1
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Rezaei E, Shahedi M, Habibi Z. Biocatalytic Synthesis of Nitrile-Bearing All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39051740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of all-carbon quaternary stereocenters containing nitriles is a very important and challenging subject in organic chemistry. We used a biocatalytic approach under mild conditions to obtain new derivatives of these scaffolds by oxidation of catechols by Myceliophthora thermophila laccase (Novozym 51003) to afford o-quinones and 1,4-addition of a series of carbon nucleophiles containing tertiary alkyle nitriles to these intermediates. Using this approach, α-cyano carbonyls bearing a quaternary stereocenter were also prepared. Finally, the yields for the prepared compounds were 72-94%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Rezaei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Shahedi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411 Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Habibi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411 Tehran, Iran
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2
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Xu B, Zhang Z, Tantillo DJ, Dai M. Concise Total Syntheses of ( -)-Crinipellins A and B Enabled by a Controlled Cargill Rearrangement. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39052841 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report concise total syntheses of diterpene natural products (-)-crinipellins A and B with a tetraquinane skeleton, three adjacent all-carbon quaternary centers, and multiple oxygenated and labile functional groups. Our synthesis features a convergent Kozikowski β-alkylation to unite two readily available building blocks with all the required carbon atoms, an intramolecular photochemical [2 + 2] cycloaddition to install three challenging and adjacent all-carbon quaternary centers and a 5-6-4-5 tetracyclic skeleton, and a controlled Cargill rearrangement to rearrange the 5-6-4-5 tetracyclic skeleton to the desired tetraquinane skeleton. These strategically enabling transformations allowed us to complete total syntheses of (-)-crinipellins A and B in 12 and 13 steps, respectively. The results of quantum chemical computations revealed that the Bronsted acid-catalyzed Cargill rearrangements likely involve stepwise paths to products and the AlR3-catalyzed Cargill rearrangements likely involve a concerted path with asynchronous alkyl shifting events to form the desired product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Ziyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Mingji Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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3
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Lin B, Liu T, Luo T. Gold-catalyzed cyclization and cycloaddition in natural product synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:1091-1112. [PMID: 38456472 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00056g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Covering: 2016 to mid 2023Transition metal catalysis, known for its remarkable capacity to expedite the assembly of molecular complexity from readily available starting materials in a single operation, occupies a central position in contemporary chemical synthesis. Within this landscape, gold-catalyzed reactions present a novel and versatile paradigm, offering robust frameworks for accessing diverse structural motifs. In this review, we highlighted a curated selection of publications in the past 8 years, focusing on the deployment of homogeneous gold catalysis in the ring-forming step for the total synthesis of natural products. These investigations are categorized based on the specific ring formations they engender, accentuating the prevailing gold-catalyzed methodologies applied to surmount intricate challenges in natural products synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Tianran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Tuoping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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4
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Zhang W, Yu PC, Feng CY, Li CC. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Pedrolide. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2928-2932. [PMID: 38289153 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The asymmetric total synthesis of pedrolide (>200 mg) with an unprecedented [5-5-5-6-6-3] hexacyclic core (pedrolane) was achieved. Its unique bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane ring system was efficiently constructed via an enantioselective ene reaction of cyclopentadiene followed by a Wittig reaction, isomerization, and a diastereoselective intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction cascade. The highly oxygenated carane [6-3] ring system was synthesized via a ring-closing metathesis reaction followed by an unusual free carbene cyclopropanation. Furthermore, the 12 contiguous stereocenters of pedrolide were installed diastereoselectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Yu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chen-Yun Feng
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
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5
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Zhuang QB, Tian JR, Lu K, Zhang XM, Zhang FM, Tu YQ, Fan R, Li ZH, Zhang YD. Catalytic Asymmetric Polycyclization of Tertiary Enamides with Silyl Enol Ethers: Total Synthesis of (-)-Cephalocyclidin A. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 38019148 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
A catalytic enantioselective polycyclization of tertiary enamides with terminal silyl enol ethers has been developed by virtue of Cu(OTf)2 catalysis with a novel spiropyrroline-derived oxazole (SPDO) ligand. This tandem reaction offers an effective approach to assemble bicyclic and tricyclic N-heterocycles bearing both aza- and oxa-quaternary stereogenic centers, which are primal subunits in a range of natural alkaloids. Strategic application of this methodology and a late-stage radical cyclization as key steps have been showcased in the concise total synthesis of (-)-cephalocyclidin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Bo Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jin-Rui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ka Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontier Scientific Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Minhang 200240, China
| | - Rong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu-Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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6
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Zhao W, Zhang D, Wang Y, Yang M. Total Syntheses of Rhodomollins A and B. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 38016018 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The first and asymmetric total syntheses of rhodomollins A and B, two rhodomollane type grayanoids featuring a d-homograyanane carbon skeleton and an oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1] core, were accomplished via a convergent strategy. A Stille coupling and a lithium-halogen exchange/intramolecular nucleophilic addition to the aldehyde sequence were employed to assemble two enantioenriched fragments. The oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1] core was achieved through an intramolecular SN2 substitution of cyclic sulfate of 1,2-diols (Williamson ether synthesis). The A ring oxidation states were adjusted by a Payne/Meinwald rearrangement sequence and subsequent redox transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Yuran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China
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7
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Choi S, Choi Y, Kim Y, Lee J, Lee SY. Copper-Catalyzed C-C Cross-Couplings of Tertiary Alkyl Halides with Anilines Enabled by Cyclopropenimine-Based Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37933129 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic cross-couplings of tertiary alkyl electrophiles with carbon nucleophiles offer a powerful platform for constructing quaternary carbon centers, which are prevalent in bioactive molecules. However, these reactions remain underdeveloped primarily because of steric challenges that impede efficient bond formation. Herein, we describe the copper-catalyzed synthesis of such centers through the C(sp3)-C(sp2) bond-forming reaction between tertiary alkyl halides and arene rings of aniline derivatives, enabled by the strategic implementation of bidentate bis(cyclopropenimine) ligands. The copper catalyst bound by two imino-nitrogen atoms of these ligands, which have never been employed in metal catalysis previously, is highly effective in rapidly activating tertiary halides to generate alkyl radicals, allowing them to react with aryl nucleophiles under mild conditions with remarkably short reaction times (1-2 h). Various tertiary halides bearing carbonyl functional groups can be coupled with secondary or primary anilines, furnishing a range of quaternary carbon centers in good yields. Several mechanistic observations support the generation of copper(II) species and alkyl radicals which as a result elucidate the steps in the proposed catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serim Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah Yunmi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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8
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Das J, Ali W, Ghosh A, Pal T, Mandal A, Teja C, Dutta S, Pothikumar R, Ge H, Zhang X, Maiti D. Access to unsaturated bicyclic lactones by overriding conventional C(sp 3)-H site selectivity. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1626-1635. [PMID: 37563324 PMCID: PMC10624629 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal catalysis plays a pivotal role in transforming unreactive C-H bonds. However, regioselective activation of distal aliphatic C-H bonds poses a tremendous challenge, particularly in the absence of directing templates. Activation of a methylene C-H bond in the presence of methyl C-H is underexplored. Here we show activation of a methylene C-H bond in the presence of methyl C-H bonds to form unsaturated bicyclic lactones. The protocol allows the reversal of the general selectivity in aliphatic C-H bond activation. Computational studies suggest that reversible C-H activation is followed by β-hydride elimination to generate the Pd-coordinated cycloalkene that undergoes stereoselective C-O cyclization, and subsequent β-hydride elimination to provide bicyclic unsaturated lactones. The broad generality of this reaction has been highlighted via dehydrogenative lactonization of mid to macro ring containing acids along with the C-H olefination reaction with olefin and allyl alcohol. The method substantially simplifies the synthesis of important bicyclic lactones that are important features of natural products as well as pharmacoactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayabrata Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Wajid Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Animesh Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Tanay Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Astam Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Chitrala Teja
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Suparna Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Haibo Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Xinglong Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.
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9
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Gao L, Liang X, He L, Li G, Chen S, Cao J, Ma J, Wang G, Li S. Base-mediated C-B bond activation of benzylic boronate for the rapid construction of β-silyl/boryl functionalized 1,1-diarylalkanes from aromatic alkenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11881-11889. [PMID: 37920335 PMCID: PMC10619622 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03666a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of tBuOK on the existing state of benzylic boronates in the solution phase has been investigated in detail by NMR analysis and DFT calculations. It was determined that simply using an excess of tBuOK (2.0 equivalents) can result in the full deborylation of benzylic boronates to afford free benzyl potassium species. These mechanistic insights were leveraged for the facile construction of β-silyl/boryl functionalized 1,1-diarylalkanes from aromatic alkenes via the combination of base-mediated silylboration or diborylation of aromatic alkenes and nucleophilic-type reactions with various electrophiles. Based on further machine-learning-assisted screening, the scope of electrophiles for this transformation can be generalized to the challenging aromatic heterocycles. Late-stage functionalization performed on several drug-relevant molecules generates the highly valuable 1,1-diaryl framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuzhou Gao
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Xinyi Liang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Linke He
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Guoao Li
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shengda Chen
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jia Cao
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jing Ma
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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10
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Hou SH, Zhou FF, Sun YH, Li QZ. Deconstructive and Divergent Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products. Molecules 2023; 28:6193. [PMID: 37687022 PMCID: PMC10488409 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products play a key role in innovative drug discovery. To explore the potential application of natural products and their analogues in pharmacology, total synthesis is a key tool that provides natural product candidates and synthetic analogues for drug development and potential clinical trials. Deconstructive synthesis, namely building new, challenging structures through bond cleavage of easily accessible moieties, has emerged as a useful design principle in synthesizing bioactive natural products. Divergent synthesis, namely synthesizing many natural products from a common intermediate, can improve the efficiency of chemical synthesis and generate libraries of molecules with unprecedented structural diversity. In this review, we will firstly introduce five recent and excellent examples of deconstructive and divergent syntheses of natural products (2021-2023). Then, we will summarize our previous work on the deconstructive and divergent synthesis of natural products to demonstrate the high efficiency and simplicity of these two strategies in the field of total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Hua Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs and Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (F.-F.Z.); (Y.-H.S.); (Q.-Z.L.)
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11
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Williams CG, Nistanaki SK, Wells CW, Nelson HM. α-Vinylation of Ester Equivalents via Main Group Catalysis for the Construction of Quaternary Centers. Org Lett 2023; 25:3591-3595. [PMID: 37192420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A methodology for the construction of sterically congested quaternary centers via the trapping of vinyl carbocations with silyl ketene acetals is disclosed. This main group-catalyzed α-vinylation reaction is advantageous as methods to access these congested motifs are limited. Moreover, β,γ-unsaturated carbonyl moieties and tetrasubstituted alkenes are present in various bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals, and this catalytic platform offers a means of accessing them using simple and inexpensive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe G Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sepand K Nistanaki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Conner W Wells
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Hosea M Nelson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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12
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Zou YP, Lai ZL, Zhang MW, Peng J, Ning S, Li CC. Total Synthesis of (±)- and (-)-Daphnillonin B. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10998-11004. [PMID: 37167083 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of (±)- and (-)-daphnillonin B, a daphnicyclidin-type alkaloid with a new [7-6-5-7-5-5] A/B/C/D/E/F hexacyclic core, has been achieved. The [6-5-7] B/C/D ring system was efficiently and diastereoselectively constructed via a mild type I intramolecular [5+2] cycloaddition, followed by a Grubbs II catalyst-catalyzed radical cyclization. The [5-5] fused E/F ring system was synthesized via a diastereoselective intramolecular Pauson-Khand reaction. Notably, the synthetically challenging [7-6-5-7-5-5] hexacyclic core was reassembled by a unique Wagner-Meerwein-type rearrangement from the [6-6-5-7-5-5] hexacyclic framework found in calyciphylline A-type Daphniphyllum alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Peng Zou
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zheng-Lin Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Meng-Wei Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianzhao Peng
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuai Ning
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
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13
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Huang HG, Zheng YQ, Zhong D, Deng JL, Liu WB. Reductive Aza-Pauson-Khand Reaction of Nitriles. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10463-10469. [PMID: 37129915 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
γ-Lactams are valuable heterocycles in synthetic chemistry and drug development. Here, we report a reductive aza-Pauson-Khand reaction (aza-PKR) of an alkyne, a nitrile, and Co2(CO)8. A wide array of bicyclic α,β-unsaturated γ-lactams containing two adjacent stereocenters, including an all-carbon quaternary center, from alkyne-tethered malononitriles are efficiently accessed in high diastereoselectivity. Preliminary mechanistic investigations by experiments and DFT calculations reveal that the reaction undergoes an aza-PKR process followed by a in situ reduction. The reducing reagent generated in situ from water also provides a practical tool for deuterium incorporation into the γ-position of lactams using D2O as the deuterium source. This study represents a new mode for [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition that enables the direct use of nitrile in aza-heterocycle synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gui Huang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zheng
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dayou Zhong
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiang-Lian Deng
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wen-Bo Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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14
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Wang Y, Su Y, Jia Y. Total Synthesis of (+)-Aberrarone. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9459-9463. [PMID: 37084250 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The structurally intriguing diterpene (+)-aberrarone has been assembled in only 12 steps from the commercially available (S,S)-carveol without protecting group manipulations. This concise synthesis features a Cu-catalyzed asymmetric hydroboration to generate the chiral methyl group, a Ni-catalyzed reductive coupling to link two fragments, and a Mn-mediated radical cascade cyclization to construct the triquinane system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yongjian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanxing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
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15
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Liang Y, Smerznak E, Wnuk SF. Construction of quaternary stereocenters at carbon 2' of nucleosides. Carbohydr Res 2023; 528:108814. [PMID: 37087776 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The non-natural nucleosides with a quaternary stereogenic center at C2' are crucial to drug discovery. They have become a cornerstone for the treatment of cancer and various viral infections as exemplified by gemcitabine and sofosbuvir. Major research effort has been expended to gain synthetic access to these nucleoside analogues with a significant steric bulk at C2' in the furanoside ring. The 2'-ketonucleosides and 2'-deoxy-2'-methylenenucleosides emerged as key intermediates in these synthetic strategies. For example, α-face addition of methyl lithium to the 2'-ketonucleosides followed by fluorination of resulting tertiary arabino alcohol with DAST provided 2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyluridine - a core nucleoside component of sofosbuvir. The α-face addition of HCN or HN3 to the 2'-deoxy-2'-methylene nucleosides gave access to the synthetically versatile 2'-cyano-2'-C-methyl and 2'-azido-2'-C-methyl nucleosides. Likewise, the addition of diazomethane to the 2'-exomethylene group gave access to the 2'-spirocyclopropyl analogue. This review primarily discusses synthetic strategies which employs natural nucleosides as substrates but selected approaches involving coupling of the preelaborated sugar precursors with nucleobases are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, United States
| | - Ellie Smerznak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, United States
| | - Stanislaw F Wnuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, United States.
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16
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Shahedi M, Omidi N, Habibi Z, Yousefi M, Brask J, Notash B, Mohammadi M. Biocatalytic stereoselective synthesis of pyrrolidine-2,3-diones containing all-carbon quaternary stereocenters. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2742-2747. [PMID: 36916669 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02294j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Highly functionalized pyrrolidine-2,3-diones can be synthesized efficiently and stereoselectively under mild conditions using a biocatalytic approach. The reaction led to the formation of new all-carbon quaternary stereocenters from Myceliophthora thermophila laccase (Novozym 51003) catalyzed oxidation of catechols to ortho-quinones and subsequent 1,4-addition with 3-hydroxy-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ones. The reaction was conducted with various substituents on both reactants, resulting in 13 products in moderate to good yields (42-91%). The same 15 reactions were also tested with K3Fe(CN)6 as a catalyst, but here only one reaction resulted in a product (60% yield).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Shahedi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Niloofar Omidi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zohreh Habibi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Yousefi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jesper Brask
- Novozymes A/S, Krogshøjvej 36, 2880 Bagsværd, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Behrouz Notash
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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17
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Lin X, Huang Y, Min L, Li CC. Synthesis of Spirotricyclic Core of Bonnadiene. Org Lett 2023; 25:1156-1160. [PMID: 36757147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
We herein describe a new approach for the efficient synthesis of the tricyclic core of diterpene bonnadiene. The synthetically challenging and unusual [6-7-5] spirotricyclic skeleton including the all-carbon quaternary stereocenter, was installed diastereoselectively via a type II [5 + 2] cycloaddition, followed by a unique vinylogous semipinacol rearrangement. The described chemistry demonstrates the feasibility of making the [6-7-5] spirotricyclic skeleton of the final product from the strained bridged [7-8-5] ring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Lin
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Long Min
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
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18
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Qi J, Song T, Yang Z, Sun S, Tung CH, Xu Z. Simultaneous Dual Cu/Ir Catalysis: Stereodivergent Synthesis of Chiral β-Lactams with Adjacent Tertiary/Quaternary/Tertiary Stereocenters. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Qi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Tingting Song
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry, Shandong University, No. 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhenning Yang
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry, Shandong University, No. 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shuzhe Sun
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry, Shandong University, No. 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry, Shandong University, No. 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhenghu Xu
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry, Shandong University, No. 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan 250100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
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19
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Kim J, Lee S, Han S, Lee HY. Divergent synthesis of conidiogenones B–F and 12β-hydroxyconidiogenone C. Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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20
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Shi L, Gao Z, Li Y, Dai Y, Liu Y, Shi L, Hao HD. Synthetic study toward the diterpenoid aberrarone. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1625-1628. [DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
An approach to aberrarone, an antimalarial diterpenoid natural product with tetracyclic skeleton is reported. Key to the stereoselective preparation of the 6-5-5 tricyclic skeleton includes the mediation of Nagata reagent for constructing the C1 all-carbon quaternary centers and gold-catalyzed cyclopentenone synthesis through C–H insertion.
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21
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Li Y, Paola E, Wang Z, Menard G, Zakarian A. Lithium Enolate with a Lithium-Alkyne Interaction in the Enantioselective Construction of Quaternary Carbon Centers: Concise Synthesis of (+)-Goniomitine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209987. [PMID: 36251869 PMCID: PMC9798608 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report a method for direct enantioselective alkylation of 3-alkynoic and 2,3-alkendioic acids that form quaternary stereogenic centers, and application of this method to the total enantioselective synthesis of a complex alkaloid (+)-goniomitine. The methods were effective in the alkylation of both 3-alkynoic acids, 2,3-alkendioic acids substrates with a broad range of heterocyclic and functionalized alkyl group substituents. Accompanying crystallographic studies provide mechanistic insight into the structure of well-defined chiral aggregates, highlighting cation-π interactions between lithium and alkyne groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Elena Paola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Zongheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Gabriel Menard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Armen Zakarian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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22
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Li Y, Paola E, Wang Z, Menard G, Zakarian A. Lithium Enolate with a Lithium‐Alkyne Interaction in the Enantioselective Construction of Quaternary Carbon Centers: Concise Synthesis of (+)‐Goniomitine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Elena Paola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Zongheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Gabriel Menard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Armen Zakarian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
- Center for Integrative Biology Faculty of Sciences Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism Universidad Mayor Santiago Chile
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23
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You Y, Li TT, Sun TJ, Zhang YP, Wang ZH, Zhao JQ, Yuan WC. Enantioselective Construction of Vicinal Quaternary-Tetrasubstituted Carbon Stereocenters by Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Propargylic Substitution. Org Lett 2022; 24:7671-7676. [PMID: 36226893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective construction of vicinal tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters is a formidable challenge in organic synthesis. A copper-catalyzed asymmetric decarboxylative propargylic substitution with 3-amino oxindoles as trisubstituted carbon nucleophiles and propargylic cyclic carbonates as tertiary carbon electrophiles was developed. A range of 3-amino-3,3'-disubstituted oxindoles bearing vicinal quaternary-tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters were obtained in high yields and good to excellent stereoselectivities (up to 98% yield, >20:1 dr, and 98.5:1.5 er).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong You
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ting-Jia Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhang
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Wang
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Zhao
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Wei-Cheng Yuan
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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24
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Li LX, Min L, Yao TB, Ji SX, Qiao C, Tian PL, Sun J, Li CC. Total Synthesis of Yuzurine-type Alkaloid Daphgraciline. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18823-18828. [PMID: 36198113 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of daphgraciline has been achieved, which also represents the first example of the synthesis of Daphniphyllum yuzurine-type alkaloids (∼50 members). The unique bridged azabicyclo[4.3.1] ring system in the yuzurine-type subfamily was efficiently and diastereoselectively assembled via a mild type II [5+2] cycloaddition for the first time. The compact tetracyclic [6-7-5-5] skeleton was installed efficiently via an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction, followed by a benzilic acid-type rearrangement. The synthetically challenging spiro tetrahydropyran moiety in the final product was installed diastereoselectively via a TiIII-mediated reductive epoxide coupling reaction. Potential access to enantioenriched daphgraciline is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xuan Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Long Min
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tian-Bing Yao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shu-Xiao Ji
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuang Qiao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Pei-Lin Tian
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
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25
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Lu HH, Gan KJ, Ni FQ, Zhang Z, Zhu Y. Concise Total Synthesis of Salimabromide. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18778-18783. [PMID: 36194507 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We achieved a concise total synthesis of salimabromide by using a novel intramolecular radical cyclization to simultaneously construct the unique benzo-fused [4.3.1] carbon skeleton and the vicinal quaternary stereocenters. Other notable transformations include a tandem Michael/Mukaiyama aldol reaction to introduce most of the molecule's structural elements, along with hidden information for late-stage transformations, an intriguing tandem oxidative cyclization of a diene to form the bridged butyrolactone and enone moieties spontaneously, and a highly enantioselective hydrogenation of a cycloheptenone derivative (97% ee) that paved the way for the asymmetric synthesis of salimabromide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Kang-Ji Gan
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fu-Qiang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Zhihan Zhang
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
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26
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Hilgers R, Yong Teng S, Briš A, Pereverzev AY, White P, Jansen JJ, Roithová J. Monitoring Reaction Intermediates to Predict Enantioselectivity Using Mass Spectrometry**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205720. [PMID: 35561144 PMCID: PMC9544535 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective reactions are at the core of chemical synthesis. Their development mostly relies on prior knowledge, laborious product analysis and post‐rationalization by theoretical methods. Here, we introduce a simple and fast method to determine enantioselectivities based on mass spectrometry. The method is based on ion mobility separation of diastereomeric intermediates, formed from a chiral catalyst and prochiral reactants, and delayed reactant labeling experiments to link the mass spectra with the reaction kinetics in solution. The data provide rate constants along the reaction paths for the individual diastereomeric intermediates, revealing the origins of enantioselectivity. Using the derived kinetics, the enantioselectivity of the overall reaction can be predicted. Hence, this method can offer a rapid discovery and optimization of enantioselective reactions in the future. We illustrate the method for the addition of cyclopentadiene (CP) to an α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde catalyzed by a diarylprolinol silyl ether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roelant Hilgers
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry Wageningen University & Research Bornse Weilanden 9 6708 WG Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Sin Yong Teng
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Anamarija Briš
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandr Y. Pereverzev
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Paul White
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J. Jansen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Jana Roithová
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
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27
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Abstract
We disclose the first total synthesis of (+)-aberrarone, a diterpenoid natural product featuring a 5-5-5-6-fused tetracyclic skeleton. Key to the approach is a Au-catalyzed-Sn-mediated Meyer-Schuster-Nazarov-cyclopropanation-aldol cascade, which closes four rings in high yield. The convergent approach furnishes the natural product (+)-aberrarone stereoselectively in 15 steps. We highlight the benefits of using a Sn-alkoxide to considerably expand the opportunities of Au-catalysis for the synthesis of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willi M Amberg
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Vladimir Prelog Weg 3, HCI H335, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Vladimir Prelog Weg 3, HCI H335, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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28
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Wang DK, Li LB, Liu FL, Qiu H, Li JZ, Zhang J, Deng C, Wei WT. Fe-Catalyzed Selective Formal Insertion of Diazo Compounds into C(sp)-C(sp 3) Bonds of Propargyl Alcohols: Access to Alkyne-Substituted All-Carbon Quaternary Centers. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1028-1034. [PMID: 35912339 PMCID: PMC9336152 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The construction of all-carbon quaternary centers, especially those containing an alkyne-substituted framework, represents an important challenge in organic synthesis. Here we present a novel Fe-catalyzed selective formal insertion of diazo compounds into C(sp)-C(sp3) bonds of propargyl alcohols under mild conditions that enables the streamlined construction of alkyne-substituted all-carbon quaternary centers. This unique strategy starts with in situ generation of an ester group in the presence of carboxylic acids, followed by insertion of metal-carbene into C(sp)-C(sp3) bonds, which may open up a new reaction mode for exploring metal-carbene insertion into acyclic C-C bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kai Wang
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced
Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Liu-Bin Li
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced
Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Fa-Liang Liu
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced
Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Hui Qiu
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced
Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Jiao-Zhe Li
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced
Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced
Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Chao Deng
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College
of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Ting Wei
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced
Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
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29
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Tian X, Zhang Y, Dong H, Ren W, Wang Y. Asymmetric α-Regioselective [3 + 2] Annulation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Carbonates: Construction of Three Contiguous Stereocenters with Vicinal Quaternary Carbon Centers. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9593-9606. [PMID: 35833878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric α-regioselective annulation of MBH carbonates with 4-arylmethylisoxazol-5-ones has been developed to afford spirocyclic oxindole derivatives containing three contiguous stereogenic centers and vicinal all-carbon quaternary chiral centers. This reaction exhibits a broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance. Excellent yields with high diastereo- and enantioselectivities were obtained in this efficient organocatalytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Tian
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yongxing Zhang
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Weiwu Ren
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (QNLM), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (QNLM), Qingdao 266237, China
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30
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Kotha S, Ansari S, Gupta NK. Annulation Tactics of cis-syn-cis Triquinanes by Allylsilanes: Application of Hosomi-Sakurai Reaction Conditions. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200497. [PMID: 35796548 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective [3+2] cycloaddition approach to functionalized pentaquinanes starting from cis-syn-cis triquinanes, derived from Cookson's diones, is reported. This transformation involves generation of six new stereocenters in a single step leading to cis-anti-cis-syn-cis-anti-cis polyquinane systems. Our method prevents transannular cyclizations which are prevalent in these moieties. The structure and stereochemistry of target molecules are well-characterized based on NMR data and X-ray diffraction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Saima Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Naveen K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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31
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Wang YQ, Xu K, Min L, Li CC. Asymmetric Total Syntheses of Hypoestin A, Albolic Acid, and Ceroplastol II. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10162-10167. [PMID: 35657330 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first asymmetric total synthesis of bioactive diterpenoid hypoestin A with an unprecedented [5-8-5-3] tetracyclic skeleton is accomplished in 15 steps from commercially available (R)-limonene. Furthermore, the second asymmetric total syntheses of sesterterpenoids albolic acid and ceroplastol II in 21 steps are also reported. The synthetically challenging and highly functionalized [X-8-5] (X = 5 or 7) tricarbocyclic ring systems found in hypoestin A, albolic acid, ceroplastol II, and schindilactone A, as well as other natural products, are efficiently and directly constructed via a unique intramolecular Pauson-Khand reaction of an allene-yne. This work represents the first reported use of the Pauson-Khand reaction to access synthetically challenging eight-membered-ring systems in natural product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kunhua Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Long Min
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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32
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Hilgers R, Teng SY, Bris A, White P, Jansen J, Roithová J. Monitoring Reaction Intermediates to Predict Enantioselectivity Using Mass Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roelant Hilgers
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis NETHERLANDS
| | - Sin Yong Teng
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Department of Chemometrics NETHERLANDS
| | - Anamarija Bris
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis NETHERLANDS
| | - Paul White
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis NETHERLANDS
| | - Jeroen Jansen
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Department of Chemometrics NETHERLANDS
| | - Jana Roithová
- Radboud University Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen NETHERLANDS
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33
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Wang YP, Fang K, Tu YQ, Yin JJ, Zhao Q, Ke T. An efficient approach to angular tricyclic molecular architecture via Nazarov-like cyclization and double ring-expansion cascade. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2335. [PMID: 35484150 PMCID: PMC9050659 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A modular and efficient method for constructing angular tri-carbocyclic architectures containing quaternary carbon center(s) from 1,3-dicycloalkylidenyl ketones is established, which involves an unconventional synergistic cascade of a Nazarov cyclization and two ring expansions. It features high selectivity, mild conditions and convenient operation, wide scope and easy availability of substrate. Substitution with R1 and R2 at the 4πe-system with electron-donating group favors this reaction, while that with electron-withdrawing group or proton disfavors. The electron-donating group as R1 directs the initial ring expansion at its own site, while the p-π- or n-π- associated substituent as R2 favors selectively the later ring expansion near its location because of the beneficial maintenance of an original conjugated system. The stereoselectivity has proved to be governed by either the steric effect of R3 and R4 at the expanded rings, or the migration ability of the migrating atom. Density Functional Theory calculation suggests the initial Nazarov cyclization would be the rate-determining step. A racemic total synthesis of the natural (±)-waihoensene is realized in 18 steps by use of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Peng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Jun-Jie Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.,A training graduate student from Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tian Ke
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Abstract
Terpenoids constitute a broad class of natural compounds with tremendous variability in structure and bioactivity, which resulted in a strong interest of the chemical community to this class of natural products over the last 150 years. The presence of strained small rings renders the terpenoid targets interesting for chemical synthesis, due to limited number of available methods and stability issues. In this feature article, a number of recent examples of total syntheses of terpenoids with complex carbon frameworks featuring small rings are discussed. Specific emphasis is given to the new developments in strategical and tactical approaches to construction of such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb A Chesnokov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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35
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Chen ZH, Sun RZ, Yao F, Hu XD, Xiang LX, Cong H, Liu WB. Enantioselective Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Aryl/Alkenyl-Cyano Cyclization Coupling to All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4776-4782. [PMID: 35263101 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective nickel-catalyzed intramolecular reductive cross-coupling of C(sp2) electrophiles and cyano groups is reported. Enantioenriched CN-containing all-carbon quaternary stereocenters are assembled by desymmetrizing cyclization of aryl/alkenyl halide-tethered malononitriles. The use of an organic reductant, (EtO)2MeSiH, is crucial to the enantioselectivity and reactivity. Applications of the method are demonstrated through the synthesis of bioactive molecules and their cyanated analogues and the total synthesis of the natural product diomuscinone. This study exhibits the potential of desymmetrizing reductive coupling strategies to access structurally rigid and synthetically versatile molecules from readily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Chen
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Rui-Ze Sun
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Fei Yao
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xu-Dong Hu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Long-Xue Xiang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Hengjiang Cong
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Wen-Bo Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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36
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Rahman MT, Tiruveedhula VVNPB, Stephen MR, Rallapalli SK, Pandey KP, Cook JM. Completion of the Total Synthesis of Several Bioactive Sarpagine/Macroline Alkaloids including the Important NF-κB Inhibitor N4-Methyltalpinine. Molecules 2022; 27:1738. [PMID: 35268836 PMCID: PMC8911669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The unification of the general synthetic strategy regarding the important and emerging group of C-19 methyl-substituted sarpagine/macroline alkaloids has culminated in the completion of the total synthesis of several bioactive alkaloids. Key transformations include an ACE-Cl mediated late-stage N(4)-demethylation and an anhydrous acid-mediated intramolecular quaternary hemiaminal formation between a tertiary amine and an aldehyde function to allow efficient access to several biologically important alkaloids from this group. Herein, the enantiospecific total synthesis of the first known sarpagine/macroline alkaloid with NF-κB inhibitory activity, N(4)-methyltalpinine (as a chloride salt), as well as the anticancer alkaloids talpinine, O-acetyltalpinine, and macrocarpines F-G, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - James M. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA; (M.T.R.); (V.V.N.P.B.T.); (M.R.S.); (S.K.R.); (K.P.P.)
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37
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Fang X, Zhang N, Chen SC, Luo T. Scalable Total Synthesis of (-)-Triptonide: Serendipitous Discovery of a Visible-Light-Promoted Olefin Coupling Initiated by Metal-Catalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer (MHAT). J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2292-2300. [PMID: 35089705 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and scalable total synthesis of (-)-triptonide is accomplished based on a metal-catalyzed hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT)-initiated radical cyclization. During the optimization of the key step, we discovered that blue LEDs significantly promoted the efficiency of reaction initiated by Co(TPP)-catalyzed MHAT. Further exploration and optimization of this catalytic system led to development of a dehydrogenative MHAT-initiated Giese reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhe Fang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Si-Cong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tuoping Luo
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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38
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Pan Y, Ren W, Zhang Z, Luo F, Hou X, Li X, Yang YF, Wang Y. Tandem 1,6-addition/cyclopropanation/rearrangement reaction of vinylogous para-quinone methides with 3-chlorooxindoles: construction of vicinal quaternary carbon centers. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00471b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel tandem 1,6-addition/cyclopropanation/rearrangement reaction of vinylogous para-quinone methides with 3-chlorooxindoles has been developed, providing dispirooxindole–cyclopentane–cyclohexadienones with vicinal quaternary carbon centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Pan
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Weiwu Ren
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (QNLM), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhanhao Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Fengbiao Luo
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaohan Hou
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (QNLM), Qingdao 266237, China
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39
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Adarsh Krishna TP, Edachery B, Athalathil S. Bakuchiol – a natural meroterpenoid: structure, isolation, synthesis and functionalization approaches. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8815-8832. [PMID: 35424800 PMCID: PMC8985110 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08771a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bakuchiol is an emblematic meroterpene class of natural product extracted from Psoralea corylifolia. It has been reported to possess a broad range of biological and pharmacological properties and is considered as a leading biomolecule. It is highly desirable to devise an efficient approach to access bakuchiol and its chemical biology applications. In this review we provided structural features, isolation methods, various chemical routes and late-stage functionalization (LSF) approaches for bakuchiol and its derivatives. Moreover, this review encompasses the structure–activity relationships (SAR), value-added contributions and future perspectives of bakuchiol The isolation methods, various chemical routes and late-stage functionalization approaches and structure–activity relationships of bakuchiol – a meroterpene class of natural product has been discussed in detail.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- T. P. Adarsh Krishna
- R & D Division, Sreedhareeyam Farmherbs India Pvt. Ltd, Ernakulam (Dist.), Kerala, India-686 662
| | - Baldev Edachery
- R & D Division, Sreedhareeyam Farmherbs India Pvt. Ltd, Ernakulam (Dist.), Kerala, India-686 662
| | - Sunil Athalathil
- R & D Division, Sreedhareeyam Farmherbs India Pvt. Ltd, Ernakulam (Dist.), Kerala, India-686 662
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40
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Dwulet NC, Ramella V, Vanderwal CD. Soft Enolization of 3-Substituted Cycloalkanones Exhibits Significantly Improved Regiocontrol vs Hard Enolization Conditions. Org Lett 2021; 23:9616-9619. [PMID: 34870436 PMCID: PMC8766248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Soft enolization conditions are revealed to be markedly better than the typically applied hard enolization protocols for regioselective enoxysilane formation from unsymmetrical 3-substituted cycloalkanones. Five-, six-, and seven-membered cycloalkanones each with 3-methyl, 3-isopropyl, or 3-phenyl substituents were investigated, and in all but one case, regioselectivities were ≥11:1 for enolization away from the substituent. These results are complementary to the regiospecific enoxysilane formation derived from cycloalkenone conjugate addition/enolate silylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C. Dwulet
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Vincenzo Ramella
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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41
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Zhang J, Xia W, Qu M, Huda S, Ward JS, Rissanen K, Albrecht M. Synthesis of Polycyclic Indolines by Utilizing a Reduction/Cyclization Cascade Reaction. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhang
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 Aachen 52074 Germany
| | - Wei Xia
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 Aachen 52074 Germany
| | - Meilin Qu
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 Aachen 52074 Germany
| | - Saskia Huda
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 Aachen 52074 Germany
| | - Jas S. Ward
- University of Jyvaskyla Department of Chemistry P.O. Box 35 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla Department of Chemistry P.O. Box 35 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Markus Albrecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 Aachen 52074 Germany
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42
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Kotha S, Keesari RR. A Modular Approach to Angularly Fused Polyquinanes via Ring-Rearrangement Metathesis: Synthetic Access to Cameroonanol Analogues and the Basic Core of Subergorgic Acid and Crinipellin. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17129-17155. [PMID: 34788028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe a modular approach to angularly fused polyquinanes that are core units of many natural products such as cameroonanol, subergorgic acid, and crinepellin, etc. in excellent yields by employing atom-economic ring-rearrangement metathesis as a key step. Our work highlights, the synthesis of cameroonanol analogues 1-6 and their ester derivatives by using the stereoselective reduction of the carbonyl group by using DIBAL-H- and DCC-mediated coupling as the key reactions. The subergorgic acid core 7 was produced by LDA-mediated kinetically controlled regio- and stereoselective ring-junction allylation as a critical step. Moreover, it is worth mentioning that the present strategy relies on a less explored exo-dicyclopentadiene-1-one (8) and produces highly congested polycyclic frameworks containing up to seven contiguous stereogenic centers including quaternary carbons up to two. All of the new molecules were characterized by NMR data. The structure and relative stereochemistry of some compounds were confirmed by chemical methods and further supported by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The newly reported tri- and tetraquinane skeletons are present in many naturally occurring bioactive polyquinanes. Hence, this strategy is useful for designing various "druglike molecules" and expands the chemical space of cyclopentanoids that are useful in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
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43
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Hui C, Brieger L, Strohmann C, Antonchick AP. Stereoselective Synthesis of Cyclobutanes by Contraction of Pyrrolidines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18864-18870. [PMID: 34748319 PMCID: PMC8603356 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a contractive synthesis of multisubstituted cyclobutanes containing multiple stereocenters from readily accessible pyrrolidines using iodonitrene chemistry. Mediated by a nitrogen extrusion process, the stereospecific synthesis of cyclobutanes involves a radical pathway. Unprecedented unsymmetrical spirocyclobutanes were prepared successfully, and a concise, formal synthesis of the cytotoxic natural product piperarborenine B is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunngai Hui
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lukas Brieger
- Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrey P Antonchick
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.,Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Forensics, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, United Kingdom
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44
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Zhang Z, Chen S, Tang F, Guo K, Liang XT, Huang J, Yang Z. Total Synthesis of (+)-Cyclobutastellettolide B. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18287-18293. [PMID: 34670366 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A convenient enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-cyclobutastellettolide B via a strategy that involves a diastereoselective Johnson-Claisen rearrangement, a regioselective cyclopropoxytrimethylsilane ring-opening reaction, and a Norrish-Yang cyclization is described. The results of computational and experimental studies indicate that the regio- and stereoselectivity of the Norrish-Yang reaction are controlled by the C-H bond dissociation energy and restricted rotation of the C13-C14 bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sijia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin-Ting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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45
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Zhou W, Voituriez A. Synthesis of Cyclopentenones with C4-Quaternary Stereocenters via Stereospecific [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement and Applications in Total Synthesis of Sesquiterpenoids. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17348-17353. [PMID: 34661403 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A cationic gold(I)-catalyzed asymmetric [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of sulfonium leads after cyclization to cyclopentenones with a C4-quaternary stereocenter. Starting with simple vinyl sulfoxides and propargyl silane, numerous compounds were isolated with moderate to good yields and excellent enantiomeric excesses (26 examples). The application of this simple methodology allowed the efficient total synthesis of five natural sesquiterpenoids, including enokipodin A and B, hitoyopodin A, lagopodin A, and isocuparene-3,4-diol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Zhou
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Arnaud Voituriez
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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46
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Li YM, Sun YT, Li BY, Qin HB. Total Synthesis of Dysifragilones A and B and Dysidavarone C. Org Lett 2021; 23:7254-7258. [PMID: 34459615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The concise synthesis of dysifragilones A and B and dysidavarones has been accomplished for the first time in a divergent way from a common intermediate. The synthetic route features an intramolecular reductive Heck reaction to construct the 6/5/6/6/-tetracycle of dysifragilones A and B and an intramolecular palladium-catalyzed α-arylation of a sterically hindered ketone to forge the tetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadecane core structure of dysidavarone C. The late-stage introduction of amino and ethoxy groups is effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Tong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bi-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Bo Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, P. R. China
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47
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Abstract
Peyssonnoside A is a marine-derived sulfated diterpenoid glucoside with a unique 5/6/3/6 tetracyclic skeleton with a highly substituted cyclopropane ring deeply embedded into the structure. Herein, we report the first total synthesis of this natural product in a concise, efficient, scalable, and highly diastereoselective fashion. The aglucone peyssonnosol was synthesized in 21% overall yield after 15 steps, featuring a Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation and Mukaiyama hydration, fully controlled by the spatial structure of the substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb A Chesnokov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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48
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Facile generation of bridged medium-sized polycyclic systems by rhodium-catalysed intramolecular (3+2) dipolar cycloadditions. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5239. [PMID: 34475378 PMCID: PMC8413281 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bridged medium-sized bicyclo[m.n.2] ring systems are common in natural products and potent pharmaceuticals, and pose a great synthetic challenge. Chemistry for making bicyclo[m.n.2] ring systems remains underdeveloped. Currently, there are no general reactions available for the single-step synthesis of various bridged bicyclo[m.n.2] ring systems from acyclic precursors. Here, we report an unusual type II intramolecular (3+2) dipolar cycloaddition strategy for the syntheses of various bridged bicyclo[m.n.2] ring systems. This rhodium-catalysed cascade reaction provides a relatively general strategy for the direct and efficient regioselective and diastereoselective synthesis of highly functionalized and synthetically challenging bridged medium-sized polycyclic systems. Asymmetric total synthesis of nakafuran-8 was accomplished using this method as a key step. Quantum mechanical calculations demonstrate the mechanism of this transformation and the origins of its multiple selectivities. This reaction will inspire the design of the strategies to make complex bioactive molecules with bridged medium-sized polycyclic systems. The bridged medium-sized ring bicyclo[m.n.2] family of natural products are commonly found but difficult to synthesize efficiently. Here the authors present a cascade reaction to form the carbon skeleton, via a [3+2] cycloaddition of a captured azavinyl carbene intermediate.
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Qu P, Snyder SA. Concise and Stereoselective Total Syntheses of Annotinolides C, D, and E. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11951-11956. [PMID: 34338524 PMCID: PMC8397315 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
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The annotinolides are one of the
most recent additions to the Lycopodium family of
alkaloids, with its members possessing
challenging, caged structures that include a [3.2.1]-bicyclic core
bearing six contiguous stereocenters, including four that are fully
substituted. Herein, we document a concise and stereoselective route
that achieves the first total syntheses of three of its members: annotinolides
C, D, and E. Key operations include a gold(I)-catalyzed Conia-ene
reaction that fashions much of the main core in a single operation,
as well as a number of other challenging and chemoselective transformations
to generate the remaining elements. Moreover, efforts utilizing the
natural products themselves, seeking adjustments in their oxidation
states and the rearrangement of individual ring systems, shed light
on their potential biogenesis with some outcomes counter to those
originally proposed. Finally, formal enantioenriched syntheses of
the target molecules are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Qu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Scott A Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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50
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Silva TS, Coelho F. Methodologies for the synthesis of quaternary carbon centers via hydroalkylation of unactivated olefins: twenty years of advances. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1565-1590. [PMID: 34290837 PMCID: PMC8275869 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Olefin double-bond functionalization has been established as an excellent strategy for the construction of elaborate molecules. In particular, the hydroalkylation of olefins represents a straightforward strategy for the synthesis of new C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds, with concomitant formation of challenging quaternary carbon centers. In the last 20 years, numerous hydroalkylation methodologies have emerged that have explored the diverse reactivity patterns of the olefin double bond. This review presents examples of olefins acting as electrophilic partners when coordinated with electrophilic transition-metal complexes or, in more recent approaches, when used as precursors of nucleophilic radical species in metal hydride hydrogen atom transfer reactions. This unique reactivity, combined with the wide availability of olefins as starting materials and the success reported in the construction of all-carbon C(sp3) quaternary centers, makes hydroalkylation reactions an ideal platform for the synthesis of molecules with increased molecular complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago S Silva
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Natural Products and Drugs, Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154 - 13083-970, Campinas - SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Coelho
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Natural Products and Drugs, Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154 - 13083-970, Campinas - SP, Brazil
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