the dynamics of unlabeled DNA binding to a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) surface in solution for extended periods (including a fraction of 10%, of trajectories lasting longer than 110 ms). Using a focused ion beam technique to engineer defects, we find that DNA binding affinity is enhanced at defects; when exposed to long lanes, DNA binds preferentially at the lane edges. Overall, we demonstrate that iSCAT imaging is a useful tool to study how biomolecules interact with 2D materials, a key component in engineering future biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Sülzle
- Institute
of Physics and Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Experimental
Biophysics (LEB), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Wayne Yang
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology (LBEN), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Yuta Shimoda
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology (LBEN), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Nathan Ronceray
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology (LBEN), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Eveline Mayner
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology (LBEN), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Suliana Manley
- Institute
of Physics and Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Experimental
Biophysics (LEB), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Radenovic
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology (LBEN), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou P, Fu Y, Wang M, Qiu R, Wang Y, Stoddart JF, Wang Y, Chen H. Robust Single-Supermolecule Switches Operating in Response to Two Different Noncovalent Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18800-18811. [PMID: 37590178 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular electronics provide an opportunity to introduce molecular assemblies into electronic devices through a combination of noncovalent interactions such as [π···π] and hydrogen-bonding interactions. The fidelity and dynamics of noncovalent interactions hold considerable promise when it comes to building devices with controllable and reproducible switching functions. Here, we demonstrate a strategy for building electronically robust switches by harnessing two different noncovalent interactions between a couple of pyridine derivatives. The single-supermolecule switch is turned ON when compressing the junction enabling [π···π] interactions to dominate the transport, while the switch is turned OFF by stretching the junction to form hydrogen-bonded dimers, leading to a dramatic decrease in conductance. The robustness and reproducibility of these single-supermolecule switches were achieved by modulating the junction with Ångström precision at frequencies of up to 190 Hz while obtaining high ON/OFF ratios of ∼600. The research presented herein opens up an avenue for designing robust bistable mechanoresponsive devices which will find applications in the building of integrated circuits for microelectromechanical systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Yanjun Fu
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Maolin Wang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Renhui Qiu
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yuping Wang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Homma K, Kaneko S, Tsukagoshi K, Nishino T. Intermolecular and Electrode-Molecule Bonding in a Single Dimer Junction of Naphthalenethiol as Revealed by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Combined with Transport Measurements. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37437895 PMCID: PMC10375526 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Electron transport through noncovalent interaction is of fundamental and practical importance in nanomaterials and nanodevices. Recent single-molecule studies employing single-molecule junctions have revealed unique electron transport properties through noncovalent interactions, especially those through a π-π interaction. However, the relationship between the junction structure and electron transport remains elusive due to the insufficient knowledge of geometric structures. In this article, we employ surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) synchronized with current-voltage (I-V) measurements to characterize the junction structure, together with the transport properties, of a single dimer and monomer junction of naphthalenethiol, the former of which was formed by the intermolecular π-π interaction. The correlation analysis of the vibrational energy and electrical conductance enables identifying the intermolecular and molecule-electrode interactions in these molecular junctions and, consequently, addressing the transport properties exclusively associated with the π-π interaction. In addition, the analysis achieved discrimination of the interaction between the NT molecule and the Au electrode of the junction, i.e., Au-π interactions through-π coupling and though-space coupling. The power density spectra support the noncovalent character at the interfaces in the molecular junctions. These results demonstrate that the simultaneous SERS and I-V technique provides a unique means for the structural and electrical investigation of noncovalent interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanji Homma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tsukagoshi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nishino
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li T, Bandari VK, Schmidt OG. Molecular Electronics: Creating and Bridging Molecular Junctions and Promoting Its Commercialization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209088. [PMID: 36512432 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular electronics is driven by the dream of expanding Moore's law to the molecular level for next-generation electronics through incorporating individual or ensemble molecules into electronic circuits. For nearly 50 years, numerous efforts have been made to explore the intrinsic properties of molecules and develop diverse fascinating molecular electronic devices with the desired functionalities. The flourishing of molecular electronics is inseparable from the development of various elegant methodologies for creating nanogap electrodes and bridging the nanogap with molecules. This review first focuses on the techniques for making lateral and vertical nanogap electrodes by breaking, narrowing, and fixed modes, and highlights their capabilities, applications, merits, and shortcomings. After summarizing the approaches of growing single molecules or molecular layers on the electrodes, the methods of constructing a complete molecular circuit are comprehensively grouped into three categories: 1) directly bridging one-molecule-electrode component with another electrode, 2) physically bridging two-molecule-electrode components, and 3) chemically bridging two-molecule-electrode components. Finally, the current state of molecular circuit integration and commercialization is discussed and perspectives are provided, hoping to encourage the community to accelerate the realization of fully scalable molecular electronics for a new era of integrated microsystems and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Li
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Vineeth Kumar Bandari
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
- Nanophysics, Dresden University of Technology, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang C, Yang C, Guo Y, Feng J, Guo X. Graphene-molecule-graphene single-molecule junctions to detect electronic reactions at the molecular scale. Nat Protoc 2023:10.1038/s41596-023-00822-x. [PMID: 37045993 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00822-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability to measure the behavior of a single molecule during a reaction implies the detection of inherent dynamic and static disordered states, which may not be represented when measuring ensemble averages. Here, we describe the building of devices with graphene-molecule-graphene single-molecule junctions integrated into an electrical circuit. These devices are simple to build and are stable, showing tolerance to mechanical changes, solution environment and voltage stimulation. The design of a conductive channel based on a single molecule enables single-molecule detection and is sensitive to variations in physical properties and chemical structures of the detected molecules. The on-chip setup of single-molecule junctions further offers complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility, enabling logic functions in circuit elements, as well as deciphering of reaction intermediates. We detail the experimental procedure to prepare graphene transistor arrays as a basis for single-molecule junctions and the preparation of nanogapped carboxyl-terminal graphene electrodes by using electron-beam lithography and oxygen plasma etching. We describe the basic design of a molecular bridge with desired functions and terminals to form covalent bonds with electrode arrays, via a chemical reaction, to construct stably integrated single-molecule devices with a yield of 30-50% per chip. The immobilization of the single molecules is then characterized by using inelastic electron tunneling spectra, single-molecule imaging and fluorescent spectra. The whole protocol can be implemented within 2 weeks and requires users trained in using ultra-clean laboratory facilities and the aforementioned instrumentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Centre, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyao Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Centre, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Centre, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Centre, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Centre, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Centre of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li X, Ge W, Guo S, Bai J, Hong W. Characterization and Application of Supramolecular Junctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216819. [PMID: 36585932 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The convergence of supramolecular chemistry and single-molecule electronics offers a new perspective on supramolecular electronics, and provides a new avenue toward understanding and application of intermolecular charge transport at the molecular level. In this review, we will provide an overview of the advances in the characterization technique for the investigation of intermolecular charge transport, and summarize the experimental investigation of several non-covalent interactions, including π-π stacking interactions, hydrogen bonding, host-guest interactions and σ-σ interactions at the single-molecule level. We will also provide a perspective on supramolecular electronics and discuss the potential applications and future challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wenhui Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shuhan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zou YL, Liang QM, Lu T, Li YG, Zhao S, Gao J, Yang ZX, Feng A, Shi J, Hong W, Tian ZQ, Yang Y. A van der Waals heterojunction strategy to fabricate layer-by-layer single-molecule switch. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf0425. [PMID: 36753541 PMCID: PMC9908013 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule electronics offer a unique strategy for the miniaturization of electronic devices. However, the existing experiments are limited to the conventional molecular junctions, where a molecule anchors to the electrode pair with linkers. With such a rod-like configuration, the minimum size of the device is defined by the length of the molecule. Here, by incorporating a single molecule with two single-layer graphene electrodes, we fabricated layer-by-layer single-molecule heterojunctions called single-molecule two-dimensional van der Waals heterojunctions (M-2D-vdWHs), of which the sizes are defined by the thickness of the molecule. We controlled the conformation of the M-2D-vdWHs and the cross-plane charge transport through them with the applied electric field and established that they can serve as reversible switches. Our results demonstrate that the M-2D-vdWHs, as stacked from single-layer 2D materials and a single molecule, can respond to electric field stimulus, which promises a diverse class of single-molecule devices with unprecedented size.
Collapse
|
10
|
Gupta R, Fereiro JA, Bayat A, Pritam A, Zharnikov M, Mondal PC. Nanoscale molecular rectifiers. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:106-122. [PMID: 37117915 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00457-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of molecules bridged between two electrodes as a stable rectifier is an important goal in molecular electronics. Until recently, however, and despite extensive experimental and theoretical work, many aspects of our fundamental understanding and practical challenges have remained unresolved and prevented the realization of such devices. Recent advances in custom-designed molecular systems with rectification ratios exceeding 105 have now made these systems potentially competitive with existing silicon-based devices. Here, we provide an overview and critical analysis of recent progress in molecular rectification within single molecules, self-assembled monolayers, molecular multilayers, heterostructures, and metal-organic frameworks and coordination polymers. Examples of conceptually important and best-performing systems are discussed, alongside their rectification mechanisms. We present an outlook for the field, as well as prospects for the commercialization of molecular rectifiers.
Collapse
|
11
|
García-Suárez VM. Thermoelectric Response Enhanced by Surface/Edge States in Physical Nanogaps. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16020660. [PMID: 36676397 PMCID: PMC9867230 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Current solid-state thermoelectric converters have poor performance, which typically renders them useless for practical applications. This problem is evidenced by the small figures of merit of typical thermoelectric materials, which tend to be much smaller than 1. Increasing this parameter is then key for the development of functional devices in technologically viable applications that can work optimally. We propose here a feasible and effective design of new thermoelectric systems based on physical gaps in nanoscale junctions. We show that, depending on the type of features, i.e., the character of surface/edge states, on both sides of the gap, it is possible to achieve high figures of merit. In particular, we show that, for configurations that have localized states at the surfaces/edges, which translate into sharp resonances in the transmission, it is possible to achieve large Seebeck coefficients and figures of merit by carefully tuning their energy and their coupling to other states. We calculate the thermoelectric coefficients as a function of different parameters and find non-obvious behaviors, such as the existence of a certain coupling between the localized and bulk states for which these quantities have a maximum. The highest Seebeck coefficients and figures of merit are achieved for symmetric junctions, which have the same coupling between the localized state and the bulk states on both sides of the gap. The features and trends of the thermoelectric properties and their changes with various parameters that we find here can be applied not only to systems with nanogaps but also to many other nanoscale junctions, such as those that have surface states or states localized near the contacts between the nanoscale object and the electrodes. The model presented here can, therefore, be used to characterize and predict the thermoelectric properties of many different nanoscale junctions and can also serve as a guide for studying other systems. These results pave the way for the design and fabrication of stable next-generation thermoelectric devices with robust features and improved performance.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The field of molecular electronics has grown rapidly since its experimental realization in the late 1990s, with thousands of publications on how molecules can act as circuit components and the possibility of extending microelectronic miniaturization. Our research group developed molecular junctions (MJs) using conducting carbon electrodes and covalent bonding, which provide excellent temperature tolerance and operational lifetimes. A carbon-based MJ based on quantum mechanical tunneling for electronic music represents the world's first commercial application of molecular electronics, with >3000 units currently in consumer hands. The all-carbon MJ consisting of aromatic molecules and oligomers between vapor-deposited carbon electrodes exploits covalent, C-C bonding which avoids the electromigration problem of metal contacts. The high bias and temperature stability as well as partial transparency of the all-carbon MJ permit a wide range of experiments to determine charge transport mechanisms and observe photoeffects to both characterize and stimulate operating MJs. As shown in the Conspectus figure, our group has reported a variety of electronic functions, many of which do not have analogs in conventional semiconductors. Much of the described research is oriented toward the rational design of electronic functions, in which electronic characteristics are determined by molecular structure.In addition to the fabrication of molecular electronic devices with sufficient stability and operating life for practical applications, our approach was directed at two principal questions: how do electrons move through molecules that are components of an electronic circuit, and what can we do with molecules that we cannot do with existing semiconductor technology? The central component is the molecular junction consisting of a 1-20+ nm layer of covalently bonded oligomers between two electrodes of conducting, mainly sp2-hybridized carbon. In addition to describing the unique junction structure and fabrication methods, this Account summarizes the valuable insights available from photons used both as probes of device structure and dynamics and as prods to stimulate resonant transport through molecular orbitals.Short-range (<5 nm) transport by tunneling and its properties are discussed separately from the longer-range transport (5-60 nm) which bridges the gap between tunneling and transport in widely studied organic semiconductors. Most molecular electronic studies deal with the <5 nm thickness range, where coherent tunneling is generally accepted as the dominant transport mechanism. However, the rational design of devices in this range by changing molecular structure is frustrated by electronic interactions with the conducting contacts, resulting in weak structural effects on electronic behavior. When the molecular layer thickness exceeds 5 nm, transport characteristics change completely since molecular orbitals become the conduits for transport. Incident photons can stimulate transport, with the observed photocurrent tracking the absorption spectrum of the molecular layer. Low-temperature, activationless transport of photogenerated carriers is possible for up to at least 60 nm, with characteristics completely distinct from coherent tunneling and from the hopping mechanisms proposed for organic semiconductors. The Account closes with examples of phenomena and applications enabled by molecular electronics which may augment conventional microelectronics with chemical functions such as redox charge storage, orbital transport, and energy-selective photodetection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard L McCreery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li P, Hou S, Alharbi B, Wu Q, Chen Y, Zhou L, Gao T, Li R, Yang L, Chang X, Dong G, Liu X, Decurtins S, Liu SX, Hong W, Lambert CJ, Jia C, Guo X. Quantum Interference-Controlled Conductance Enhancement in Stacked Graphene-like Dimers. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15689-15697. [PMID: 35930760 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stacking interactions are of significant importance in the fields of chemistry, biology, and material optoelectronics because they determine the efficiency of charge transfer between molecules and their quantum states. Previous studies have proven that when two monomers are π-stacked in series to form a dimer, the electrical conductance of the dimer is significantly lower than that of the monomer. Here, we present a strong opposite case that when two anthanthrene monomers are π-stacked to form a dimer in a scanning tunneling microscopic break junction, the conductance increases by as much as 25 in comparison with a monomer, which originates from a room-temperature quantum interference. Remarkably, both theory and experiment consistently reveal that this effect can be reversed by changing the connectivity of external electrodes to the monomer core. These results demonstrate that synthetic control of connectivity to molecular cores can be combined with stacking interactions between their π systems to modify and optimize charge transfer between molecules, opening up a wide variety of potential applications ranging from organic optoelectronics and photovoltaics to nanoelectronics and single-molecule electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peihui Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Songjun Hou
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Bader Alharbi
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK.,Department of Physics, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 16278, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Yijian Chen
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Tengyang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Ruihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Lan Yang
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Chang
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Gang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xunshan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Silvio Decurtins
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shi-Xia Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Electron-transfer kinetics through nucleic acids untangled by single-molecular fluorescence blinking. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
Zhang H, Xu W, Song K, Lu T, Zhang G, Zang Y, Hong W, Zhang D. Dual Modulation of Single Molecule Conductance via Tuning Side Chains and Electric Field with Conjugated Molecules Entailing Intramolecular O•••S Interactions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105667. [PMID: 35434941 PMCID: PMC9189668 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, single-molecule conductance studies of TBT1-TBT6 which entails 1,4-dithienylbenzene as the backbone and SMe groups as the anchoring units, with the scanning tunneling microscope break junction (STM-BJ) technique, are reported. The molecular conductance of TBT1 with intramolecular O•••S noncovalent interactions is enhanced by about one order of magnitude in comparison to their analogue TBT2 (which contains alkyl instead of alkoxy chains). By replacing the methoxy groups in TBT1 with extending alkoxy chains in TBT3, TBT4, and TBT5, the molecular backbones become twisted and as a consequence the single-molecule conductance decreases gradually, showing that the intramolecular O•••S noncovalent interaction is influenced by the structural features of alkoxy chains. More importantly, the single-molecule conductance of TBT3, TBT4, and TBT5 can be boosted by increasing the electric field applied to the molecular junctions. Remarkably, the conductance of TBT3, TBT4, and TBT5 can be reversibly modulated due to the conformational changes between twisted and planar ones by varying the electric field. These results demonstrate that molecules with intramolecular O•••S noncovalent interactions have the potential for in situ control of the electrical properties of molecular-scale devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
| | - Kai Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Taige Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yaping Zang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Bias-Voltage Dependence of Tunneling Decay Coefficient and Barrier Height in Arylalkane Molecular Junctions with Graphene Contacts as a Protecting Interlayer. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12060767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We studied a molecular junction with arylalkane self-assembled monolayers sandwiched between two graphene contacts. The arrangement of graphene-based molecular junctions provides a stable device structure with a high yield and allows for extensive transport measurements at 78 K. We observed a temperature-independent current density–voltage (J–V) characteristic and the exponential dependency of the current density on the molecular length, proving that the charge transport occurs by non-resonant tunneling through the molecular barrier. Based on the Simmons model, the bias-voltage dependence of the decay coefficient and barrier height was extracted from variable-length transport characterizations. The J–V data measured were simulated by the Simmons model, which was modified with the barrier lowering induced by the bias voltage. Indeed, there isno need for adjustable fitting parameters. The resulting simulation was in remarkable consistency with experimental measurements over a full bias range up to |V| ≤ 1.5 V for the case of graphene/arylalkane/graphene heterojunctions. Our findings clearly showed the demonstration of stable and reliable molecular junctions with graphene contacts and their intrinsic charge transport characteristics, as well as justifying the application of the voltage-induced barrier lowering approximation to the graphene-based molecular junction.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhao S, Deng ZY, Albalawi S, Wu Q, Chen L, Zhang H, Zhao XJ, Hou H, Hou S, Dong G, Yang Y, Shi J, Lambert CJ, Tan YZ, Hong W. Charge transport through single-molecule bilayer-graphene junctions with atomic thickness. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5854-5859. [PMID: 35685781 PMCID: PMC9132082 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc07024j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The van der Waals interactions (vdW) between π-conjugated molecules offer new opportunities for fabricating heterojunction-based devices and investigating charge transport in heterojunctions with atomic thickness. In this work, we fabricate sandwiched single-molecule bilayer-graphene junctions via vdW interactions and characterize their electrical transport properties by employing the cross-plane break junction (XPBJ) technique. The experimental results show that the cross-plane charge transport through single-molecule junctions is determined by the size and layer number of molecular graphene in these junctions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the charge transport through molecular graphene in these molecular junctions is sensitive to the angles between the graphene flake and peripheral mesityl groups, and those rotated groups can be used to tune the electrical conductance. This study provides new insight into cross-plane charge transport in atomically thin junctions and highlights the role of through-space interactions in vdW heterojunctions at the molecular scale. Charge transport through single-molecule bilayer-graphene junctions fabricated by a cross-plane break junction technique can be tuned at the atomic level.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Ze-Ying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Shadiah Albalawi
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Lijue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Hewei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xin-Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Hao Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Songjun Hou
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Gang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Oz A, Dutta D, Nitzan A, Hod O, Koren E. Edge State Quantum Interference in Twisted Graphitic Interfaces. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2102261. [PMID: 35285174 PMCID: PMC9108635 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Zigzag edges in graphitic systems exhibit localized electronic states that drastically affect their properties. Here, room-temperature charge transport experiments across a single graphitic interface are reported, in which the interlayer current is confined to the contact edges. It is shown that the current exhibits pronounced oscillations of up to ≈40 µA with a dominant period of ≈5 Å with respect to lateral displacement that do not directly correspond to typical graphene lattice spacing. The origin of these features is computationally rationalized as quantum mechanical interference of localized edge states showing significant amplitude and interlayer coupling variations as a function of the interface stacking configuration. Such interference effects may therefore dominate the transport properties of low-dimensional graphitic interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Oz
- Department of Physical ChemistrySchool of ChemistryThe Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials ScienceTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv6997801Israel
| | - Debopriya Dutta
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology InstituteTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel
| | - Abraham Nitzan
- Department of Physical ChemistrySchool of ChemistryThe Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials ScienceTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv6997801Israel
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19103USA
| | - Oded Hod
- Department of Physical ChemistrySchool of ChemistryThe Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials ScienceTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv6997801Israel
| | - Elad Koren
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology InstituteTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy ProgramTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zeng YJ, Ding ZK, Pan H, Feng YX, Chen KQ. Nonequilibrium Green's function method for phonon heat transport in quantum system. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:223001. [PMID: 35263716 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac5c21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phonon heat transport property in quantum devices is of great interesting since it presents significant quantum behaviors. In the past few decades, great efforts have been devoted to establish the theoretical method for phonon heat transport simulation in nanostructures. However, modeling phonon heat transport from wavelike coherent regime to particlelike incoherent regime remains a challenging task. The widely adopted theoretical approach, such as molecular dynamics, semiclassical Boltzmann transport equation, captures quantum mechanical effects within different degrees of approximation. Among them, Non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) method has attracted wide attention, as its ability to perform full quantum simulation including many-body interactions. In this review, we summarized recent theoretical advances of phonon NEGF method and the applications on the numerical simulation for phonon heat transport in nanostructures. At last, the challenges of numerical simulation are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Zeng
- Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Ke Ding
- Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Xin Feng
- Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Qiu Chen
- Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Álvarez-Rodríguez P, García-Suárez VM. Effect of Impurity Adsorption on the Electronic and Transport Properties of Graphene Nanogaps. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:500. [PMID: 35057218 PMCID: PMC8779888 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Graphene stands out as a versatile material with several uses in fields that range from electronics to biology. In particular, graphene has been proposed as an electrode in molecular electronics devices that are expected to be more stable and reproducible than typical ones based on metallic electrodes. In this work, we study by means of first principles, simulations and a tight-binding model the electronic and transport properties of graphene nanogaps with straight edges and different passivating atoms: Hydrogen or elements of the second row of the periodic table (boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluoride). We use the tight-binding model to reproduce the main ab-initio results and elucidate the physics behind the transport properties. We observe clear patterns that emerge in the conductance and the current as one moves from boron to fluoride. In particular, we find that the conductance decreases and the tunneling decaying factor increases from the former to the latter. We explain these trends in terms of the size of the atom and its onsite energy. We also find a similar pattern for the current, which is ohmic and smooth in general. However, when the size of the simulation cell is the smallest one along the direction perpendicular to the transport direction, we obtain highly non-linear behavior with negative differential resistance. This interesting and surprising behavior can be explained by taking into account the presence of Fano resonances and other interference effects, which emerge due to couplings to side atoms at the edges and other couplings across the gap. Such features enter the bias window as the bias increases and strongly affect the current, giving rise to the non-linear evolution. As a whole, these results can be used as a template to understand the transport properties of straight graphene nanogaps and similar systems and distinguish the presence of different elements in the junction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Víctor Manuel García-Suárez
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, 33007 Oviedo, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología (CINN), 33007 Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zeng BF, Wei JY, Zhang XG, Liang QM, Hu S, Wang G, Lei ZC, Zhao SQ, Zhang HW, Shi J, Hong W, Tian ZQ, Yang Y. In situ lattice tuning of quasi-single-crystal surfaces for continuous electrochemical modulation. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7765-7772. [PMID: 35865890 PMCID: PMC9258404 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01868c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to control the atomic-level structure of a solid represents a straightforward strategy for fabricating high-performance catalysts and semiconductor materials. Herein we explore the capability of the mechanically controllable surface strain method in adjusting the surface structure of a gold film. Underpotential deposition measurements provide a quantitative and ultrasensitive approach for monitoring the evolution of surface structures. The electrochemical activities of the quasi-single-crystalline gold films are enhanced productively by controlling the surface tension, resulting in a more positive potential for copper deposition. Our method provides an effective way to tune the atom arrangement of solid surfaces with sub-angstrom precision and to achieve a reduction in power consumption, which has vast applications in electrocatalysis, molecular electronics, and materials science. We reported a new method capable of adjusting the lattice structure of solid surfaces with sub-angstrom precision and achieved in situ and continuous control over electrochemical activity.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biao-Feng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun-Ying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xia-Guang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qing-Man Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Gan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shi-Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - He-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhou YF, Chang WY, Chen JZ, Huang JR, Fu JY, Zhang JN, Pei LQ, Wang YH, Jin S, Zhou XS. Substituent-mediated quantum interference toward a giant single-molecule conductance variation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:095201. [PMID: 34798622 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac3b84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Quantum interference (QI) in single molecular junctions shows a promising perspective for realizing conceptual nanoelectronics. However, controlling and modulating the QI remains a big challenge. Herein, two-type substituents at different positions ofmeta-linked benzene, namely electron-donating methoxy (-OMe) and electron-withdrawing nitryl (-NO2), are designed and synthesized to investigate the substituent effects on QI. The calculated transmission coefficientsT(E) indicates that -OMe and -NO2could remove the antiresonance and destructive quantum interference (DQI)-induced transmission dips at position 2. -OMe could raise the antiresonance energy at position 4 while -NO2groups removes the DQI features. For substituents at position 5, both of them are nonactive for tuning QI. The conductance measurements by scanning tunneling microscopy break junction show a good agreement with the theoretical prediction. More than two order of magnitude single-molecule conductance on/off ratio could be achieved at the different positions of -NO2substituent groups at room temperature. The present work proves chemical substituents can be used for tuning QI features in single molecular junctions, which provides a feasible way toward realization of high-performance molecular devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yan Chang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Zhe Chen
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ren Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ying Fu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Qi Pei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Shun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
González JW. Strain-controlled thermoelectric properties of phosphorene-carbon monosulfide hetero-bilayers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 34:065301. [PMID: 34736227 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac368f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of strain to 2D materials allows manipulating the electronic, magnetic, and thermoelectric properties. These physical properties are sensitive to slight variations induced by tensile and compressive strain and the uniaxial strain direction. Herein, we take advantage of the reversible semiconductor-metal transition observed in certain monolayers to propose a hetero-bilayer device. We propose to pill up phosphorene (layered black phosphorus) and carbon monosulfide monolayers. In the first, such transition appears for positive strain, while the second appears for negative strain. Our first-principle calculations show that depending on the direction of the applied uniaxial strain; it is possible to achieve reversible control in the layer that behaves as an electronic conductor while the other layer remains as a thermal conductor. The described strain-controlled selectivity could be used in the design of novel devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J W González
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla Postal 110V, Valparaíso, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sengul O, Valli A, Stadler R. Electrode effects on the observability of destructive quantum interference in single-molecule junctions. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:17011-17021. [PMID: 34617536 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01230d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Destructive quantum interference (QI) has been a source of interest as a new paradigm for molecular electronics as the electronic conductance is widely dependent on the occurrence or absence of destructive QI effects. In order to interpret experimentally observed transmission features, it is necessary to understand the effects of all components of the junction on electron transport. We perform non-equilibrium Green's function calculations within the framework of density functional theory to assess the structure-function relationship of transport through pyrene molecular junctions with distinct QI properties. The chemical nature of the anchor groups and the electrodes controls the Fermi level alignment, which determines the observability of destructive QI. A thorough analysis allows to disentangle the transmission features arising from the molecule and the electrodes. Interestingly, graphene electrodes introduce features in the low-bias regime, which can either mask or be misinterpreted as QI effects, while instead originating from the topological properties of the edges. Thus, this first principles analysis provides clear indications to guide the interpretation of experimental studies, which cannot be obtained from simple Hückel model calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Sengul
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Angelo Valli
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Robert Stadler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bhandary S, Tomczak JM, Valli A. Designing a mechanically driven spin-crossover molecular switch via organic embedding. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4990-4995. [PMID: 34485819 PMCID: PMC8386408 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00407g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Among spin-crossover complexes, Fe-porphyrin (FeP) stands out for molecular spintronic applications: an intricate, yet favourable balance between ligand fields, charge transfer, and the Coulomb interaction makes FeP highly manipulable, while its planar structure facilitates device integration. Here, we theoretically design a mechanical spin-switch device in which external strain triggers the intrinsic magneto-structural coupling of FeP through a purely organic embedding. Exploiting the chemical compatibility and stretchability of graphene nanoribbon electrodes, we overcome common reliability and reproducibility issues of conventional inorganic setups. The competition between the Coulomb interaction and distortion-induced changes in ligand fields requires methodologies beyond the state-of-the-art: combining density functional theory with many-body techniques, we demonstrate experimentally feasible tensile strain to trigger a low-spin (S = 1) to high-spin (S = 2) crossover. Concomitantly, the current through the device toggles by over an order of magnitude, adding a fully planar mechanical current-switch unit to the panoply of molecular spintronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Bhandary
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland +353-1-896 8455
| | - Jan M Tomczak
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology 1040 Vienna Austria
| | - Angelo Valli
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology 1040 Vienna Austria
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
O'Driscoll LJ, Bryce MR. A review of oligo(arylene ethynylene) derivatives in molecular junctions. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10668-10711. [PMID: 34110337 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02023d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oligo(arylene ethynylene) (OAE) derivatives are the "workhorse" molecules of molecular electronics. Their ease of synthesis and flexibility of functionalisation mean that a diverse array of OAE molecular wires have been designed, synthesised and studied theoretically and experimentally in molecular junctions using both single-molecule and ensemble methods. This review summarises the breadth of molecular designs that have been investigated with emphasis on structure-property relationships with respect to the electronic conductance of OAEs. The factors considered include molecular length, connectivity, conjugation, (anti)aromaticity, heteroatom effects and quantum interference (QI). Growing interest in the thermoelectric properties of OAE derivatives, which are expected to be at the forefront of research into organic thermoelectric devices, is also explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke J O'Driscoll
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
| | - Martin R Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Edge-Trimmed Nanogaps in 2D Materials for Robust, Scalable, and Tunable Lateral Tunnel Junctions. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11040981. [PMID: 33920302 PMCID: PMC8070335 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lateral tunnel junctions are fundamental building blocks for molecular electronics and novel sensors, but current fabrication approaches achieve device yields below 10%, which limits their appeal for circuit integration and large-scale application. We here demonstrate a new approach to reliably form nanometer-sized gaps between electrodes with high precision and unprecedented control. This advance in nanogap production is enabled by the unique properties of 2D materials-based contacts. The large difference in reactivity of 2D materials' edges compared to their basal plane results in a sequential removal of atoms from the contact perimeter. The resulting trimming of exposed graphene edges in a remote hydrogen plasma proceeds at speeds of less than 1 nm per minute, permitting accurate control of the nanogap dimension through the etching process. Carrier transport measurements reveal the high quality of the nanogap, thus-produced tunnel junctions with a 97% yield rate, which represents a tenfold increase in productivity compared to previous reports. Moreover, 70% of tunnel junctions fall within a nanogap range of only 0.5 nm, representing an unprecedented uniformity in dimension. The presented edge-trimming approach enables the conformal narrowing of gaps and produces novel one-dimensional nano-trench geometries that can sustain larger tunneling currents than conventional 0D nano-junctions. Finally, the potential of our approach for future electronics was demonstrated by the realization of an atom-based memory.
Collapse
|
29
|
Lu Z, Zheng J, Shi J, Zeng BF, Yang Y, Hong W, Tian ZQ. Application of Micro/Nanofabrication Techniques to On-Chip Molecular Electronics. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2001034. [PMID: 34927836 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202001034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular electronics is a promising subject to overcome the size limitation of silicon-based electronic devices. In the past decades, various micro/nanofabrication techniques have been developed for constructing molecular junctions, and a number of breakthroughs are made in the characterizations and applications of the single-molecule device. The history and progress are reviewed in this article, laying emphasis on the recent works on the combination of micro/nanofabrication techniques with other techniques such as electrochemical deposition and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Some prototypical single-molecule devices such as molecular transistors are presented. Finally, the challenges and prospects in the fabrication of single-molecule devices are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jueting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Biao-Feng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Niroui F, Saravanapavanantham M, Han J, Patil JJ, Swager TM, Lang JH, Bulović V. Hybrid Approach to Fabricate Uniform and Active Molecular Junctions. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1606-1612. [PMID: 33534584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecules can serve as ultimate building blocks for extreme nanoscale devices. This requires their precise integration into functional heterojunctions, most commonly in the form of metal-molecule-metal architectures. Structural damage and nonuniformities caused by current fabrication techniques, however, limit their effective incorporation. Here, we present a hybrid fabrication approach enabling uniform and active molecular junctions. A template-stripping technique is developed to form electrodes with sub-nanometer smooth surfaces. Combined with dielectrophoretic trapping of colloidal nanorods, uniform sub-5 nm junctions are achieved. Uniquely, in our design, the top contact is mechanically free to move under an applied stimulus. Using this, we investigate the electromechanical tuning of the junction and its tunneling conduction. Here, the molecules help control sub-nanometer mechanical modulation, which is conventionally challenging due to instabilities caused by surface adhesive forces. Our versatile approach provides a platform to develop and study active molecular junctions for emerging applications in electronics, plasmonics, and electromechanical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Niroui
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mayuran Saravanapavanantham
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jinchi Han
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jatin J Patil
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy M Swager
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey H Lang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vladimir Bulović
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang L, Zhao Z, Shinde DB, Lai Z, Wang D. Modulation of destructive quantum interference by bridge groups in truxene-based single-molecule junctions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:667-670. [PMID: 33346271 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07438a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electron transport properties of polycyclic truxene derivatives have been investigated by the single molecule conductance measurement technique and theoretical study. Molecules with nitrogen and carbonyl substituents at the bridge sites exhibit higher single-molecule conductances by almost one order of magnitude compared with non-substituted analogues. It can be ascribed that the anti-resonance feature produced by destructive quantum interference (DQI) is alleviated and pushed away from the Fermi energy. These findings provide an effective chemical strategy for manipulating the DQI behavior in single molecular devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Zhihao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Digambar B Shinde
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhiping Lai
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Caneva S, Hermans M, Lee M, García-Fuente A, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Dekker C, Ferrer J, van der Zant HSJ, Gehring P. A Mechanically Tunable Quantum Dot in a Graphene Break Junction. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4924-4931. [PMID: 32551676 PMCID: PMC7349654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (QDs) are intensively studied as platforms for the next generation of quantum electronic devices. Fine tuning of the transport properties in monolayer graphene QDs, in particular with respect to the independent modulation of the tunnel barrier transparencies, remains challenging and is typically addressed using electrostatic gating. We investigate charge transport in back-gated graphene mechanical break junctions and reveal Coulomb blockade physics characteristic of a single, high-quality QD when a nanogap is opened in a graphene constriction. By mechanically controlling the distance across the newly formed graphene nanogap, we achieve reversible tunability of the tunnel coupling to the drain electrode by 5 orders of magnitude, while keeping the source-QD tunnel coupling constant. The break junction device can therefore become a powerful platform to study the physical parameters that are crucial to the development of future graphene-based devices, including energy converters and quantum calorimeters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Caneva
- Kavli
Institute of Nanotechnology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628
CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Hermans
- Kavli
Institute of Nanotechnology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628
CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lee
- Kavli
Institute of Nanotechnology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628
CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Amador García-Fuente
- Departamento
de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología, Universidad de Oviedo − CSIC, 33940 El Entrego, Spain
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National
Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National
Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Cees Dekker
- Kavli
Institute of Nanotechnology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628
CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jaime Ferrer
- Departamento
de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología, Universidad de Oviedo − CSIC, 33940 El Entrego, Spain
| | | | - Pascal Gehring
- Kavli
Institute of Nanotechnology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628
CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ramezani Akbarabadi S, Rahimpour Soleimani H, Golsanamlou Z, Bagheri Tagani M. Enhanced thermoelectric properties in anthracene molecular device with graphene electrodes: the role of phononic thermal conductance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10922. [PMID: 32616835 PMCID: PMC7331582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67964-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) and the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism in the linear response regime were employed to investigate the impact of doping on the electronic and phononic transport properties in an anthracene molecule attached to two metallic zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs). Boron (B) and nitrogen (N) atoms were used for doping and co-doping (NB) of carbon atoms located at the edge of the anthracene molecule. Our results show that B doping enhances the electronic transport in comparison with the other dopants which is due to its ability to increase the binding energy of the system. The chemical doping of the anthracene molecule mainly impacts on the thermopower which results in a significantly enhanced electronic contribution of the figure of merit. On the contrary, considering the effect of phononic thermal conductance suppresses the figure of merit. However, by taking into account the effect of both electron and phonon contributions to the thermal conductance, we find that the thermoelectric efficiency can be improved by B doping. The potential role of the phononic thermal conductance in shaping the thermoelectric properties of molecular junctions has been ignored in numerous studies, however, our findings demonstrate its importance for a realistic and accurate estimation of the thermoelectric figure of merit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Ramezani Akbarabadi
- Computational Nanophysics Laboratory (CNL), Department of Physics, University of Guilan, Rasht, 41335-1914, Iran.
| | - Hamid Rahimpour Soleimani
- Computational Nanophysics Laboratory (CNL), Department of Physics, University of Guilan, Rasht, 41335-1914, Iran
| | - Zahra Golsanamlou
- Computational Nanophysics Laboratory (CNL), Department of Physics, University of Guilan, Rasht, 41335-1914, Iran
| | - Maysam Bagheri Tagani
- Computational Nanophysics Laboratory (CNL), Department of Physics, University of Guilan, Rasht, 41335-1914, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yang C, Qin A, Tang BZ, Guo X. Fabrication and functions of graphene-molecule-graphene single-molecule junctions. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:120902. [PMID: 32241145 DOI: 10.1063/1.5144275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed increasingly rapid advances in the field of single-molecule electronics, which are expected to overcome the limitation of the miniaturization of silicon-based microdevices, thus promoting the development of device manufacturing technologies and characterization means. In addition to this, they can enable us to investigate the intrinsic properties of materials at the atomic- or molecular-length scale and probe new phenomena that are inaccessible in ensemble experiments. In this perspective, we start from a brief introduction on the manufacturing method of graphene-molecule-graphene single-molecule junctions (GMG-SMJs). Then, we make a description on the remarkable functions of GMG-SMJs, especially on the investigation of single-molecule charge transport and dynamics. Finally, we conclude by discussing the main challenges and future research directions of molecular electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Anjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
We propose a new paradigm of electronic devices based only on two electrodes separated by a gap, i.e. without any functional element bridging them. We use a tight-binding model to show that, depending on the type of material of the electrodes and its structure, several electronic functionalities can be achieved: ohmic behaviour, rectification, negative differential resistance, spin-filtering and magnetoresistance. In particular, we show that it is possible to deliver a given functionality by changing the coupling between the surface and bulk states and between the surface states across the gap, which dramatically changes the current-voltage characteristics. These results prove that it is possible to have functional electronic and spintronic elements on the nanoscale without having physical components bridging the electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V M García-Suárez
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo & CINN, Oviedo, 33007, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Graf M, Lihter M, Altus D, Marion S, Radenovic A. Transverse Detection of DNA Using a MoS 2 Nanopore. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:9075-9083. [PMID: 31710497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Classical nanopore sensing relies on the measurement of the ion current passing through a nanopore. Whenever a molecule electrophoretically translocates through the narrow constriction, it modulates the ion current. Although this approach allows one to measure single molecules, the access resistance limits the spatial resolution. This physical limitation could potentially be overcome by an alternative sensing scheme taking advantage of the current across the membrane material itself. Such an electronic readout would also allow better temporal resolution than the ionic current. In this work, we present the fabrication of an electrically contacted molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoribbon integrated with a nanopore. DNA molecules are sensed by correlated signals from the ionic current through the nanopore and the transverse current through the nanoribbon. The resulting signal suggests a field-effect sensing scheme where the charge of the molecule is directly sensed by the nanoribbon. We discuss different sensing schemes such as local potential sensing and direct charge sensing. Furthermore, we show that the fabrication of freestanding MoS2 ribbons with metal contacts is reliable and discuss the challenges that arise in the fabrication and usage of these devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Graf
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering , EPFL , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Martina Lihter
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering , EPFL , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Damir Altus
- Institute of Physics , HR-10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Sanjin Marion
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering , EPFL , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Radenovic
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering , EPFL , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
He JD, Jiang JW. Misfit strain-induced energy dissipation for graphene/MoS 2 heterostructure nanomechanical resonators. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:265701. [PMID: 30865944 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab0f86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Misfit strain is inevitable in various heterostructures like the graphene/MoS2 van der Waals heterostructure. Although the misfit strain effect on electronic and other physical properties have been well studied, it is still unclear how the misfit strain will affect the performance of the nanomechanical resonator based on the graphene/MoS2 heterostructure. By performing molecular dynamics simulations, we disclose a misfit strain-induced decoupling phenomenon between the graphene layer and the MoS2 layer during the resonant oscillation of the heterostructure. A direct relationship between the misfit strain and the decoupling mechanism is successfully established through the retraction force analysis. We further suggest to use the graphene/MoS2/graphene sandwich heterostructure for the nanomechanical resonator application, which is able to prevent the misfit strain-related decoupling phenomenon. These results provide valuable information for the future application of the graphene/MoS2 heterostructure in the nanomechanical resonator field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Dong He
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li Y, Buerkle M, Li G, Rostamian A, Wang H, Wang Z, Bowler DR, Miyazaki T, Xiang L, Asai Y, Zhou G, Tao N. Gate controlling of quantum interference and direct observation of anti-resonances in single molecule charge transport. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:357-363. [PMID: 30742082 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Quantum interference can profoundly affect charge transport in single molecules, but experiments can usually measure only the conductance at the Fermi energy. Because, in general, the most pronounced features of the quantum interference are not located at the Fermi energy, it is highly desirable to probe charge transport in a broader energy range. Here, by means of electrochemical gating, we measure the conductance and map the transmission functions of single molecules at and around the Fermi energy, and study signatures associated with constructive and destructive interference. With electrochemical gate control, we tune the quantum interference between the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, and directly observe anti-resonance, a distinct feature of destructive interference. By tuning the molecule in and out of anti-resonance, we achieve continuous control of the conductance over two orders of magnitude with a subthreshold swing of ~17 mV dec-1, features relevant to high-speed and low-power electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Li
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Marius Buerkle
- Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Guangfeng Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ali Rostamian
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zixiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - David R Bowler
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
- International Centre for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyazaki
- International Centre for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Limin Xiang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Asai
- Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Gang Zhou
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Nongjian Tao
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
González JW. Highly anisotropic thermoelectric properties of carbon sulfide monolayers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:125501. [PMID: 30645988 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aafe9f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Strain engineering applied to carbon monosulphide monolayers allows to control the bandgap, controlling electronic and thermoelectric responses. Herein, we study the semiconductor-metal phase transition of this layered material driven by strain control on the basis of first-principles calculations. We consider uniaxial and biaxial tensile strain and we find a highly anisotropic electronic and thermoelectonic responses depending on the direction of the applied strain. Our results indicate that strain-induced response could be an effective method to control the electronic response and the thermoelectric performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J W González
- Fac. Químicas UPV/EHU, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Material Physics Center (MPC), Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Luo Z, Hu X, Tian X, Luo C, Xu H, Li Q, Li Q, Zhang J, Qiao F, Wu X, Borisenko VE, Chu J. Structure-Property Relationships in Graphene-Based Strain and Pressure Sensors for Potential Artificial Intelligence Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E1250. [PMID: 30871069 PMCID: PMC6427630 DOI: 10.3390/s19051250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronic sensing devices are deemed to be a crucial technology of smart personal electronics. Strain and pressure sensors, one of the most popular research directions in recent years, are the key components of smart and flexible electronics. Graphene, as an advanced nanomaterial, exerts pre-eminent characteristics including high electrical conductivity, excellent mechanical properties, and flexibility. The above advantages of graphene provide great potential for applications in mechatronics, robotics, automation, human-machine interaction, etc.: graphene with diverse structures and leverages, strain and pressure sensors with new functionalities. Herein, the recent progress in graphene-based strain and pressure sensors is presented. The sensing materials are classified into four structures including 0D fullerene, 1D fiber, 2D film, and 3D porous structures. Different structures of graphene-based strain and pressure sensors provide various properties and multifunctions in crucial parameters such as sensitivity, linearity, and hysteresis. The recent and potential applications for graphene-based sensors are also discussed, especially in the field of human motion detection. Finally, the perspectives of graphene-based strain and pressure sensors used in human motion detection combined with artificial intelligence are surveyed. Challenges such as the biocompatibility, integration, and additivity of the sensors are discussed as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, Department of Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Xiaotong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, Department of Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Xiyue Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, Department of Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Chen Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, Department of Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Hejun Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, Department of Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Quanling Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, Department of Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Qianhao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, Department of Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, Department of Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Fei Qiao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xing Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, Department of Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - V E Borisenko
- Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, P. Browka 6, 220013 Minsk, Belarus.
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe Shosse 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Junhao Chu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, Department of Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Danda G, Drndić M. Two-dimensional nanopores and nanoporous membranes for ion and molecule transport. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 55:124-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|