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Zhou XZ, Huang P, Wu YK, Yu JB, Sun J. Autophagy in benign prostatic hyperplasia: insights and therapeutic potential. BMC Urol 2024; 24:198. [PMID: 39261818 PMCID: PMC11391623 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-024-01585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular homeostatic mechanism characterized by cyclic degradation. It plays an essential role in maintaining cellular quality and survival by eliminating dysfunctional cellular components. This process is pivotal in various pathophysiological processes. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common urological disorder in middle-aged and elderly men. It frequently presents as lower urinary tract symptoms due to an increase in epithelial and stromal cells surrounding the prostatic urethra. The precise pathogenesis of BPH is complex. In recent years, research on autophagy in BPH has gained significant momentum, with accumulating evidence indicating its crucial role in the onset and progression of the disease. This review aims to outline the various roles of autophagy in BPH and elucidate potential therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy for managing BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Zhao Zhou
- Department of Andrology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Department of Andrology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, China
| | - Yao-Kan Wu
- Department of Andrology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, China
| | - Jin-Ben Yu
- Department of Andrology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Andrology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, China.
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2
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Che L, Li D, Wang J, Tuo Z, Yoo KH, Feng D, Ou Y, Wu R, Wei W. Identification of circadian clock-related immunological prognostic index and molecular subtypes in prostate cancer. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:429. [PMID: 39259370 PMCID: PMC11391008 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that the circadian clock (CIC) is among the important factors for tumorigenesis. We aimed to provide new insights into CIC-mediated molecular subtypes and gene prognostic indexes for prostate cancer (PCa) patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) or radical radiotherapy (RT). METHODS PCa data from TCGA was analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with significant fold changes and p-values. A prognostic index called CIC-related gene prognostic index (CICGPI) was developed through clustering methods and survival analysis and validated on multiple data sets. The diagnostic accuracy of CICGPI for resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy was confirmed. Additionally, the interaction between tumor immune environment and CICGPI score was explored, along with their correlation with prognosis. RESULTS TOP2A, APOE, and ALDH2 were used to classify the PCa patients into two subtypes. Cluster 2 had a higher risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) than cluster 1 for PCa patients undergoing RP or RT. A CIC-related gene prognostic index (CICGPI) was constructed using the above three genes for PCa patents in the TCGA database. The CICGPI score showed good prognostic value in the TCGA database and was externally confirmed by PCa patients in GSE116918, MSKCC2010 and GSE46602. In addition, the CICGPI score had a certain and high diagnostic accuracy for tumor chemoresistance (AUC: 0.781) and radioresistance (AUC: 0.988). For gene set variation analysis, we observed that both beta alanine metabolism and limonene and pinene degradation were upregulated in cluster 1 for PCa patients undergoing RP or RT. For PCa patients undergoing RP, cell cycle, homologous recombination, mismatch repair, and DNA replication were upregulated in cluster 2. A strongly positive relationship between cancer-related fibroblasts and CICGPI score was observed in PCa patients undergoing RP or RT. Moreover, a high density of CAFs was highly closely associated with poorer BCR-free survival of PCa patients. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we established CIC-related immunological prognostic index and molecular subtypes, which might be useful for the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Che
- Operating Room, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dengxiong Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhouting Tuo
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Koo Han Yoo
- Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dechao Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, W1W 7TS, UK.
| | - Yun Ou
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Ruicheng Wu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Wuran Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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3
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Ma L, Yu J, Fu Y, He X, Ge S, Jia R, Zhuang A, Yang Z, Fan X. The dual role of cellular senescence in human tumor progression and therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e695. [PMID: 39161800 PMCID: PMC11331035 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence, one of the hallmarks of cancer, is characterized by cell cycle arrest and the loss of most normal cellular functions while acquiring a hypersecretory, proinflammatory phenotype. The function of senescent cells in cancer cells varies depending on the cellular conditions. Before the occurrence of cancer, senescent cells act as a barrier to prevent its development. But once cancer has occurred, senescent cells play a procancer role. However, few of the current studies have adequately explained the diversity of cellular senescence across cancers. Herein, we concluded the latest intrinsic mechanisms of cellular senescence in detail and emphasized the senescence-associated secretory phenotype as a key contributor to heterogeneity of senescent cells in tumor. We also discussed five kinds of inducers of cellular senescence and the advancement of senolytics in cancer, which are drugs that tend to clear senescent cells. Finally, we summarized the various effects of senescent cells in different cancers and manifested that their functions may be diametrically opposed under different circumstances. In short, this paper contributes to the understanding of the diversity of cellular senescence in cancers and provides novel insight for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Department of OphthalmologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of OphthalmologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiChina
| | - Yidian Fu
- Department of OphthalmologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoyu He
- Department of OphthalmologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiChina
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of OphthalmologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiChina
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of OphthalmologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiChina
| | - Ai Zhuang
- Department of OphthalmologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiChina
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of OphthalmologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiChina
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of OphthalmologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiChina
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Olascoaga S, Castañeda-Sánchez JI, Königsberg M, Gutierrez H, López-Diazguerrero NE. Oxidative stress-induced gene expression changes in prostate epithelial cells in vitro reveal a robust signature of normal prostatic senescence and aging. Biogerontology 2024:10.1007/s10522-024-10126-6. [PMID: 39162979 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-024-10126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has long been postulated to play an essential role in aging mechanisms, and numerous forms of molecular damage associated with oxidative stress have been well documented. However, the extent to which changes in gene expression in direct response to oxidative stress are related to actual cellular aging, senescence, and age-related functional decline remains unclear. Here, we ask whether H2O2-induced oxidative stress and resulting gene expression alterations in prostate epithelial cells in vitro reveal gene regulatory changes typically observed in naturally aging prostate tissue and age-related prostate disease. While a broad range of significant changes observed in the expression of non-coding transcripts implicated in senescence-related responses, we also note an overrepresentation of gene-splicing events among differentially expressed protein-coding genes induced by H2O2. Additionally, the collective expression of these H2O2-induced DEGs is linked to age-related pathological dysfunction, with their protein products exhibiting a dense network of protein-protein interactions. In contrast, co-expression analysis of available gene expression data reveals a naturally occurring highly coordinated expression of H2O2-induced DEGs in normally aging prostate tissue. Furthermore, we find that oxidative stress-induced DEGs statistically overrepresent well-known senescence-related signatures. Our results show that oxidative stress-induced gene expression in prostate epithelial cells in vitro reveals gene regulatory changes typically observed in naturally aging prostate tissue and age-related prostate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samael Olascoaga
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge I Castañeda-Sánchez
- División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco (UAM-X), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mina Königsberg
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Norma Edith López-Diazguerrero
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City, Mexico.
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5
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Yang J, Xu Z, Zheng W, Li Y, Wei Q, Yang L. Identification of the cytoplasmic DNA-Sensing cGAS-STING pathway-mediated gene signatures and molecular subtypes in prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:732. [PMID: 38877472 PMCID: PMC11179326 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the age relevance of prostate cancer (PCa) and the involvement of the cGAS-STING pathway in aging and cancer, we aim to classify PCa into distinct molecular subtypes and identify key genes from the novel perspective of the cGAS-STING pathway. It is of significance to guide personalized intervention of cancer-targeting therapy based on genetic evidence. METHODS The 430 patients with PCa from the TCGA database were included. We integrated 29 key genes involved in cGAS-STING pathway and analyzed differentially expressed genes and biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival-related genes. The assessments of tumor stemness and heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment (TME) were conducted to reveal potential mechanisms. RESULTS PCa patients were classified into two distinct subtypes using AURKB, TREX1, and STAT6, and subtype 1 had a worse prognosis than subtype 2 (HR: 21.19, p < 0.001). The findings were validated in the MSKCC2010 cohort. Among subtype 1 and subtype 2, the top ten mutation genes were MUC5B, DNAH9, SLC5A10, ZNF462, USP31, SIPA1L3, PLEC, HRAS, MYOM1, and ITGB6. Gene set variation analysis revealed a high enrichment of the E2F target in subtype 1, and gene set enrichment analysis showed significant enrichment of base excision repair, cell cycle, and DNA replication in subtype 1. TME evaluation indicated that subtype 1 had a significantly higher level of T cells follicular helper and a lower level of plasma cells than subtype 2. CONCLUSIONS The molecular subtypes mediated by the cGAS-STING pathway and the genetic risk score may aid in identifying potentially high-risk PCa patients who may benefit from pharmacologic therapies targeting the cGAS-STING pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihan Xu
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weitao Zheng
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
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6
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Mori JO, Elhussin I, Brennen WN, Graham MK, Lotan TL, Yates CC, De Marzo AM, Denmeade SR, Yegnasubramanian S, Nelson WG, Denis GV, Platz EA, Meeker AK, Heaphy CM. Prognostic and therapeutic potential of senescent stromal fibroblasts in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2024; 21:258-273. [PMID: 37907729 PMCID: PMC11058122 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00827-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The stromal component of the tumour microenvironment in primary and metastatic prostate cancer can influence and promote disease progression. Within the prostatic stroma, fibroblasts are one of the most prevalent cell types associated with precancerous and cancerous lesions; they have a vital role in the structural composition, organization and integrity of the extracellular matrix. Fibroblasts within the tumour microenvironment can undergo cellular senescence, which is a stable arrest of cell growth and a phenomenon that is emerging as a recognized hallmark of cancer. Supporting the idea that cellular senescence has a pro-tumorigenic role, a subset of senescent cells exhibits a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which, along with increased inflammation, can promote prostate cancer cell growth and survival. These cellular characteristics make targeting senescent cells and/or modulating SASP attractive as a potential preventive or therapeutic option for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakin O Mori
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isra Elhussin
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W Nathaniel Brennen
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mindy K Graham
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tamara L Lotan
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clayton C Yates
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samuel R Denmeade
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William G Nelson
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gerald V Denis
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan K Meeker
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher M Heaphy
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Li J, Li Y, Zhou L, Li C, Liu J, Liu D, Fu Y, Wang Y, Tang J, Zhou L, Tan S, Wang L. The human microbiome and benign prostatic hyperplasia: Current understandings and clinical implications. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127596. [PMID: 38215640 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The research of the human microbiome in the preceding decade has yielded novel perspectives on human health and diseases. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease in middle-aged and elderly males, which negatively affects the life quality. Existing evidence has indicated that the human microbiome, including urinary, intra-prostate, gut, oral and blood microbiome may exert a significant impact on the natural progression of BPH. The dysbiosis of the microbiome may induce inflammation at either a local or systemic level, thereby affecting the BPH. Moreover, metabolic syndrome (MetS) caused by the microbiome can also be involved in the development of BPH. Additionally, alterations in the microbiome composition during the senility process may serve as another cause of the BPH. Here, we summarize the influence of human microbiome on BPH and explore how the microbiome is linked to BPH through inflammation, MetS, and senility. In addition, we propose promising areas of investigation and discuss the implications for advancing therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaren Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Youyou Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Dingwen Liu
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yunlong Fu
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yichuan Wang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jin Tang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Shuo Tan
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
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Khalid M, Khan MM, Jalily QA, Mummareddi DE, Sirangi S, Dande SNA. A hospital-based study of prostate biopsy results in Indian males. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:984-989. [PMID: 38736835 PMCID: PMC11086797 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1339_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prostate is a gland belonging to the male reproductive system. Aging results in the dysfunction of the prostate that may present as inflammation, enlargement, and cancer. Additionally, the diseases of the prostate including cancers are slow in progression, and therefore, it is difficult to diagnose them early. Hence, it is increasingly important for physicians to recommend histopathological examination of the prostate gland to identify, manage, and treat prostate cancers. This study was conducted to assess prostate diseases among biopsy specimen collected from patients with signs of prostate diseases. Materials and Methods This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Owaisi Hospital, Hyderabad, between June 2012 and September 2014. All gross specimens (n = 300) of the prostate such as the needle biopsies of the prostate, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) chips, and excised specimens of the prostate were included in the study. Histopathological examinations of the biopsies were performed for nuclear size, chromatin material, nucleoli, membrane thickness, irregularity, cytoplasmic granularity, staining, and cell border conspicuity. The biopsies were also assessed for lobule formation, secretions, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages, connective tissue stromal cells, their arrangements, and acellular connective tissue material. Results Of 300 total prostatic biopsies performed, 56 (18.66%) were identified as inflammatory lesions of the prostate (prostatitis), 98 (32.66%) revealed benign prostatic lesions (benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)), 112 (37.33%) were identified as BPH with premalignant lesions, and 34 (11.33%) were revealed as malignant tumors of the prostate. Chronic prostatitis (67.85%) was the common inflammatory lesion. The majority (91.42%) revealed epithelial lesions compared to stromal lesions (08.58%). BPH was predominantly (28.00%) noticed among patients in the age group of 61-70 years. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) was observed majorly (53.35%) in the age group of 61-70 years. Most of the prostatic cancers were identified as adenocarcinomas. However, three variants were also categorized as small cell carcinoma, signet ring cell carcinoma, and transitional cell carcinomas. Conclusions The results reveal that prostatic adenocarcinomas are predominant among the study population. Additionally, prostatic diseases including cancer are commonly noticed among people belonging to the age group of 61-70 years. More than one-third of patients showed BPH with premalignant lesions, and a majority of the study population showed evidence of chronic prostatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Khalid
- Department of Pathology, Apollo DRDO Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - M. Mustafa Khan
- Department of Pathology, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Qader Ahmed Jalily
- Department of Microbiology, Mahavir Institute of Medical Sciences, Vikarabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Saritha Sirangi
- Department of Microbiology, Mahavir Institute of Medical Sciences, Vikarabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sri N.S. Avinash Dande
- Department of Pathology, Mahavir Institute of Medical Sciences, Vikarabad, Telangana, India
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9
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Wu F, Ning H, Sun Y, Wu H, Lyu J. Integrative exploration of the mutual gene signatures and immune microenvironment between benign prostate hyperplasia and castration-resistant prostate cancer. Aging Male 2023; 26:2183947. [PMID: 36974949 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2023.2183947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (CaP) are among the most frequently occurring prostatic diseases. When CaP progressed to castration-resistant CaP (CRPC), the prognosis is poor. Although CaP/CRPC and BPH frequently coexist in prostate, the inter-relational mechanism between them is largely unknown. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing, bulk-RNA sequencing, and microarray data of BPH, CaP in the Gene Expression Omnibus database were obtained and comprehensively analyzed. Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and lasso regression analysis were performed to explore the potential biomarkers. RESULTS With WGCNA, five modules in BPH, two in CaP, and three in CRPC were identified as significant modules. Pathway enrichment analysis found that the epigenetics and chromosomal-related signaling were dominantly clustered in the CaP group but not in BPH and CRPC. Lasso regression analysis was used to analyze further the mutual genes between the BPH module and the CRPC module. As a result, DDA1, ERG28, OGFOD1, and OXA1L were significantly correlated with the transcriptomic features in both BPH and CRPC. More importantly, the role of the four gene signatures was validated in two independent anti-PD-1 immunotherapy cohort. CONCLUSION This study revealed the shared gene signatures and immune microenvironment between BPH and CRPC. The identified hub genes, including DDA1, ERG28, OGFOD1, and OXA1L, might be potential therapeutic targets for facilitating immunotherapy in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Ning
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihu Wu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaju Lyu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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10
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Li Y, Zhou Y, Liu D, Wang Z, Qiu J, Zhang J, Chen P, Zeng G, Guo Y, Wang X, DiSanto ME, Zhang X. Glutathione Peroxidase 3 induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis via AMPK /ERK1/2 pathway and resisted autophagy-related ferroptosis via AMPK/mTOR pathway in hyperplastic prostate. J Transl Med 2023; 21:575. [PMID: 37633909 PMCID: PMC10463608 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease in elderly men, mainly resulted from an imbalance between cell proliferation and death. Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) was one of the differentially expressed genes in BPH identified by transcriptome sequencing of 5 hyperplastic and 3 normal prostate specimens, which had not been elucidated in the prostate. This study aimed to ascertain the mechanism of GPX3 involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy and ferroptosis in BPH. METHODS Human prostate tissues, GPX3 silencing and overexpression prostate cell (BPH-1 and WPMY-1) models and testosterone-induced rat BPH (T-BPH) model were utilized. The qRT-PCR, CCK8 assay, flow cytometry, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, hematoxylin and eosin, masson's trichrome, immunohistochemical staining and transmission electron microscopy analysis were performed during in vivo and in vitro experiments. RESULTS Our study indicated that GPX3 was localized both in the stroma and epithelium of prostate, and down-regulated in BPH samples. Overexpression of GPX3 inhibited AMPK and activated ERK1/2 pathway, thereby inducing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and G0/G1 phase arrest, which could be significantly reversed by MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 preconditioning. Moreover, overexpression of GPX3 further exerted anti-autophagy by inhibiting AMPK/m-TOR and up-regulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4, mitochondrial GPX4 and cytoplasmic GPX4) to antagonize autophagy-related ferroptosis. Consistently, GPX3 deficiency generated opposite changes in both cell lines. Finally, T-BPH rat model was treated with GPX3 indirect agonist troglitazone (TRO) or GPX4 inhibitor RAS-selective lethal 3 (RSL3) or TRO plus RSL3. These treatments produced significant atrophy of the prostate and related molecular changes were similar to our in vitro observations. CONCLUSIONS Our novel data manifested that GPX3, which was capable of inducing apoptosis via AMPK/ERK1/2 pathway and antagonizing autophagy-related ferroptosis through AMPK/m-TOR signalling, was a promising therapeutic target for BPH in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongying Zhou
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoquan Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jizhang Qiu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Zeng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael E DiSanto
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Feng D, Wang J, Li D, Wu R, Wei W, Zhang C. Senescence-associated secretory phenotype constructed detrimental and beneficial subtypes and prognostic index for prostate cancer patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:155. [PMID: 37624511 PMCID: PMC10457268 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00777-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular senescence is growing in popularity in cancer. A dual function is played by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that senescent cells produce in the development of pro-inflammatory niches, tissue regeneration or destruction, senescence propagation, and malignant transformation. In this study, we conducted thorough bioinformatic analysis and meta-analysis to discover detrimental and beneficial subtypes and prognostic index for prostate cancer (PCa) patients using the experimentally confirmed SASP genes. METHODS We identified differentially expressed and prognosis-related SASP genes and used them to construct two molecular subtypes and risk score. Another two external cohorts were used to confirm the prognostic effect of the above subtypes and risk score and meta-analysis was further conducted. Additionally, functional analysis, tumor stemness and heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment were also evaluated. We completed analyses using software R 3.6.3 and its suitable packages. Meta-analysis was performed by software Stata 14.0. RESULTS Through multivariate Cox regression analysis and consensus clustering analysis, we used VGF, IGFBP3 and ANG to establish detrimental and beneficial subtypes in the TCGA cohort, which was validated through other two independent cohorts. Meta-analysis showed that detrimental SASP group had significantly higher risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) than beneficial SASP group (HR: 2.48). Moreover, we also constructed and validated risk score based on these genes to better guide clinical practice. DNA repair, MYC target, oxidative phosphorylation, proteasome and ribosome were highly enriched in detrimental SASP group. Detrimental SASP group had significantly higher levels of B cells, CD8+ T cells, homologous recombination deficiency, loss of heterozygosity, microsatellite instability, purity, tumor mutation burden, mRNAsi, differentially methylated probes and epigenetically regulated RNA expression than beneficial SASP group. The top mutation genes between detrimental and beneficial SASP groups were SPOP, FOXA1, KMT2C, APC, BSN, DNAH17, MYH6, EPPK1, ZNF536 and ZC3H13 with statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS From perspective of SASP, we found detrimental and beneficial tumor subtypes which were closely associated with BCR-free survival for PCa patients, which might be important for the furture research in the field of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dengxiong Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ruicheng Wu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wuran Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Chen G, Feng L. Analysis of platelet and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio and diabetes mellitus with benign prostatic enlargement. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166265. [PMID: 37492582 PMCID: PMC10363740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is still elusive. The aim of this study was to provide preventive and prognostic parameters associated with diabetes mellitus with benign prostatic enlargement (BPE). Methods Diabetic patients were collected retrospectively from February 2021 to December 2022, including monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR). Diabetic patients were divided into two groups by whether the prostate volume was greater than or equal to 30 ml, which were diabetes mellitus without BPE (DM) and diabetes mellitus with BPE (DM+BPE). The baseline characteristics were compared, the risk and protective factors associated with DM+BPE were determined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression, and the parameters associated with prostate volume were determined using correlation analysis. Results Of the 671 patients collected, age and prostate volume were significantly higher in the DM+BPE than in the DM; MLR was higher in the DM+BPE than in the DM; and platelet was significantly lower in the DM+BPE than in the DM. Univariate logistic regression showed that age was a risk factor, while protective factors for DM+BPE were lymphocytes and platelet. Multifactorial logistic regression showed that age was a risk factor, while platelet was the protective factor for DM+BPE. In the total overall (n=671), prostate volume was positively correlated with age. Prostate volume was negatively correlated with lymphocytes and platelet. In DM+BPE (n=142), prostate volume was positively correlated with age and MLR. Conclusion Platelet was a protective factor for DM+BPE and was negatively correlated with prostate volume, whereas MLR was positively correlated with prostate volume in DM+BPE.
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Li ZC, An F. ERBB2-PTGS2 axis promotes intervertebral disc degeneration by regulating senescence of nucleus pulposus cells. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:504. [PMID: 37340393 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is considered one of the main causes of low back pain and lumbar disc herniation. Various studies have shown that disc cell senescence plays a critical role in this process. however, its role in IDD is yet unclear. In this study, we explored the role of senescence-related genes (SR-DEGs) and its underlying mechanism in IDD. A total of 1325 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database GSE41883. 30 SR-DEGs were identified for further functional enrichment and pathway analysis, and two hub SR-DEGs (ERBB2 and PTGS2) were selected to construct transcription factor (TF)-gene interaction and TF-miRNA coregulatory networks, and 10 candidate drugs were screened for the treatment of IDD. Last but not least, in vitro experiments show that ERBB2 expression decreased and PTGS2 expression increased in human nucleus pulposus (NP) cell senescence model treated with TNF-α. After lentivirus-mediated overexpression of ERBB2, the expression of PTGS2 decreased and the senescence level of NP cells decreased. Overexpression of PTGS2 reversed the anti-senescence effects of ERBB2. The findings in this study suggested that ERBB2 overexpression further reduced NP cell senescence by inhibiting PTGS2 levels, which ultimately alleviated IDD. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the roles of senescence-related genes in IDD and highlight a novel target of ERBB2-PTGS2 axis for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Cheng Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Fu An
- Department of Spine Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China.
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14
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Feng D, Zhu W, Shi X, Wang Z, Wei W, Wei Q, Yang L, Han P. Immune-related gene index predicts metastasis for prostate cancer patients undergoing radical radiotherapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:8. [PMID: 36635777 PMCID: PMC9835256 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we established a novel immunologic gene prognostic index (IGPI) to predict metastasis and provided new insights into tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) for PCa patients receiving radical radiotherapy. GBP2 and IGF1 were independent factors associated with metastasis-free survival. IGPI score was calculated based on GBP2 and IGF1 and this score was an independent risk factor for PCa patients undergoing radical radiotherapy. Patients with higher IGPI score were at higher risk of metastasis and biochemical recurrence, which were externally validated in the TCGA database and other GEO datasets. IGPI score had demonstrated moderate diagnostic ability of radiation resistance (AUC: 0.889). This score increased with the augment of Gleason score and T stage, as well as biochemical recurrence. Using EPIC, ESTIMATE and immunophenoscore (IPS) algorithms, cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), macrophages, stromal score, and estimate score were significantly higher in patients with metastasis group compared to their counterpart. Besides, for CAFs, macrophages, stromal score, and estimate score, patients with higher scores were at higher risk of metastasis, and the HRs were 3.65, 4.01, 4.27, and 3.78, respectively. IGPI score was highly positively associated with stromal score (coefficient: 0.39), immune score (coefficient: 0.43), estimate score (coefficient: 0.45), CAFs (coefficient: 0.42) and macrophages (coefficient: 0.42), while showing the opposite relationship with tumor purity (coefficient: - 0.45). In conclusion, we found that IGPI based on GBP2 and IGF1 might serve as a biomarker predicting metastasis for PCa patients. Besides, the current data further highlight the importance of CAFs in the metastatic process of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Feng
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Weizhen Zhu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Shi
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Wuran Wei
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wei
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Yang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Han
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
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15
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Kallenbach J, Atri Roozbahani G, Heidari Horestani M, Baniahmad A. Distinct mechanisms mediating therapy-induced cellular senescence in prostate cancer. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:200. [PMID: 36522745 PMCID: PMC9753376 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00941-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is an age-related malignancy in men with a high incidence rate. PCa treatments face many obstacles due to cancer cell resistance and many bypassing mechanisms to escape therapy. According to the intricacy of PCa, many standard therapies are being used depending on PCa stages including radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, androgen receptor (AR) targeted therapy (androgen deprivation therapy, supraphysiological androgen, and AR antagonists) and chemotherapy. Most of the aforementioned therapies have been implicated to induce cellular senescence. Cellular senescence is defined as a stable cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and is one of the mechanisms that prevent cancer proliferation. RESULTS In this review, we provide and analyze different mechanisms of therapy-induced senescence (TIS) in PCa and their effects on the tumor. Interestingly, it seems that different molecular pathways are used by cancer cells for TIS. Understanding the complexity and underlying mechanisms of cellular senescence is very critical due to its role in tumorigenesis. The most prevalent analyzed pathways in PCa as TIS are the p53/p21WAF1/CIP1, the p15INK4B/p16INK4A/pRb/E2F/Cyclin D, the ROS/ERK, p27Kip1/CDK/pRb, and the p27Kip1/Skp2/C/EBP β signaling. Despite growth inhibition, senescent cells are highly metabolically active. In addition, their secretome, which is termed senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), affects within the tumor microenvironment neighboring non-tumor and tumor cells and thereby may regulate the growth of tumors. Induction of cancer cell senescence is therefore a double-edged sword that can lead to reduced or enhanced tumor growth. CONCLUSION Thus, dependent on the type of senescence inducer and the specific senescence-induced cellular pathway, it is useful to develop pathway-specific senolytic compounds to specifically targeting senescent cells in order to evict senescent cells and thereby to reduce SASP side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kallenbach
- grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Am Klinikum 1, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Golnaz Atri Roozbahani
- grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Am Klinikum 1, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Mehdi Heidari Horestani
- grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Am Klinikum 1, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Am Klinikum 1, 07740 Jena, Germany
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16
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Abstract
Due to late onset hypogonadism (LOH), there is an increased usage of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in the aging male population. Since prostate is a target organ for androgens and anti-androgenic strategies are used to treat and palliate benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PC), the prevalence of both increases with age, the possible influence of TRT on prostate health becomes highly relevant. The present review summarizes existing data on the associations between endogenous hormone concentrations and prostate growth and concludes that circulating concentrations of androgens do not appear to be associated with the risks of development of BPH or initiation or progression of PC. The explanation for these findings relates to an apparent insensitivity of prostatic tissue to changes of testosterone concentrations within the physiological range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Welén
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan-Erik Damber
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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17
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Phloretin in Benign Prostate Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer: A Contemporary Systematic Review. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12071029. [PMID: 35888117 PMCID: PMC9322491 DOI: 10.3390/life12071029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, medication for benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) are mainly based on modulating the hormone and nervous systems. However, side effects often affect patients, and might decrease their commitment to continuing the medication and lower their quality of life. Some studies have indicated that chronic inflammation might be the cause of BPH and PCa. Based on this hypothesis, the effect of phloretin, a potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative flavonoid, has been researched since 2010. Results from animal and in-vitro studies, obtained from databases, also indicate that the use of phloretin in treating BPH and PCa is promising. Due to its effect on inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis or anti-apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, anti-oxidant enzymes and oxidative stress, phloretin is worthy of further study in human clinical trials regarding safety and effective dosages.
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18
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Feng D, Li D, Shi X, Xiong Q, Zhang F, Wei Q, Yang L. A gene prognostic index from cellular senescence predicting metastasis and radioresistance for prostate cancer. J Transl Med 2022; 20:252. [PMID: 35658892 PMCID: PMC9164540 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Senescent cells have been identified in the aging prostate, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype might be linked to prostate cancer (PCa). Thus, we established a cellular senescence-related gene prognostic index (CSGPI) to predict metastasis and radioresistance in PCa. Methods We used Lasso and Cox regression analysis to establish the CSGPI. Clinical correlation, external validation, functional enrichment analysis, drug and cell line analysis, and tumor immune environment analysis were conducted. All analyses were conducted with R version 3.6.3 and its suitable packages. Results We used ALCAM and ALDH2 to establish the CSGPI risk score. High-risk patients experienced a higher risk of metastasis than their counterparts (HR: 10.37, 95% CI 4.50–23.93, p < 0.001), consistent with the results in the TCGA database (HR: 1.60, 95% CI 1.03–2.47, p = 0.038). Furthermore, CSGPI had high diagnostic accuracy distinguishing radioresistance from no radioresistance (AUC: 0.938, 95% CI 0.834–1.000). GSEA showed that high-risk patients were highly associated with apoptosis, cell cycle, ribosome, base excision repair, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and mismatch repair. For immune checkpoint analysis, we found that PDCD1LG2 and CD226 were expressed at significantly higher levels in patients with metastasis than in those without metastasis. In addition, higher expression of CD226 significantly increased the risk of metastasis (HR: 3.65, 95% CI 1.58–8.42, p = 0.006). We observed that AZD7762, PHA-793887, PI-103, and SNX-2112 might be sensitive to ALDH2 and ALCAM, and PC3 could be the potential cell line used to investigate the interaction among ALDH2, ALCAM, and the above drugs. Conclusions We found that CSGPI might serve as an effective biomarker predicting metastasis probability and radioresistance for PCa and proposed that immune evasion was involved in the process of PCa metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengxiong Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Shi
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Xiong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Facai Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Zhu W, Feng D, Shi X, Wei Q, Yang L. The Potential Role of Mitochondrial Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 in Urological Cancers From the Perspective of Ferroptosis and Cellular Senescence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:850145. [PMID: 35517510 PMCID: PMC9065557 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.850145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superlative lipid peroxidation promote tumorigenesis, and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is associated with the detoxification of ROS-mediated lipid peroxidation-generated reactive aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), malondialdehyde, and acrolein due to tobacco smoking. ALDH2 has been demonstrated to be highly associated with the prognosis and chemoradiotherapy sensitivity of many types of cancer, including leukemia, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, esophageal cancer, hepatocellular cancer, pancreatic cancer, and ovarian cancer. In this study, we explored the possible relationship between ALDH2 and urological cancers from the aspects of ferroptosis, epigenetic alterations, proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiang Wei
- *Correspondence: Qiang Wei, ; Lu Yang,
| | - Lu Yang
- *Correspondence: Qiang Wei, ; Lu Yang,
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Feng D, Shi X, Xiong Q, Zhang F, Li D, Wei W, Yang L. A Ferroptosis-Related Gene Prognostic Index Associated With Biochemical Recurrence and Radiation Resistance for Patients With Prostate Cancer Undergoing Radical Radiotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:803766. [PMID: 35223835 PMCID: PMC8867172 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.803766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death which has been reported to be involved in the development of various cancers. In this study, we attempted to explore the possible links between ferroptosis and prostate cancer (PCa), and a novel ferroptosis-related gene prognostic index (FGPI) was constructed to predict biochemical recurrence (BCR) and radiation resistance for PCa patients undergoing radical radiotherapy (RRT). Moreover, the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) of PCa was analyzed. Methods: We merged four GEO datasets by removing batch effects. All analyses were conducted with R version 3.6.3 and its suitable packages. Cytoscape 3.8.2 was used to establish a network of transcriptional factor and competing endogenous RNA. Results: We established the FGPI based on ACSL3 and EPAS1. We observed that FGPI was an independent risk factor of BCR for PCa patients (HR: 3.03; 95% CI: 1.68–5.48), consistent with the result of internal validation (HR: 3.44; 95% CI: 1.68–7.05). Furthermore, FGPI showed high ability to identify radiation resistance (AUC: 0.963; 95% CI: 0.882–1.00). LncRNA PART1 was significantly associated with BCR and might modulate the mRNA expression of EPAS1 and ACSL3 through interactions with 60 miRNAs. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that FGPI was enriched in epithelial–mesenchymal transition, allograft rejection, TGF beta signaling pathway, and ECM receptor interaction. Immune checkpoint and m6A analyses showed that PD-L2, CD96, and METTL14 were differentially expressed between BCR and no BCR groups, among which CD96 was significantly associated with BCR-free survival (HR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.06–3.03). We observed that cancer-related fibroblasts (CAFs), macrophages, stromal score, immune score, estimate score, and tumor purity were differentially expressed between BCR and no BCR groups and closely related to BCR-free survival (HRs were 2.17, 1.79, 2.20, 1.93, 1.92, and 0.52 for cancer-related fibroblasts, macrophages, stromal score, immune score, estimate score, and tumor purity, respectively). Moreover, cancer-related fibroblasts (coefficient: 0.20), stromal score (coefficient: 0.14), immune score (coefficient: 0.14), estimate score (coefficient: 0.15), and tumor purity (coefficient: −0.15) were significantly related to FGPI, among which higher positive correlation between cancer-related fibroblasts and FGPI was observed. Conclusion: We found that FGPI based on ACSL3 and EPAS1 might be used to predict BCR and radiation resistance for PCa patients. CD96 and PD-L2 might be a possible target for drug action. Besides, we highlighted the importance of immune evasion in the process of BCR.
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da Silveira WA, Renaud L, Hazard ES, Hardiman G. miRNA and lncRNA Expression Networks Modulate Cell Cycle and DNA Repair Inhibition in Senescent Prostate Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020208. [PMID: 35205253 PMCID: PMC8872619 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of permanent growth arrest that arises once cells reach the limit of their proliferative capacity. It creates an inflammatory microenvironment favouring the initiation and progression of various age-related diseases, including prostate cancer. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of cellular gene expression. Nonetheless, very little is known about the interplay of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and how deregulation of ncRNA networks promotes cellular senescence. To investigate this, human prostate epithelial cells were cultured through different passages until senescent, and their RNA was extracted and sequenced using RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and microRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) miRNAseq. Differential expression (DE) gene analysis was performed to compare senescent and proliferating cells with Limma, miRNA-target interactions with multiMiR, lncRNA-target interactions using TCGA data and network evaluation with miRmapper. We found that miR-335-3p, miR-543 and the lncRNAs H19 and SMIM10L2A all play central roles in the regulation of cell cycle and DNA repair processes. Expression of most genes belonging to these pathways were down-regulated by senescence. Using the concept of network centrality, we determined the top 10 miRNAs and lncRNAs, with miR-335-3p and H19 identified as the biggest hubs for miRNAs and lncRNA respectively. These ncRNAs regulate key genes belonging to pathways involved in cell senescence and prostate cancer demonstrating their central role in these processes and opening the possibility for their use as biomarkers or therapeutic targets to mitigate against prostate ageing and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian A. da Silveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science Centre, School of Health, Science and Wellbeing, Staffordshire University, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF, UK;
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Ludivine Renaud
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 403, 171 Ashley Ave Suite 419, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (L.R.); (E.S.H.)
| | - Edward S. Hazard
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 403, 171 Ashley Ave Suite 419, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (L.R.); (E.S.H.)
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 403, 171 Ashley Ave Suite 419, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (L.R.); (E.S.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-28-9097-6514
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