1
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Han B, Zhao Y, Ma L, Chen L, Hou W, Li B, Wang J, Yu J, Wang G, He Y, Ma M, Zhou J, Sun SK, Yu C, Pan J. A Minimalist Iron Oxide Nanoprobe for the High-Resolution Depiction of Stroke by Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401061. [PMID: 38963320 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The precise mapping of collateral circulation and ischemic penumbra is crucial for diagnosing and treating acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Unfortunately, there exists a significant shortage of high-sensitivity and high-resolution in vivo imaging techniques to fulfill this requirement. Herein, a contrast enhanced susceptibility-weighted imaging (CE-SWI) using the minimalist dextran-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Dextran NPs) are introduced for the highly sensitive and high-resolution AIS depiction under 9.4 T for the first time. The Fe3O4@Dextran NPs are synthesized via a simple one-pot coprecipitation method using commercial reagents under room temperature. It shows merits of small size (hydrodynamic size 25.8 nm), good solubility, high transverse relaxivity (r2) of 51.3 mM-1s-1 at 9.4 T, and superior biocompatibility. The Fe3O4@Dextran NPs-enhanced SWI can highlight the cerebral vessels readily with significantly improved contrast and ultrahigh resolution of 0.1 mm under 9.4 T MR scanner, enabling the clear spatial identification of collateral circulation in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model. Furthermore, Fe3O4@Dextran NPs-enhanced SWI facilitates the precise depiction of ischemia core, collaterals, and ischemic penumbra post AIS through matching analysis with other multimodal MR sequences. The proposed Fe3O4@Dextran NPs-enhanced SWI offers a high-sensitivity and high-resolution imaging tool for individualized characterization and personally precise theranostics of stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging & Tianjin Institute of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging & Tianjin Institute of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging & Tianjin Institute of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging & Tianjin Institute of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Wenjing Hou
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Ultrasonography, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Bingjie Li
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging & Tianjin Institute of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yu
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300203, China
| | - Guohe Wang
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300203, China
| | - Yujing He
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging & Tianjin Institute of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Min Ma
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging & Tianjin Institute of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Junzi Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging & Tianjin Institute of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Shao-Kai Sun
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300203, China
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging & Tianjin Institute of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jinbin Pan
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging & Tianjin Institute of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
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2
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Perkins GD, Neumar R, Hsu CH, Hirsch KG, Aneman A, Becker LB, Couper K, Callaway CW, Hoedemaekers CWE, Lim SL, Meurer W, Olasveengen T, Sekhon MS, Skrifvars M, Soar J, Tsai MS, Vengamma B, Nolan JP. Improving Outcomes After Post-Cardiac Arrest Brain Injury: A Scientific Statement From the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Resuscitation 2024:110196. [PMID: 38932555 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
This scientific statement presents a conceptual framework for the pathophysiology of post-cardiac arrest brain injury, explores reasons for previous failure to translate preclinical data to clinical practice, and outlines potential paths forward. Post-cardiac arrest brain injury is characterized by 4 distinct but overlapping phases: ischemic depolarization, reperfusion repolarization, dysregulation, and recovery and repair. Previous research has been challenging because of the limitations of laboratory models; heterogeneity in the patient populations enrolled; overoptimistic estimation of treatment effects leading to suboptimal sample sizes; timing and route of intervention delivery; limited or absent evidence that the intervention has engaged the mechanistic target; and heterogeneity in postresuscitation care, prognostication, and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments. Future trials must tailor their interventions to the subset of patients most likely to benefit and deliver this intervention at the appropriate time, through the appropriate route, and at the appropriate dose. The complexity of post-cardiac arrest brain injury suggests that monotherapies are unlikely to be as successful as multimodal neuroprotective therapies. Biomarkers should be developed to identify patients with the targeted mechanism of injury, to quantify its severity, and to measure the response to therapy. Studies need to be adequately powered to detect effect sizes that are realistic and meaningful to patients, their families, and clinicians. Study designs should be optimized to accelerate the evaluation of the most promising interventions. Multidisciplinary and international collaboration will be essential to realize the goal of developing effective therapies for post-cardiac arrest brain injury.
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3
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Rodriguez de Los Santos M, Kopell BH, Buxbaum Grice A, Ganesh G, Yang A, Amini P, Liharska LE, Vornholt E, Fullard JF, Dong P, Park E, Zipkowitz S, Kaji DA, Thompson RC, Liu D, Park YJ, Cheng E, Ziafat K, Moya E, Fennessy B, Wilkins L, Silk H, Linares LM, Sullivan B, Cohen V, Kota P, Feng C, Johnson JS, Rieder MK, Scarpa J, Nadkarni GN, Wang M, Zhang B, Sklar P, Beckmann ND, Schadt EE, Roussos P, Charney AW, Breen MS. Divergent landscapes of A-to-I editing in postmortem and living human brain. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5366. [PMID: 38926387 PMCID: PMC11208617 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing is a prevalent post-transcriptional RNA modification within the brain. Yet, most research has relied on postmortem samples, assuming it is an accurate representation of RNA biology in the living brain. We challenge this assumption by comparing A-to-I editing between postmortem and living prefrontal cortical tissues. Major differences were found, with over 70,000 A-to-I sites showing higher editing levels in postmortem tissues. Increased A-to-I editing in postmortem tissues is linked to higher ADAR and ADARB1 expression, is more pronounced in non-neuronal cells, and indicative of postmortem activation of inflammation and hypoxia. Higher A-to-I editing in living tissues marks sites that are evolutionarily preserved, synaptic, developmentally timed, and disrupted in neurological conditions. Common genetic variants were also found to differentially affect A-to-I editing levels in living versus postmortem tissues. Collectively, these discoveries offer more nuanced and accurate insights into the regulatory mechanisms of RNA editing in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian H Kopell
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Gauri Ganesh
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Andy Yang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Pardis Amini
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Lora E Liharska
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eric Vornholt
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - John F Fullard
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Pengfei Dong
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eric Park
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sarah Zipkowitz
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Deepak A Kaji
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ryan C Thompson
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Donjing Liu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - You Jeong Park
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Esther Cheng
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kimia Ziafat
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Emily Moya
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Brian Fennessy
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Lillian Wilkins
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hannah Silk
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Lisa M Linares
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Brendan Sullivan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Vanessa Cohen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Prashant Kota
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Claudia Feng
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph Scarpa
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Minghui Wang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Pamela Sklar
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Noam D Beckmann
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Michael S Breen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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4
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Karlsen H, Strand-Amundsen RJ, Skåre C, Eriksen M, Skulberg VM, Sunde K, Tønnessen TI, Olasveengen TM. Cerebral perfusion and metabolism with mild hypercapnia vs. normocapnia in a porcine post cardiac arrest model with and without targeted temperature management. Resusc Plus 2024; 18:100604. [PMID: 38510376 PMCID: PMC10950799 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim To determine whether targeting mild hypercapnia (PaCO2 7 kPa) would yield improved cerebral blood flow and metabolism compared to normocapnia (PaCO2 5 kPa) with and without targeted temperature management to 33 °C (TTM33) in a porcine post-cardiac arrest model. Methods 39 pigs were resuscitated after 10 minutes of cardiac arrest using cardiopulmonary bypass and randomised to TTM33 or no-TTM, and hypercapnia or normocapnia. TTM33 was managed with intravasal cooling. Animals were stabilized for 30 minutes followed by a two-hour intervention period. Hemodynamic parameters were measured continuously, and neuromonitoring included intracranial pressure (ICP), pressure reactivity index, cerebral blood flow, brain-tissue pCO2 and microdialysis. Measurements are reported as proportion of baseline, and areas under the curve during the 120 min intervention period were compared. Results Hypercapnia increased cerebral flow in both TTM33 and no-TTM groups, but also increased ICP (199% vs. 183% of baseline, p = 0.018) and reduced cerebral perfusion pressure (70% vs. 84% of baseline, p < 0.001) in no-TTM animals. Cerebral lactate (196% vs. 297% of baseline, p < 0.001), pyruvate (118% vs. 152% of baseline, p < 0.001), glycerol and lactate/pyruvate ratios were lower with hypercapnia in the TTM33 group, but only pyruvate (133% vs. 150% of baseline, p = 0.002) was lower with hypercapnia among no-TTM animals. Conclusion In this porcine post-arrest model, hypercapnia led to increased cerebral flow both with and without hypothermia, but also increased ICP and reduced cerebral perfusion pressure in no-TTM animals. The effects of hypercapnia were different with and without TTM.(Institutional protocol number: FOTS, id 14931).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Karlsen
- Department of Research and Development and Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Christiane Skåre
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Eriksen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar M Skulberg
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Sunde
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Inge Tønnessen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Theresa M Olasveengen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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5
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Rajput P, Brookshier A, Kothari S, Eckstein L, Chang H, Liska S, Lamb J, Sances S, Lyden P. Differential Vulnerability and Response to Injury among Brain Cell Types Comprising the Neurovascular Unit. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1093222024. [PMID: 38548341 PMCID: PMC11140689 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1093-22.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) includes multiple different cell types, including neurons, astrocytes, endothelial cells, and pericytes, which respond to insults on very different time or dose scales. We defined differential vulnerability among these cell types, using response to two different insults: oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and thrombin-mediated cytotoxicity. We found that neurons are most vulnerable, followed by endothelial cells and astrocytes. After temporary focal cerebral ischemia in male rats, we found significantly more injured neurons, compared with astrocytes in the ischemic area, consistent with differential vulnerability in vivo. We sought to illustrate different and shared mechanisms across all cell types during response to insult. We found that gene expression profiles in response to OGD differed among the cell types, with a paucity of gene responses shared by all types. All cell types activated genes relating to autophagy, apoptosis, and necroptosis, but the specific genes differed. Astrocytes and endothelial cells also activated pathways connected to DNA repair and antiapoptosis. Taken together, the data support the concept of differential vulnerability in the NVU and suggest that different elements of the unit will evolve from salvageable to irretrievable on different time scales while residing in the same brain region and receiving the same (ischemic) blood flow. Future work will focus on the mechanisms of these differences. These data suggest future stroke therapy development should target different elements of the NVU differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmesh Rajput
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California 90089-2821
| | - Allison Brookshier
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California 90089-2821
| | - Shweta Kothari
- Chinook Therapeutics, Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia V5T 4T5, Canada
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048
| | - Lillie Eckstein
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California 90089-2821
| | - Heather Chang
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California 90089-2821
| | - Sophie Liska
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California 90089-2821
| | - Jessica Lamb
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California 90089-2821
| | - Samuel Sances
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048
| | - Patrick Lyden
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California 90089-2821
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6
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de los Santos MR, Kopell BH, Grice AB, Ganesh G, Yang A, Amini P, Liharska LE, Vornholt E, Fullard JF, Dong P, Park E, Zipkowitz S, Kaji DA, Thompson RC, Liu D, Park YJ, Cheng E, Ziafat K, Moya E, Fennessy B, Wilkins L, Silk H, Linares LM, Sullivan B, Cohen V, Kota P, Feng C, Johnson JS, Rieder MK, Scarpa J, Nadkarni GN, Wang M, Zhang B, Sklar P, Beckmann ND, Schadt EE, Roussos P, Charney AW, Breen MS. Divergent landscapes of A-to-I editing in postmortem and living human brain. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.06.24306763. [PMID: 38765961 PMCID: PMC11100843 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.06.24306763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing is a prevalent post-transcriptional RNA modification within the brain. Yet, most research has relied on postmortem samples, assuming it is an accurate representation of RNA biology in the living brain. We challenge this assumption by comparing A-to-I editing between postmortem and living prefrontal cortical tissues. Major differences were found, with over 70,000 A-to-I sites showing higher editing levels in postmortem tissues. Increased A-to-I editing in postmortem tissues is linked to higher ADAR1 and ADARB1 expression, is more pronounced in non-neuronal cells, and indicative of postmortem activation of inflammation and hypoxia. Higher A-to-I editing in living tissues marks sites that are evolutionarily preserved, synaptic, developmentally timed, and disrupted in neurological conditions. Common genetic variants were also found to differentially affect A-to-I editing levels in living versus postmortem tissues. Collectively, these discoveries illuminate the nuanced functions and intricate regulatory mechanisms of RNA editing within the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian H. Kopell
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Gauri Ganesh
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Andy Yang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Pardis Amini
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Lora E. Liharska
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eric Vornholt
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - John F. Fullard
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Pengfei Dong
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eric Park
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sarah Zipkowitz
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Deepak A. Kaji
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ryan C. Thompson
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Donjing Liu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - You Jeong Park
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Esther Cheng
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kimia Ziafat
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Emily Moya
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Brian Fennessy
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Lillian Wilkins
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hannah Silk
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Lisa M. Linares
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Brendan Sullivan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Vanessa Cohen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Prashant Kota
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Claudia Feng
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph Scarpa
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Minghui Wang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Pamela Sklar
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Noam D. Beckmann
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eric E. Schadt
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Michael S. Breen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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7
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Petersilie L, Heiduschka S, Nelson JS, Neu LA, Le S, Anand R, Kafitz KW, Prigione A, Rose CR. Cortical brain organoid slices (cBOS) for the study of human neural cells in minimal networks. iScience 2024; 27:109415. [PMID: 38523789 PMCID: PMC10957451 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells are a promising tool for studying human neurodevelopment and related disorders. Here, we generated long-term cultures of cortical brain organoid slices (cBOS) grown at the air-liquid interphase from regionalized cortical organoids. We show that cBOS host mature neurons and astrocytes organized in complex architecture. Whole-cell patch-clamp demonstrated subthreshold synaptic inputs and action potential firing of neurons. Spontaneous intracellular calcium signals turned into synchronous large-scale oscillations upon combined disinhibition of NMDA receptors and blocking of GABAA receptors. Brief metabolic inhibition to mimic transient energy restriction in the ischemic brain induced reversible intracellular calcium loading of cBOS. Moreover, metabolic inhibition induced a reversible decline in neuronal ATP as revealed by ATeam1.03YEMK. Overall, cBOS provide a powerful platform to assess morphological and functional aspects of human neural cells in intact minimal networks and to address the pathways that drive cellular damage during brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Petersilie
- Institute of Neurobiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sonja Heiduschka
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children’s Hospital and Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Joel S.E. Nelson
- Institute of Neurobiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Louis A. Neu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephanie Le
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children’s Hospital and Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruchika Anand
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl W. Kafitz
- Institute of Neurobiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Alessandro Prigione
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children’s Hospital and Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christine R. Rose
- Institute of Neurobiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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8
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Ali S, Meuwese CL, Moors XJR, Donker DW, van de Koolwijk AF, van de Poll MCG, Gommers D, Dos Reis Miranda D. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for refractory cardiac arrest: an overview of current practice and evidence. Neth Heart J 2024; 32:148-155. [PMID: 38376712 PMCID: PMC10951133 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-023-01853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrest (CA) is a common and potentially avoidable cause of death, while constituting a substantial public health burden. Although survival rates for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have improved in recent decades, the prognosis for refractory OHCA remains poor. The use of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is increasingly being considered to support rescue measures when conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) fails. ECPR enables immediate haemodynamic and respiratory stabilisation of patients with CA who are refractory to conventional CPR and thereby reduces the low-flow time, promoting favourable neurological outcomes. In the case of refractory OHCA, multiple studies have shown beneficial effects in specific patient categories. However, ECPR might be more effective if it is implemented in the pre-hospital setting to reduce the low-flow time, thereby limiting permanent brain damage. The ongoing ON-SCENE trial might provide a definitive answer regarding the effectiveness of ECPR. The aim of this narrative review is to present the most recent literature available on ECPR and its current developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Ali
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Ministry of Defence, Royal Netherlands Air Force, Breda, The Netherlands.
| | - Christiaan L Meuwese
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xavier J R Moors
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Helicopter Emergency Medical Services, Trauma Centre Zuid-West Nederland, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk W Donker
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anina F van de Koolwijk
- Department of Intensive Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel C G van de Poll
- Department of Intensive Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik Gommers
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dinis Dos Reis Miranda
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Helicopter Emergency Medical Services, Trauma Centre Zuid-West Nederland, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Zhang LK, Liu L, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Li Z, Xu H, Bai W, Guo Y, Zhang D, Chen Z, Xia K, Li CH, Ge J, Guan YQ. Hippocampal-derived extracellular vesicle synergistically deliver active adenosine hippocampus targeting to promote cognitive recovery after stroke. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113746. [PMID: 38199187 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a neurological disease that leads to brain damage and severe cognitive impairment. In this study, extracellular vesicles(Ev) derived from mouse hippocampal cells (HT22) were used as carriers, and adenosine (Ad) was encapsulated to construct Ev-Ad to target the damaged hippocampus. The results showed that, Ev-Ad had significant antioxidant effect and inhibited apoptosis. In vivo, Ev-Ad reduced cell death and reversed inflammation in hippocampus of ischemic mice, and improved long-term memory and learning impairment by regulating the expression of the A1 receptor and the A2A receptor in the CA1 region. Thus, the developmental approach based on natural carriers that encapsulating Ad not only successfully restored nerves after ischemic stroke, but also improved cognitive impairment in the later stage of ischemic stroke convalescence. The development and design of therapeutic drugs provides a new concept and method for the treatment of cognitive impairment in the convalescent phase after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Kun Zhang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; MOE Key laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Qingpeng Liu
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yiquan Zhang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Ziqing Li
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Haoming Xu
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Weiwei Bai
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yiyan Guo
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zhendong Chen
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Kunwen Xia
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chu-Hua Li
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Jian Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China.
| | - Yan-Qing Guan
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; MOE Key laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou 511400, China.
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10
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Beyersdorf F. Innovation and disruptive science determine the future of cardiothoracic surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 65:ezae022. [PMID: 38243711 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the currently most asked questions in the field of medicine is how any specialty in the future will evolve to ensure better health for the patients by using current, unparalleled developments in all areas of science. This article will give an overview of new and evolving strategies for cardiothoracic (CT) surgery that are available today and will become available in the future in order to achieve this goal. In the founding era of CT surgery in the 1950s and 1960s, there was tremendous excitement about innovation and disruptive science, which eventually resulted in a completely new medical specialty, i.e. CT surgery. Entirely new treatment strategies were introduced for many cardiovascular diseases that had been considered incurable until then. As expected, alternative techniques have evolved in all fields of science during the last few decades, allowing great improvements in diagnostics and treatment in all medical specialties. The future of CT surgery will be determined by an unrestricted and unconditional investment in innovation, disruptive science and our own transformation using current achievements from many other fields. From the multitude of current and future possibilities, I will highlight 4 in this review: improvements in our current techniques, bringing CT surgery to low- and middle-income countries, revolutionizing the perioperative period and treating as yet untreatable diseases. These developments will allow us a continuation of the previously unheard-of treatment possibilities provided by ingenious innovations based on the fundamentals of CT surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedhelm Beyersdorf
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty of the Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Bormann D, Knoflach M, Poreba E, Riedl CJ, Testa G, Orset C, Levilly A, Cottereau A, Jauk P, Hametner S, Golabi B, Copic D, Klas K, Direder M, Kühtreiber H, Salek M, zur Nedden S, Baier-Bitterlich G, Kiechl S, Haider C, Endmayr V, Höftberger R, Ankersmit HJ, Mildner M. Single nucleus RNA sequencing reveals glial cell type-specific responses to ischemic stroke. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.26.573302. [PMID: 38234821 PMCID: PMC10793395 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.26.573302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Reactive neuroglia critically shape the braińs response to ischemic stroke. However, their phenotypic heterogeneity impedes a holistic understanding of the cellular composition and microenvironment of the early ischemic lesion. Here we generated a single cell resolution transcriptomics dataset of the injured brain during the acute recovery from permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. This approach unveiled infarction and subtype specific molecular signatures in oligodendrocyte lineage cells and astrocytes, which ranged among the most transcriptionally perturbed cell types in our dataset. Specifically, we characterized and compared infarction restricted proliferating oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), mature oligodendrocytes and heterogeneous reactive astrocyte populations. Our analyses unveiled unexpected commonalities in the transcriptional response of oligodendrocyte lineage cells and astrocytes to ischemic injury. Moreover, OPCs and reactive astrocytes were involved in a shared immuno-glial cross talk with stroke specific myeloid cells. In situ, osteopontin positive myeloid cells accumulated in close proximity to proliferating OPCs and reactive astrocytes, which expressed the osteopontin receptor CD44, within the perilesional zone specifically. In vitro, osteopontin increased the migratory capacity of OPCs. Collectively, our study highlights molecular cross talk events which might govern the cellular composition and microenvironment of infarcted brain tissue in the early stages of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bormann
- Applied Immunology Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Aposcience AG, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Knoflach
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- VASCage, Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Emilia Poreba
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian J. Riedl
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulia Testa
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cyrille Orset
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, ESR3P, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Anthony Levilly
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, ESR3P, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Andreá Cottereau
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, ESR3P, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Philipp Jauk
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Hametner
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bahar Golabi
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dragan Copic
- Applied Immunology Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Aposcience AG, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Klas
- Applied Immunology Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Aposcience AG, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Direder
- Applied Immunology Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Aposcience AG, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Kühtreiber
- Applied Immunology Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Aposcience AG, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Melanie Salek
- Applied Immunology Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Aposcience AG, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephanie zur Nedden
- Institute of Neurobiochemistry, CCB-Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriele Baier-Bitterlich
- Institute of Neurobiochemistry, CCB-Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- VASCage, Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Carmen Haider
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Endmayr
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Romana Höftberger
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik J. Ankersmit
- Applied Immunology Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Aposcience AG, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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12
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Trummer G, Benk C, Pooth JS, Wengenmayer T, Supady A, Staudacher DL, Damjanovic D, Lunz D, Wiest C, Aubin H, Lichtenberg A, Dünser MW, Szasz J, Dos Reis Miranda D, van Thiel RJ, Gummert J, Kirschning T, Tigges E, Willems S, Beyersdorf F. Treatment of Refractory Cardiac Arrest by Controlled Reperfusion of the Whole Body: A Multicenter, Prospective Observational Study. J Clin Med 2023; 13:56. [PMID: 38202063 PMCID: PMC10780178 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Survival following cardiac arrest (CA) remains poor after conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR) (6-26%), and the outcomes after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) are often inconsistent. Poor survival is a consequence of CA, low-flow states during CCPR, multi-organ injury, insufficient monitoring, and delayed treatment of the causative condition. We developed a new strategy to address these issues. Methods: This all-comers, multicenter, prospective observational study (69 patients with in- and out-of-hospital CA (IHCA and OHCA) after prolonged refractory CCPR) focused on extracorporeal cardiopulmonary support, comprehensive monitoring, multi-organ repair, and the potential for out-of-hospital cannulation and treatment. Result: The overall survival rate at hospital discharge was 42.0%, and a favorable neurological outcome (CPC 1+2) at 90 days was achieved for 79.3% of survivors (CPC 1+2 survival 33%). IHCA survival was very favorable (51.7%), as was CPC 1+2 survival at 90 days (41%). Survival of OHCA patients was 35% and CPC 1+2 survival at 90 days was 28%. The subgroup of OHCA patients with pre-hospital cannulation showed a superior survival rate of 57.1%. Conclusions: This new strategy focusing on repairing damage to multiple organs appears to improve outcomes after CA, and these findings should provide a sound basis for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Trummer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (G.T.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Benk
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (G.T.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Steffen Pooth
- Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Wengenmayer
- Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Supady
- Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dawid L. Staudacher
- Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Domagoj Damjanovic
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (G.T.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Lunz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, 93042 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Clemens Wiest
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hug Aubin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany (A.L.)
| | - Artur Lichtenberg
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany (A.L.)
| | - Martin W. Dünser
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kepler University Hospital and Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Johannes Szasz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kepler University Hospital and Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Dinis Dos Reis Miranda
- Department of Adult Intensive Care, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J. van Thiel
- Department of Adult Intensive Care, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Gummert
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, 44791 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirschning
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, 44791 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Eike Tigges
- Asklepios Klinik St. Georg, Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 20099 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Willems
- Asklepios Klinik St. Georg, Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 20099 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedhelm Beyersdorf
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (G.T.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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13
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Tortella L, Santini I, Lozano N, Kostarelos K, Cellot G, Ballerini L. Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Hamper Glutamate Mediated Excitotoxicity and Protect Neuronal Survival In An In vitro Stroke Model. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301762. [PMID: 37706581 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Small graphene oxide (s-GO) nanosheets reversibly downregulate central nervous system (CNS) excitatory synapses, with potential developments as future therapeutic tools to treat neuro-disorders characterized by altered glutamatergic transmission. Excitotoxicity, namely cell death triggered by exceeding ambient glutamate fueling over-activation of excitatory synapses, is a pathogenic mechanism shared by several neural diseases, from ischemic stroke to neurodegenerative disorders. In this work, CNS cultures were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) to mimic ischemic stroke in vitro, and it is show that the delivery of s-GO following OGD, during the endogenous build-up of secondary damage and excitotoxicity, improved neuronal survival. In a different paradigm, excitotoxicity cell damage was reproduced through exogenous glutamate application, and s-GO co-treatment protected neuronal integrity, potentially by directly downregulating the synaptic over-activation brought about by exogenous glutamate. This proof-of-concept study suggests that s-GO may find novel applications in therapeutic developments for treating excitotoxicity-driven neural cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Tortella
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
| | - Irene Santini
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
| | - Neus Lozano
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Nanomedicine Lab, and Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Giada Cellot
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Ballerini
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
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14
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhao F, Jiang Z, Cui Y, Ou M, Mei L, Wang Q. Mitochondrial-targeted and ROS-responsive nanocarrier via nose-to-brain pathway for ischemic stroke treatment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:5107-5120. [PMID: 38045064 PMCID: PMC10692350 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress injury and mitochondrial dysfunction are major obstacles to neurological functional recovery after ischemic stroke. The development of new approaches to simultaneously diminish oxidative stress and resist mitochondrial dysfunction is urgently needed. Inspired by the overproduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) at ischemic neuron mitochondria, multifunctional nanoparticles with ROS-responsiveness and mitochondrial-targeted (SPNPs) were engineered, achieving specific targeting delivery and controllable drug release at ischemic penumbra. Due to the nose-to-brain pathway, SPNPs which were encapsulated in a thermo-sensitive gel by intranasal administration were directly delivered to the ischemic penumbra bypassing the blood‒brain barrier (BBB) and enhancing delivery efficiency. The potential of SPNPs for ischemic stroke treatment was systematically evaluated in vitro and in rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Results demonstrated the mitochondrial-targeted and protective effects of SPNPs on H2O2-induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells. In vivo distribution analyzed by fluorescence imaging proved the rapid and enhanced active targeting of SPNPs to the ischemic area in MCAO rats. SPNPs by intranasal administration exhibited superior therapeutic efficacy by alleviating oxidative stress, diminishing inflammation, repairing mitochondrial function, and decreasing apoptosis. This strategy provided a multifunctional delivery system for the effective treatment of ischemic injury, which also implies a potential application prospect for other central nervous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Haiyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Faquan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhengping Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yuanlu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Meitong Ou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Qiangsong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
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15
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Montes P, Ortíz-Islas E, Rodríguez-Pérez CE, Ruiz-Sánchez E, Silva-Adaya D, Pichardo-Rojas P, Campos-Peña V. Neuroprotective-Neurorestorative Effects Induced by Progesterone on Global Cerebral Ischemia: A Narrative Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2697. [PMID: 38140038 PMCID: PMC10747486 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Progesterone (P4) is a neuroactive hormone having pleiotropic effects, supporting its pharmacological potential to treat global (cardiac-arrest-related) cerebral ischemia, a condition associated with an elevated risk of dementia. This review examines the current biochemical, morphological, and functional evidence showing the neuroprotective/neurorestorative effects of P4 against global cerebral ischemia (GCI). Experimental findings show that P4 may counteract pathophysiological mechanisms and/or regulate endogenous mechanisms of plasticity induced by GCI. According to this, P4 treatment consistently improves the performance of cognitive functions, such as learning and memory, impaired by GCI. This functional recovery is related to the significant morphological preservation of brain structures vulnerable to ischemia when the hormone is administered before and/or after a moderate ischemic episode; and with long-term adaptive plastic restoration processes of altered brain morphology when treatment is given after an episode of severe ischemia. The insights presented here may be a guide for future basic research, including the study of P4 administration schemes that focus on promoting its post-ischemia neurorestorative effect. Furthermore, considering that functional recovery is a desired endpoint of pharmacological strategies in the clinic, they could support the study of P4 treatment for decreasing dementia in patients who have suffered an episode of GCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Montes
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunoendocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Emma Ortíz-Islas
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (E.O.-I.); (C.E.R.-P.)
| | - Citlali Ekaterina Rodríguez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (E.O.-I.); (C.E.R.-P.)
| | - Elizabeth Ruiz-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Daniela Silva-Adaya
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Pavel Pichardo-Rojas
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Victoria Campos-Peña
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
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16
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Everaerts K, Thapaliya P, Pape N, Durry S, Eitelmann S, Roussa E, Ullah G, Rose CR. Inward Operation of Sodium-Bicarbonate Cotransporter 1 Promotes Astrocytic Na + Loading and Loss of ATP in Mouse Neocortex during Brief Chemical Ischemia. Cells 2023; 12:2675. [PMID: 38067105 PMCID: PMC10705779 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic conditions cause an increase in the sodium concentration of astrocytes, driving the breakdown of ionic homeostasis and exacerbating cellular damage. Astrocytes express high levels of the electrogenic sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter1 (NBCe1), which couples intracellular Na+ homeostasis to regulation of pH and operates close to its reversal potential under physiological conditions. Here, we analyzed its mode of operation during transient energy deprivation via imaging astrocytic pH, Na+, and ATP in organotypic slice cultures of the mouse neocortex, complemented with patch-clamp and ion-selective microelectrode recordings and computational modeling. We found that a 2 min period of metabolic failure resulted in a transient acidosis accompanied by a Na+ increase in astrocytes. Inhibition of NBCe1 increased the acidosis while decreasing the Na+ load. Similar results were obtained when comparing ion changes in wild-type and Nbce1-deficient mice. Mathematical modeling replicated these findings and further predicted that NBCe1 activation contributes to the loss of cellular ATP under ischemic conditions, a result confirmed experimentally using FRET-based imaging of ATP. Altogether, our data demonstrate that transient energy failure stimulates the inward operation of NBCe1 in astrocytes. This causes a significant amelioration of ischemia-induced astrocytic acidification, albeit at the expense of increased Na+ influx and a decline in cellular ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Everaerts
- Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (K.E.); (N.P.); (S.D.); (S.E.)
| | - Pawan Thapaliya
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.T.); (G.U.)
| | - Nils Pape
- Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (K.E.); (N.P.); (S.D.); (S.E.)
| | - Simone Durry
- Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (K.E.); (N.P.); (S.D.); (S.E.)
| | - Sara Eitelmann
- Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (K.E.); (N.P.); (S.D.); (S.E.)
| | - Eleni Roussa
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 17, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Ghanim Ullah
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.T.); (G.U.)
| | - Christine R. Rose
- Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (K.E.); (N.P.); (S.D.); (S.E.)
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17
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Pooth JS, Liu Y, Petzold R, Scherer C, Benning L, Kreibich M, Czerny M, Beyersdorf F, Benk C, Trummer G, Brixius SJ. Effects of Prolonged Serum Calcium Suppression during Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Pigs. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2612. [PMID: 37892986 PMCID: PMC10604109 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlled reperfusion by monitoring the blood pressure, blood flow, and specific blood parameters during extracorporeal reperfusion after cardiac arrest has the potential to limit ischemia-reperfusion injury. The intracellular calcium overload as part of the ischemia-reperfusion injury provides the possibility for the injury to be counteracted by the early suppression of serum calcium with the aim of improving survival and the neurological outcome. We investigated the effects of prolonged serum calcium suppression via sodium citrate during extracorporeal resuscitation using the CARL protocol (CARL-controlled automated reperfusion of the whole body) compared to a single-dose approach in a porcine model after prolonged cardiac arrest. A control group (N = 10) was resuscitated after a 20 min cardiac arrest, initially lowering the intravascular calcium with the help of a single dose of sodium citrate as part of the priming solution. Animals in the intervention group (N = 13) received additional sodium citrate for the first 15 min of reperfusion. In the control group, 9/10 (90.0%) animals survived until day 7 and 7/13 (53.8%) survived in the intervention group (p = 0.09). A favorable neurological outcome on day 7 after the cardiac arrest was observed in all the surviving animals using a species-specific neurological deficit score. The coronary perfusion pressure was significantly lower with a tendency towards more cardiac arrhythmias in the intervention group. In conclusion, a prolonged reduction in serum calcium levels over the first 15 min of reperfusion after prolonged cardiac arrest tended to be unfavorable regarding survival and hemodynamic variables compared to a single-dose approach in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Steffen Pooth
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.-S.P.); (R.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Yechi Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.L.); (C.S.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (F.B.); (C.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Ralf Petzold
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.-S.P.); (R.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Christian Scherer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.L.); (C.S.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (F.B.); (C.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Leo Benning
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.-S.P.); (R.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Maximilian Kreibich
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.L.); (C.S.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (F.B.); (C.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Martin Czerny
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.L.); (C.S.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (F.B.); (C.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Friedhelm Beyersdorf
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.L.); (C.S.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (F.B.); (C.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Christoph Benk
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.L.); (C.S.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (F.B.); (C.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Georg Trummer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.L.); (C.S.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (F.B.); (C.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Sam Joé Brixius
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.L.); (C.S.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (F.B.); (C.B.); (G.T.)
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18
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Neves D, Salazar IL, Almeida RD, Silva RM. Molecular mechanisms of ischemia and glutamate excitotoxicity. Life Sci 2023; 328:121814. [PMID: 37236602 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Excitotoxicity is classically defined as the neuronal damage caused by the excessive release of glutamate, and subsequent activation of excitatory plasma membrane receptors. In the mammalian brain, this phenomenon is mainly driven by excessive activation of glutamate receptors (GRs). Excitotoxicity is common to several chronic disorders of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and is considered the primary mechanism of neuronal loss of function and cell death in acute CNS diseases (e.g. ischemic stroke). Multiple mechanisms and pathways lead to excitotoxic cell damage including pro-death signaling cascade events downstream of glutamate receptors, calcium (Ca2+) overload, oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, excessive glutamate in the synaptic cleft as well as altered energy metabolism. Here, we review the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms that underlie excitotoxicity, emphasizing the role of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism. We also discuss novel and promising therapeutic strategies to treat excitotoxicity, highlighting recent clinical trials. Finally, we will shed light on the ongoing search for stroke biomarkers, an exciting and promising field of research, which may improve stroke diagnosis, prognosis and allow better treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Neves
- iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ivan L Salazar
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Ageing, MIA - Portugal, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ramiro D Almeida
- iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Raquel M Silva
- iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Saúde, Viseu, Portugal.
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19
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Schoenthal T, Hoiland R, Griesdale DE, Sekhon MS. Cerebral hemodynamics after cardiac arrest: implications for clinical management. Minerva Anestesiol 2023; 89:824-833. [PMID: 37676177 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.23.17268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Following resuscitation from cardiac arrest, hypoxic ischemic brain injury (HIBI) ensues, which is the primary determinant of adverse outcome. The pathophysiology of HIBI can be compartmentalized into primary and secondary injury, resulting from cerebral ischemia during cardiac arrest and reperfusion following successful resuscitation, respectively. During the secondary injury phase, increased attention has been directed towards the optimization of cerebral oxygen delivery to prevent additive injury to the brain. During this phase, cerebral hemodynamics are characterized by early hyperemia following resuscitation and then a protracted phase of cerebral hypoperfusion termed "no-reflow" during which additional hypoxic-ischemic injury can occur. As such, identification of therapeutic strategies to optimize cerebral delivery of oxygen is at the forefront of HIBI research. Unfortunately, randomized control trials investigating the manipulation of arterial carbon dioxide tension and mean arterial pressure augmentation as methods to potentially improve cerebral oxygen delivery have shown no impact on clinical outcomes. Emerging literature suggests differential patient-specific phenotypes may exist in patients with HIBI. The potential to personalize therapeutic strategies in the critical care setting based upon patient-specific pathophysiology presents an attractive strategy to improve HIBI outcomes. Herein, we review the cerebral hemodynamic pathophysiology of HIBI, discuss patient phenotypes as it pertains to personalizing care, as well as suggest future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tison Schoenthal
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan Hoiland
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Center for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Donald E Griesdale
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mypinder S Sekhon
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada -
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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20
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Hoiland RL, Robba C, Menon DK, Citerio G, Sandroni C, Sekhon MS. Clinical targeting of the cerebral oxygen cascade to improve brain oxygenation in patients with hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury after cardiac arrest. Intensive Care Med 2023; 49:1062-1078. [PMID: 37507572 PMCID: PMC10499700 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-023-07165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The cerebral oxygen cascade includes three key stages: (a) convective oxygen delivery representing the bulk flow of oxygen to the cerebral vascular bed; (b) diffusion of oxygen from the blood into brain tissue; and (c) cellular utilisation of oxygen for aerobic metabolism. All three stages may become dysfunctional after resuscitation from cardiac arrest and contribute to hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury (HIBI). Improving convective cerebral oxygen delivery by optimising cerebral blood flow has been widely investigated as a strategy to mitigate HIBI. However, clinical trials aimed at optimising convective oxygen delivery have yielded neutral results. Advances in the understanding of HIBI pathophysiology suggest that impairments in the stages of the oxygen cascade pertaining to oxygen diffusion and cellular utilisation of oxygen should also be considered in identifying therapeutic strategies for the clinical management of HIBI patients. Culprit mechanisms for these impairments may include a widening of the diffusion barrier due to peri-vascular oedema and mitochondrial dysfunction. An integrated approach encompassing both intra-parenchymal and non-invasive neuromonitoring techniques may aid in detecting pathophysiologic changes in the oxygen cascade and enable patient-specific management aimed at reducing the severity of HIBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Hoiland
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Collaborative Entity for REsearching Brain Ischemia (CEREBRI), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Chiara Robba
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - David K Menon
- Department of Medicine, University Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giuseppe Citerio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Claudio Sandroni
- Department of Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Anaesthesiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli", IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Mypinder S Sekhon
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Collaborative Entity for REsearching Brain Ischemia (CEREBRI), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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21
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Jang DC, Choi S, Chung G, Kim SK. Global Cerebral Ischemia-induced Depression Accompanies Alteration of Neuronal Excitability in the Infralimbic Cortex Layer 2/3 Pyramidal Neurons. Exp Neurobiol 2023; 32:302-312. [PMID: 37749930 PMCID: PMC10569139 DOI: 10.5607/en23017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia can lead to a range of sequelae, including depression. The pathogenesis of depression involves neuronal change of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). However, how cerebral ischemia-induced changes manifest across subregions and layers of the mPFC is not well understood. In this study, we induced cerebral ischemia in mice via transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (tBCCAO) and observed depressive-like behavior. Using whole-cell patch clamp recording, we identified changes in the excitability of pyramidal neurons in the prelimbic cortex (PL) and infralimbic cortex (IL), the subregions of mPFC. Compared to sham control mice, tBCCAO mice showed significantly reduced neuronal excitability in IL layer 2/3 but not layer 5 pyramidal neurons, accompanied by increased rheobase current and decreased input resistance. In contrast, no changes were observed in the excitability of PL layer 2/3 and layer 5 pyramidal neurons. Our results provide a new direction for studying the pathogenesis of depression following ischemic damage by showing that cerebral ischemia induces subregion- and layer-specific changes in the mPFC pyramidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cheol Jang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Seunghwan Choi
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Geehoon Chung
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Sun Kwang Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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22
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Hoedemaekers C, Hofmeijer J, Horn J. Value of EEG in outcome prediction of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in the ICU: A narrative review. Resuscitation 2023; 189:109900. [PMID: 37419237 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Prognostication of comatose patients after cardiac arrest aims to identify patients with a large probability of favourable or unfavouble outcome, usually within the first week after the event. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a technique that is increasingly used for this purpose and has many advantages, such as its non-invasive nature and the possibility to monitor the evolution of brain function over time. At the same time, use of EEG in a critical care environment faces a number of challenges. This narrative review describes the current role and future applications of EEG for outcome prediction of comatose patients with postanoxic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Hoedemaekers
- Department of Critical Care, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jeannette Hofmeijer
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | - Janneke Horn
- Department of Critical Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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23
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Pape N, Rose CR. Activation of TRPV4 channels promotes the loss of cellular ATP in organotypic slices of the mouse neocortex exposed to chemical ischemia. J Physiol 2023; 601:2975-2990. [PMID: 37195195 DOI: 10.1113/jp284430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate brain has an exceptionally high energy need. During ischemia, intracellular ATP concentrations decline rapidly, resulting in the breakdown of ion gradients and cellular damage. Here, we employed the nanosensor ATeam1.03YEMK to analyse the pathways driving the loss of ATP upon transient metabolic inhibition in neurons and astrocytes of the mouse neocortex. We demonstrate that brief chemical ischemia, induced by combined inhibition of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, results in a transient decrease in intracellular ATP. Neurons experienced a larger relative decline and showed less ability to recover from prolonged (>5 min) metabolic inhibition than astrocytes. Blocking voltage-gated Na+ channels or NMDA receptors ameliorated the ATP decline in neurons and astrocytes, while blocking glutamate uptake aggravated the overall reduction in neuronal ATP, confirming the central role of excitatory neuronal activity in the cellular energy loss. Unexpectedly, pharmacological inhibition of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels significantly reduced the ischemia-induced decline in ATP in both cell types. Imaging with Na+ -sensitive indicator dye ING-2 furthermore showed that TRPV4 inhibition also reduced ischemia-induced increases in intracellular Na+ . Altogether, our results demonstrate that neurons exhibit a higher vulnerability to brief metabolic inhibition than astrocytes. Moreover, they reveal an unexpected strong contribution of TRPV4 channels to the loss of cellular ATP and suggest that the demonstrated TRPV4-related ATP consumption is most likely a direct consequence of Na+ influx. Activation of TRPV4 channels thus provides a hitherto unacknowledged contribution to the cellular energy loss during energy failure, generating a significant metabolic cost in ischemic conditions. KEY POINTS: In the ischemic brain, cellular ATP concentrations decline rapidly, which results in the collapse of ion gradients and promotes cellular damage and death. We analysed the pathways driving the loss of ATP upon transient metabolic inhibition in neurons and astrocytes of the mouse neocortex. Our results confirm the central role of excitatory neuronal activity in the cellular energy loss and demonstrate that neurons experience a larger decline in ATP and are more vulnerable to brief metabolic stress than astrocytes. Our study also reveals a new, previously unknown involvement of osmotically activated transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels to the reduction in cellular ATP in both cell types and indicates that this is a consequence of TRPV4-mediated Na+ influx. We conclude that activation of TRPV4 channels provides a considerable contribution to the cellular energy loss, thereby generating a significant metabolic cost in ischemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Pape
- Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christine R Rose
- Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
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24
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VanZalen JJ, Harvey S, Hála P, Phillips A, Nakashima T, Gok E, Tiba MH, McCracken BM, Hill JE, Liao J, Jung J, Mergos J, Stacey WC, Bartlett RH, Hsu CH, Rojas-Peña A, Neumar RW. Therapeutic Effect of Argatroban During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Streptokinase During Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in a Porcine Model of Prolonged Cardiac Arrest. Crit Care Explor 2023; 5:e0902. [PMID: 37181541 PMCID: PMC10174369 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged cardiac arrest (CA) causes microvascular thrombosis which is a potential barrier to organ reperfusion during extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that early intra-arrest anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and thrombolytic therapy during ECPR improve recovery of brain and heart function in a porcine model of prolonged out-of-hospital CA. DESIGN Randomized interventional trial. SETTING University laboratory. SUBJECTS Swine. INTERVENTIONS In a blinded study, 48 swine were subjected to 8 minutes of ventricular fibrillation CA followed by 30 minutes of goal-directed CPR and 8 hours of ECPR. Animals were randomized into four groups (n = 12) and given either placebo (P) or argatroban (ARG; 350 mg/kg) at minute 12 of CA and either placebo (P) or streptokinase (STK, 1.5 MU) at the onset of ECPR. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Primary outcomes included recovery of cardiac function measured by cardiac resuscitability score (CRS: range 0-6) and recovery of brain function measured by the recovery of somatosensory-evoked potential (SSEP) cortical response amplitude. There were no significant differences in recovery of cardiac function as measured by CRS between groups (p = 0.16): P + P 2.3 (1.0); ARG + P = 3.4 (2.1); P + STK = 1.6 (2.0); ARG + STK = 2.9 (2.1). There were no significant differences in the maximum recovery of SSEP cortical response relative to baseline between groups (p = 0.73): P + P = 23% (13%); ARG + P = 20% (13%); P + STK = 25% (14%); ARG + STK = 26% (13%). Histologic analysis demonstrated reduced myocardial necrosis and neurodegeneration in the ARG + STK group relative to the P + P group. CONCLUSIONS In this swine model of prolonged CA treated with ECPR, early intra-arrest anticoagulation during goal-directed CPR and thrombolytic therapy during ECPR did not improve initial recovery of heart and brain function but did reduce histologic evidence of ischemic injury. The impact of this therapeutic strategy on the long-term recovery of cardiovascular and neurological function requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jensyn J VanZalen
- Department of Surgery and Extracorporeal Life Support Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Stephen Harvey
- Department of Surgery and Extracorporeal Life Support Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Pavel Hála
- Department of Surgery and Extracorporeal Life Support Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Annie Phillips
- Department of Surgery and Extracorporeal Life Support Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Takahiro Nakashima
- Department of Surgery and Extracorporeal Life Support Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Emergency Medicine and The Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Emre Gok
- Department of Surgery and Extracorporeal Life Support Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mohamad Hakam Tiba
- Department of Emergency Medicine and The Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Brendan M McCracken
- Department of Emergency Medicine and The Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Joseph E Hill
- Department of Surgery and Extracorporeal Life Support Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jinhui Liao
- Department of Emergency Medicine and The Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Joshua Jung
- Department of Surgery and Extracorporeal Life Support Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Joshua Mergos
- Movement Science, University of Michigan School of Kinesiology, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - William C Stacey
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Robert H Bartlett
- Department of Surgery and Extracorporeal Life Support Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Cindy H Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine and The Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alvaro Rojas-Peña
- Department of Surgery and Extracorporeal Life Support Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Surgery Section of Transplantation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Robert W Neumar
- Department of Emergency Medicine and The Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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25
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Kylies D, Zimmermann M, Haas F, Schwerk M, Kuehl M, Brehler M, Czogalla J, Hernandez LC, Konczalla L, Okabayashi Y, Menzel J, Edenhofer I, Mezher S, Aypek H, Dumoulin B, Wu H, Hofmann S, Kretz O, Wanner N, Tomas NM, Krasemann S, Glatzel M, Kuppe C, Kramann R, Banjanin B, Schneider RK, Urbschat C, Arck P, Gagliani N, van Zandvoort M, Wiech T, Grahammer F, Sáez PJ, Wong MN, Bonn S, Huber TB, Puelles VG. Expansion-enhanced super-resolution radial fluctuations enable nanoscale molecular profiling of pathology specimens. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:336-342. [PMID: 37037895 PMCID: PMC10115634 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Expansion microscopy physically enlarges biological specimens to achieve nanoscale resolution using diffraction-limited microscopy systems1. However, optimal performance is usually reached using laser-based systems (for example, confocal microscopy), restricting its broad applicability in clinical pathology, as most centres have access only to light-emitting diode (LED)-based widefield systems. As a possible alternative, a computational method for image resolution enhancement, namely, super-resolution radial fluctuations (SRRF)2,3, has recently been developed. However, this method has not been explored in pathology specimens to date, because on its own, it does not achieve sufficient resolution for routine clinical use. Here, we report expansion-enhanced super-resolution radial fluctuations (ExSRRF), a simple, robust, scalable and accessible workflow that provides a resolution of up to 25 nm using LED-based widefield microscopy. ExSRRF enables molecular profiling of subcellular structures from archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues in complex clinical and experimental specimens, including ischaemic, degenerative, neoplastic, genetic and immune-mediated disorders. Furthermore, as examples of its potential application to experimental and clinical pathology, we show that ExSRRF can be used to identify and quantify classical features of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the murine ischaemic kidney and diagnostic ultrastructural features in human kidney biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Kylies
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Center On Rare Kidney Diseases (RECORD), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marina Zimmermann
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Biomedical AI (bAIome), Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Haas
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Schwerk
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Kuehl
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Biomedical AI (bAIome), Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Brehler
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Biomedical AI (bAIome), Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Czogalla
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lola C Hernandez
- Cell Communication and Migration Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology (IBMZ), Center for Experimental Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Konczalla
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yusuke Okabayashi
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ilka Edenhofer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sam Mezher
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hande Aypek
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Dumoulin
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hui Wu
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Smilla Hofmann
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Kretz
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Wanner
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola M Tomas
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Krasemann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Kuppe
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology and Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology and Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bella Banjanin
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rebekka K Schneider
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cell and Tumor Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christopher Urbschat
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Division of Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra Arck
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Division of Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc van Zandvoort
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University, School for Oncology and Reproduction GROW, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience MHeNS, and School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wiech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Grahammer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pablo J Sáez
- Cell Communication and Migration Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology (IBMZ), Center for Experimental Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Milagros N Wong
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stefan Bonn
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Biomedical AI (bAIome), Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Victor G Puelles
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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26
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Pooth JS, Brixius SJ, Scherer C, Diel P, Liu Y, Taunyane IC, Damjanovic D, Wolkewitz M, Haberstroh J, Benk C, Trummer G, Beyersdorf F. Limiting calcium overload after cardiac arrest: The role of human albumin in controlled automated reperfusion of the whole body. Perfusion 2023; 38:622-630. [PMID: 35343319 DOI: 10.1177/02676591211073779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regarding the overall inadequate results after cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the development of new treatment concepts is urgently needed. Controlled Automated Reperfusion of the whoLe body (CARL) represents a therapy bundle to control the conditions of reperfusion and the composition of the reperfusate after cardiac arrest (CA). The aim of this study was to investigate the plasma expander's role in the CARL priming solution and examine its mechanism of action. METHODS Viscosity, osmolality, colloid osmotic pressure (COP), pH and calcium binding of different priming solutions were measured in vitro and compared to in vivo data. N = 16 pigs were allocated to receive CARL following 20 min of untreated CA with either human albumin 20% (HA, N = 8) or gelatin polysuccinate 4% (GP, N = 8). Blood gas analyses were performed during the first hour of reperfusion and catecholamine and fluid requirements were recorded. Neurological outcome was assessed by neurological deficit scoring (NDS) on the seventh day. RESULTS In vitro, addition of HA to the CARL priming solution resulted in higher COP and higher calcium-binding than GP. In vivo, treatment with HA led to greater reduction of ionized calcium and higher extracorporeal flows within the first 30 min of reperfusion with no difference in catecholamine support and fluid requirement. Seven-day survival of 75% with no difference in NDS was observed in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that the plasma expander in the CARL priming solution has a significant effect on the initial reperfusate and can potentially influence the course of resuscitation. However, seven-day survival and NDS did not differ between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Steffen Pooth
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 9202University Heart Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 9174University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sam J Brixius
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 9202University Heart Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 9174University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Scherer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 9202University Heart Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 9174University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patric Diel
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 9202University Heart Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 9174University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yechi Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 9202University Heart Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 9174University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Itumeleng C Taunyane
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Domagoj Damjanovic
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 9202University Heart Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 9174University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Wolkewitz
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, 9174University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Haberstroh
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Center for Experimental Models and Transgenic Service, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 9174University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Benk
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 9202University Heart Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 9174University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Trummer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 9202University Heart Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 9174University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Friedhelm Beyersdorf
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 9202University Heart Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 9174University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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27
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Philipp A, Pooth JS, Benk C, Mueller T, Lunz D. Enabling the control of reperfusion parameters in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: First applications of the CARL system. Perfusion 2023; 38:436-439. [PMID: 36416680 PMCID: PMC9932608 DOI: 10.1177/02676591221141325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is increasing evidence for extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) as a rescue therapy for selected patients in refractory cardiac arrest (CA). Besides patient selection, the control of reperfusion parameters is of eminent importance. Especially in out-of-hospital CA, monitoring and individualized, targeted reperfusion remains a great challenge for emergency personnel. The CARL® system is designed to enable an early control of a variety of reperfusion parameters and to pursue a targeted reperfusion strategy in ECPR. CASE PRESENTATION We report the first 10 ECPR applications of the CARL® system in Regensburg, Germany. Early blood gas analysis, oxygen titration and pressure monitoring were feasible and enabled an individualized and targeted reperfusion strategy in all patients. After suffering from refractory CA and prolonged resuscitation attempts, five out of the first 10 patients survived and were successfully discharged from the hospital (CPC one on hospital discharge). CONCLUSION Application of the CARL® system contributed to early monitoring and control of reperfusion parameters. Whether targeted ECPR may have the potential to improve outcomes in refractory OHCA remains the subject of future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alois Philipp
- Department of Cardiothoracic
Surgery, University
Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg,
Germany
| | - Jan-Steffen Pooth
- Department of Cardiovascular
Surgery, University
Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg,
Germany,Faculty of Medicine,
Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg,
Germany,Resuscitec
GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Benk
- Department of Cardiovascular
Surgery, University
Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg,
Germany,Faculty of Medicine,
Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg,
Germany,Resuscitec
GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Department of Internal Medicine II,
University
Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg,
Germany
| | - Dirk Lunz
- Department of Anesthesiology,
University
Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg,
Germany,Dirk Lunz, Department of Anesthesiology,
University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93042
Regensburg, Germany.
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28
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Edlow BL, Kinney HC. Defining the boundary between life and death: New insights from neuropathology. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 82:3-5. [PMID: 36519398 PMCID: PMC9764079 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Edlow
- Send correspondence to: Brian L. Edlow, MD, Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 101 Merrimac Street—Suite 310, Boston, MA 02114, USA; E-mail:
| | - Hannah C Kinney
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Zhao ZA, Qiu J, Li W, Zhao YG, Liu X, Sun XH, Li XL, Liu L, Tao L, Chen MR, Chen HS. Changes in blood gas values and electrolytes in the occluded artery predict outcomes after endovascular treatment in ischemic stroke. J Neuroradiol 2022; 50:415-423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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30
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Hahn KR, Kwon HJ, Yoon YS, Kim DW, Hwang IK. Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 protects against ischemic damage in the gerbil hippocampus. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8886-8899. [PMID: 36260875 PMCID: PMC9740370 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) is a metabolic enzyme that converts 1,3-diphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate. In the current study, we synthesized a PEP-1-PGK1 fusion protein that can cross the blood-brain barrier and cell membrane, and the effects of PEP-1-PGK1 against oxidative stress were investigated HT22 cells and ischemic gerbil brain. The PEP-1-PGK1 protein and its control protein (Con-PGK1) were treated and permeability was evaluated HT22 cells. The PEP-1-PGK1 was introduced into HT22 cells depending on its concentration and incubation time and was gradually degraded over 36 h after treatment. PEP-1-PGK1, but not Con-PGK1, significantly ameliorated H2O2-induced cell damage and reactive oxygen species formation in HT22 cells. Additionally, PEP-1-PGK1, but not Con-PGK1, mitigated ischemia-induced hyperlocomotion 1 d after ischemia and 4 d after ischemia of neuronic cell death. PEP-1-PGK1 treatment significantly alleviated the raised lactate and succinate dehydrogenase activities in the early (15 min to 6 h) and late (4 and 7 d) stages of ischemia, respectively. In addition, PEP-1-PGK1 treatment ameliorated the decrease in ATP and pH levels in the late stage (2-7 d) of ischemia. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels accelerated the ischemia-induced increase in the hippocampus 1 d after ischemia after PEP-1-PGK1 treatment. Neuroprotective and ameliorative effects were prominent at a low concentration (0.1 mg/kg), but not at a high concentration (1 mg/kg), of PEP-1-PGK1. Collectively, low concentrations of PEP-1-PGK1 prevented neuronal stress by increasing energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Ri Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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31
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Coppler PJ, Flickinger KL, Darby JM, Doshi A, Guyette FX, Faro J, Callaway CW, Elmer J. Early risk stratification for progression to death by neurological criteria following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2022; 179:248-255. [PMID: 35914657 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) progress to death by neurological criteria (DNC). We hypothesized that initial brain imaging, electroencephalography (EEG), and arrest characteristics predict progression to DNC. METHODS We identified comatose OHCA patients from January 2010 to February 2020 treated at a single quaternary care facility in Western Pennsylvania. We abstracted demographics and arrest characteristics; Pittsburgh Cardiac Arrest Category, initial motor exam and pupillary light reflex; initial brain computed tomography (CT) grey-to-white ratio (GWR), sulcal or basal cistern effacement; initial EEG background and suppression ratio. We used two modeling approaches: fast and frugal tree (FFT) analysis to create an interpretable clinical risk stratification tool and ridge regression for comparison. We used bootstrapping to randomly partition cases into 80% training and 20% test sets and evaluated test set sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS We included 1,569 patients, of whom 147 (9%) had diagnosed DNC. Across bootstrap samples, >99% of FFTs included three predictors: sulcal effacement, and in cases without sulcal effacement, the combination of EEG background suppression and GWR ≤ 1.23. This tree had mean sensitivity and specificity of 87% and 81%. Ridge regression with all available predictors had mean sensitivity 91 % and mean specificity 83%. Subjects falsely predicted as likely to progress to DNC generally died of rearrest or withdrawal of life sustaining therapies due to poor neurological prognosis. Two of these cases awakened from coma during the index hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS Sulcal effacement on presenting brain CT or EEG suppression with GWR ≤ 1.23 predict progression to DNC after OHCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Coppler
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | - Joseph M Darby
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ankur Doshi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francis X Guyette
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John Faro
- Department of Family Medicine, Soin Medical Center - Kettering Health Network, Beavercreek, OH, USA
| | - Clifton W Callaway
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Elmer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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32
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Andrijevic D, Vrselja Z, Lysyy T, Zhang S, Skarica M, Spajic A, Dellal D, Thorn SL, Duckrow RB, Ma S, Duy PQ, Isiktas AU, Liang D, Li M, Kim SK, Daniele SG, Banu K, Perincheri S, Menon MC, Huttner A, Sheth KN, Gobeske KT, Tietjen GT, Zaveri HP, Latham SR, Sinusas AJ, Sestan N. Cellular recovery after prolonged warm ischaemia of the whole body. Nature 2022; 608:405-412. [PMID: 35922506 PMCID: PMC9518831 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
After cessation of blood flow or similar ischaemic exposures, deleterious molecular cascades commence in mammalian cells, eventually leading to their death1,2. Yet with targeted interventions, these processes can be mitigated or reversed, even minutes or hours post mortem, as also reported in the isolated porcine brain using BrainEx technology3. To date, translating single-organ interventions to intact, whole-body applications remains hampered by circulatory and multisystem physiological challenges. Here we describe OrganEx, an adaptation of the BrainEx extracorporeal pulsatile-perfusion system and cytoprotective perfusate for porcine whole-body settings. After 1 h of warm ischaemia, OrganEx application preserved tissue integrity, decreased cell death and restored selected molecular and cellular processes across multiple vital organs. Commensurately, single-nucleus transcriptomic analysis revealed organ- and cell-type-specific gene expression patterns that are reflective of specific molecular and cellular repair processes. Our analysis comprises a comprehensive resource of cell-type-specific changes during defined ischaemic intervals and perfusion interventions spanning multiple organs, and it reveals an underappreciated potential for cellular recovery after prolonged whole-body warm ischaemia in a large mammal.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Andrijevic
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,These authors contributed equally: David Andrijevic, Zvonimir Vrselja, Taras Lysyy, Shupei Zhang
| | - Zvonimir Vrselja
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,These authors contributed equally: David Andrijevic, Zvonimir Vrselja, Taras Lysyy, Shupei Zhang
| | - Taras Lysyy
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine New Haven, New Haven, CT, USA.,These authors contributed equally: David Andrijevic, Zvonimir Vrselja, Taras Lysyy, Shupei Zhang
| | - Shupei Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,These authors contributed equally: David Andrijevic, Zvonimir Vrselja, Taras Lysyy, Shupei Zhang
| | - Mario Skarica
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ana Spajic
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Dellal
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephanie L. Thorn
- Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert B. Duckrow
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shaojie Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Phan Q. Duy
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program (MD-PhD), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Atagun U. Isiktas
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dan Liang
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mingfeng Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Suel-Kee Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stefano G. Daniele
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program (MD-PhD), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Khadija Banu
- Department of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sudhir Perincheri
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Madhav C. Menon
- Department of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anita Huttner
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kevin N. Sheth
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kevin T. Gobeske
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gregory T. Tietjen
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine New Haven, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hitten P. Zaveri
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephen R. Latham
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioethics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Albert J. Sinusas
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nenad Sestan
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Tauskela JS, Brunette E, Aylsworth A, Zhao X. Neuroprotection against supra-lethal 'stroke in a dish' insults by an anti-excitotoxic receptor antagonist cocktail. Neurochem Int 2022; 158:105381. [PMID: 35764225 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to identify cocktails of drugs able to protect cultured rodent cortical neurons against increasing durations of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). As expected, a cocktail composed of an NMDA and AMPA receptor antagonists and a voltage gated Ca2+ channel blocker (MK-801, CNQX and nifedipine, respectively) provided complete neuroprotection against mild OGD. Increasingly longer durations of OGD necessitated increasing the doses of MK-801 and CNQX, until these cocktails ultimately failed to provide neuroprotection against supra-lethal OGD, even at maximal drug concentrations. Surprisingly, supplementation of any of these cocktails with blockers of TRPM7 channels for increasing OGD durations was not neuroprotective, unless these blockers possessed the ability to inhibit NMDA receptors. Supplementation of the maximally effective cocktail with other NMDA receptor antagonists augmented neuroprotection, suggesting insufficient NMDAR blockade by MK-801. Substitution of MK-801 in cocktails with high concentrations of a glycine site NMDA receptor antagonist caused the greatest improvements in neuroprotection, with the more potent SM-31900 superior to L689,560. Substitution of CQNX in cocktails with AMPA receptor antagonists at high concentrations also improved neuroprotection, particularly with the combination of SYM 2206 and NBQX. The most neuroprotective cocktail was thus composed of SM-31900, SYM2206, NBQX, nifedipine and the antioxidant trolox. Thus, the cumulative properties of antagonist potency and concentration in a cocktail dictate neuroprotective efficacy. The central target of supra-lethal OGD is excitotoxicity, which must be blocked to the greatest extent possible to minimize ion influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Tauskela
- National Research Council of Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Building M-54, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0R6.
| | - Eric Brunette
- National Research Council of Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Building M-54, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0R6
| | - Amy Aylsworth
- National Research Council of Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Building M-54, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0R6
| | - Xigeng Zhao
- National Research Council of Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Building M-54, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0R6
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Bernhard P, Bretthauer BA, Brixius SJ, Bügener H, Groh JE, Scherer C, Damjanovic D, Haberstroh J, Trummer G, Benk C, Beyersdorf F, Schilling O, Pooth JS. Serum proteome alterations during conventional and extracorporeal resuscitation in pigs. J Transl Med 2022; 20:238. [PMID: 35606879 PMCID: PMC9125930 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Only a small number of patients survive an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (CA) and can be discharged from hospital alive with a large percentage of these patients retaining neurological impairments. In recent years, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) has emerged as a beneficial strategy to optimize cardiac arrest treatment. However, ECPR is still associated with various complications. To reduce these problems, a profound understanding of the underlying mechanisms is required. This study aims to investigate the effects of CA, conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and ECPR using a whole-body reperfusion protocol (controlled and automated reperfusion of the whole body—CARL) on the serum proteome profiles in a pig model of refractory CA. Methods N = 7 pigs underwent 5 min of untreated CA followed by 30 min CPR and 120 min perfusion with CARL. Blood samples for proteomic analysis were drawn at baseline, after CPR and at the end of the CARL period. Following albumin-depletion, proteomic analysis was performed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Results N = 21 serum samples were measured resulting in the identification and quantification of 308–360 proteins per sample and 388 unique proteins in total. The three serum proteome profiles at the investigated time points clustered individually and segregated almost completely when considering a 90% confidence interval. Differential expression analysis showed significant abundance changes in 27 proteins between baseline and after CPR and in 9 proteins after CARL compared to CPR. Significant findings were further validated through a co-abundance cluster analysis corroborating the observed abundance changes. Conclusions The presented data highlight the impact of systemic ischemia and reperfusion on the entire serum proteome during resuscitation with a special focus on changes regarding haemolysis, coagulation, inflammation, and cell-death processes. Generally, the observed changes contribute to post-ischemic complications. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms during CA and resuscitation may help to limit these complications and improve therapeutic options. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03441-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bernhard
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Berit Amelie Bretthauer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sam Joé Brixius
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Bügener
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Elias Groh
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Scherer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Domagoj Damjanovic
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Haberstroh
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Center for Experimental Models and Transgenic Service, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Trummer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Benk
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Friedhelm Beyersdorf
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Steffen Pooth
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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Brixius SJ, Pooth JS, Haberstroh J, Damjanovic D, Scherer C, Greiner P, Benk C, Beyersdorf F, Trummer G. Beneficial Effects of Adjusted Perfusion and Defibrillation Strategies on Rhythm Control within Controlled Automated Reperfusion of the Whole Body (CARL) for Refractory Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082111. [PMID: 35456204 PMCID: PMC9031732 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival and neurological outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remain low. The further development of prehospital extracorporeal resuscitation (ECPR) towards Controlled Automated Reperfusion of the Whole Body (CARL) has the potential to improve survival and outcome in these patients. In CARL therapy, pulsatile, high blood-flow reperfusion is performed combined with several modified reperfusion parameters and adjusted defibrillation strategies. We aimed to investigate whether pulsatile, high-flow reperfusion is feasible in refractory OHCA and whether the CARL approach improves heart-rhythm control during ECPR. In a reality-based porcine model of refractory OHCA, 20 pigs underwent prehospital CARL or conventional ECPR. Significantly higher pulsatile blood-flow proved to be feasible, and critical hypotension was consistently prevented via CARL. In the CARL group, spontaneous rhythm conversions were observed using a modified priming solution. Applying potassium-induced secondary cardioplegia proved to be a safe and effective method for sustained rhythm conversion. Moreover, significantly fewer defibrillation attempts were needed, and cardiac arrhythmias were reduced during reperfusion via CARL. Prehospital CARL therapy thus not only proved to be feasible after prolonged OHCA, but it turned out to be superior to conventional ECPR regarding rhythm control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Joé Brixius
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.-S.P.); (D.D.); (C.S.); (P.G.); (C.B.); (F.B.); (G.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jan-Steffen Pooth
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.-S.P.); (D.D.); (C.S.); (P.G.); (C.B.); (F.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Jörg Haberstroh
- Centre for Experimental Models and Transgenic Service, Department of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Domagoj Damjanovic
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.-S.P.); (D.D.); (C.S.); (P.G.); (C.B.); (F.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Christian Scherer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.-S.P.); (D.D.); (C.S.); (P.G.); (C.B.); (F.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Philipp Greiner
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.-S.P.); (D.D.); (C.S.); (P.G.); (C.B.); (F.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Christoph Benk
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.-S.P.); (D.D.); (C.S.); (P.G.); (C.B.); (F.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Friedhelm Beyersdorf
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.-S.P.); (D.D.); (C.S.); (P.G.); (C.B.); (F.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Georg Trummer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.-S.P.); (D.D.); (C.S.); (P.G.); (C.B.); (F.B.); (G.T.)
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36
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Pooth J, Trummer G, Benk C, Beyersdorf F. Important factors regarding the analysis of extracorporeal blood flow in extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation 2022; 173:201-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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CARL – kontrollierte Reperfusion des ganzen Körpers. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2022; 36:100-106. [PMID: 35194327 PMCID: PMC8856600 DOI: 10.1007/s00398-022-00491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hintergrund Inzidenz und Letalität des akuten Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstands sind seit Jahrzehnten gleichbleibend hoch. Fragestellung Wie lassen sich die derzeit unbefriedigenden Ergebnisse nach einer Reanimation mit Blick auf das Überleben und die neurologischen, v. a. mit Blick auf die zerebralen Folgeschäden verbessern? Material und Methoden Entwicklung eines therapeutischen Verfahrens zur Eindämmung des Ischämie‑/Reperfusionsschadens im Tiermodell. Entwicklung eines für die Reanimation optimierten Gerätesystems, mit dem sich eine kontrollierte Ganzkörperreperfusion auch außerklinisch umsetzen lässt. Ergebnisse Etablierung der CARL-Therapie in der Klinik und in der Behandlung von OHCA-Patienten. Übernahme der Therapie und des CARL-Systems in eine klinische Beobachtungsstudie. Erste Fallberichte, in denen Patienten einen OHCA auch nach Ischämiezeiten bis zu 2 h ohne Schädigung des Gehirns überlebten. Schlussfolgerungen Die CARL-Therapie eignet sich potenziell zur Behandlung reanimationspflichtiger Patienten mit einem auch über längere Zeit therapierefraktären Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand.
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Zhang H, Xie Q, Hu J. Neuroprotective Effect of Physical Activity in Ischemic Stroke: Focus on the Neurovascular Unit. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:860573. [PMID: 35317197 PMCID: PMC8934401 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.860573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is one of the major diseases associated with death or disability among patients. To date, there is a lack of effective treatments, with the exception of thrombolytic therapy that can be administered during the acute phase of ischemic stroke. Cerebral ischemia can cause a variety of pathological changes, including microvascular basal membrane matrix, endothelial cell activation, and astrocyte adhesion, which may affect signal transduction between the microvessels and neurons. Therefore, researchers put forward the concept of neurovascular unit, including neurons, axons, astrocytes, microvasculature (including endothelial cells, basal membrane matrix, and pericyte), and oligodendrocytes. Numerous studies have demonstrated that exercise can produce protective effects in cerebral ischemia, and that exercise may protect the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, promote neovascularization, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and eventually lead to an improvement in neurological function after cerebral ischemia. In this review, we summarized the potential mechanisms on the effect of exercise on cerebral ischemia, by mainly focusing on the neurovascular unit, with the aim of providing a novel therapeutic strategy for future treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Inpatient Department, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Juan Hu
- Yu Quan dao Health Center, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Juan Hu,
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Tuo QZ, Liu Y, Xiang Z, Yan HF, Zou T, Shu Y, Ding XL, Zou JJ, Xu S, Tang F, Gong YQ, Li XL, Guo YJ, Zheng ZY, Deng AP, Yang ZZ, Li WJ, Zhang ST, Ayton S, Bush AI, Xu H, Dai L, Dong B, Lei P. Thrombin induces ACSL4-dependent ferroptosis during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:59. [PMID: 35197442 PMCID: PMC8866433 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00917-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke represents a significant danger to human beings, especially the elderly. Interventions are only available to remove the clot, and the mechanism of neuronal death during ischemic stroke is still in debate. Ferroptosis is increasingly appreciated as a mechanism of cell death after ischemia in various organs. Here we report that the serine protease, thrombin, instigates ferroptotic signaling by promoting arachidonic acid mobilization and subsequent esterification by the ferroptotic gene, acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4). An unbiased multi-omics approach identified thrombin and ACSL4 genes/proteins, and their pro-ferroptotic phosphatidylethanolamine lipid products, as prominently altered upon the middle cerebral artery occlusion in rodents. Genetically or pharmacologically inhibiting multiple points in this pathway attenuated outcomes of models of ischemia in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the thrombin-ACSL4 axis may be a key therapeutic target to ameliorate ferroptotic neuronal injury during ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Zhang Tuo
- Department of Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Department of Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong-Fa Yan
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Zou
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Shu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Precision Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu-Long Ding
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin-Jun Zou
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Tang
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Gong
- Department of Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Li
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-Jie Guo
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhao-Yue Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ai-Ping Deng
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhang-Zhong Yang
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen-Jing Li
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shu-Ting Zhang
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Scott Ayton
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Precision Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Biao Dong
- Department of Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. .,Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. .,West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Xiao A, Callaway CW, Coppler PJ. Long-term Outcomes of Post-Cardiac Arrest Patients with Severe Neurological and Functional Impairments at Hospital Discharge. Resuscitation 2022; 174:93-101. [PMID: 35189302 PMCID: PMC10404449 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest who have severe neurological or functional disability at discharge require high-intensity long-term support. However, few data describe the long-term survival and health-care utilization for these patients. METHODS We identified a cohort of cardiac arrest survivors ≥ 18 years of age, treated at a single center in Western Pennsylvania from January 2010 to December 2019, with a modified Rankin scale (mRS) of 5 at hospital discharge. We recorded demographics, cardiac arrest characteristics, and neurological exam at hospital discharge. We characterized long term survival and mortality through December 31, 2020 through National Death Index query. We described survival time overall and in subgroups using Kaplan-Meier curves and compared using log-rank tests.We linked cases with administrative data to determine 30, 90 day, and one-year hospital readmission rate. For subjects unable to follow commands at discharge, we reviewed records from index hospitalization to the present to describe improvement in neurological status and return home. RESULTS We screened 2,687 patients of which 975 survived to discharge. We identified 190 subjects with mRS of 5 at hospital discharge who were sent to non-hospice settings. Of these, 43 (23%) did not follow commands at discharge. One-year mortality was 38% (n = 71) with a median survival time of 4.2 years (IQR 0.3-10.9). Duration of survival was shorter in older subjects but did not differ based on, sex, or ability to follow commands at hospital discharge. Within the first year of discharge, 58% (n = 111) of subjects had at least one hospitalization with a median length of stay of 8 days [IQR 3-19]. Of subjects who did not follow commands at hospital discharge, 5/43 (11%) followed commands and 9 (21%) were reportedly living at home on subsequent encounters. CONCLUSIONS Of survivors treated over a decade at our institution, 20% (n = 190) were discharged from the hospital with severe functional disability. One-year mortality was 38%, and hospital readmissions were frequent. Few patients discharged unable to follow commands regained the ability over the period of observation, but many did return to living at home. These data can help inform decision maker expectations for patient trajectory and life expectancy.
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Andrew RD, Farkas E, Hartings JA, Brennan KC, Herreras O, Müller M, Kirov SA, Ayata C, Ollen-Bittle N, Reiffurth C, Revah O, Robertson RM, Dawson-Scully KD, Ullah G, Dreier JP. Questioning Glutamate Excitotoxicity in Acute Brain Damage: The Importance of Spreading Depolarization. Neurocrit Care 2022; 37:11-30. [PMID: 35194729 PMCID: PMC9259542 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-021-01429-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within 2 min of severe ischemia, spreading depolarization (SD) propagates like a wave through compromised gray matter of the higher brain. More SDs arise over hours in adjacent tissue, expanding the neuronal damage. This period represents a therapeutic window to inhibit SD and so reduce impending tissue injury. Yet most neuroscientists assume that the course of early brain injury can be explained by glutamate excitotoxicity, the concept that immediate glutamate release promotes early and downstream brain injury. There are many problems with glutamate release being the unseen culprit, the most practical being that the concept has yielded zero therapeutics over the past 30 years. But the basic science is also flawed, arising from dubious foundational observations beginning in the 1950s METHODS: Literature pertaining to excitotoxicity and to SD over the past 60 years is critiqued. RESULTS Excitotoxicity theory centers on the immediate and excessive release of glutamate with resulting neuronal hyperexcitation. This instigates poststroke cascades with subsequent secondary neuronal injury. By contrast, SD theory argues that although SD evokes some brief glutamate release, acute neuronal damage and the subsequent cascade of injury to neurons are elicited by the metabolic stress of SD, not by excessive glutamate release. The challenge we present here is to find new clinical targets based on more informed basic science. This is motivated by the continuing failure by neuroscientists and by industry to develop drugs that can reduce brain injury following ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, or sudden cardiac arrest. One important step is to recognize that SD plays a central role in promoting early neuronal damage. We argue that uncovering the molecular biology of SD initiation and propagation is essential because ischemic neurons are usually not acutely injured unless SD propagates through them. The role of glutamate excitotoxicity theory and how it has shaped SD research is then addressed, followed by a critique of its fading relevance to the study of brain injury. CONCLUSIONS Spreading depolarizations better account for the acute neuronal injury arising from brain ischemia than does the early and excessive release of glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eszter Farkas
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine-University of Szeged, Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cenk Ayata
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - Clemens Reiffurth
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Omer Revah
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | | | | | | | - Jens P. Dreier
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,Department of Neurology, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,Department of Neurology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,Department of Neurology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany ,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Wong JJY, Varga BV, Káradóttir RT, Hall EAH. Electrochemically induced in vitro focal hypoxia in human neurons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:968341. [PMID: 36247014 PMCID: PMC9555746 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.968341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Focalised hypoxia is widely prevalent in diseases such as stroke, cardiac arrest, and dementia. While in some cases hypoxia improves cellular functions, it mostly induces or exacerbates pathological changes. The lack of methodologies that can simulate focal acute hypoxia, in either animal or cell culture, impedes our understanding of the cellular consequences of hypoxia. To address this gap, an electrochemical localised oxygen scavenging system (eLOS), is reported, providing an innovative platform for spatiotemporal in vitro hypoxia modulation. The electrochemical system is modelled showing O2 flux patterns and localised O2 scavenging and hypoxia regions, as a function of distance from the electrode and surrounding flux barriers, allowing an effective focal hypoxia tool to be designed for in vitro cell culture study. O2 concentration is reduced in an electrochemically defined targeted area from normoxia to hypoxia in about 6 min depending on the O2-flux boundaries. As a result, a cell culture-well was designed, where localised O2 scavenging could be induced. The impact of localised hypoxia was demonstrated on human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) and it was shown that miniature focal hypoxic insults can be induced, that evoke time-dependent HIF-1α transcription factor accumulation. This transcription is "patterned" across the culture according to the electrochemically induced spatiotemporal hypoxia gradient. A basic lacunar infarct model was also developed through the application of eLOS in a purpose designed microfluidic device. Miniature focal hypoxic insults were induced in cellular processes of fully oxygenated cell bodies, such as the axons of human cortical neurons. The results demonstrate experimentally that localised axonal hypoxic stress can lead to significant increase of neuronal death, despite the neurons remaining at normoxia. This suggests that focal hypoxic insult to axons alone is sufficient to impact surrounding neurons and may provide an in vitro model to study the impact of microinfarcts occurring in the deep cerebral white matter, as well as providing a promising tool for wider understanding of acute hypoxic insults with potential to uncover its pathophysiology in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Y Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Balazs V Varga
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elizabeth A H Hall
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Beyersdorf F, Trummer G, Benk C, Pooth JS. Application of cardiac surgery techniques to improve the results of cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac arrest: Controlled automated reperfusion of the whole body. JTCVS OPEN 2021; 8:47-52. [PMID: 36004144 PMCID: PMC9390159 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Friedhelm Beyersdorf
- Address for reprints: Friedhelm Beyersdorf, MD, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetterstr 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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Coppler PJ, Elmer J. Optimizing cerebral oxygen delivery after cardiac arrest: A role for neuromonitoring. Resuscitation 2021; 169:220-222. [PMID: 34748767 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Coppler
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Elmer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Han JJ. Tremendous strides in the rescue of post-cardiac arrest patients challenge prior notions of futility. Artif Organs 2021; 45:1266-1267. [PMID: 34605061 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The treatment paradigm for patients who experience sudden, devastating cardiac arrest continues to evolve toward more precise and personalized care with findings from ongoing clinical trials.
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Precision neuroresuscitation after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Resuscitation 2021; 167:414-416. [PMID: 34438001 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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