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Berdychevsky L. (Un)forgotten Sex Lives During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Coping Strategies That Work and the Role of Experience. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:3343-3363. [PMID: 37407891 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02630-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Available literature points to a worsening trend in sexual functioning, desire, and satisfaction during the pandemic. Nevertheless, virtually no empirical research was conducted on the mechanisms of coping with the pandemic's impacts on sex life. Thus, the purpose of this exploratory study was to examine a variety of coping mechanisms and their perceived usefulness by people who have and have not tried these coping strategies to maintain and enhance their sex lives during the first year of the pandemic. The cross-sectional data were collected using an online survey methodology (N = 420; 66.9% women) and analyzed utilizing exploratory factor analysis, analysis of variance, and multiple regression. The results revealed nine factors/coping mechanisms (based on 59 items/strategies), including goal-setting strategies, risk and experimentation strategies, relational strategies, caution and logistical strategies, creativity and innovation strategies, substances and context-related strategies, online and technology strategies, diversion strategies, and educational strategies. Consistently, across all the specific coping strategies and overall coping mechanisms, people who tried them found them significantly more useful than those who had not tried these coping strategies. Moreover, a higher diversity of tried strategies per coping mechanism consistently and significantly predicted the perceived usefulness of that coping mechanism. These results emphasize the crucial role of experience with coping mechanisms and show that amidst COVID-related adversity and challenges, many people found ways to adapt their sex lives and enjoy silver-lining opportunities. This exploratory study offers promising evidence for potential sexual coping strategies during times of stress that could be informative for clinical practice and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Berdychevsky
- Department of Recreation, Sport and Tourism, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 219 Huff Hall, 1206 South Fourth St., Champaign, IL, 61820, USA.
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Berdychevsky L. Sexual Coping Mechanisms During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Determinants of Use, Usefulness, and Effects on Sex Life. SEXUALITY RESEARCH & SOCIAL POLICY : JOURNAL OF NSRC : SR & SP 2023:1-24. [PMID: 37363354 PMCID: PMC10195656 DOI: 10.1007/s13178-023-00811-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a toll on many people's sex lives. The ways people cope with these adverse impacts are an urgent area that needs to be recognized by sexual health researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. Thus, this study investigated sexual coping mechanisms during the pandemic while clarifying their determinants of use and usefulness and examining their impacts on the quantity and quality of sex life. Methods The cross-sectional data (N = 675) were collected using an online survey methodology in February-May 2021. The data were analyzed with one-sample and independent-samples t-tests, one-way between-subjects ANOVA, and multivariate multiple regression. Results This study identified eight sexual coping mechanisms during the pandemic, including creativity and pleasure, diversion, goal-setting, relational, educational, caution and logistical, online and technological, and innovation and experimentation strategies. All the coping mechanisms were used and rated significantly useful, albeit to different degrees. Gender, availability of a sex partner, the existence of children, and age served as determinants of different coping mechanisms' scope of use and degree of usefulness. The coping mechanisms predicted the frequency of sexual activity, sexual desire, and satisfaction with sex life during the pandemic. Conclusions This study's results can help scholars and practitioners prevent or mitigate the deterioration of sex life during the pandemics and other crises and stressors. It is essential to train people concerning sexual coping resources and strategies to protect their sexual wellbeing and quality of life. Policy Implications Health researchers, practitioners, and policymakers must consider maintaining sexual health as an essential service. Recognizing sexual health, rights, education, and counseling is a prerequisite for appropriate prevention measures during the pandemic. It is vital to ensure the availability of proper resources supporting people's sexual coping processes during and after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Berdychevsky
- Department of Recreation, Sport and Tourism, The Family Resiliency Center, Center for Social and Behavioral Science, Center on Health, Aging, and Disability, Health Care Engineering Systems Center, Discovery Partners Institute, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, (MC-584), 219 Huff Hall, 1206 South Fourth St., IL 61820 Champaign, USA
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Hensel DJ, Rosenberg M, Luetke M, Fu TC, Herbenick D. The Impact of Household Context on Self-Perceived Changes in Solo and Partnered Sexual Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from a U.S. Probability Survey. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:655-667. [PMID: 36376743 PMCID: PMC9662764 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02459-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
To understand how household context factors impacted self-reported changes in solo and sexual behaviors in U.S. adults during early stages of the COVID- 19 pandemic, we conducted an online, nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of U.S. adults (N = 1010; aged 18-94 years; 62% response rate) from April 10-20, 2020. We used weighted descriptive statistics with Wilcoxon rank sign tests to understand the population prevalence and significance of self-reported changes (five-point scale: much less to much more) in 10 solo and partnered sexual behaviors. Ordinal regression was used to assess the impact of household predictor variables-including number of children at home, number of adults in home, partnership status (unpartnered, partnered and not living together, partnered and living together) and employment status (not working, employed not as essential worker, employed as essential worker). All models were adjusted for gender, age, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, and residence location (urban, suburban, rural).All solo and partnered sexual behaviors showed some amount of significant change-increased activity for some and decreased for others-for U.S. adults during the pandemic. Not living with a partner was broadly associated with decreased affectionate partnered sexual behaviors; unpartnered adults reported increased sexting. Individuals not employed reported increased oral sex and increased consumption of sexually explicit materials as compared to non-essential workers. Number of children at home and household size were not significantly linked to self-reported behavior change. Ongoing sexual health-focused research should continue to focus on understanding how adults manage opportunities and constraints to their sexual lives in the context of a still-going pandemic. While many aspects of social life look more "normal" (e.g., many people have returned to their in-person offices and children are largely back in school), new and more-infectious strains of COVID-19 have proven that the pandemic may still yet impact daily living. Lessons learned from COVID need to include sexual health planning both for any future strains of COVID, as well as for future public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon J Hensel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 West 10th Street Room 1001, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University Purdue University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Center for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Molly Rosenberg
- Center for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Institute for Social Research and Data Innovation/Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maya Luetke
- Institute for Social Research and Data Innovation/Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tsung-Chieh Fu
- Center for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Debby Herbenick
- Center for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Komlenac N, Herzig R, Pittl M, Perkhofer S, Tucek G, Hochleitner M. A Vignette Study Analyzing Contextual Factors that Influence Emerging Adults' Definitions of Virginity Loss in German-Speaking Countries. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2022; 59:1045-1059. [PMID: 34128744 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2021.1932708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Past research on virginity loss definitions revealed that emerging adults' definitions of virginity loss are associated with emerging adults' own sociodemographic characteristics. However, previous research has not systematically studied whether emerging adults applied different criteria for virginity loss depending on the context of the judged behavior. The current study used vignettes to explore which contextual factors of an intimate partnered behavior influence emerging adults' definition of virginity loss. Each of the 987 participants (75% women/25% men; Mage = 23.7, SD = 3.8) was assigned to one of 16 vignette conditions. The main character's gender, sexual orientation, and commitment to the partner were manipulated in the vignettes, describing the main character engaging in intimate partnered behavior with either a woman or a man. Participants had to indicate whether 13 intimate partnered behaviors qualified as virginity loss in the given context. Emerging adults applied different standards for virginity loss definitions depending on the involved partners' gender. They counted more behaviors as virginity loss in conditions where two people of the same gender engaged in intimate partnered behavior. Healthcare practitioners concerned with emerging adults' sexual health should be aware of these double standards for virginity loss definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manuel Pittl
- FH Gesundheit, Health University of Applied Sciences Tyrol
| | | | - Gerhard Tucek
- Institut Therapiewissenschaften, FH Krems University of Applied Sciences
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Gabster A, Erausquin JT, Michielsen K, Mayaud P, Pascale JM, Pericas C, Marks M, Katz J, Talavero GC, de Argote M, Murillo A, Tucker JD. How did COVID-19 measures impact sexual behaviour and access to HIV/STI services in Panama? Results from a national cross-sectional online survey. Sex Transm Infect 2022; 98:332-340. [PMID: 34400575 PMCID: PMC8370840 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2021-054985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe reported changes in sexual behaviours, including virtual sex (sexting and cybersex), and access to HIV/STI testing and care during COVID-19 measures in Panama. METHODS We conducted an online cross-sectional survey from 8 August to 12 September 2020 among adults (≥18 years) residing in Panama. Participants were recruited through social media. Questions included demographics, access to HIV/STI testing and HIV care, and sexual behaviours 3 months before COVID-19 social distancing measures and during social distancing measures (COVID-19 measures). Logistic regression was used to identify associations between variables and behavioural changes. RESULTS We recruited 960 participants; 526 (54.8%) identified as cis-women, 366 (38.1%) cis-men and 68 (7.1%) non-binary or another gender. The median age was 28 years (IQR: 23-37 years), and 531 of 957 (55.5%) were of mixed ethnicity (mixed Indigenous/European/Afro-descendant ancestry). Before COVID-19 measures, virtual sex was reported by 38.5% (181 of 470) of cis-women, 58.4% (184 of 315) cis-men and 45.0% (27 of 60) non-binary participants. During COVID-19 measures, virtual sex increased among 17.2% of cis-women, 24.7% cis-men and 8.9% non-binary participants. During COVID-19 measures, 230 of 800 (28.8%) participants reported decreased casual sex compared with pre-COVID-19 measures. Compared with pre-COVID-19 measures, decreased casual sex was reported more frequently during COVID-19 measures by cis-men compared with cis-women (39.2% vs 22.9%, urban/rural adjusted OR (AOR)=2.17, 95% CI 1.57 to 3.01), and by Afro-descendant compared with participants of mixed ethnicity (40.0% vs 29.8%, AOR=1.78, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.94). Compared with no change in virtual sex (16.8%), increased virtual sex (38.5%, AOR=1.78, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.88) and decreased virtual sex (86.7%, AOR=16.53, 95% CI 7.74 to 35.27) were associated with decreased casual sex encounters. During COVID-19 measures, HIV/STI testing could not be obtained by 58.0% (58 of 100) of the participants who needed a test, and interrupted HIV care was reported by 53.3% (8 of 15) of participants living with HIV. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 measures in Panama were associated with a decrease in casual sex among cis-men and Afro-descendant people, while access to HIV/STI testing and care was seriously disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Gabster
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Genómica y Proteómica, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama, Panama
| | - Jennifer Toller Erausquin
- School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristien Michielsen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Philippe Mayaud
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London, UK
| | - Juan Miguel Pascale
- Genómica y Proteómica, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama, Panama
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Panama, Panama, Panama
| | - Carles Pericas
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Michael Marks
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Katz
- Genómica y Proteómica, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama, Panama
| | | | - Marilu de Argote
- Genómica y Proteómica, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama, Panama
| | - Anet Murillo
- Genómica y Proteómica, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama, Panama
| | - Joseph D Tucker
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Montanaro E, Bowling J, Farris S, Scarborough A, Moody B, Rawitz N. “Sex as a way to gain some control”: Sexual subjectivity during the COVID-19 pandemic. SEXUALITIES 2022:136346072210973. [PMCID: PMC9082099 DOI: 10.1177/13634607221097342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has shifted dynamics of sexual health, including sexual subjectivity, or the way in which someone thinks of themself as a sexual being and feels entitled to pleasure. This study examines how adults in the US perceive changes in their sexual subjectivity related to the pandemic. We conducted an online survey ( N = 326), and included thematic analyses related to open-ended questions. The following themes emerged: intentional self-reflection, control of change, control of perspective, control of relationships, control of communication, and control of sexual behavior. Our findings have implications for psychological and public health approaches. We find large overlap of “capacity and engagement in self-reflection” across other themes. The implications and durability of these changes are unknown.
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Vigl J, Strauss H, Talamini F, Zentner M. Relationship satisfaction in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-national examination of situational, dispositional, and relationship factors. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264511. [PMID: 35239691 PMCID: PMC8893701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a large impact on various aspects of life, but questions about its effects on close relationships remain largely unanswered. In the present study, we examined perceived changes in relationship satisfaction at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic by using an international sample of 3,243 individuals from 67 different countries, mostly from Italy, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. In April and May 2020, participants responded to an online survey that included questions about relationship satisfaction, their satisfaction before the pandemic, other relationship aspects (e.g., shared time), special circumstances (e.g., mobility restrictions), and enduring dispositions (e.g., insecure attachment). A decline in time shared with one's partner was most strongly associated with perceived decreases in relationship satisfaction, resulting in a different pattern of findings for cohabiting and non-cohabiting individuals. Among the most influential moderators were anxious and avoidant attachment. The findings offer insights into both aggravating and protecting factors in couples' responses to pandemic-related stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Vigl
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hannah Strauss
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Marcel Zentner
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Haddad C, Malhab SB, Sacre H, Malaeb D, Azzi J, Khachman D, Lahoud N, Salameh P. Factors related to pregnancy status and unwanted pregnancy among lebanese women during the COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-sectional study. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:68. [PMID: 35216618 PMCID: PMC8874299 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Home confinement and lockdowns have created challenges and vulnerabilities, causing relevant changes in sexual health and couple stability, particularly in women. The objective of this study was to evaluate the socio-economic and psychological factors related to current pregnancy status and unwanted pregnancy among Lebanese women during the COVID-19 lockdown. METHODS A cross-sectional online study conducted between June 8 and August 1, 2020, enrolled 369 Lebanese women using the snowball technique for data collection. All married women between 18 and 51, with access to the internet and currently living with their partners, were eligible to participate. Current pregnancy status and unwanted pregnancy were assessed using binary questions. The SPSS software 25 was used for data analysis, and multivariable analysis was performed, taking the pregnancy status and unwanted pregnancy as the dependent variables. The statistical significance was set at a p-value < 0.05. RESULTS Our results showed that 11.1% of women were pregnant, of whom 22.0% reported unwanted pregnancies. Having children (ORa = 0.183) and taking contraceptives (ORa = 0.231) were significantly associated with a reduced chance of becoming pregnant. Higher psychological violence would negatively affect pregnancy, but the association was not significant (p = 0.065). Regular visits to the physician for routine checks were also linked to a decreased risk of unwanted pregnancy (ORa = 0.053). Higher psychological violence would affect unwanted pregnancy; however, the association was insignificant (p = 0.056). CONCLUSION The study findings showed that having children and taking contraceptives are associated with a reduced pregnancy. Additionally, psychological violence was found to be related to current pregnancy status and unplanned pregnancy. During a pandemic, vulnerable women should be identified and given adequate care, knowledge, and awareness regarding their reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadia Haddad
- Research department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Sandrella Bou Malhab
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculté de santé, Université Sainte Famille, Batroun, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Joelle Azzi
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Dalia Khachman
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie Lahoud
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Gender-Based Violence in the Asia-Pacific Region during COVID-19: A Hidden Pandemic behind Closed Doors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042239. [PMID: 35206424 PMCID: PMC8871686 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Since the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been reports of increased violence against women globally. We aimed to explore factors associated with reported increases in gender-based violence (GBV) during the pandemic in the Asia-Pacific region. We conducted 47 semi-structured interviews with experts working in sexual and reproductive health in 12 countries in the region. We analysed data thematically, using the socio-ecological framework of violence. Risks associated with increased GBV included economic strain, alcohol use and school closures, together with reduced access to health and social services. We highlight the need to address heightened risk factors, the importance of proactively identifying instances of GBV and protecting women and girls through establishing open and innovative communication channels, along with addressing underlying issues of gender inequality and social norms. Violence is exacerbated during public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying and supporting women at risk, as well as preventing domestic violence during lockdowns and movement restrictions is an emerging challenge. Our findings can help inform the adoption of improved surveillance and research, as well as innovative interventions to prevent violence and detect and protect victims.
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Montanaro EA, Bowling J, Gioia D, Guerrero-Ordonez S. Closeness and distance: Relationships and sexuality during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. PSYCHOLOGY & SEXUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2022.2039272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika A. Montanaro
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
| | - Jessamyn Bowling
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
| | - Diana Gioia
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
| | - Sarai Guerrero-Ordonez
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
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Changes in sexual behaviour, anxiety symptoms, and quality of couple relationship of patients with infertility during the COVID-19 lockdown. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:493-504. [PMID: 35094183 PMCID: PMC8800844 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02361-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore the perceived changes in sexual behaviour during COVID-19 lockdown, anxiety symptoms, and couple relationship of patients with infertility. Methods We performed an observational cross-sectional study between 20 November 2020 and 15 January 2021. We used stratified analysis of different stress levels and Quality of Marriage Index (QMI) scores to compare the perceived changes in sexual behaviour, anxiety symptoms, and couple relationship. The logistic regression model was performed to assess factors correlated with couples’ relationship quality during the lockdown. Furthermore, we performed pathway analyses to assess whether the changes in sexual behaviour, stress level, or psychological anxiety during the lockdown could predict the quality of couple relationship. Results A total of 940 patients with infertility were included in this study. When we conducted a stratified analysis of the participants, significant differences were found between the changes in their sexual behaviour, stress levels, and couple relationship quality. The logistic regression model showed that sex, anxiety symptoms, decreased sexual satisfaction, sexual activity frequency, and income levels were closely related to couple relationship quality. Pathway analyses indicated that changes in their sexual behaviour, anxiety symptoms, and stress levels could all predict the quality of couple relationship. Conclusions The perceived changes in sexual behaviour with different stress levels and couple relationship quality showed significant differences. Analysing the related factors that affect the quality of couple relationship, especially in times of crisis, is of great significance as this information can contribute to the improvement of treatment for patients with infertility. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10815-021-02361-4.
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Vimal R. The impact of the Covid-19 lockdown on the human experience of nature. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:149571. [PMID: 34492485 PMCID: PMC8418199 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in extensive lockdowns implemented all around the world and billion of people have been asked to stay at home for several weeks. Although this global confinement has had potentially huge unintended consequences on the environment and on its associated wildlife, this study shows that it has also impacted the human experience of nature. Based on an online questionnaire, this study aims to assess how the significant changes in people's everyday lives induced by the French lockdown impacted their relationship with other species. Participants did not only observe and interact more with non human species, but also discovered new traits characterizing them, and felt less lonely thanks to them. The impact of the lockdown was stronger on people's relationship with their pets, farm animals, home plants and with birds than with other plants and animals. This study further demonstrates that participants with different profiles have been affected differently. In particular, women and people with better access to nature were clearly more sensitive to changes and have been more positively impacted in their relationships with other species. Acting as a real world experiment, the lockdown reveals to which extent our experience of nature is embedded in social, cultural and political contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruppert Vimal
- GEODE UMR 5602, CNRS, Université Jean-Jaurès, 5 Allée Antonio-Machado, 31058 Toulouse, France.
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13
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Molla W, Hailemariam S, Mengistu N, Madoro D, Bayisa Y, Tilahun R, Wudneh A, Ayele GM. Unintended pregnancy and associated factors during COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia: Community-based cross-sectional study. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 18:17455057221118170. [PMID: 35972047 PMCID: PMC9382576 DOI: 10.1177/17455057221118170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The term 'unintended pregnancy' refers to a pregnancy that occurred when no children were desired or occurred earlier than desired. Unintended births account for one out of every three births in Ethiopia, and they are the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, this could be useful. COVID-19 has a significant impact on maternal health care utilization, including family planning services. As a result, this study aimed to assess unintended pregnancy and associated factors in Ethiopia during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gedeo zone, Ethiopia, from April 1 to May 30, 2021. A simple random sampling technique was utilized to get 383 pregnant women from their respective kebeles. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data during a face-to-face interview. The data were coded, cleaned, and entered into Epidemiological Data Version 3.1 before being exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science Version 23.0 for analysis. A bivariate and multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify statistically significant associations between dependent and independent variables. The odds ratio, with a 95% confidence interval and a P value of 0.05%, was considered statistically significant. RESULT A total of 383 pregnant women participated in the study, giving a response rate of 90.8%. During the COVID-19 pandemic, 140 (36.6%) participants stated that their current pregnancy was unintended. Unintended pregnancy was significantly associated with respondents' age (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 5.214 (1.449-18.762)), primary decision maker for family planning services (AOR = 9.510 (5.057-17.887)), and fear of COVID-19 to visit a health care facility (AOR = 7.061 (2.665-18.710)). CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 era, more than one-third of women had unintended pregnancies. Unintended pregnancy was significantly associated with respondents' age, autonomy to use contraceptive methods, and fear of COVID-19, which required them to attend a health care institution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Derebe Madoro
- Department of Psychiatry, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | | | - Ruth Tilahun
- Department of Midwifery, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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14
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Dong M, Wu S, Tao Y, Zhou F, Tan J. The Impact of Postponed Fertility Treatment on the Sexual Health of Infertile Patients Owing to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:730994. [PMID: 34957137 PMCID: PMC8703142 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.730994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: With the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at the beginning of 2020, all non-essential medical treatments were suspended, including fertility treatments. As a unique group in society, patients with infertility may be more sensitive and vulnerable in the face of pressure and crisis. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports on the influence of postponed fertility treatment on the sexual health of infertile patients owing to COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether postponed fertility treatment resulting from COVID-19 affects the sexual health of patients with infertility. Methods: A total of 1,442 participants were included for analysis in this large-scale study. Those with postponed fertility treatment were categorised as group A (n = 474), whereas those whose fertility treatment was not delayed were in group B (n = 968). The sexual health and psychological well-being were compared between the two groups. Results: The total Female Sexual Function Index score and five domains of female sexual function (arousal ability, vaginal lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and coital pain) were significantly lower in group A than those in group B (p < 0.05). The International Index of Erectile Dysfunction score and Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool score were significantly higher in group A than those in group B (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Delaying fertility treatment obviously affects patients' sexual and mental health. Through a structural equation model, we observed that postponed fertility treatment mediates sexual health by regulating psychological distress and couple relationship quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Dong
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning, Shenyang, China.,School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanqiang Tao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Zhou
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning, Shenyang, China
| | - Jichun Tan
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning, Shenyang, China
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15
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Pienaar K, Flore J, Power J, Murphy D. Making publics in a pandemic: Posthuman relationalities, 'viral' intimacies and COVID-19. HEALTH SOCIOLOGY REVIEW : THE JOURNAL OF THE HEALTH SECTION OF THE AUSTRALIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2021; 30:244-259. [PMID: 34338143 DOI: 10.1080/14461242.2021.1961600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has placed sexual relationships into sharp focus as strict containment measures, including physical distancing and 'stay at home' restrictions, were initiated to control the spread of the virus. Governments in some jurisdictions prevented contact between non-cohabiting sexual partners (except for couples in pre-existing relationships), while community organisations recommended people avoid casual sexual encounters. This article analyses Australian media articles, commentary and public health messages published during March to October 2020 to explore the normative assumptions underpinning these measures. Applying posthumanist perspectives and Warner's (2002) conceptualisation of 'publics', we consider how COVID-19 public health advice enacts the (human) subject of public health as monogamous, coupled, and living with their partner or nuclear family. Those in non-normative relationships and households are not only excluded from this narrow enactment of the 'ideal' public health subject, but are rendered potentially risky disease vectors by virtue of their alternative kinship arrangements. We explore the implications of these findings for the more-than-human relationalities that shape health inequalities and processes of marginalisation during public health crises, and we offer suggestions for public health measures that address the needs of diverse 'publics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Pienaar
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jacinthe Flore
- Social and Global Studies Centre, School of Global, Urban and Social Studies, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer Power
- Australian Research Centre for Sex, Health and Society (ARCSHS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dean Murphy
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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16
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Gleason N, Banik S, Braverman J, Coleman E. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sexual Behaviors: Findings From a National Survey in the United States. J Sex Med 2021; 18:1851-1862. [PMID: 34535369 PMCID: PMC8417519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies from the first months of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the resulting lockdown and social distancing measures have shown that there have been decreases in sexual frequency and relationship satisfaction. AIM To evaluate the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexual behavior, relationship satisfaction, and intimate partner violence in the United States using a large national convenience sample. METHODS About 1,051 participants across the United States were recruited in October 2020 to complete a cross-sectional online survey. OUTCOMES Participants were asked to retrospectively report their sexual behavior frequency, relationship satisfaction, and intimate partner violence during the pandemic and prior to the pandemic RESULTS: There was a small but significant decrease in some retrospectively-reported partnered sexual activities, and men reported a small increase in masturbation and pornography use. There was no evidence for a change in relationship satisfaction or intimate partner violence, but both men and women reported a small decrease in sexual pleasure, and women reported a small decrease in sexual desire. The sexual behaviors with greatest reduction were casual sex, hookups, and number of partners, and the most diminished as aspect of sexual functioning was sexual enjoyment. Depression symptoms, relationship status, and perceived importance of social distancing emerged as predictors of these reductions. Less than half of individuals who engaged with casual sex partners before the start of the pandemic ceased this behavior completely after the start of the pandemic. Individuals waited on average 6-7 weeks before reengaging in casual sex. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS These results inform public health response to the effects of the pandemic and add to our understanding of how the pandemic has continued to impact sexual behavior. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS This is the first known study to evaluate sexual behavior several months into the COVID-19 pandemic using a large national sample. However, the results of this study are limited by its convenience sampling method and cross-sectional design. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the changes in sexual behavior observed in the early months of the pandemic have continued, with small but significant decreases in many partnered sexual behaviors and a small increase in men's solitary sexual behaviors. Gleason N, Banik S, Braverman J, et al. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sexual Behaviors: Findings From a National Survey in the United States. J Sex Med 2021;18:1851-1862.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Gleason
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Swagata Banik
- Center for Health Disparities Research & Education, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH, USA
| | | | - Eli Coleman
- Program in Human Sexuality, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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17
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Bio-psychosocial study on the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on depression and anxiety in a sample of 1753 French-speaking subjects. Encephale 2021; 48:118-124. [PMID: 33994159 PMCID: PMC8015427 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article was to study the impact of the COVID19 lockdown on anxiety and depressive symptoms on the basis of responses to an online survey from 1753 French-speaking subjects, conducted between April 27 and May 11, 2020. Method Using a biopsychosocial model, the effects of socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender at birth, socio-professional category, sexual orientation), lockdown conditions (material factors: urban density of the place of residence, surface area of the place of residence during lockdown), social characteristics: living with a partner during lockdown, presence of children during lockdown) and psychosocial history (attachment styles) on anxiety – evaluated on the GAD7 – and depression – evaluated on the MDI – were investigated. Ordinal regression analyses were conducted. Results The rates of depression observed (moderate or severe depression: 22.5%) and anxiety (moderate or severe anxiety: 18.4%) were higher than usual but lower than what has been documented in other studies on the effects of lockdown. Women appeared to be more vulnerable than men (Anxiety: AOR = 1.647, CI 95% = 1.647–2.530; Depression: AOR = 1.622, CI 95% = 1.274–2.072). Bisexual individuals had an increased likelihood of anxiety symptoms (AOR = 1.962, CI 95% = 1.544–2.490) and depression (AOR = 1.799, CI 95% = 1.394–2.317). For homosexuals, only links with depression were observed (AOR = 1.757, CI 95% = 1.039–2.906). People in a situation of economic vulnerability were more prone to anxiety disorders (e.g. people with no working activity: AOR = 1.791, CI 95% = 1.147–2.790) or depression (e.g. people with no working activity: AOR = 2.581, CI 95% = 1.633–4.057). Links with attachment styles were also found. Fearful subjects were particularly vulnerable (anxiety: AOR = 2.514, CI 95% = 1.985–3.190; depression: AOR = 2.521, CI 95% = 1.938–3.289), followed by subjects with an anxious attachment style (anxiety: AOR = 1.949, CI 95% = 1.498–2.540; depression: AOR = 1.623, CI 95% = 1.207–2.181). The impact of lockdown on avoidant subjects only concerned depression (AOR = 1.417, CI 95% = 1.034–1.937). Being with a partner during lockdown appeared to have a protective effect against depression (AOR = .693, CI 95% = .555–.866). Neither the presence of children, the surface area of the lockdown residence, nor the population density of the place of residence was associated with anxiety or depression. Conclusion The impact of lockdown on mental health depends on a range of dimensions that need to be apprehended in order to tailor post-lockdown psychological and social support. Management based on a biopsychosocial approach should be favored.
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18
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Ogunbodede OT, Zablotska-Manos I, Lewis DA. Potential and demonstrated impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexually transmissible infections: Republication. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2021; 16:115-120. [PMID: 33625042 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review considers the potential and demonstrated impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on the sexually transmissible infection (STI)/HIV transmission. RECENT FINDINGS COVID-19 increases the vulnerability of those at highest risk of acquiring STI/HIV. Altered health-seeking behaviour, reductions in STI/HIV clinic capacity, service disruptions and redeployment of human resources to assist COVID-19 control efforts have impacted on STI/HIV control programmes. Reports of reduced STI incidence are emerging, but it is hard to determine whether this is real or due to decreased testing during COVID-19 lockdown periods. Fear of COVID-19 and implemented control measures have altered STI/HIV transmission dynamics. Sexual health services adapted to the pandemic by reducing face-to-face patient encounters in favour of telehealth and mail-based initiatives as well as more stringent triage practice. Many sexual health and HIV treatment services now operate at reduced capacity and experience ongoing service disruptions, which necessarily translates into poorer outcomes for patients and their communities. SUMMARY In the short-term, COVID-19 related sexual behaviour change is driving STI/HIV transmission downwards. However, the impacts of the global COVID-19 response on sexual health-seeking behaviour and STI/HIV services threaten to drive STI/HIV transmission upwards. Ultimately, the expected rebound in STI/HIV incidence will require an appropriate and timely public health response. VIDEO ABSTRACT http://links.lww.com/COID/A31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaitan T Ogunbodede
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead
| | - Iryna Zablotska-Manos
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Westmead
- Western Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Western Sydney Local Health District, Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David A Lewis
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Westmead
- Western Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Western Sydney Local Health District, Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
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19
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Ogrodniczuk JS, Rice SM, Kealy D, Seidler ZE, Delara M, Oliffe JL. Psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study of online help-seeking Canadian men. Postgrad Med 2021; 133:750-759. [PMID: 33402003 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2021.1873027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the lives of men. The present study investigated psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on a help-seeking sample of Canadian men, focusing on diverse aspects of their psychosocial well-being.Methods: A cross-sectional, open survey study design was used. Canadian adult men who were visiting an eHealth depression resource (HeadsUpGuys.org) were recruited to complete an online survey. Descriptive statistics, including means and standard deviations for continuous variables and frequency and percentages for categorical variables, were used to summarize survey responses. Regression analysis was utilized to identify factors associated with various mental health indicators (anxiety, depression, fear of COVID-19, suicidality). The Patient Health Questionnaire-4, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and item 9 (suicidality item) from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were used to assess the mental health indicators.Results: A total of 434 men completed the study. Most respondents (79.3%; N = 344) indicated that their mental health was negatively affected by COVID-19, and two-thirds (65.5%; N = 284) conveyed that government-imposed physical distancing measures had negatively affected their mental health. Half the sample (51.2%; N = 222) reported at least moderate financial stress due to COVID-19. Nearly a third of respondents (31.1%; N = 135) reported that their current living situation has had a considerable or severe negative impact on their mental health since COVID-19. About two-fifths (37.7%; N = 94) of men felt that COVID-19 has had a negative impact on their relationship with their intimate partner. Nearly a third of respondents who were in a relationship (30.9%; N = 77) reported that they engaged in some type of abuse (primarily verbal abuse, 22.9%; N = 57) toward their intimate partner during COVID-19, and more than a quarter (27.3%; N = 68) reported being abused by their intimate partner (also primarily verbal abuse, 22.5%; N = 56). Just under half (42.2%; N = 183) of the respondents indicated experiencing suicidal ideation.Conclusion: These findings can help inform providers of health services to Canadian men, as well as policies that will be implemented during subsequent waves of COVID-19 or during future infectious outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Ogrodniczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Simon M Rice
- Orygen, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Kealy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zac E Seidler
- Orygen, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mahin Delara
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - John L Oliffe
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Australia
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20
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Potential and demonstrated impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexually transmissible infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2021; 34:56-61. [PMID: 33315752 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review considers the potential and demonstrated impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on the sexually transmissible infection (STI)/HIV transmission. RECENT FINDINGS COVID-19 increases the vulnerability of those at highest risk of acquiring STI/HIV. Altered health-seeking behaviour, reductions in STI/HIV clinic capacity, service disruptions and redeployment of human resources to assist COVID-19 control efforts have impacted on STI/HIV control programmes. Reports of reduced STI incidence are emerging, but it is hard to determine whether this is real or due to decreased testing during COVID-19 lockdown periods. Fear of COVID-19 and implemented control measures have altered STI/HIV transmission dynamics. Sexual health services adapted to the pandemic by reducing face-to-face patient encounters in favour of telehealth and mail-based initiatives as well as more stringent triage practice. Many sexual health and HIV treatment services now operate at reduced capacity and experience ongoing service disruptions, which necessarily translates into poorer outcomes for patients and their communities. SUMMARY In the short-term, COVID-19 related sexual behaviour change is driving STI/HIV transmission downwards. However, the impacts of the global COVID-19 response on sexual health-seeking behaviour and STI/HIV services threaten to drive STI/HIV transmission upwards. Ultimately, the expected rebound in STI/HIV incidence will require an appropriate and timely public health response. VIDEO ABSTRACT http://links.lww.com/COID/A31.
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21
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Abstract
Objectives To study the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on cognitions and emotions felt during sexual intercourse by analyzing the responses of 1079 French-speaking subjects (338 men, 741 women, median age: 31 years) who participated in an online survey between April 27 and May 11, 2020. Method Negative sexual cognitions (NSC), positive sexual emotions (PSE) and negative sexual emotions (NSE) are assessed using a tool inspired by the Sexual Mode Questionnaire. Data are crossed with sociodemographic indicators, information on lockdown modalities, indices on sex life, information on psychological functioning and sexual satisfaction. Main results One third of the participants saw a decrease in the frequency of their sexual activities or in their sexual satisfaction. Changes in NSCs were found in 74.4% of subjects (increase: 38.4%; decrease: 36%). Emotional changes are found in between 50.7% (NSC: increase: 20.2%; decrease: 30.5%) and 60.9% (PSE: increase: 24.6%; decrease: 36.3%) of participants. The effect of lockdown on NSC, NSE, and PSE depends on gender at birth, intensity of depressive symptoms, and attachment styles. Women appear to be more vulnerable to lockdown than men. Insecure or depressed subjects also appear more vulnerable. The lockdown impact also depends on changes in the frequency of physical/digital intercourse during lockdown and the modalities of confinement. Changes in NSC, NSE, and PSE had a significant effect on sexual satisfaction during lockdown. Conclusion The lockdown impact on sexual emotions and cognitions is non-negligible and greater than the impact on sexual behaviors. Whether it is positive or negative, it asks about the post-confinement repercussions: what becomes of a positive impact with deconfinement? Will the negative impacts be one-off or will vulnerabilities be expressed over the long-term?
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22
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Gondwal R, Pal A, Paul S, Bohra R, Aulakh APS, Bhat A. Sexual Behavior During the Times of COVID-19-Related Lockdown in India: Results From an Online Survey. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSEXUAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2631831820971900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is the worst health emergency the world has seen in the last 100 years. It has adversely affected human life both directly and indirectly. The pandemic has led various countries to opt for lockdown to control the outbreak. India had also enforced lockdown in the country from 25 March 2020 in various phases. Lay reports have been speculative about the effects of this lockdown on the sexual practices of people. Method: The current study was a cross-sectional, online study performed to evaluate change in sexual behavior during the period of lockdown using a structured pro forma that studied the sociodemographic parameters, Arizona sexual experience scale, and sexual behavior of respondents before and during the lockdown. Result: Overall, 290 respondents were analyzed. Our research showed that there has been a decrease in the practice of vaginal sex during the lockdown but, the practice of anal sex increased among respondents who preferred it. Sexual experiences were better in respondents who were females, married, and working in essential services. Conclusion: The effect of lockdown on sexual behavior has been extensive, with couples adopting newer activities in their repertoire. The lockdown has also affected sexual behavior by its indirect effect on family life like increased time spent together within the boundaries of walls, direct or indirect financial loss, and lack of recreational options. There is a considerable amount of heterogeneity in the studies in this field and more studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Gondwal
- Department of Psychiatry, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arghya Pal
- Department of Psychiatry, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sayanti Paul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Richarani Bohra
- Department of Health, Government of Uttarakhand, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arvinder Pal Singh Aulakh
- Department of Psychiatry, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ashwani Bhat
- Department of Neurology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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