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Johnson JS, Treichel AM, Coolman TD, Cooper KD. Identifying associations between food security and dermatological disease: a twin-based evaluation. Int J Dermatol 2024; 63:e77-e79. [PMID: 38129954 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Johnson
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alison M Treichel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tyler D Coolman
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kevin D Cooper
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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2
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Kępińska AP, Johnson JS, Huckins LM. Open Science Practices in Psychiatric Genetics: A Primer. Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci 2024; 4:110-119. [PMID: 38298792 PMCID: PMC10829621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Open science ensures that research is transparently reported and freely accessible for all to assess and collaboratively build on. Psychiatric genetics has led among the health sciences in implementing some open science practices in common study designs, such as replication as part of genome-wide association studies. However, thorough open science implementation guidelines are limited and largely not specific to data, privacy, and research conduct challenges in psychiatric genetics. Here, we present a primer of open science practices, including selection of a research topic with patients/nonacademic collaborators, equitable authorship and citation practices, design of replicable, reproducible studies, preregistrations, open data, and privacy issues. We provide tips for informative figures and inclusive, precise reporting. We discuss considerations in working with nonacademic collaborators and distributing research through preprints, blogs, social media, and accessible lecture materials. Finally, we provide extra resources to support every step of the research process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna P. Kępińska
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica S. Johnson
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Psychiatry Department, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Laura M. Huckins
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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Shen AS, Johnson JS, Kerns ML. Dietary Factors and Hidradenitis Suppurativa. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2023; 13:3007-3017. [PMID: 37899421 PMCID: PMC10689602 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-023-01056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting hair follicles in flexural sites. Obesity is considered to be a risk factor for HS occurrence and thought to be associated with increased severity of HS symptoms. Here, we review the literature examining the impact of dietary factors on HS. Moreover, we propose potential mechanistic links between dietary factors and HS pathogenesis, incorporating evidence from both clinical and basic science studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S Shen
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jessica S Johnson
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michelle Lynn Kerns
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Mail Code A61, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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4
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Liharska LE, Park YJ, Ziafat K, Wilkins L, Silk H, Linares LM, Vornholt E, Sullivan B, Cohen V, Kota P, Feng C, Cheng E, Moya E, Thompson RC, Johnson JS, Rieder MK, Huang J, Scarpa J, Hashemi A, Polanco J, Levin MA, Nadkarni GN, Sebra R, Crary J, Schadt EE, Beckmann ND, Kopell BH, Charney AW. A study of gene expression in the living human brain. medRxiv 2023:2023.04.21.23288916. [PMID: 37163086 PMCID: PMC10168405 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.21.23288916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A goal of medical research is to determine the molecular basis of human brain health and illness. One way to achieve this goal is through observational studies of gene expression in human brain tissue. Due to the unavailability of brain tissue from living people, most such studies are performed using tissue from postmortem brain donors. An assumption underlying this practice is that gene expression in the postmortem human brain is an accurate representation of gene expression in the living human brain. Here, this assumption - which, until now, had not been adequately tested - is tested by comparing human prefrontal cortex gene expression between 275 living samples and 243 postmortem samples. Expression levels differed significantly for nearly 80% of genes, and a systematic examination of alternative explanations for this observation determined that these differences are not a consequence of cell type composition, RNA quality, postmortem interval, age, medication, morbidity, symptom severity, tissue pathology, sample handling, batch effects, or computational methods utilized. Analyses integrating the data generated for this study with data from earlier landmark studies that used tissue from postmortem brain donors showed that postmortem brain gene expression signatures of neurological and mental illnesses, as well as of normal traits such as aging, may not be accurate representations of these gene expression signatures in the living brain. By using tissue from large cohorts living people, future observational studies of human brain biology have the potential to (1) determine the medical research questions that can be addressed using postmortem tissue as a proxy for living tissue and (2) expand the scope of medical research to include questions about the molecular basis of human brain health and illness that can only be addressed in living people (e.g., "What happens at the molecular level in the brain as a person experiences an emotion?").
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5
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Johnson JS, Cote AC, Dobbyn A, Sloofman LG, Xu J, Cotter L, Charney AW, Birgegård A, Jordan J, Kennedy M, Landén M, Maguire SL, Martin NG, Mortensen PB, Thornton LM, Bulik CM, Huckins LM. Mapping anorexia nervosa genes to clinical phenotypes. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2619-2633. [PMID: 35379376 PMCID: PMC10123844 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721004554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disorder with complex etiology, with a significant portion of disease risk imparted by genetics. Traditional genome-wide association studies (GWAS) produce principal evidence for the association of genetic variants with disease. Transcriptomic imputation (TI) allows for the translation of those variants into regulatory mechanisms, which can then be used to assess the functional outcome of genetically regulated gene expression (GReX) in a broader setting through the use of phenome-wide association studies (pheWASs) in large and diverse clinical biobank populations with electronic health record phenotypes. METHODS Here, we applied TI using S-PrediXcan to translate the most recent PGC-ED AN GWAS findings into AN-GReX. For significant genes, we imputed AN-GReX in the Mount Sinai BioMe™ Biobank and performed pheWASs on over 2000 outcomes to test the clinical consequences of aberrant expression of these genes. We performed a secondary analysis to assess the impact of body mass index (BMI) and sex on AN-GReX clinical associations. RESULTS Our S-PrediXcan analysis identified 53 genes associated with AN, including what is, to our knowledge, the first-genetic association of AN with the major histocompatibility complex. AN-GReX was associated with autoimmune, metabolic, and gastrointestinal diagnoses in our biobank cohort, as well as measures of cholesterol, medications, substance use, and pain. Additionally, our analyses showed moderation of AN-GReX associations with measures of cholesterol and substance use by BMI, and moderation of AN-GReX associations with celiac disease by sex. CONCLUSIONS Our BMI-stratified results provide potential avenues of functional mechanism for AN-genes to investigate further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S. Johnson
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alanna C. Cote
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Amanda Dobbyn
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Laura G. Sloofman
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jiayi Xu
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Liam Cotter
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alexander W. Charney
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers, Bronx, NY 14068, USA
| | | | - Andreas Birgegård
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Jordan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Otago, 2 Riccarton Avenue, PO Box 4345, 8140 Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Martin Kennedy
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Otago, 2 Riccarton Avenue, PO Box 4345, 8140 Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mikaél Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sarah L. Maguire
- InsideOut Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Preben Bo Mortensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Laura M. Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA
| | - Laura M. Huckins
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers, Bronx, NY 14068, USA
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6
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Liu D, Meyer D, Fennessy B, Feng C, Cheng E, Johnson JS, Park YJ, Rieder MK, Ascolillo S, de Pins A, Dobbyn A, Lebovitch D, Moya E, Nguyen TH, Wilkins L, Hassan A, Burdick KE, Buxbaum JD, Domenici E, Frangou S, Hartmann AM, Laurent-Levinson C, Malhotra D, Pato CN, Pato MT, Ressler K, Roussos P, Rujescu D, Arango C, Bertolino A, Blasi G, Bocchio-Chiavetto L, Campion D, Carr V, Fullerton JM, Gennarelli M, González-Peñas J, Levinson DF, Mowry B, Nimgaokar VL, Pergola G, Rampino A, Cervilla JA, Rivera M, Schwab SG, Wildenauer DB, Daly M, Neale B, Singh T, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Walters JT, Ayub M, Malhotra AK, Lencz T, Sullivan PF, Sklar P, Stahl EA, Huckins LM, Charney AW. Schizophrenia risk conferred by rare protein-truncating variants is conserved across diverse human populations. Nat Genet 2023; 55:369-376. [PMID: 36914870 PMCID: PMC10011128 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a chronic mental illness and among the most debilitating conditions encountered in medical practice. A recent landmark SCZ study of the protein-coding regions of the genome identified a causal role for ten genes and a concentration of rare variant signals in evolutionarily constrained genes1. This recent study-and most other large-scale human genetics studies-was mainly composed of individuals of European (EUR) ancestry, and the generalizability of the findings in non-EUR populations remains unclear. To address this gap, we designed a custom sequencing panel of 161 genes selected based on the current knowledge of SCZ genetics and sequenced a new cohort of 11,580 SCZ cases and 10,555 controls of diverse ancestries. Replicating earlier work, we found that cases carried a significantly higher burden of rare protein-truncating variants (PTVs) among evolutionarily constrained genes (odds ratio = 1.48; P = 5.4 × 10-6). In meta-analyses with existing datasets totaling up to 35,828 cases and 107,877 controls, this excess burden was largely consistent across five ancestral populations. Two genes (SRRM2 and AKAP11) were newly implicated as SCZ risk genes, and one gene (PCLO) was identified as shared by individuals with SCZ and those with autism. Overall, our results lend robust support to the rare allelic spectrum of the genetic architecture of SCZ being conserved across diverse human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjing Liu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Dara Meyer
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Fennessy
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claudia Feng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Esther Cheng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica S Johnson
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - You Jeong Park
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marysia-Kolbe Rieder
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven Ascolillo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Agathe de Pins
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Dobbyn
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dannielle Lebovitch
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Moya
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tan-Hoang Nguyen
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Lillian Wilkins
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Katherine E Burdick
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Enrico Domenici
- Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, Fondazione The Microsoft Research - University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Annette M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudine Laurent-Levinson
- Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Groupe de Recherche Clinique n°15-Troubles Psychiatriques et Développement, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares à Expression Psychiatrique, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Dheeraj Malhotra
- Department of Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carlos N Pato
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michele T Pato
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kerry Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Blasi
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Luisella Bocchio-Chiavetto
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Dominique Campion
- INSERM U1245, Rouen, France
- Centre Hospitalier du Rouvray, Rouen, France
| | - Vaughan Carr
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Javier González-Peñas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Bryan Mowry
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vishwajit L Nimgaokar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Rampino
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Jorge A Cervilla
- Institute of Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Margarita Rivera
- Institute of Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Sibylle G Schwab
- Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Mark Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Benjamin Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tarjinder Singh
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - James T Walters
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Todd Lencz
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Departments of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pamela Sklar
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eli A Stahl
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Laura M Huckins
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Alexander W Charney
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Thompson RC, Simons NW, Wilkins L, Cheng E, Del Valle DM, Hoffman GE, Cervia C, Fennessy B, Mouskas K, Francoeur NJ, Johnson JS, Lepow L, Le Berichel J, Chang C, Beckmann AG, Wang YC, Nie K, Zaki N, Tuballes K, Barcessat V, Cedillo MA, Yuan D, Huckins L, Roussos P, Marron TU, Glicksberg BS, Nadkarni G, Heath JR, Gonzalez-Kozlova E, Boyman O, Kim-Schulze S, Sebra R, Merad M, Gnjatic S, Schadt EE, Charney AW, Beckmann ND. Molecular states during acute COVID-19 reveal distinct etiologies of long-term sequelae. Nat Med 2023; 29:236-246. [PMID: 36482101 PMCID: PMC9873574 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-02107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are debilitating, clinically heterogeneous and of unknown molecular etiology. A transcriptome-wide investigation was performed in 165 acutely infected hospitalized individuals who were followed clinically into the post-acute period. Distinct gene expression signatures of post-acute sequelae were already present in whole blood during acute infection, with innate and adaptive immune cells implicated in different symptoms. Two clusters of sequelae exhibited divergent plasma-cell-associated gene expression patterns. In one cluster, sequelae associated with higher expression of immunoglobulin-related genes in an anti-spike antibody titer-dependent manner. In the other, sequelae associated independently of these titers with lower expression of immunoglobulin-related genes, indicating lower non-specific antibody production in individuals with these sequelae. This relationship between lower total immunoglobulins and sequelae was validated in an external cohort. Altogether, multiple etiologies of post-acute sequelae were already detectable during SARS-CoV-2 infection, directly linking these sequelae with the acute host response to the virus and providing early insights into their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Thompson
- Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Esther Cheng
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diane Marie Del Valle
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriel E Hoffman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlo Cervia
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Brian Fennessy
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Konstantinos Mouskas
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Susan and Leonard Feinstein Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nancy J Francoeur
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomics Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lauren Lepow
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Le Berichel
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christie Chang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ying-Chih Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomics Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kai Nie
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas Zaki
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Tuballes
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vanessa Barcessat
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mario A Cedillo
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dan Yuan
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura Huckins
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Thomas U Marron
- Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin S Glicksberg
- Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Girish Nadkarni
- Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Data Driven and Digital Medicine (D3M), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - James R Heath
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edgar Gonzalez-Kozlova
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomics Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Alexander W Charney
- Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Noam D Beckmann
- Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Data Driven and Digital Medicine (D3M), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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8
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Xu J, Johnson JS, Signer R, Birgegård A, Jordan J, Kennedy MA, Landén M, Maguire SL, Martin NG, Mortensen PB, Petersen LV, Thornton LM, Bulik CM, Huckins LM. Exploring the clinical and genetic associations of adult weight trajectories using electronic health records in a racially diverse biobank: a phenome-wide and polygenic risk study. Lancet Digit Health 2022; 4:e604-e614. [PMID: 35780037 PMCID: PMC9612590 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(22)00099-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight trajectories might reflect individual health status. In this study, we aimed to examine the clinical and genetic associations of adult weight trajectories using electronic health records (EHRs) in the BioMe Biobank. METHODS We constructed four weight trajectories based on a-priori definitions of weight changes (5% or 10%) using annual weight in EHRs (stable weight, weight gain, weight loss, and weight cycle); the final weight dataset included 21 487 participants with 162 783 annual weight measures. To confirm accurate assignment of weight trajectories, we manually reviewed weight trajectory plots for 100 random individuals. We then did a hypothesis-free phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) to identify diseases associated with each weight trajectory. Next, we estimated the single-nucleotide polymorphism-based heritability (hSNP2) of weight trajectories using GCTA-GREML, and we did a hypothesis-driven analysis of anorexia nervosa and depression polygenic risk scores (PRS) on these weight trajectories, given both diseases are associated with weight changes. We extended our analyses to the UK Biobank to replicate findings from a patient population to a generally healthy population. FINDINGS We found high concordance between manually assigned weight trajectories and those assigned by the algorithm (accuracy ≥98%). Stable weight was consistently associated with lower disease risks among those passing Bonferroni-corrected p value in our PheWAS (p≤4·4 × 10-5). Additionally, we identified an association between depression and weight cycle (odds ratio [OR] 1·42, 95% CI 1·31-1·55, p≤7·7 × 10-16). The adult weight trajectories were heritable (using 5% weight change as the cutoff: hSNP2 of 2·1%, 95% CI 0·9-3·3, for stable weight; 4·1%, 1·4-6·8, for weight gain; 5·5%, 2·8-8·2, for weight loss; and 4·7%, 2·3-7·1%, for weight cycle). Anorexia nervosa PRS was positively associated with weight loss trajectory among individuals without eating disorder diagnoses (OR1SD 1·16, 95% CI 1·07-1·26, per 1 SD higher PRS, p=0·011), and the association was not attenuated by obesity PRS. No association was found between depression PRS and weight trajectories after permutation tests. All main findings were replicated in the UK Biobank (p<0·05). INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest the importance of considering weight from a longitudinal aspect for its association with health and highlight a crucial role of weight management during disease development and progression. FUNDING Klarman Family Foundation, US National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Xu
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica S Johnson
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Signer
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreas Birgegård
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Jordan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand; Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Martin A Kennedy
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sarah L Maguire
- InsideOut Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetics & Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Preben Bo Mortensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus BSS, and Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Liselotte V Petersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus BSS, and Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Laura M Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura M Huckins
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers, James J Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
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9
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Marchese S, Cancelmo L, Diab O, Cahn L, Aaronson C, Daskalakis NP, Schaffer J, Horn SR, Johnson JS, Schechter C, Desarnaud F, Bierer LM, Makotkine I, Flory JD, Crane M, Moline JM, Udasin IG, Harrison DJ, Roussos P, Charney DS, Koenen KC, Southwick SM, Yehuda R, Pietrzak RH, Huckins LM, Feder A. Altered gene expression and PTSD symptom dimensions in World Trade Center responders. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2225-2246. [PMID: 35177824 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite experiencing a significant trauma, only a subset of World Trade Center (WTC) rescue and recovery workers developed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Identification of biomarkers is critical to the development of targeted interventions for treating disaster responders and potentially preventing the development of PTSD in this population. Analysis of gene expression from these individuals can help in identifying biomarkers of PTSD. We established a well-phenotyped sample of 371 WTC responders, recruited from a longitudinal WTC responder cohort using stratified random sampling, by obtaining blood, self-reported and clinical interview data. Using bulk RNA-sequencing from whole blood, we examined the association between gene expression and WTC-related PTSD symptom severity on (i) highest lifetime Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) score, (ii) past-month CAPS score, and (iii) PTSD symptom dimensions using a 5-factor model of re-experiencing, avoidance, emotional numbing, dysphoric arousal and anxious arousal symptoms. We corrected for sex, age, genotype-derived principal components and surrogate variables. Finally, we performed a meta-analysis with existing PTSD studies (total N = 1016), using case/control status as the predictor and correcting for these variables. We identified 66 genes significantly associated with total highest lifetime CAPS score (FDR-corrected p < 0.05), and 31 genes associated with total past-month CAPS score. Our more granular analyses of PTSD symptom dimensions identified additional genes that did not reach statistical significance in our analyses with total CAPS scores. In particular, we identified 82 genes significantly associated with lifetime anxious arousal symptoms. Several genes significantly associated with multiple PTSD symptom dimensions and total lifetime CAPS score (SERPINA1, RPS6KA1, and STAT3) have been previously associated with PTSD. Geneset enrichment of these findings has identified pathways significant in metabolism, immune signaling, other psychiatric disorders, neurological signaling, and cellular structure. Our meta-analysis revealed 10 genes that reached genome-wide significance, all of which were downregulated in cases compared to controls (CIRBP, TMSB10, FCGRT, CLIC1, RPS6KB2, HNRNPUL1, ALDOA, NACA, ZNF429 and COPE). Additionally, cellular deconvolution highlighted an enrichment in CD4 T cells and eosinophils in responders with PTSD compared to controls. The distinction in significant genes between total lifetime CAPS score and the anxious arousal symptom dimension of PTSD highlights a potential biological difference in the mechanism underlying the heterogeneity of the PTSD phenotype. Future studies should be clear about methods used to analyze PTSD status, as phenotypes based on PTSD symptom dimensions may yield different gene sets than combined CAPS score analysis. Potential biomarkers implicated from our meta-analysis may help improve therapeutic target development for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Marchese
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Leo Cancelmo
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Olivia Diab
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Leah Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Cindy Aaronson
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Nikolaos P Daskalakis
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Jamie Schaffer
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sarah R Horn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jessica S Johnson
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Clyde Schechter
- Department of Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Frank Desarnaud
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Linda M Bierer
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Iouri Makotkine
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Janine D Flory
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Michael Crane
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Moline
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Great Neck, NY, USA
| | - Iris G Udasin
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Denise J Harrison
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 14068, USA
| | - Dennis S Charney
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit (PNGU), Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven M Southwick
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rachel Yehuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Laura M Huckins
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 14068, USA. .,Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Adriana Feder
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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10
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Girdhar K, Hoffman GE, Bendl J, Rahman S, Dong P, Liao W, Hauberg ME, Sloofman L, Brown L, Devillers O, Kassim BS, Wiseman JR, Park R, Zharovsky E, Jacobov R, Flatow E, Kozlenkov A, Gilgenast T, Johnson JS, Couto L, Peters MA, Phillips-Cremins JE, Hahn CG, Gur RE, Tamminga CA, Lewis DA, Haroutunian V, Dracheva S, Lipska BK, Marenco S, Kundakovic M, Fullard JF, Jiang Y, Roussos P, Akbarian S. Chromatin domain alterations linked to 3D genome organization in a large cohort of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder brains. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:474-483. [PMID: 35332326 PMCID: PMC8989650 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal organization, scaling from the 147 base pair nucleosome to
megabase-ranging domains encompassing multiple transcriptional units including
heritability loci for psychiatric traits, remains largely unexplored in the
human brain. Here, we construct promoter and enhancer enriched nucleosomal
histone modification landscapes for adult prefrontal cortex (PFC) from H3-lysine
27 acetylation and H3-lysine 4 trimethylation profiles, generated from (n=739)
388 controls and 351 subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia (SCZ) or bipolar
disorder (BD). We mapped thousands of cis-regulatory domains (CRDs), revealing
fine-grained, 104-106 bp chromosomal organization, firmly
integrated into Hi-C topologically associating domain (TAD) stratification by
open/repressive chromosomal environments and nuclear topography. Large clusters
of hyperacetylated CRDs were enriched for SCZ heritability, with prominent
representation of regulatory sequences governing fetal development and
glutamatergic neuron signaling. Therefore, SCZ and BD brains show coordinated
dysregulation of risk-associated regulatory sequences assembled into kilo- to
megabase-scaling chromosomal domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Girdhar
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Gabriel E Hoffman
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaroslav Bendl
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samir Rahman
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pengfei Dong
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Will Liao
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mads E Hauberg
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Laura Sloofman
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leanne Brown
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olivia Devillers
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bibi S Kassim
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer R Wiseman
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Royce Park
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Zharovsky
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rivky Jacobov
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elie Flatow
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexey Kozlenkov
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Gilgenast
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica S Johnson
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lizette Couto
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jennifer E Phillips-Cremins
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chang-Gyu Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carol A Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David A Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vahram Haroutunian
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Stella Dracheva
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Barbara K Lipska
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health-Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefano Marenco
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health-Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marija Kundakovic
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - John F Fullard
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yan Jiang
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Panos Roussos
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA. .,Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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Thompson RC, Simons NW, Wilkins L, Cheng E, Del Valle DM, Hoffman GE, Fennessy B, Mouskas K, Francoeur NJ, Johnson JS, Lepow L, Le Berichel J, Chang C, Beckmann AG, Wang YC, Nie K, Zaki N, Tuballes K, Barcessat V, Cedillo MA, Huckins L, Roussos P, Marron TU, Glicksberg BS, Nadkarni G, Gonzalez-Kozlova E, Kim-Schulze S, Sebra R, Merad M, Gnjatic S, Schadt EE, Charney AW, Beckmann ND. Acute COVID-19 gene-expression profiles show multiple etiologies of long-term sequelae. medRxiv 2021:2021.10.04.21264434. [PMID: 34642700 PMCID: PMC8509101 DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.04.21264434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two years into the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the post-acute sequelae of infection are compounding the global health crisis. Often debilitating, these sequelae are clinically heterogeneous and of unknown molecular etiology. Here, a transcriptome-wide investigation of this new condition was performed in a large cohort of acutely infected patients followed clinically into the post-acute period. Gene expression signatures of post-acute sequelae were already present in whole blood during the acute phase of infection, with both innate and adaptive immune cells involved. Plasma cells stood out as driving at least two distinct clusters of sequelae, one largely dependent on circulating antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the other antibody-independent. Altogether, multiple etiologies of post-acute sequelae were found concomitant with SARS-CoV-2 infection, directly linking the emergence of these sequelae with the host response to the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Thompson
- Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Nicole W. Simons
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Lillian Wilkins
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Esther Cheng
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Diane Marie Del Valle
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gabriel E. Hoffman
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Brian Fennessy
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Konstantinos Mouskas
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- The Susan and Leonard Feinstein Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nancy J. Francoeur
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomics Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Lauren Lepow
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Christie Chang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Ying-chih Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomics Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kai Nie
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Nicholas Zaki
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kevin Tuballes
- Precision Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Vanessa Barcessat
- Precision Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mario A. Cedillo
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Huckins
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Panagiotis Roussos
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Thomas U. Marron
- Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Benjamin S. Glicksberg
- Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Girish Nadkarni
- Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Division of Data Driven and Digital Medicine (D3M), Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Edgar Gonzalez-Kozlova
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Precision Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomics Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford CT, 06902, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Eric E. Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford CT, 06902, USA
| | - Alexander W. Charney
- Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Noam D. Beckmann
- Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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12
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Mullins N, Forstner AJ, O'Connell KS, Coombes B, Coleman JRI, Qiao Z, Als TD, Bigdeli TB, Børte S, Bryois J, Charney AW, Drange OK, Gandal MJ, Hagenaars SP, Ikeda M, Kamitaki N, Kim M, Krebs K, Panagiotaropoulou G, Schilder BM, Sloofman LG, Steinberg S, Trubetskoy V, Winsvold BS, Won HH, Abramova L, Adorjan K, Agerbo E, Al Eissa M, Albani D, Alliey-Rodriguez N, Anjorin A, Antilla V, Antoniou A, Awasthi S, Baek JH, Bækvad-Hansen M, Bass N, Bauer M, Beins EC, Bergen SE, Birner A, Bøcker Pedersen C, Bøen E, Boks MP, Bosch R, Brum M, Brumpton BM, Brunkhorst-Kanaan N, Budde M, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Byerley W, Cairns M, Casas M, Cervantes P, Clarke TK, Cruceanu C, Cuellar-Barboza A, Cunningham J, Curtis D, Czerski PM, Dale AM, Dalkner N, David FS, Degenhardt F, Djurovic S, Dobbyn AL, Douzenis A, Elvsåshagen T, Escott-Price V, Ferrier IN, Fiorentino A, Foroud TM, Forty L, Frank J, Frei O, Freimer NB, Frisén L, Gade K, Garnham J, Gelernter J, Giørtz Pedersen M, Gizer IR, Gordon SD, Gordon-Smith K, Greenwood TA, Grove J, Guzman-Parra J, Ha K, Haraldsson M, Hautzinger M, Heilbronner U, Hellgren D, Herms S, Hoffmann P, Holmans PA, Huckins L, Jamain S, Johnson JS, Kalman JL, Kamatani Y, Kennedy JL, Kittel-Schneider S, Knowles JA, Kogevinas M, Koromina M, Kranz TM, Kranzler HR, Kubo M, Kupka R, Kushner SA, Lavebratt C, Lawrence J, Leber M, Lee HJ, Lee PH, Levy SE, Lewis C, Liao C, Lucae S, Lundberg M, MacIntyre DJ, Magnusson SH, Maier W, Maihofer A, Malaspina D, Maratou E, Martinsson L, Mattheisen M, McCarroll SA, McGregor NW, McGuffin P, McKay JD, Medeiros H, Medland SE, Millischer V, Montgomery GW, Moran JL, Morris DW, Mühleisen TW, O'Brien N, O'Donovan C, Olde Loohuis LM, Oruc L, Papiol S, Pardiñas AF, Perry A, Pfennig A, Porichi E, Potash JB, Quested D, Raj T, Rapaport MH, DePaulo JR, Regeer EJ, Rice JP, Rivas F, Rivera M, Roth J, Roussos P, Ruderfer DM, Sánchez-Mora C, Schulte EC, Senner F, Sharp S, Shilling PD, Sigurdsson E, Sirignano L, Slaney C, Smeland OB, Smith DJ, Sobell JL, Søholm Hansen C, Soler Artigas M, Spijker AT, Stein DJ, Strauss JS, Świątkowska B, Terao C, Thorgeirsson TE, Toma C, Tooney P, Tsermpini EE, Vawter MP, Vedder H, Walters JTR, Witt SH, Xi S, Xu W, Yang JMK, Young AH, Young H, Zandi PP, Zhou H, Zillich L, Adolfsson R, Agartz I, Alda M, Alfredsson L, Babadjanova G, Backlund L, Baune BT, Bellivier F, Bengesser S, Berrettini WH, Blackwood DHR, Boehnke M, Børglum AD, Breen G, Carr VJ, Catts S, Corvin A, Craddock N, Dannlowski U, Dikeos D, Esko T, Etain B, Ferentinos P, Frye M, Fullerton JM, Gawlik M, Gershon ES, Goes FS, Green MJ, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu M, Hauser J, Henskens F, Hillert J, Hong KS, Hougaard DM, Hultman CM, Hveem K, Iwata N, Jablensky AV, Jones I, Jones LA, Kahn RS, Kelsoe JR, Kirov G, Landén M, Leboyer M, Lewis CM, Li QS, Lissowska J, Lochner C, Loughland C, Martin NG, Mathews CA, Mayoral F, McElroy SL, McIntosh AM, McMahon FJ, Melle I, Michie P, Milani L, Mitchell PB, Morken G, Mors O, Mortensen PB, Mowry B, Müller-Myhsok B, Myers RM, Neale BM, Nievergelt CM, Nordentoft M, Nöthen MM, O'Donovan MC, Oedegaard KJ, Olsson T, Owen MJ, Paciga SA, Pantelis C, Pato C, Pato MT, Patrinos GP, Perlis RH, Posthuma D, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Reif A, Reininghaus EZ, Ribasés M, Rietschel M, Ripke S, Rouleau GA, Saito T, Schall U, Schalling M, Schofield PR, Schulze TG, Scott LJ, Scott RJ, Serretti A, Shannon Weickert C, Smoller JW, Stefansson H, Stefansson K, Stordal E, Streit F, Sullivan PF, Turecki G, Vaaler AE, Vieta E, Vincent JB, Waldman ID, Weickert TW, Werge T, Wray NR, Zwart JA, Biernacka JM, Nurnberger JI, Cichon S, Edenberg HJ, Stahl EA, McQuillin A, Di Florio A, Ophoff RA, Andreassen OA. Genome-wide association study of more than 40,000 bipolar disorder cases provides new insights into the underlying biology. Nat Genet 2021; 53:817-829. [PMID: 34002096 PMCID: PMC8192451 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00857-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 475] [Impact Index Per Article: 158.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a heritable mental illness with complex etiology. We performed a genome-wide association study of 41,917 bipolar disorder cases and 371,549 controls of European ancestry, which identified 64 associated genomic loci. Bipolar disorder risk alleles were enriched in genes in synaptic signaling pathways and brain-expressed genes, particularly those with high specificity of expression in neurons of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Significant signal enrichment was found in genes encoding targets of antipsychotics, calcium channel blockers, antiepileptics and anesthetics. Integrating expression quantitative trait locus data implicated 15 genes robustly linked to bipolar disorder via gene expression, encoding druggable targets such as HTR6, MCHR1, DCLK3 and FURIN. Analyses of bipolar disorder subtypes indicated high but imperfect genetic correlation between bipolar disorder type I and II and identified additional associated loci. Together, these results advance our understanding of the biological etiology of bipolar disorder, identify novel therapeutic leads and prioritize genes for functional follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Mullins
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kevin S O'Connell
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brandon Coombes
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jonathan R I Coleman
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley BRC, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Zhen Qiao
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas D Als
- iSEQ, Center for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tim B Bigdeli
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- VA NY Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sigrid Børte
- Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julien Bryois
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander W Charney
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ole Kristian Drange
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Østmarka, Division of Mental Health Care, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michael J Gandal
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Saskia P Hagenaars
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley BRC, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Nolan Kamitaki
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristi Krebs
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Brian M Schilder
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura G Sloofman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Vassily Trubetskoy
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bendik S Winsvold
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hong-Hee Won
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Liliya Abramova
- Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Kristina Adorjan
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Esben Agerbo
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mariam Al Eissa
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ney Alliey-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Adebayo Anjorin
- Psychiatry, Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Bracknell, UK
| | - Verneri Antilla
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anastasia Antoniou
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Attikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Swapnil Awasthi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ji Hyun Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Marie Bækvad-Hansen
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Bass
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eva C Beins
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah E Bergen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Armin Birner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Carsten Bøcker Pedersen
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Erlend Bøen
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marco P Boks
- Psychiatry, Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rosa Bosch
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d´Hebron Research Institut (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Murielle Brum
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ben M Brumpton
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nathalie Brunkhorst-Kanaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Monika Budde
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William Byerley
- Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Murray Cairns
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Miquel Casas
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d´Hebron Research Institut (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Cervantes
- Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Toni-Kim Clarke
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cristiana Cruceanu
- Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Alfredo Cuellar-Barboza
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Julie Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David Curtis
- Centre for Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Piotr M Czerski
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, Departments of Neurosciences, Radiology, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nina Dalkner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Friederike S David
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Amanda L Dobbyn
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Athanassios Douzenis
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Attikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - I Nicol Ferrier
- Academic Psychiatry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Liz Forty
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nelson B Freimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Louise Frisén
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katrin Gade
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julie Garnham
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Departments of Genetics and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marianne Giørtz Pedersen
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ian R Gizer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Scott D Gordon
- Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Tiffany A Greenwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jakob Grove
- iSEQ, Center for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - José Guzman-Parra
- Mental Health Department, University Regional Hospital, Biomedicine Institute (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Kyooseob Ha
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Martin Hautzinger
- Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Urs Heilbronner
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dennis Hellgren
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Herms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter A Holmans
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Laura Huckins
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stéphane Jamain
- Neuropsychiatrie Translationnelle, Inserm U955, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
| | - Jessica S Johnson
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Janos L Kalman
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - James L Kennedy
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - James A Knowles
- Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, SUNY Downstate Medical Center College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Maria Koromina
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Thorsten M Kranz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ralph Kupka
- Psychiatry, Altrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Psychiatry, GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Psychiatry, VU Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Steven A Kushner
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob Lawrence
- Psychiatry, North East London NHS Foundation Trust, Ilford, UK
| | - Markus Leber
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Phil H Lee
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shawn E Levy
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Catrin Lewis
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Calwing Liao
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Susanne Lucae
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Lundberg
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Donald J MacIntyre
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Adam Maihofer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eirini Maratou
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Attikon General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Lina Martinsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- iSEQ, Center for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven A McCarroll
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathaniel W McGregor
- Systems Genetics Working Group, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Peter McGuffin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James D McKay
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Helena Medeiros
- Institute for Genomic Health, SUNY Downstate Medical Center College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vincent Millischer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Moran
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Derek W Morris
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Niamh O'Brien
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claire O'Donovan
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Loes M Olde Loohuis
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lilijana Oruc
- Medical Faculty, School of Science and Technology, University Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonio F Pardiñas
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Amy Perry
- Psychological Medicine, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | - Andrea Pfennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Evgenia Porichi
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Attikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - James B Potash
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Digby Quested
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Towfique Raj
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark H Rapaport
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Raymond DePaulo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eline J Regeer
- Outpatient Clinic for Bipolar Disorder, Altrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - John P Rice
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fabio Rivas
- Mental Health Department, University Regional Hospital, Biomedicine Institute (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Margarita Rivera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Julian Roth
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas M Ruderfer
- Medicine, Psychiatry, Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Mora
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d´Hebron Research Institut (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva C Schulte
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fanny Senner
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sally Sharp
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul D Shilling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Engilbert Sigurdsson
- Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lea Sirignano
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Claire Slaney
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Olav B Smeland
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel J Smith
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Janet L Sobell
- Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christine Søholm Hansen
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Soler Artigas
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d´Hebron Research Institut (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Dan J Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - John S Strauss
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Beata Świątkowska
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Claudio Toma
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Tooney
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Evangelia-Eirini Tsermpini
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Marquis P Vawter
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Helmut Vedder
- Psychiatry, Psychiatrisches Zentrum Nordbaden, Wiesloch, Germany
| | - James T R Walters
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Simon Xi
- Computational Sciences Center of Emphasis, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Mei Kay Yang
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Allan H Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Beckenham, UK
| | - Hannah Young
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter P Zandi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lea Zillich
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rolf Adolfsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Umeå University Medical Faculty, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Diakonhjemmet Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gulja Babadjanova
- Institute of Pulmonology, Russian State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Lena Backlund
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frank Bellivier
- Université de Paris, INSERM, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, UMRS 1144, Paris, France
- APHP Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, GHU Saint Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Paris, France
| | - Susanne Bengesser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Michael Boehnke
- Center for Statistical Genetics and Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anders D Børglum
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine and the iSEQ Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, CGPM, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley BRC, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Vaughan J Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stanley Catts
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicholas Craddock
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dimitris Dikeos
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruno Etain
- Université de Paris, INSERM, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, UMRS 1144, Paris, France
- APHP Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, GHU Saint Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Paris, France
| | - Panagiotis Ferentinos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Attikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mark Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Micha Gawlik
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elliot S Gershon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fernando S Goes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Melissa J Green
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu
- Biometric Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit, Alexandru Obregia Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Joanna Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Frans Henskens
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jan Hillert
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kyung Sue Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - David M Hougaard
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina M Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Assen V Jablensky
- University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ian Jones
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lisa A Jones
- Psychological Medicine, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Psychiatry, Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - John R Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - George Kirov
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Neuropsychiatrie Translationnelle, Inserm U955, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley BRC, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Qingqin S Li
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christine Lochner
- SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carol A Mathews
- Department of Psychiatry and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fermin Mayoral
- Mental Health Department, University Regional Hospital, Biomedicine Institute (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Francis J McMahon
- Human Genetics Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ingrid Melle
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Patricia Michie
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Philip B Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gunnar Morken
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Psychiatry, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ole Mors
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Preben Bo Mortensen
- iSEQ, Center for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bryan Mowry
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Caroline M Nievergelt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Research/Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ketil J Oedegaard
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland Universitetssjukehus, Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Michael J Owen
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sara A Paciga
- Human Genetics and Computational Biomedicine, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT, USA
| | | | - Carlos Pato
- Institute for Genomic Health, SUNY Downstate Medical Center College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Michele T Pato
- Institute for Genomic Health, SUNY Downstate Medical Center College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - George P Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center of Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Roy H Perlis
- Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d´Hebron Research Institut (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva Z Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d´Hebron Research Institut (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Takeo Saito
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Ulrich Schall
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin Schalling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas G Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Laura J Scott
- Center for Statistical Genetics and Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rodney J Scott
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit (PNGU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Eystein Stordal
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Namsos, Namsos, Norway
- Department of Neuroscience, Norges Teknisk Naturvitenskapelige Universitet Fakultet for Naturvitenskap og Teknologi, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Arne E Vaaler
- Department of Psychiatry, Sankt Olavs Hospital Universitetssykehuset i Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John B Vincent
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irwin D Waldman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas W Weickert
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Werge
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for GeoGenetics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joanna M Biernacka
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Eli A Stahl
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Arianna Di Florio
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Charney AW, Simons NW, Mouskas K, Lepow L, Cheng E, Le Berichel J, Chang C, Marvin R, Del Valle DM, Calorossi S, Lansky A, Walker L, Patel M, Xie H, Yi N, Yu A, Kang G, Mendoza A, Liharska LE, Moya E, Hartnett M, Hatem S, Wilkins L, Eaton M, Jamal H, Tuballes K, Chen ST, Tabachnikova A, Chung J, Harris J, Batchelor C, Lacunza J, Yishak M, Argueta K, Karekar N, Lee B, Kelly G, Geanon D, Handler D, Leech J, Stefanos H, Dawson T, Scott I, Francoeur N, Johnson JS, Vaid A, Glicksberg BS, Nadkarni GN, Schadt EE, Gelb BD, Rahman A, Sebra R, Martin G, Marron T, Beckmann N, Kim-Schulze S, Gnjatic S, Merad M. Author Correction: Sampling the host response to SARS-CoV-2 in hospitals under siege. Nat Med 2021; 27:560. [PMID: 33547460 PMCID: PMC7863855 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lauren Lepow
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Esther Cheng
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Christie Chang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Marvin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Alona Lansky
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Walker
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Hui Xie
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nancy Yi
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Yu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gurpawan Kang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Emily Moya
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sandra Hatem
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Melody Eaton
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hajra Jamal
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Tuballes
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven T Chen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Chung
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jocelyn Harris
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jose Lacunza
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mahlet Yishak
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Neha Karekar
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Geoffrey Kelly
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Geanon
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diana Handler
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Leech
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hiyab Stefanos
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Travis Dawson
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ieisha Scott
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Akhil Vaid
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Eric E Schadt
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adeeb Rahman
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Glenn Martin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Marron
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Noam Beckmann
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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14
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Opgenorth J, Abuajamieh M, Horst EA, Kvidera SK, Johnson JS, Mayorga EJ, Sanz-Fernandez MV, Al-Qaisi MA, DeFrain JM, Kleinschmit DH, Gorden PJ, Baumgard LH. The effects of zinc amino acid complex on biomarkers of gut integrity, inflammation, and metabolism in heat-stressed ruminants. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:2410-2421. [PMID: 33358164 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Study objectives were to evaluate the effects of replacing 40 mg/kg of dietary Zn from Zn sulfate (ZS) with Zn amino acid complex (ZA; Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN) on inflammation and intestinal integrity in heat-stressed and pair-fed (PF) ruminants. Forty Holstein steers (173.6 ± 4.9 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 dietary-environmental treatments: (1) thermoneutral (TN) ad libitum with 75 mg/kg of dry matter (DM) ZS (ZSCON); (2) TN pair-fed with 75 mg/kg DM ZS (ZSPF); (3) TN pair-fed with 40 mg/kg DM ZA and 35 mg/kg DM ZS (ZAPF); (4) heat stress (HS) ad libitum with 75 mg/kg DM ZS (ZSHS); and (5) HS ad libitum 40 mg/kg DM ZA and 35 mg/kg DM ZS (ZAHS). Before study initiation, calves were fed their respective diets for 21 d. Following the pre-feeding phase, steers were transferred into environmental chambers and were subjected to 2 successive experimental periods. During period 1 (5 d), all steers were fed their respective diets ad libitum and housed in TN conditions (20.2 ± 1.4°C, 30.4 ± 4.3% relative humidity). During period 2 (6 d), ZSHS and ZAHS steers were exposed to cyclical HS conditions (27.1 ± 1.5°C to 35.0 ± 2.9°C, 19.3 ± 3.5% relative humidity), whereas the ZSCON, ZSPF, and ZAPF steers remained in TN conditions and were fed ad libitum or pair-fed relative to their ZSHS and ZAHS counterparts. Overall, steers exposed to HS had markedly increased rectal temperature (0.83°C), respiration rate (26 breaths per min), and skin temperature (8.00°C) relative to TN treatments. Rectal temperature from ZAHS steers was decreased (0.24°C) on d 4 to 6 of HS relative to ZSHS steers. Regardless of diet, HS decreased DMI (18%) relative to ZSCON steers. Circulating glucose from HS and PF steers decreased (16%) relative to ZSCON steers. Heat stress and nutrient restriction increased circulating nonesterified fatty acids 2- and 3-fold, respectively, compared with ZSCON steers. Serum amyloid A increased ~2-fold in PF relative to ZSCON and HS steers. We detected no treatment effect on blood pH; however, ZAHS steers had increased HCO3 relative to ZSHS. Relative to ZSHS, ZAHS steers had increased jejunum villi height (25%), a tendency for increased ileum villi height (9%), and decreased duodenal villi width (16%). In summary, ZA supplementation has some beneficial effects on thermal indices, intestinal architecture characteristics, and biomarkers of leaky gut in heat-stressed steers, indicative of an ameliorated heat load, and thus may be a nutritional strategy to minimize negative consequences of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Opgenorth
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - M Abuajamieh
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - E A Horst
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - S K Kvidera
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - J S Johnson
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - E J Mayorga
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | | | - M A Al-Qaisi
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | | | | | - P J Gorden
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
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15
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Dueñas HR, Seah C, Johnson JS, Huckins LM. Implicit bias of encoded variables: frameworks for addressing structured bias in EHR-GWAS data. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:R33-R41. [PMID: 32879975 PMCID: PMC7530523 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The 'discovery' stage of genome-wide association studies required amassing large, homogeneous cohorts. In order to attain clinically useful insights, we must now consider the presentation of disease within our clinics and, by extension, within our medical records. Large-scale use of electronic health record (EHR) data can help to understand phenotypes in a scalable manner, incorporating lifelong and whole-phenome context. However, extending analyses to incorporate EHR and biobank-based analyses will require careful consideration of phenotype definition. Judgements and clinical decisions that occur 'outside' the system inevitably contain some degree of bias and become encoded in EHR data. Any algorithmic approach to phenotypic characterization that assumes non-biased variables will generate compounded biased conclusions. Here, we discuss and illustrate potential biases inherent within EHR analyses, how these may be compounded across time and suggest frameworks for large-scale phenotypic analysis to minimize and uncover encoded bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary R Dueñas
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carina Seah
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jessica S Johnson
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Laura M Huckins
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
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16
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Charney AW, Simons NW, Mouskas K, Lepow L, Cheng E, Le Berichel J, Chang C, Marvin R, Del Valle DM, Calorossi S, Lansky A, Walker L, Patel M, Xie H, Yi N, Yu A, Kang G, Liharska LE, Moya E, Hartnett M, Hatem S, Wilkins L, Eaton M, Jamal H, Tuballes K, Chen ST, Chung J, Harris J, Batchelor C, Lacunza J, Yishak M, Argueta K, Karekar N, Lee B, Kelly G, Geanon D, Handler D, Leech J, Stefanos H, Dawson T, Scott I, Francoeur N, Johnson JS, Vaid A, Glicksberg BS, Nadkarni GN, Schadt EE, Gelb BD, Rahman A, Sebra R, Martin G, Marron T, Beckmann N, Kim-Schulze S, Gnjatic S, Merad M. Author Correction: Sampling the host response to SARS-CoV-2 in hospitals under siege. Nat Med 2020; 26:1493. [PMID: 32826990 PMCID: PMC7441840 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-1057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lauren Lepow
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Esther Cheng
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Christie Chang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Marvin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Alona Lansky
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Walker
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Hui Xie
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nancy Yi
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Yu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gurpawan Kang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Emily Moya
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sandra Hatem
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Melody Eaton
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hajra Jamal
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Tuballes
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven T Chen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Chung
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jocelyn Harris
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jose Lacunza
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mahlet Yishak
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Neha Karekar
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Geoffrey Kelly
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Geanon
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diana Handler
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Leech
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hiyab Stefanos
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Travis Dawson
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ieisha Scott
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Akhil Vaid
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Eric E Schadt
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adeeb Rahman
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Glenn Martin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Marron
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Noam Beckmann
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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17
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Han L, Zhao X, Benton ML, Perumal T, Collins RL, Hoffman GE, Johnson JS, Sloofman L, Wang HZ, Stone MR, Brennand KJ, Brand H, Sieberts SK, Marenco S, Peters MA, Lipska BK, Roussos P, Capra JA, Talkowski M, Ruderfer DM. Functional annotation of rare structural variation in the human brain. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2990. [PMID: 32533064 PMCID: PMC7293301 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural variants (SVs) contribute to many disorders, yet, functionally annotating them remains a major challenge. Here, we integrate SVs with RNA-sequencing from human post-mortem brains to quantify their dosage and regulatory effects. We show that genic and regulatory SVs exist at significantly lower frequencies than intergenic SVs. Functional impact of copy number variants (CNVs) stems from both the proportion of genic and regulatory content altered and loss-of-function intolerance of the gene. We train a linear model to predict expression effects of rare CNVs and use it to annotate regulatory disruption of CNVs from 14,891 independent genome-sequenced individuals. Pathogenic deletions implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders show significantly more extreme regulatory disruption scores and if rank ordered would be prioritized higher than using frequency or length alone. This work shows the deleteriousness of regulatory SVs, particularly those altering CTCF sites and provides a simple approach for functionally annotating the regulatory consequences of CNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lide Han
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xuefang Zhao
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary Lauren Benton
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Ryan L Collins
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel E Hoffman
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica S Johnson
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Sloofman
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harold Z Wang
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew R Stone
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristen J Brennand
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harrison Brand
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Stefano Marenco
- Human Brain Collection Core, Intramural Research Program, NIMH, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Barbara K Lipska
- Human Brain Collection Core, Intramural Research Program, NIMH, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Psychiatry, JJ Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - John A Capra
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Talkowski
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and M.I.T, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Douglas M Ruderfer
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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18
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Szatkiewicz JP, Fromer M, Nonneman RJ, Ancalade N, Johnson JS, Stahl EA, Rees E, Bergen SE, Hultman CM, Kirov G, O'Donovan M, Owen M, Holmans P, Sklar P, Sullivan PF, Purcell SM, Crowley JJ, Ruderfer DM. Characterization of Single Gene Copy Number Variants in Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:736-744. [PMID: 31767120 PMCID: PMC7103483 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic studies of schizophrenia have implicated numerous risk loci including several copy number variants (CNVs) of large effect and hundreds of loci of small effect. In only a few cases has a specific gene been clearly identified. Rare CNVs affecting a single gene offer a potential avenue to discovering schizophrenia risk genes. METHODS CNVs were generated from exome sequencing of 4913 schizophrenia cases and 6188 control subjects from Sweden. We integrated two CNV calling methods (XHMM and ExomeDepth) to expand our set of single-gene CNVs and leveraged two different approaches for validating these variants (quantitative polymerase chain reaction and NanoString). RESULTS We found a significant excess of all rare CNVs (deletions: p = .0004, duplications: p = .0006) and single-gene CNVs (deletions: p = .04, duplications: p = .03) in schizophrenia cases compared with control subjects. An expanded set of CNVs generated from integrating multiple approaches showed a significant burden of deletions in 11 of 21 gene sets previously implicated in schizophrenia and across all genes in those sets (p = .008), although no tests survived correction. We performed an extensive validation of all deletions in the significant set of voltage-gated calcium channels among CNVs called from both exome sequencing and genotyping arrays. In total, 4 exonic, single-gene deletions were validated in schizophrenia cases and none in control subjects (p = .039), of which all were identified by exome sequencing. CONCLUSIONS These results point to the potential contribution of single-gene CNVs to schizophrenia, indicate that the utility of exome sequencing for CNV calling has yet to be maximized, and note that single-gene CNVs should be included in gene-focused studies using other classes of variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin P Szatkiewicz
- Center for Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Menachem Fromer
- Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Randal J Nonneman
- Center for Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - NaEshia Ancalade
- Center for Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jessica S Johnson
- Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Eli A Stahl
- Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Elliott Rees
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Bergen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina M Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - George Kirov
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michael O'Donovan
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Owen
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Holmans
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela Sklar
- Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Center for Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shaun M Purcell
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James J Crowley
- Center for Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Douglas M Ruderfer
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Departments of Medicine, Psychiatry, and Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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19
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Stahl EA, Breen G, Forstner AJ, McQuillin A, Ripke S, Trubetskoy V, Mattheisen M, Wang Y, Coleman JRI, Gaspar HA, de Leeuw CA, Steinberg S, Pavlides JMW, Trzaskowski M, Byrne EM, Pers TH, Holmans PA, Richards AL, Abbott L, Agerbo E, Akil H, Albani D, Alliey-Rodriguez N, Als TD, Anjorin A, Antilla V, Awasthi S, Badner JA, Bækvad-Hansen M, Barchas JD, Bass N, Bauer M, Belliveau R, Bergen SE, Pedersen CB, Bøen E, Boks MP, Boocock J, Budde M, Bunney W, Burmeister M, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Byerley W, Casas M, Cerrato F, Cervantes P, Chambert K, Charney AW, Chen D, Churchhouse C, Clarke TK, Coryell W, Craig DW, Cruceanu C, Curtis D, Czerski PM, Dale AM, de Jong S, Degenhardt F, Del-Favero J, DePaulo JR, Djurovic S, Dobbyn AL, Dumont A, Elvsåshagen T, Escott-Price V, Fan CC, Fischer SB, Flickinger M, Foroud TM, Forty L, Frank J, Fraser C, Freimer NB, Frisén L, Gade K, Gage D, Garnham J, Giambartolomei C, Pedersen MG, Goldstein J, Gordon SD, Gordon-Smith K, Green EK, Green MJ, Greenwood TA, Grove J, Guan W, Guzman-Parra J, Hamshere ML, Hautzinger M, Heilbronner U, Herms S, Hipolito M, Hoffmann P, Holland D, Huckins L, Jamain S, Johnson JS, Juréus A, Kandaswamy R, Karlsson R, Kennedy JL, Kittel-Schneider S, Knowles JA, Kogevinas M, Koller AC, Kupka R, Lavebratt C, Lawrence J, Lawson WB, Leber M, Lee PH, Levy SE, Li JZ, Liu C, Lucae S, Maaser A, MacIntyre DJ, Mahon PB, Maier W, Martinsson L, McCarroll S, McGuffin P, McInnis MG, McKay JD, Medeiros H, Medland SE, Meng F, Milani L, Montgomery GW, Morris DW, Mühleisen TW, Mullins N, Nguyen H, Nievergelt CM, Adolfsson AN, Nwulia EA, O'Donovan C, Loohuis LMO, Ori APS, Oruc L, Ösby U, Perlis RH, Perry A, Pfennig A, Potash JB, Purcell SM, Regeer EJ, Reif A, Reinbold CS, Rice JP, Rivas F, Rivera M, Roussos P, Ruderfer DM, Ryu E, Sánchez-Mora C, Schatzberg AF, Scheftner WA, Schork NJ, Shannon Weickert C, Shehktman T, Shilling PD, Sigurdsson E, Slaney C, Smeland OB, Sobell JL, Søholm Hansen C, Spijker AT, St Clair D, Steffens M, Strauss JS, Streit F, Strohmaier J, Szelinger S, Thompson RC, Thorgeirsson TE, Treutlein J, Vedder H, Wang W, Watson SJ, Weickert TW, Witt SH, Xi S, Xu W, Young AH, Zandi P, Zhang P, Zöllner S, Adolfsson R, Agartz I, Alda M, Backlund L, Baune BT, Bellivier F, Berrettini WH, Biernacka JM, Blackwood DHR, Boehnke M, Børglum AD, Corvin A, Craddock N, Daly MJ, Dannlowski U, Esko T, Etain B, Frye M, Fullerton JM, Gershon ES, Gill M, Goes F, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu M, Hauser J, Hougaard DM, Hultman CM, Jones I, Jones LA, Kahn RS, Kirov G, Landén M, Leboyer M, Lewis CM, Li QS, Lissowska J, Martin NG, Mayoral F, McElroy SL, McIntosh AM, McMahon FJ, Melle I, Metspalu A, Mitchell PB, Morken G, Mors O, Mortensen PB, Müller-Myhsok B, Myers RM, Neale BM, Nimgaonkar V, Nordentoft M, Nöthen MM, O'Donovan MC, Oedegaard KJ, Owen MJ, Paciga SA, Pato C, Pato MT, Posthuma D, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Ribasés M, Rietschel M, Rouleau GA, Schalling M, Schofield PR, Schulze TG, Serretti A, Smoller JW, Stefansson H, Stefansson K, Stordal E, Sullivan PF, Turecki G, Vaaler AE, Vieta E, Vincent JB, Werge T, Nurnberger JI, Wray NR, Di Florio A, Edenberg HJ, Cichon S, Ophoff RA, Scott LJ, Andreassen OA, Kelsoe J, Sklar P. Genome-wide association study identifies 30 loci associated with bipolar disorder. Nat Genet 2019; 51:793-803. [PMID: 31043756 PMCID: PMC6956732 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0397-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 879] [Impact Index Per Article: 175.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable psychiatric disorder. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 20,352 cases and 31,358 controls of European descent, with follow-up analysis of 822 variants with P < 1 × 10-4 in an additional 9,412 cases and 137,760 controls. Eight of the 19 variants that were genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10-8) in the discovery GWAS were not genome-wide significant in the combined analysis, consistent with small effect sizes and limited power but also with genetic heterogeneity. In the combined analysis, 30 loci were genome-wide significant, including 20 newly identified loci. The significant loci contain genes encoding ion channels, neurotransmitter transporters and synaptic components. Pathway analysis revealed nine significantly enriched gene sets, including regulation of insulin secretion and endocannabinoid signaling. Bipolar I disorder is strongly genetically correlated with schizophrenia, driven by psychosis, whereas bipolar II disorder is more strongly correlated with major depressive disorder. These findings address key clinical questions and provide potential biological mechanisms for bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli A Stahl
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Gerome Breen
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR BRC for Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephan Ripke
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vassily Trubetskoy
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- iSEQ, Center for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine-Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonathan R I Coleman
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR BRC for Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Héléna A Gaspar
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR BRC for Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christiaan A de Leeuw
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Maciej Trzaskowski
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Enda M Byrne
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tune H Pers
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter A Holmans
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, England
| | - Alexander L Richards
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, England
| | - Liam Abbott
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Esben Agerbo
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-based Research and Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Huda Akil
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ney Alliey-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas D Als
- iSEQ, Center for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine-Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Adebayo Anjorin
- Department of Psychiatry, Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Bracknell, UK
| | - Verneri Antilla
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Swapnil Awasthi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith A Badner
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marie Bækvad-Hansen
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jack D Barchas
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas Bass
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Richard Belliveau
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sarah E Bergen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carsten Bøcker Pedersen
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-based Research and Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Erlend Bøen
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marco P Boks
- Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - James Boocock
- Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Monika Budde
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - William Bunney
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Margit Burmeister
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute and Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William Byerley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Miquel Casas
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d´Hebron Research Institut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felecia Cerrato
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pablo Cervantes
- Department of Psychiatry, Mood Disorders Program, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kimberly Chambert
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexander W Charney
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Danfeng Chen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Claire Churchhouse
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Toni-Kim Clarke
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - William Coryell
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Cristiana Cruceanu
- Department of Psychiatry, Mood Disorders Program, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - David Curtis
- Centre for Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Piotr M Czerski
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Simone de Jong
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR BRC for Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jurgen Del-Favero
- Applied Molecular Genomics Unit, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - J Raymond DePaulo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Amanda L Dobbyn
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashley Dumont
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, England
| | - Chun Chieh Fan
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sascha B Fischer
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Flickinger
- Center for Statistical Genetics and Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Liz Forty
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, England
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christine Fraser
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, England
| | - Nelson B Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Louise Frisén
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katrin Gade
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Diane Gage
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julie Garnham
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Claudia Giambartolomei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marianne Giørtz Pedersen
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-based Research and Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jaqueline Goldstein
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott D Gordon
- Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Elaine K Green
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Melissa J Green
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tiffany A Greenwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jakob Grove
- iSEQ, Center for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine-Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Weihua Guan
- Biostatistics, University of Minnesota System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - José Guzman-Parra
- Mental Health Department, University Regional Hospital, Biomedicine Institute (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Marian L Hamshere
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, England
| | - Martin Hautzinger
- Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Urs Heilbronner
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Herms
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Hipolito
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Holland
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura Huckins
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stéphane Jamain
- Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Inserm U955, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
| | - Jessica S Johnson
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anders Juréus
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Radhika Kandaswamy
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James L Kennedy
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Onatario, Canada
- Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - James A Knowles
- Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, SUNY Downstate Medical Center College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Anna C Koller
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ralph Kupka
- Psychiatry, Altrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Psychiatry, GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Psychiatry, VU Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob Lawrence
- Department of, rth East London NHS Foundation Trust, Ilford, UK
| | - William B Lawson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Markus Leber
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geropsychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Phil H Lee
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shawn E Levy
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Jun Z Li
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Anna Maaser
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Donald J MacIntyre
- Mental Health, NHS 24, Glasgow, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pamela B Mahon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lina Martinsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steve McCarroll
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter McGuffin
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Melvin G McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James D McKay
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Helena Medeiros
- Institute for Genomic Health, SUNY Downstate Medical Center College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fan Meng
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Derek W Morris
- Discipline of Biochemistry, Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Niamh Mullins
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hoang Nguyen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline M Nievergelt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Research/Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Evaristus A Nwulia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Claire O'Donovan
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Loes M Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anil P S Ori
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lilijana Oruc
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, Psychiatry Clinic, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Urban Ösby
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roy H Perlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy Perry
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | - Andrea Pfennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - James B Potash
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shaun M Purcell
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eline J Regeer
- Outpatient Clinic for Bipolar Disorder, Altrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Céline S Reinbold
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - John P Rice
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fabio Rivas
- Mental Health Department, University Regional Hospital, Biomedicine Institute (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Margarita Rivera
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Neurosciences, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas M Ruderfer
- Medicine, Psychiatry, Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Euijung Ryu
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Mora
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d´Hebron Research Institut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alan F Schatzberg
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tatyana Shehktman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul D Shilling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Engilbert Sigurdsson
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Claire Slaney
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Olav B Smeland
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janet L Sobell
- Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christine Søholm Hansen
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - David St Clair
- Institute for Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Michael Steffens
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - John S Strauss
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Onatario, Canada
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jana Strohmaier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Robert C Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Jens Treutlein
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Helmut Vedder
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatrisches Zentrum Nordbaden, Wiesloch, Germany
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stanley J Watson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas W Weickert
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Simon Xi
- Computational Sciences Center of Emphasis, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Onatario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allan H Young
- Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Zandi
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sebastian Zöllner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rolf Adolfsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Umeå University Medical Faculty, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Diakonhjemmet Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Lena Backlund
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - Frank Bellivier
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Paris Bipolar and TRD Expert Centres, FondaMental Foundation, Paris, France
- UMR-S1144 Team 1: Biomarkers of relapse and therapeutic response in addiction and mood disorders, INSERM, Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Wade H Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Boehnke
- Center for Statistical Genetics and Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anders D Børglum
- iSEQ, Center for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine-Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicholas Craddock
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, England
| | - Mark J Daly
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruno Etain
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- UMR-S1144 Team 1: Biomarkers of relapse and therapeutic response in addiction and mood disorders, INSERM, Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Mark Frye
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elliot S Gershon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fernando Goes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu
- Biometric Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit, Alexandru Obregia Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Joanna Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - David M Hougaard
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina M Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ian Jones
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, England
| | - Lisa A Jones
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - George Kirov
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, England
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR BRC for Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Qingqin S Li
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fermin Mayoral
- Mental Health Department, University Regional Hospital, Biomedicine Institute (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Francis J McMahon
- Human Genetics Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ingrid Melle
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Philip B Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gunnar Morken
- Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology-NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ole Mors
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Preben Bo Mortensen
- iSEQ, Center for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-based Research and Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Merete Nordentoft
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, England
| | - Ketil J Oedegaard
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland Universitetssjukehus, Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Michael J Owen
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, England
| | - Sara A Paciga
- Human Genetics and Computational Biomedicine, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Carlos Pato
- Institute for Genomic Health, SUNY Downstate Medical Center College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- College of Medicine Institute for Genomic Health, SUNY Downstate Medical Center College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Michele T Pato
- Institute for Genomic Health, SUNY Downstate Medical Center College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d´Hebron Research Institut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d´Hebron Research Institut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin Schalling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas G Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Human Genetics Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Eystein Stordal
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Namsos, Namsos, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Arne E Vaaler
- Department of Psychiatry, Sankt Olavs Hospital Universitetssykehuset i Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John B Vincent
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Onatario, Canada
| | - Thomas Werge
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Arianna Di Florio
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, England
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sven Cichon
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laura J Scott
- Center for Statistical Genetics and Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Pamela Sklar
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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20
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Girdhar K, Hoffman GE, Jiang Y, Brown L, Kundakovic M, Hauberg ME, Francoeur NJ, Wang YC, Shah H, Kavanagh DH, Zharovsky E, Jacobov R, Wiseman JR, Park R, Johnson JS, Kassim BS, Sloofman L, Mattei E, Weng Z, Sieberts SK, Peters MA, Harris BT, Lipska BK, Sklar P, Roussos P, Akbarian S. Cell-specific histone modification maps in the human frontal lobe link schizophrenia risk to the neuronal epigenome. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:1126-1136. [PMID: 30038276 PMCID: PMC6063773 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Risk variants for schizophrenia affect more than 100 genomic loci, yet cell- and tissue-specific roles underlying disease liability remain poorly characterized. We have generated for two cortical areas implicated in psychosis, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex, 157 reference maps from neuronal, neuron-depleted and bulk tissue chromatin for two histone marks associated with active promoters and enhancers, H3-trimethyl-Lys4 (H3K4me3) and H3-acetyl-Lys27 (H3K27ac). Differences between neuronal and neuron-depleted chromatin states were the major axis of variation in histone modification profiles, followed by substantial variability across subjects and cortical areas. Thousands of significant histone quantitative trait loci were identified in neuronal and neuron-depleted samples. Risk variants for schizophrenia, depressive symptoms and neuroticism were significantly over-represented in neuronal H3K4me3 and H3K27ac landscapes. Our Resource, sponsored by PsychENCODE and CommonMind, highlights the critical role of cell-type-specific signatures at regulatory and disease-associated noncoding sequences in the human frontal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Girdhar
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriel E Hoffman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leanne Brown
- Department of Psychiatry and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marija Kundakovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mads E Hauberg
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nancy J Francoeur
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ying-Chih Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hardik Shah
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David H Kavanagh
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Zharovsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rivka Jacobov
- Department of Psychiatry and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer R Wiseman
- Department of Psychiatry and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Royce Park
- Department of Psychiatry and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica S Johnson
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bibi S Kassim
- Department of Psychiatry and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Sloofman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eugenio Mattei
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Brent T Harris
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
- Human Brain Collection Core, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Pamela Sklar
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- Department of Psychiatry and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Cabezon FA, Maskal J, Schinckel AP, Marchant-Forde JN, Johnson JS, Stwalley RM. 14 Evaluation of Floor Cooling on Lactating Sows Under Mild and Moderate Heat Stress. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F A Cabezon
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - J Maskal
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - A P Schinckel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | - J S Johnson
- USDA-ARS Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN
| | - R M Stwalley
- Department of Agricultural Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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22
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Johnson JS, Baumgard LH. 368 Prenatal Heat Stress and the Impact on Swine Performance during Postnatal Life. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J S Johnson
- USDA-ARS Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN
| | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Johnson
- USDA-ARS Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN
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Maskal J, Cabezon FA, Schinckel AP, Marchant-Forde JN, Johnson JS, Stwalley RM. 480 Evaluation of Floor Cooling on Lactating Sows Under Moderate Heat Stress within a Day and Relationships of Measures of Heat Stress to Estimated Heat Removal Rates. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Maskal
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - F A Cabezon
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - A P Schinckel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | - J S Johnson
- USDA-ARS Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN
| | - R M Stwalley
- Department of Agricultural Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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Zhang S, Johnson JS, Qiao M, Liesman J, Trottier NL. 164 Feeding a Diet with a Near Optimal Amino Acid Profile Improves Energy Utilization for Milk Production in Lactating Sows. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Zhang
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - J S Johnson
- USDA-ARS Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN
| | - M Qiao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - J Liesman
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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Chapel NM, Byrd CJ, Lugar DW, Morello GM, Baumgard LH, Ross JW, Safranski TJ, Lucy MC, Johnson JS. Determining the effects of early gestation in utero heat stress on postnatal fasting heat production and circulating biomarkers associated with metabolism in growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:3914-3921. [PMID: 28992016 DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study objective was to characterize effects of early gestation in utero heat stress (IUHS) on postnatal fasting heat production (FHP) and blood biomarkers associated with metabolism in growing pigs. Based on previous observation of increased postnatal core body temperature set point in IUHS pigs, we hypothesized that FHP would be altered during postnatal life because of IUHS. Pregnant first-parity gilts were exposed to thermoneutral (TN; = 4; 17.8 ± 0.1°C) or heat stress (HS; = 4; cyclical 28 to 38°C) conditions from d 30 to 60 of gestation. At weaning (21 d of age), 2 median-weight male pigs (1 barrow and 1 boar) were selected from each litter ( = 8 in utero TN [IUTN] and 8 IUHS pigs) and then housed in TN conditions based on age. Blood samples were collected at 8, 9, and 10 wk of age when pigs were in a fed state to analyze thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations. Pigs were trained to enter an indirect calorimeter from wk 8 through 10 of life and then acclimated over a 24-h period 1 wk prior to testing. At 12 wk of age, pigs were fasted for 24 h, and then indirect calorimetry was performed on individual pigs over a 23-h testing period to determine FHP and the respiratory quotient in 3 intervals (0900 to 1700 h, 1700 to 0000 h, and 0000 to 0800 h). Body weight was determined before and after testing and was similar for all pigs ( = 0.77; 37.0 ± 0.5 kg BW). Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4. No boar vs. barrow differences were observed with any analysis. Overall, FHP per kilogram BW was greater ( = 0.03; 12.1%) in IUHS pigs compared with IUTN pigs. Fasting heat production per kilogram BW was greater ( < 0.01; 19.8%) from 0900 to 1700 h compared with 1700 to 0000 h and 0000 to 0800 h and was greater (10.9%) from 1700 to 0000 h compared with 0000 to 0800 h. The RQ did not differ by in utero treatment ( = 0.51; 0.72 ± 0.01); however, the RQ was increased ( < 0.01; 13.0%) from 1700 to 0000 h compared with 0900 to 1700 h and 0000 to 0800 h. No other FHP and RQ differences were detected. Although no in utero treatment differences were observed for T4 ( = 0.11; 52.2 ± 6.2 ng/mL), T3 was greater overall ( = 0.04; 19.5%) in IUHS pigs than in IUTN pigs. In summary, FHP and circulating T3 were increased in IUHS pigs, and this may have implications for postnatal production efficiency in pigs gestated during hot summer months.
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Seibert JT, Abuajamieh M, Sanz Fernandez MV, Johnson JS, Kvidera SK, Horst EA, Mayorga EJ, Lei S, Patience JF, Ross JW, Rhoads RP, Johnson RC, Lonergan SM, Perfield JW, Baumgard LH. Effects of heat stress and insulin sensitizers on pig adipose tissue. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:510-520. [PMID: 29385474 PMCID: PMC6140977 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skx067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) negatively impacts several swine production variables, including carcass fat quality and quantity. Pigs reared in HS have more adipose tissue than energetically predicted, explainable, in part, by HS-induced hyperinsulinemia. Study objectives were to evaluate insulin's role in altering fat characteristics during HS via feeding insulin-sensitizing compounds. Forty crossbred barrows (113 ± 9 kg BW) were randomly assigned to one of five environment by diet treatments: 1) thermoneutral (TN) fed ad libitum (TNAL), 2) TN and pair-fed (TNPF), 3) HS fed ad libitum (HSAL), 4) HS fed ad libitum with sterculic oil (SO) supplementation (HSSO; 13 g/d), and 5) HS fed ad libitum with dietary chromium (Cr) supplementation (HSCr; 0.5 mg/d; Kemin Industries, Des Moines, IA). The study consisted of three experimental periods (P). During P0 (2 d), all pigs were exposed to TN conditions (23 ± 3 °C, 68 ± 10% RH) and fed ad libitum. During P1 (7 d), all pigs received their respective dietary supplements, were maintained in TN conditions, and fed ad libitum. During P2 (21 d), HSAL, HSSO, and HSCr pigs were fed ad libitum and exposed to cyclical HS conditions (28 to 33 °C, 58 ± 10% RH). The TNAL and TNPF pigs remained in TN conditions and were fed ad libitum or pair-fed to their HSAL counterparts. Rectal temperature (TR), respiration rate (RR), and skin temperature (TS) were obtained daily at 0600 and 1800 h. At 1800 h, HS exposed pigs had increased TR, RR, and TS relative to TNAL controls (1.13 °C, 48 bpm, and 3.51 °C, respectively; P < 0.01). During wk 2 and 3 of P2, HSSO pigs had increased 1800 h TR relative to HSAL and HSCr (~0.40 and ~0.42 °C, respectively; P ≤ 0.05). Heat stress decreased ADFI and ADG compared to TNAL pigs (2.24 vs. 3.28 and 0.63 vs. 1.09 kg/d, respectively; P < 0.01) and neither variable was affected by SO or Cr supplementation. Heat stress increased or tended to increase moisture content of abdominal (7.7 vs. 5.9%; P = 0.07) and inner s.c. (11.4 vs. 9.8%; P < 0.05) adipose depots compared to TNAL controls. Interestingly, TNPF pigs also had increased adipose tissue moisture content and this was most pronounced in the outer s.c. depot (15.0 vs. 12.2%; P < 0.01) compared to TNAL pigs. Heat stress had little or no effect on fatty acid composition of abdominal, inner, and outer s.c. adipose tissue depots. In summary, the negative effects of HS on fat quality do not appear to be fatty acid composition related, but may be explained by increased adipose tissue moisture content.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Seibert
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - M Abuajamieh
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | | | - J S Johnson
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - S K Kvidera
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - E A Horst
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - E J Mayorga
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - S Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - J F Patience
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - J W Ross
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - R P Rhoads
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | | | - S M Lonergan
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - J W Perfield
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Department of Food Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Current Address: Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Lilley TM, Prokkola JM, Johnson JS, Rogers EJ, Gronsky S, Kurta A, Reeder DM, Field KA. Immune responses in hibernating little brown myotis ( Myotis lucifugus) with white-nose syndrome. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2016.2232. [PMID: 28179513 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a fungal disease responsible for decimating many bat populations in North America. Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), the psychrophilic fungus responsible for WNS, prospers in the winter habitat of many hibernating bat species. The immune response that Pd elicits in bats is not yet fully understood; antibodies are produced in response to infection by Pd, but they may not be protective and indeed may be harmful. To understand how bats respond to infection during hibernation, we studied the effect of Pd inoculation on the survival and gene expression of captive hibernating Myotis lucifugus with varying pre-hibernation antifungal antibody titres. We investigated gene expression through the transcription of selected cytokine genes (Il6, Il17a, Il1b, Il4 and Ifng) associated with inflammatory, Th1, Th2 and Th17 immune responses in wing tissue and lymph nodes. We found no difference in survival between bats with low and high anti-Pd titres, although anti-Pd antibody production during hibernation differed significantly between infected and uninfected bats. Transcription of Il6 and Il17a was higher in the lymph nodes of infected bats compared with uninfected bats. Increased transcription of these cytokines in the lymph node suggests that a pro-inflammatory immune response to WNS is not restricted to infected tissues and occurs during hibernation. The resulting Th17 response may be protective in euthermic bats, but because it may disrupt torpor, it could be detrimental during hibernation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Lilley
- Biology Department, Bucknell University, 1 Dent Drive, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA.,Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - J M Prokkola
- Biology Department, Bucknell University, 1 Dent Drive, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - J S Johnson
- Biology Department, Bucknell University, 1 Dent Drive, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA.,Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - E J Rogers
- Biology Department, Bucknell University, 1 Dent Drive, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - S Gronsky
- Biology Department, Bucknell University, 1 Dent Drive, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - A Kurta
- Biology Department, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA
| | - D M Reeder
- Biology Department, Bucknell University, 1 Dent Drive, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - K A Field
- Biology Department, Bucknell University, 1 Dent Drive, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
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Hauberg ME, Zhang W, Giambartolomei C, Franzén O, Morris DL, Vyse TJ, Ruusalepp A, Sklar P, Schadt EE, Björkegren JL, Roussos P, Fromer M, Sieberts SK, Johnson JS, Ruderfer DM, Shah HR, Klei LL, Dang KK, Perumal TM, Logsdon BA, Mahajan MC, Mangravite LM, Essioux L, Toyoshiba H, Gur RE, Hahn CG, Lewis DA, Haroutunian V, Peters MA, Lipska BK, Buxbaum JD, Hirai K, Domenici E, Devlin B. Large-Scale Identification of Common Trait and Disease Variants Affecting Gene Expression. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 101:157. [PMID: 28686855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Hauberg ME, Zhang W, Giambartolomei C, Franzén O, Morris DL, Vyse TJ, Ruusalepp A, Sklar P, Schadt EE, Björkegren JL, Roussos P, Fromer M, Sieberts SK, Johnson JS, Ruderfer DM, Shah HR, Klei LL, Dang KK, Perumal TM, Logsdon BA, Mahajan MC, Mangravite LM, Essioux L, Toyoshiba H, Gur RE, Hahn CG, Lewis DA, Haroutunian V, Peters MA, Lipska BK, Buxbaum JD, Hirai K, Domenici E, Devlin B. Large-Scale Identification of Common Trait and Disease Variants Affecting Gene Expression. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 100:885-894. [PMID: 28552197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified a multitude of genetic loci involved with traits and diseases. However, it is often unclear which genes are affected in such loci and whether the associated genetic variants lead to increased or decreased gene function. To mitigate this, we integrated associations of common genetic variants in 57 GWASs with 24 studies of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) from a broad range of tissues by using a Mendelian randomization approach. We discovered a total of 3,484 instances of gene-trait-associated changes in expression at a false-discovery rate < 0.05. These genes were often not closest to the genetic variant and were primarily identified in eQTLs derived from pathophysiologically relevant tissues. For instance, genes with expression changes associated with lipid traits were mostly identified in the liver, and those associated with cardiovascular disease were identified in arterial tissue. The affected genes additionally point to biological processes implicated in the interrogated traits, such as the interleukin-27 pathway in rheumatoid arthritis. Further, comparing trait-associated gene expression changes across traits suggests that pleiotropy is a widespread phenomenon and points to specific instances of both agonistic and antagonistic pleiotropy. For instance, expression of SNX19 and ABCB9 is positively correlated with both the risk of schizophrenia and educational attainment. To facilitate interpretation, we provide this lexicon of how common trait-associated genetic variants alter gene expression in various tissues as the online database GWAS2Genes.
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Johnson JS, Lay DC. Evaluating the behavior, growth performance, immune parameters, and intestinal morphology of weaned piglets after simulated transport and heat stress when antibiotics are eliminated from the diet or replaced with L-glutamine. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:91-102. [PMID: 28177383 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Study objectives were to evaluate the effects of post-weaning transport during heat stress (HS) and thermoneutral (TN) conditions when dietary antibiotics are removed or replaced with a nutraceutical. Sixty mixed sex piglets from 10 sows ( = 6 piglets/sow) were weaned (18.8 ± 0.8 d of age) and then herded up ramps into 1 of 2 simulated transport trailers in either TN (28.8 ± 0.2°C) or HS (cyclical 32 to 37°C) conditions where they remained for 12 h. During the 12 h of simulated transport, fans were used to simulate air movement through the trailer, feed and water were withheld, and rectal temperature (T) was measured hourly. Following the 12 h simulated transport, piglets were unloaded from the trailer, weighed, and then housed individually in TN conditions [28.5 ± 0.1°C; 29.1 ± 0.1% relative humidity (RH)] and assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments balanced by weaning weight, sex, sow, and transport environment. Treatments were dietary antibiotics [A; = 20 piglets; 5.5 ± 0.2 kg BW; chlortetracycline (400 g/ton) + tiamulin (35 g/ton)], no dietary antibiotics (NA; = 20 piglets; 5.6 ± 0.2 kg BW), or 0.20% L-glutamine (GLU; = 20 piglets; 5.6 ± 0.2 kg BW) fed for 14 d. During the diet treatment period, feed intake (FI), BW, and behaviors were monitored daily. At the conclusion of the diet treatment period, all piglets were euthanized and intestinal samples were collected for histology. The T and post-transport BW loss were increased in HS (40.7°C and 0.43 kg, respectively) compared to TN-exposed (39.2°C and 0.27 kg, respectively) piglets during simulated transport. Throughout the 14 d dietary treatment phase, FI was greater overall ( < 0.01; 60.3%) in GLU compared to A and NA pigs, and tended to be greater (37.7%) in A compared to NA pigs. BW was greater overall ( < 0.01; 8.7%) in GLU and A compared to NA pigs, but no differences were detected between A and GLU pigs. Lying behavior was greater ( = 0.05; 11.7%) in NA compared to A and GLU piglets in the first 2 d following simulated transport. The villus height to crypt depth ratio was greater ( < 0.05) in the duodenum (12.1%) and jejunum (12.8%) for A and GLU compared to NA pigs, and greater in the ileum (15.6%) for GLU compared to A and NA pigs. In summary, withholding dietary antibiotics after weaning and transport can negatively affect piglet productivity and measures of intestinal morphology compared to dietary antibiotic administration and L-glutamine provision.
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Abstract
A flock of Rambouillet sheep was examined because of increased lamb mortality caused by ineffective hemostasis at parturition. Neonatal-affected lambs presented with inadequate hemostasis at the umbilicus, pale mucus membranes, and markedly prolonged activated clotting time. Affected lambs had consistently prolonged 1-stage prothrombin times and activated partial thromboplastin times that supported a defect in the common pathway or defects in both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade. Decreased activity of vitamin K-dependent procoagulant factors II, VII, IX, and X in male and female lambs suggested either a defect of the hepatic enzyme γ-glutamyl carboxylase, or vitamin K1 2,3 epoxide reductase. Affected lamb hepatic γ-glutamyl carboxylase activity was markedly decreased compared with that of age- and sex-matched control lambs, while vitamin K1 2,3 epoxide reductase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities were similar between an affected and normal lamb. Subcutaneous vitamin K1 supplementation did not increase vitamin K-dependent procoagulant factor activities in 3 lambs administered vitamin K1 daily. These data confirm defective γ-glutamyl carboxylase activity as the cause of impaired coagulation of sheep in this flock. This flock represents the only viable animal model of hereditarily defective γ-glutamyl carboxylase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Johnson JS, Sanz Fernandez MV, Seibert JT, Ross JW, Lucy MC, Safranski TJ, Elsasser TH, Kahl S, Rhoads RP, Baumgard LH. In utero heat stress increases postnatal core body temperature in pigs. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:4312-22. [PMID: 26440331 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In utero heat stress (IUHS) negatively impacts postnatal development, but how it alters future body temperature parameters and energetic metabolism is not well understood. Future body temperature indices and bioenergetic markers were characterized in pigs from differing in utero thermal environments during postnatal thermoneutral (TN) and cyclical heat stress (HS) exposure. First-parity pregnant gilts ( = 13) were exposed to 1 of 4 ambient temperature (T) treatments (HS [cyclic 28°C to 34°C] or TN [cyclic 18°C to 22°C]) applied for the entire gestation (HSHS, TNTN), HS for the first half of gestation (HSTN), or HS for the second half of gestation (TNHS). Twenty-four offspring (23.1 ± 1.2 kg BW; = 6 HSHS, = 6 TNTN, = 6 HSTN, = 6 TNHS) were housed in TN (21.7°C ± 0.7°C) conditions and then exposed to 2 separate but similar HS periods (HS1 = 6 d; HS2 = 6 d; cycling 28°C to 36°C). Core body temperature (T) was assessed every 15 min with implanted temperature recorders. Regardless of in utero treatment, T increased during both HS periods ( = 0.01; 0.58°C). During TN, HS1, and HS2, all IUHS pigs combined had increased T ( = 0.01; 0.36°C, 0.20°C, and 0.16°C, respectively) compared to TNTN controls. Although unaffected by in utero environment, the total plasma thyroxine to triiodothyronine ratio was reduced ( = 0.01) during HS1 and HS2 (39% and 29%, respectively) compared with TN. In summary, pigs from IUHS maintained an increased T compared with TNTN controls regardless of external T, and this thermal differential may have practical implications to developmental biology and animal bioenergetics.
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Johnson JS, Sanz Fernandez MV, Gutierrez NA, Patience JF, Ross JW, Gabler NK, Lucy MC, Safranski TJ, Rhoads RP, Baumgard LH. Effects of in utero heat stress on postnatal body composition in pigs: I. Growing phase. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:71-81. [PMID: 25568358 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmentally induced heat stress (HS) negatively influences production variables in agriculturally important species. However, the extent to which HS experienced in utero affects nutrient partitioning during the rapid lean tissue accretion phase of postnatal growth is unknown. Study objectives were to compare future whole-body tissue accretion rates in pigs exposed to differing in utero and postnatal thermal environments when lean tissue deposition is likely maximized. Pregnant sows were exposed to thermoneutral (TN; cyclical 15°C nighttime and 22°C daytime; n = 9) or HS (cyclical 27°C nighttime and 37°C daytime; n = 12) conditions during their entire gestation. Twenty-four offspring from in utero TN (IUTN; n = 6 gilts and 6 barrows; 30.8 ± 0.2 kg BW) and in utero HS (IUHS; n = 6 gilts and 6 barrows; 30.3 ± 0.2 kg BW) were euthanized as an initial slaughter group (ISG). Following the ISG, 48 pigs from IUTN (n = 12 gilts and 12 barrows; 34.1 ± 0.5 kg BW) and IUHS (n = 12 gilts and 12 barrows; 33.3 ± 0.3 kg BW) were exposed to constant HS (34.1 ± 2.4°C) or TN (21.5 ± 2.0°C) conditions until they reached 61.5 ± 0.8 kg BW, at which point they were sacrificed and their whole-body composition was determined. Homogenized carcasses were analyzed for N, crude fat, ash, water, and GE content. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS 9.3. Rectal temperature and respiration rate increased (P < 0.01) during postnatal HS compared to TN (39.4 vs. 39.0°C and 94 vs. 49 breaths per minute, respectively). Regardless of in utero environment, postnatal HS reduced (P < 0.01) feed intake (2.06 vs. 2.37 kg/d) and ADG (0.86 vs. 0.98 kg/d) compared to TN conditions. Postnatal HS did not alter water, protein, and ash accretion rates but reduced lipid accretion rates (198 vs. 232 g/d; P < 0.04) compared to TN-reared pigs. In utero environment had no effect on future tissue deposition rates; however, IUHS pigs from the ISG had reduced liver weight (P < 0.04; 17.9%) compared to IUTN controls. In summary, postnatal HS reduced adipose tissue accretion rates, but IUHS did not appear to impact either lean or adipose tissue accretion during this specific growth phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Johnson
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | | | - N A Gutierrez
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - J F Patience
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - J W Ross
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - N K Gabler
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - M C Lucy
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
| | - T J Safranski
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
| | - R P Rhoads
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg 24061
| | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
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Johnson JS, Sanz Fernandez MV, Patience JF, Ross JW, Gabler NK, Lucy MC, Safranski TJ, Rhoads RP, Baumgard LH. Effects of in utero heat stress on postnatal body composition in pigs: II. Finishing phase. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:82-92. [PMID: 25568359 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The detrimental effects of heat stress (HS) on animal productivity have been well documented. However, whether in utero HS interacts with a future thermal insult to alter tissue deposition during the finishing phase of pig growth is unknown. Study objectives were to compare the subsequent rate and quantity of whole-body tissue accretion in pigs exposed to differing in utero and postnatal thermal environments. Pregnant sows were exposed to thermoneutral (TN; cyclical 15°C nighttime and 22°C daytime; n = 9) or HS (cyclical 27°C nighttime and 37°C daytime; n = 11) conditions during their entire gestation. Twenty-four offspring from in utero TN (IUTN; n = 6 gilts and 6 barrows; 62.4 ± 0.7 kg BW) and in utero HS (IUHS; n = 6 gilts and 6 barrows; 61.9 ± 0.8 kg BW) were euthanized as part of an initial slaughter group (ISG). After the ISG, 48 pigs from IUTN (n = 12 gilts and 12 barrows; 66.1 ± 1.0 kg BW) and IUHS (n = 12 gilts and 12 barrows; 63.4 ± 0.7 kg BW) were exposed to constant HS (34.4 ± 1.8°C) or TN (22.7 ± 2.5°C) conditions until they reached 80.5 ± 1.5 kg BW, at which point they were sacrificed and their whole-body composition was determined. Homogenized carcasses were analyzed for N, crude fat, ash, water, and GE content. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS 9.3. Rectal temperature and respiration rate increased during postnatal HS compared to TN (39.6 vs. 39.3°C and 92 vs. 58 breaths per minute, respectively; P < 0.01). Postnatal HS decreased (P < 0.01) feed intake (2.13 vs. 2.65 kg/d) and ADG (0.70 vs. 0.94 kg/d) compared to TN conditions, but neither variable was influenced by in utero environment. Whole-body protein and lipid accretion rates were reduced in HS pigs compared to TN controls (126 vs. 164 g/d and 218 vs. 294 g/d, respectively; P < 0.04). Independent of postnatal environments, IUHS reduced future protein accretion rates (16%; P < 0.01) and tended to increase lipid accretion rates (292 vs. 220 g/d; P < 0.07) compared to IUTN controls. The ratio of lipid to protein accretion rates increased (95%; P < 0.01) in IUHS pigs compared to IUTN controls. In summary, the future hierarchy of tissue accretion is altered by IUHS, and this modified nutrient partitioning favors adipose deposition at the expense of skeletal muscle during this specific phase of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Johnson
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | | | - J F Patience
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - J W Ross
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - N K Gabler
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - M C Lucy
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
| | - T J Safranski
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
| | - R P Rhoads
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg 24061
| | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
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Johnson JS, Bryant JK, Scharf B, Kishore DK, Coate EA, Eichen PA, Keisler DH, Spiers DE. Regional differences in the fescue toxicosis response of Bos taurus cattle. Int J Biometeorol 2015; 59:385-396. [PMID: 24939412 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-014-0850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cattle of the same breed from different regions of the USA may have altered responses to heat stress and fescue toxicosis. Angus steers from Missouri (MO ANG, n = 10, 513.6 ± 13.6 kg BW) and Oklahoma (OK ANG, n = 10, 552.8 ± 12.0 kg BW) were fed a diet containing either endophyte-infected (E+, 30 μg ergovaline/kg BW/day) or endophyte-uninfected (E-, 0 μg ergovaline/kg BW/day) tall fescue seed for 23 days. Diet treatment began on day 2. Animals were maintained at thermoneutrality (TN, 19-22 °C, days 1-8) and then exposed to heat stress (HS, cycling 26-36 °C, days 9-22). On day 23, ambient temperature was returned to TN and used as a recovery day. Feed intake (FI) was measured daily, with rectal and skin temperatures determined six times daily. Feed intake reduction from pretreatment levels was greater (P < 0.01) for E + (13.9 ± 0.9 versus 11.9 ± 0.3 kg/day) compared to E - (12.6 ± 0.9 versus 12.4 ± 0.3 kg/day) steers over the entire TN period, regardless of Angus group. During HS, E + cattle had reduced FI (P < 0.02; 6.9 ± 0.2 versus 8.4 ± 0.2 kg/day) compared to E - animals, independent of region of origin. A greater decrease in FI (P < 0.01) was observed for OK (12.1 ± 0.3 versus 6.2 ± 0.2 kg/day) compared to MO ANG (12.2 ± 0.3 versus 7.9 ± 0.2 kg/day) when ambient temperature was increased from TN to HS. On day 13 and days 15-22, OK ANG (E+) had reduced FI (P < 0.01, -2.21 kg) compared to OK ANG (E-), while there was no effect on MO ANG. From day 12 to day 22 of HS, daily minimum temperatures for ear, rump, and tail skin were less for E + (P < 0.05) when compared with E-treated steers, signifying peripheral vasoconstriction in E + animals. This was supported by reduced shoulder and lower tail temperatures (P < 0.01) for E + compared to E-treated OK ANG on the recovery day. In summary, regional differences in the response to fescue toxicosis exist, with peripheral vasomotor effects becoming most evident when animals are subjected to rapid changes in their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Johnson
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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Johnson JS, Bentley MJ, Smith JA, Finkel RC, Rood DH, Gohl K, Balco G, Larter RD, Schaefer JM. Rapid thinning of Pine Island Glacier in the early Holocene. Science 2014; 343:999-1001. [PMID: 24557837 DOI: 10.1126/science.1247385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Pine Island Glacier, a major outlet of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, has been undergoing rapid thinning and retreat for the past two decades. We demonstrate, using glacial-geological and geochronological data, that Pine Island Glacier (PIG) also experienced rapid thinning during the early Holocene, around 8000 years ago. Cosmogenic (10)Be concentrations in glacially transported rocks show that this thinning was sustained for decades to centuries at an average rate of more than 100 centimeters per year, which is comparable with contemporary thinning rates. The most likely mechanism was a reduction in ice shelf buttressing. Our findings reveal that PIG has experienced rapid thinning at least once in the past and that, once set in motion, rapid ice sheet changes in this region can persist for centuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Johnson
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
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Fromer M, Pocklington AJ, Kavanagh DH, Williams HJ, Dwyer S, Gormley P, Georgieva L, Rees E, Palta P, Ruderfer DM, Carrera N, Humphreys I, Johnson JS, Roussos P, Barker DD, Banks E, Milanova V, Grant SG, Hannon E, Rose SA, Chambert K, Mahajan M, Scolnick EM, Moran JL, Kirov G, Palotie A, McCarroll SA, Holmans P, Sklar P, Owen MJ, Purcell SM, O'Donovan MC. De novo mutations in schizophrenia implicate synaptic networks. Nature 2014; 506:179-84. [PMID: 24463507 DOI: 10.1038/nature12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1188] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Inherited alleles account for most of the genetic risk for schizophrenia. However, new (de novo) mutations, in the form of large chromosomal copy number changes, occur in a small fraction of cases and disproportionally disrupt genes encoding postsynaptic proteins. Here we show that small de novo mutations, affecting one or a few nucleotides, are overrepresented among glutamatergic postsynaptic proteins comprising activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (ARC) and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) complexes. Mutations are additionally enriched in proteins that interact with these complexes to modulate synaptic strength, namely proteins regulating actin filament dynamics and those whose messenger RNAs are targets of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Genes affected by mutations in schizophrenia overlap those mutated in autism and intellectual disability, as do mutation-enriched synaptic pathways. Aligning our findings with a parallel case-control study, we demonstrate reproducible insights into aetiological mechanisms for schizophrenia and reveal pathophysiology shared with other neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menachem Fromer
- 1] Division of Psychiatric Genomics in the Department of Psychiatry, and Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA [2] Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Andrew J Pocklington
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - David H Kavanagh
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Hywel J Williams
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Sarah Dwyer
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Padhraig Gormley
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK [2] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Lyudmila Georgieva
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Elliott Rees
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Priit Palta
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK [2] Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010 Tartu, Estonia [3] Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Douglas M Ruderfer
- 1] Division of Psychiatric Genomics in the Department of Psychiatry, and Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA [2] Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Noa Carrera
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Isla Humphreys
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Jessica S Johnson
- Division of Psychiatric Genomics in the Department of Psychiatry, and Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Division of Psychiatric Genomics in the Department of Psychiatry, and Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Douglas D Barker
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Eric Banks
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Vihra Milanova
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Seth G Grant
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Eilis Hannon
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Samuel A Rose
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Kimberly Chambert
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Milind Mahajan
- Division of Psychiatric Genomics in the Department of Psychiatry, and Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Edward M Scolnick
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Jennifer L Moran
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - George Kirov
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Aarno Palotie
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK [2] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [3] Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Steven A McCarroll
- 1] Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [3] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Peter Holmans
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Pamela Sklar
- 1] Division of Psychiatric Genomics in the Department of Psychiatry, and Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA [2] Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Michael J Owen
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Shaun M Purcell
- 1] Division of Psychiatric Genomics in the Department of Psychiatry, and Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA [2] Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [3] Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
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Pearce SC, Mani V, Boddicker RL, Johnson JS, Weber TE, Ross JW, Baumgard LH, Gabler NK. Heat stress reduces barrier function and alters intestinal metabolism in growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2013; 90 Suppl 4:257-9. [PMID: 23365348 DOI: 10.2527/jas.52339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High ambient temperature exposure can cause major reductions in intestinal function, pig performance, and, if severe enough, mortality. Therefore, our objective was to examine how acute heat stress (HS) alters growing pig intestinal integrity and metabolism. Individually penned crossbred gilts and barrows (46 ± 6 kg BW) were exposed to either thermal neutral (TN; 21°C; 35 to 50% humidity; n = 8) or HS conditions (35°C; 24 to 43% humidity; n = 8) for 24 h. All pigs had ad libitum access to feed and water. Rectal temperature (Tr), respiration rates (RR), BW, and feed intake (FI) were measured. Pigs were killed after 24 h of environmental exposure and freshly isolated ileum and colon samples were mounted into modified Ussing chambers. Segments were analyzed for glucose and glutamine nutrient transport and barrier integrity [transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran transport]. As expected, pigs exposed to HS had an increase in Tr (39.3 vs. 40.9°C; P < 0.01) and RR (52 vs. 119 breaths per minute; P < 0.05). Heat stress decreased FI (53%; P < 0.05) and BW (-2.2 kg; P < 0.05) compared to TN pigs. Compared to TN pigs, mucosal heat shock protein 70 increased (101%; P < 0.05) whereas intestinal integrity was compromised in the HS pigs (ileum and colon TER decreased 52 and 24%, respectively; P < 0.05). Furthermore, serum endotoxin concentrations increased 200% due to HS (P = 0.05). Intestinal glucose transport and blood glucose were elevated due to HS (P < 0.05). However, ileal sucrase and maltase activities decreased in HS pigs (30 and 24%, respectively; P < 0.05). Altogether, these data indicate that high ambient heat loads reduce intestinal integrity and increase circulating endotoxin and stress in pigs. Furthermore, glucose transport and digestive capacity are altered during acute HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Pearce
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA
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Friedl FE, Alvarez MR, Johnson JS, Gratzner HG. Cytometric investigations on hemocytes of the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Tissue Cell 2012; 20:933-9. [PMID: 18620249 DOI: 10.1016/0040-8166(88)90034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/1988] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Pericardial hemolymph was obtained from American Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and the hemocytes characterized by flow cytometry. The cells were found to have a broad unimodal size distribution with a median diameter of 7 micrometers. Total protein measured by flow cytometric fluorescence of dansylated cells also revealed a broad unimodal distribution similar to that obtained for size. The proportion of hemocytes in each stage of the cell cycle was measured using DNA-specific DAPI fluorescence. Histograms showed a single peak representing the G(0)/G(1) population. There was no evidence of S or G(2)+M phases of the cell cycle, nor was polyploidy seen. The forward and orthogonal light scatter of fixed hemocytes showed no evidence of sub-populations on the basis of cytoplasmic granularity. Thus, in terms of these parameters, oyster hemocytes appear to represent a single population exhibiting graded cellular differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Friedl
- Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA
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Song KJ, Johnson JS, Choi BR, Wang JC, Lee KB. Anterior fusion alone compared with combined anterior and posterior fusion for the treatment of degenerative cervical kyphosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 92:1548-52. [PMID: 21037350 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.92b11.24995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the efficacy of anterior fusion alone compared with combined anterior and posterior fusion for the treatment of degenerative cervical kyphosis. Anterior fusion alone was undertaken in 15 patients (group A) and combined anterior and posterior fusion was carried out in a further 15 (group B). The degree and maintenance of the angle of correction, the incidence of graft subsidence, degeneration at adjacent levels and the rate of fusion were assessed radiologically and clinically and the rate of complications recorded. The mean angle of correction in group B was significantly higher than in group A (p = 0.0009). The mean visual analogue scale and the neck disability index in group B was better than in group A (p = 0.043, 0.0006). The mean operation time and the blood loss in B were greater than in group A (p < 0.0001, 0.037). Pseudarthrosis, subsidence of the cage, and problems related to the hardware were more prevalent in group A than in group B (p = 0.034, 0.025, 0.013). Although the combined procedure resulted in a longer operating time and greater blood loss than with anterior fusion alone, our results suggest that for the treatment of degenerative cervical kyphosis the combined approach leads to better maintenance of sagittal alignment, a higher rate of fusion, a lower incidence of complications and a better clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-J Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, G34-18 Keumam-dong, Jeonju-shi, 561-712, South Korea
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Abstract
Porous glass partly filters dissolved salt from aqueous solutions passed through it under pressure. Rejection of salt can be increased by increase in the pH of the solution or by addition of Th(IV). The filtration seems to accord with a mechanism of salt exclusion characteristic of ion exchangers.
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Holtze C, Rowat AC, Agresti JJ, Hutchison JB, Angilè FE, Schmitz CHJ, Köster S, Duan H, Humphry KJ, Scanga RA, Johnson JS, Pisignano D, Weitz DA. Biocompatible surfactants for water-in-fluorocarbon emulsions. Lab Chip 2008; 8:1632-9. [PMID: 18813384 DOI: 10.1039/b806706f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Drops of water-in-fluorocarbon emulsions have great potential for compartmentalizing both in vitro and in vivo biological systems; however, surfactants to stabilize such emulsions are scarce. Here we present a novel class of fluorosurfactants that we synthesize by coupling oligomeric perfluorinated polyethers (PFPE) with polyethyleneglycol (PEG). We demonstrate that these block copolymer surfactants stabilize water-in-fluorocarbon oil emulsions during all necessary steps of a drop-based experiment including drop formation, incubation, and reinjection into a second microfluidic device. Furthermore, we show that aqueous drops stabilized with these surfactants can be used for in vitro translation (IVT), as well as encapsulation and incubation of single cells. The compatability of this emulsion system with both biological systems and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic devices makes these surfactants ideal for a broad range of high-throughput, drop-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Holtze
- Department of Physics and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
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Asokan A, Johnson JS, Li C, Samulski RJ. Bioluminescent virion shells: new tools for quantitation of AAV vector dynamics in cells and live animals. Gene Ther 2008; 15:1618-22. [PMID: 18668144 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2008.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Current technologies for visualizing infectious pathways of viruses rely on fluorescent labeling of capsid proteins by chemical conjugation or genetic manipulation. For noninvasive in vivo imaging of such agents in mammalian tissue, we engineered bioluminescent Gaussia luciferase-tagged Adeno-associated viral (gLuc/AAV) vectors. The enzyme was incorporated into recombinant AAV serotypes 1, 2 and 8 capsids by fusing to the N-terminus of the VP2 capsid subunit to yield bioluminescent virion shells. The gLuc/AAV vectors were used to quantify kinetics of cell-surface-binding by AAV2 capsids in vitro. Bioluminescent virion shells displayed an exponential decrease in luminescent signal following cellular uptake in vitro. A similar trend was observed following intramuscular injection in vivo, although the rate of decline in bioluminescent signal varied markedly between AAV serotypes. gLuc/AAV1 and gLuc/AAV8 vectors displayed rapid decrease in bioluminescent signal to background levels within 30 min, whereas the signal from gLuc/AAV2 vectors persisted for over 2 h. Bioluminescent virion shells might be particularly useful in quantifying dynamics of viral vector uptake in cells and peripheral tissues in live animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Asokan
- Department of Pharmacology, Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7352, USA
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Spoel SH, Johnson JS, Dong X. Regulation of tradeoffs between plant defenses against pathogens with different lifestyles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:18842-7. [PMID: 17998535 PMCID: PMC2141864 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0708139104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants activate distinct defense responses depending on the lifestyle of the attacker encountered. In these responses, salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) play important signaling roles. SA induces defense against biotrophic pathogens that feed and reproduce on live host cells, whereas JA activates defense against necrotrophic pathogens that kill host cells for nutrition and reproduction. Cross-talk between these defense signaling pathways has been shown to optimize the response against a single attacker. However, its role in defense against multiple pathogens with distinct lifestyles is unknown. Here we show that infection with biotrophic Pseudomonas syringae, which induces SA-mediated defense, rendered plants more susceptible to the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria brassicicola by suppression of the JA signaling pathway. This process was partly dependent on the cross-talk modulator NPR1. Surprisingly, this tradeoff was restricted to tissues adjacent to the site of initial infection; A. brassicicola infection in systemic tissue was not affected. Even more surprisingly, tradeoff occurred only with the virulent Pseudomonas strain. Avirulent strains that induced programmed cell death (PCD), an effective plant-resistance mechanism against biotrophs, did not cause suppression of JA-dependent defense. This result might be advantageous to the plant by preventing necrotrophic pathogen growth in tissues undergoing PCD. Our findings show that plants tightly control cross-talk between SA- and JA-dependent defenses in a previously unrecognized spatial and pathogen type-specific fashion. This process allows them to prevent unfavorable signal interactions and maximize their ability to concomitantly fend off multiple pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xinnian Dong
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the critical role of nursing in implementing a behaviour plan in a psychiatric hospital. The plan was implemented with a 40-year-old man with a long history of aggression towards others and self. The study used a single-subject research design with baseline and intervention phases (AB Design). Data were collected on (1) frequency of incidents of aggression towards others and self; (2) use of restrictive interventions to manage aggression (i.e. restraints, pro re nata medication, 1:1 special observation); and (3) frequency of staff injury. The data show a decrease in frequency of aggression towards others and self, a concurrent reduction in the use of restrictive interventions to manage aggression, and a decrease in incidents of staff injury. The behaviour plan helped staff maintain a safe and therapeutic milieu. The behaviour plan has given the patient an opportunity to learn positive replacement behaviours and skills, and the opportunity eventually to leave the hospital to live in a less restrictive community home.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Bisconer
- Eastern State Hospital, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA.
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Abstract
A flock of Rambouillet sheep was examined because of increased lamb mortality due to ineffective hemostasis at parturition. Decreased activities of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X, and severely reduced hepatic gamma-glutamyl carboxylase activity with adequate vitamin K 2,3 epoxide reductase activity was determined.(1,)(21) Parenteral vitamin K(1) supplementation did not improve vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor activities in 3 affected lambs. Affected lamb gamma-glutamyl carboxylase deoxyribonucleic acid was sequenced, and 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs 2-5) of the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase gene were identified. Single nucleotide polymorphism-4 results in an arginine to stop codon (UGA) substitution, which prematurely terminates the peptide at residue 686 (R686Stop). This genotype (GATT/GATT) has a strong association with the coagulopathy observed in clinically affected lambs, P < 0.001. The frequency of SNP-3 in exon 11 (R486H) within the MARC 1.1 database is high in the US sheep population overall. Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase activity in hepatic microsomes from a SNP-3 homozygous lamb lacking the SNP-4 mutation (GACC/GACC) was similar to control sheep homozygous for arginine at 486 and also lacking SNP-4 (TGCC/TGCC), indicating that the R486H does not measurably impact gamma-glutamyl carboxylase activity. The remaining two SNPs (2 and 5) are located within non-coding intron sequences. These 4 SNPs allowed for determining the genotype associated with the observed fatal coagulopathy. Screening for the premature truncation (SNP-4) based on the presence of a Bbv I restriction site in clinically normal lambs but not in the homozygous affected lambs allows for detection of the heterozygous state (GATT/GACC), because carrier animals are clinically normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Johnson
- Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Johnson JS, Roux KJ, Fletcher BS, Fortun J, Notterpek L. Molecular alterations resulting from frameshift mutations in peripheral myelin protein 22: implications for neuropathy severity. J Neurosci Res 2006; 82:743-52. [PMID: 16273544 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) expression are associated with a heterogeneous group of hereditary demyelinating peripheral neuropathies. Two mutations at glycine 94, a single guanine insertion or deletion in PMP22, result in different reading frameshifts and, consequently, an extended G94fsX222 or a truncated G94fsX110 protein, respectively. Both of these autosomal dominant mutations alter the second half of PMP22 and yet are linked to clinical phenotypes with distinct severities. The G94fsX222 is associated with hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies, whereas G94fsX110 causes severe neuropathy diagnosed as Dejerine-Sottas disease or Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type IA. To investigate the subcellular changes associated with the G94 frameshift mutations, we expressed epitope-tagged forms in primary rat Schwann cells. Biochemical and immunolabeling studies indicate that, unlike the wild-type protein, which is targeted for the plasma membrane, frameshift PMP22s are retained in the cell, prior to reaching the medial Golgi compartment. Similar to Wt-PMP22, both frameshift mutants are targeted for proteasomal degradation and accumulate in detergent-insoluble, ubiquitin-containing aggregates upon inhibition of this pathway. The extended frameshift PMP22 shows the ability to form spontaneous aggregates in the absence of proteasome inhibition. On the other hand, Schwann cells expressing the truncated protein proliferate at a significantly higher rate than Schwann cells expressing the wild-type or the extended PMP22. In summary, these results suggest that a greater potential for PMP22 aggregation is associated with a less severe phenotype, whereas dysregulation of Schwann cell proliferation is linked to severe neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32610-0244, USA
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Xue GP, Patel M, Johnson JS, Smyth DJ, Vickers CE. Selectable marker-free transgenic barley producing a high level of cellulase (1,4-beta-glucanase) in developing grains. Plant Cell Rep 2003; 21:1088-94. [PMID: 12836003 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-003-0627-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2003] [Revised: 02/24/2003] [Accepted: 02/28/2003] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The use of barley grains as bioreactors for high-level production of cellulase (1,4-beta-glucanase) was investigated. A hybrid cellulase gene, cel-hyb1, driven by the rice GluB-1 promoter was expressed specifically in developing endosperm. Codon usage optimisation of cel-hyb1 increased its expression in barley grains 527-fold and led to cellulase production of up to 1.5% of total grain protein. CEL-HYB1 enzyme in barley grains was highly stable during post-harvest storage. Selectable marker gene ( hph) was subsequently eliminated from transgenic lines through segregation of hph from synthetic cel-hyb1 ( syn.cel-hyb1) in T1 progeny, using a binary plasmid containing hph and syn.cel-hyb1 in separate T-DNAs. These data suggest that barley grains can potentially be used for the commercial production of cellulase.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Xue
- CSIRO Plant Industry, 120 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Brisbane, Australia.
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