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Jamagne R, Power MJ, Zhang ZH, Zango G, Gibber B, Leigh DA. Active template synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39235620 PMCID: PMC11376342 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00430b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The active template synthesis of mechanically interlocked molecular architectures exploits the dual ability of various structural elements (metals or, in the case of metal-free active template synthesis, particular arrangements of functional groups) to serve as both a template for the organisation of building blocks and as a catalyst to facilitate the formation of covalent bonds between them. This enables the entwined or threaded intermediate structure to be covalently captured under kinetic control. Unlike classical passive template synthesis, the intercomponent interactions transiently used to promote the assembly typically do not 'live on' in the interlocked product, meaning that active template synthesis can be traceless and used for constructing mechanically interlocked molecules that do not feature strong binding interactions between the components. Since its introduction in 2006, active template synthesis has been used to prepare a variety of rotaxanes, catenanes and knots. Amongst the metal-ion-mediated versions of the strategy, the copper(I)-catalysed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) remains the most extensively used transformation, although a broad range of other catalytic reactions and transition metals also provide effective manifolds. In metal-free active template synthesis, the recent discovery of the acceleration of the reaction of primary amines with electrophiles through the cavity of crown ethers has proved effective for forming an array of rotaxanes without recognition elements, including compact rotaxane superbases, dissipatively assembled rotaxanes and molecular pumps. This Review details the active template concept, outlines its advantages and limitations for the synthesis of interlocked molecules, and charts the diverse set of reactions that have been used with this strategy to date. The application of active template synthesis in various domains is discussed, including molecular machinery, mechanical chirality, catalysis, molecular recognition and various aspects of materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Jamagne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Martin J Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Germán Zango
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Benjamin Gibber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
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2
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Luengo-Márquez J, Assenza S, Micheletti C. Shape and size tunability of sheets of interlocked ring copolymers. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:6595-6607. [PMID: 39105348 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00694a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Mechanically bonded membranes of interlocked ring polymers are a significant generalization of conventional elastic sheets, where connectivity is provided by covalent bonding, and represent a promising class of topological meta-materials. In this context, two open questions regard the large-scale reverberations of the heterogeneous composition of the rings and the inequivalent modes of interlocking neighboring rings. We address these questions with Langevin dynamics simulations of chainmails with honeycomb-lattice connectivity, where the rings are block copolymers with two segments of different rigidity. We considered various combinations of the relative lengths of the two segments and the patterns of the over- and under-passes linking neighboring rings. We find that varying ring composition and linking patterns have independent and complementary effects. While the former sets the overall size of the chainmail, the latter defines the shape, enabling the selection of starkly different conformation types. Notably, one of the considered linking patterns favors saddle-shaped membranes, providing a first example of spontaneous negative Gaussian curvature in mechanically bonded sheets. The results help establish the extent to which mechanically bonded membranes can differ from conventional elastic ones, particularly for the achievable shape and size tunability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luengo-Márquez
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvatore Assenza
- Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Martí-Rujas J, Famulari A. Polycatenanes Formed of Self-Assembled Metal-Organic Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407626. [PMID: 38837637 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Poly-[n]-catenanes (PCs) self-assembled of three-dimensional (3D) metal organic cages (MOCs) (hereafter referred to as PCs-MOCs) are a relatively new class of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) that combine the properties of MOCs and polymers. The synthesis of PCs-MOCs is challenging because of the difficulties associated with interlocking MOCs, the occurrence of multiple weak supramolecular electrostatic interactions between cages, and the importance of solvent templating effects. The high density of mechanical bonds interlocking the MOCs endows the MOCs with mechanical and physical properties such as enhanced stability, responsive dynamic behavior and low solubility, which can unlock new functional properties. In this Minireview, we highlight the benefit of interlocking MOCs in the formation of PCs-MOCs structures as well as the synthetic approaches exploited in their preparation, from thermodynamic to kinetic methods, both in the solution and solid-states. Examples of PCs-MOCs self-assembled from various types of nanosized cages (i.e., tetrahedral, trigonal prismatic, octahedral and icosahedral) are described in this article, providing an overview of the research carried out in this area. The focus is on the structure-property relationship with examples of functional applications such as electron conductivity, X-ray attenuation, gas adsorption and molecular sensing. We believe that the structural and functional aspects of the reviewed PCs-MOCs will attract chemists in this research field with great potential as new functional materials in nanotechnological disciplines such as gas adsorption, sensing and photophysical properties such as X-ray attenuation or electron conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martí-Rujas
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy)
| | - Antonino Famulari
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy)
- INSTM Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, 50121, Florence, Italy
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4
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Tamaki K, Datta S, Hanayama H, Ganser C, Uchihashi T, Yagai S. Photoresponsive Supramolecular Polymers Capable of Intrachain Folding and Interchain Aggregation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22166-22171. [PMID: 39052847 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The competition between polymer chain folding and aggregation is a critical structuring process that determines the physical properties of synthetic and biopolymers. However, supramolecular polymer systems that exhibit both processes have not yet been reported. We herein introduce a system in which folded supramolecular polymers spontaneously undergo interchain aggregation due to a rearrangement in internal molecular order, converting them into crystalline aggregates. These folded supramolecular polymers slowly crystallize over the course of half a day, due to their characteristic higher-order structures. However, the photoisomerization of the trans-azobenzene incorporated into the monomer to the cis isomer leads to unfolding of the polymer, accelerating the intrachain and interchain molecular ordering to a few hours. The intermediate structures visualized by AFM demonstrate that the unfolding is coupled with interchain aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Tamaki
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Sougata Datta
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research (IAAR), Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hanayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Christian Ganser
- Department of Creative Research, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uchihashi
- Department of Creative Research, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shiki Yagai
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research (IAAR), Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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5
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Kadamannil NN, Jang D, Lee H, Kim JM, Jelinek R. Macrocyclic Diacetylene / Sulfonate Fluorophore Hierarchical Multifunctional Nanotoroids. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301286. [PMID: 38323693 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Functional supramolecular materials exhibit important features including structural versatility and versatile applications. Here, this study reports the construction of unique hierarchically organized nanotoroids exhibiting fluorescence, photocatalytic, and sensing properties. The nanotoroids comprise of macrocyclic diacetylenes (MCDA) and 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS), a negatively charged aromatic fluorescent dye. This study shows that the hierarchical structure of the nanotoroids consist of MCDA nanofibers formed by stacked diacetylene monomers as the basic units, which are further bent and aligned into toroidal organization by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with the ANS molecules. The amine moieties on the nanotoroids surface are employed for deposition of gold nanostructures - Au nanoparticles or Au nanosheets - which constitute effective platforms for photocatalysis and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nila Nandha Kadamannil
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Daewoong Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Haksu Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Jong-Man Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Raz Jelinek
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
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6
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Lim S, Cho Y, Kang JH, Hwang M, Park Y, Kwak SK, Jung SH, Jung JH. Metallosupramolecular Multiblock Copolymers of Lanthanide Complexes by Seeded Living Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18484-18497. [PMID: 38888168 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular block copolymers, derived via seeded living polymerization, are increasingly recognized for their rich structural and functional diversity, marking them as cutting-edge materials. The use of metal complexes in supramolecular block copolymerization not only offers a broad range of block copolymers through the structural similarity in the coordination geometry of the central metal ion but also controls spectroscopic properties, such as emission wavelength, emission strength, and fluorescence lifetime. However, the exploration of metallosupramolecular multiblock copolymerization based on metal complexes remains quite limited. In this work, we present a pioneering synthesis of metallosupramolecular multiblock copolymers utilizing Eu3+ and Tb3+ complexes as building blocks. This is achieved through the strategic manipulation of nonequilibrium self-assemblies via a living supramolecular polymerization approach. Our comprehensive exploration of both thermodynamically and kinetically regulated metallosupramolecular polymerizations, centered around Eu3+ and Tb3+ complexes with bisterpyridine-modified ligands containing R-alanine units and a long alkyl group, has highlighted intriguing behaviors. The monomeric [R-L1Eu(NO3)3] complex generates a spherical structure as the kinetic product. In contrast, the monomeric [R-L1Eu2(NO3)6] complex generates fiber aggregates as a thermodynamic product through intermolecular interactions such as π-π stacking, hydrophobic interaction, and H-bonds. Utilizing the Eu3+ complex, we successfully conducted seed-induced living polymerization of the monomeric building unit under kinetically regulated conditions. This yielded a metallosupramolecular polymer of precisely controlled length with minimal polydispersity. Moreover, by copolymerizing the kinetically confined Tb3+ complex state ("A" species) with a seed derived from the Eu3+ complex ("B" species), we were able to fabricate metallosupramolecular tri- and pentablock copolymers with A-B-A, and B-A-B-A-B types, respectively, through a seed-end chain-growth mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seola Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumi Cho
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hwan Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyeong Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumi Park
- Department of Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Kwak
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hwa Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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7
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Yang M, Chen S, Zhang Z, Cheng L, Zhao J, Bai R, Wang W, Gao W, Yu W, Jiang X, Yan X. Stimuli-responsive mechanically interlocked polymer wrinkles. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5760. [PMID: 38982046 PMCID: PMC11233622 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial wrinkles, especially those with responsive erasure/regeneration behaviors have gained extensive interest due to their potential in smart applications. However, current wrinkle modulation methods primarily rely on network rearrangement, causing bottlenecks in in situ wrinkle regeneration. Herein, we report a dually cross-linked network wherein [2]rotaxane cross-link can dissipate stress within the wrinkles through its sliding motion without disrupting the network, and quadruple H-bonding cross-link comparatively highlight the advantages of [2]rotaxane modulation. Acid stimulation dissociates quadruple H-bonding and destructs network, swiftly eliminating the wrinkles. However, the regeneration process necessitates network rearrangement, making in situ recovery unfeasible. By contrast, alkaline stimulation disrupts host-guest recognition, and subsequent intramolecular motion of [2]rotaxane dissipate energy to eliminate wrinkles gradually. The always intact network allows for the in situ recovery of surface microstructures. The responsive behaviors of quadruple H-bonding and mechanical bond are orthogonal, and their combination leads to wrinkles with multiple but accurate responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Zhaoming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Lin Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Ruixue Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Wenzhe Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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8
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Ariga K. Interface-Interactive Nanoarchitectonics: Solid and/or Liquid. Chemphyschem 2024:e202400596. [PMID: 38965042 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The methodology of nanoarchitectonics is to construct functional materials using nanounits such as atoms, molecules, and nanoobjects, just like architecting buildings. Nanoarchitectonics pursues the ultimate concept of materials science through the integration of related fields. In this review paper, under the title of interface-interactive nanoarchitectonics, several examples of structure fabrication and function development at interfaces will be discussed, highlighting the importance of architecting materials with nanoscale considerations. Two sections provide some examples at the solid and liquid surfaces. In solid interfacial environments, molecular structures can be precisely observed and analyzed with theoretical calculations. Solid surfaces are a prime site for nanoarchitectonics at the molecular level. Nanoarchitectonics of solid surfaces has the potential to pave the way for cutting-edge functionality and science based on advanced observation and analysis. Liquid surfaces are more kinetic and dynamic than solid interfaces, and their high fluidity offers many possibilities for structure fabrications by nanoarchitectonics. The latter feature has advantages in terms of freedom of interaction and diversity of components, therefore, liquid surfaces may be more suitable environments for the development of functionalities. The final section then discusses what is needed for the future of material creation in nanoarchitectonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Japan
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Ariga K. Liquid-Liquid and Liquid-Solid Interfacial Nanoarchitectonics. Molecules 2024; 29:3168. [PMID: 38999120 PMCID: PMC11243083 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale science is becoming increasingly important and prominent, and further development will necessitate integration with other material chemistries. In other words, it involves the construction of a methodology to build up materials based on nanoscale knowledge. This is also the beginning of the concept of post-nanotechnology. This role belongs to nanoarchitectonics, which has been rapidly developing in recent years. However, the scope of application of nanoarchitectonics is wide, and it is somewhat difficult to compile everything. Therefore, this review article will introduce the concepts of liquid and interface, which are the keywords for the organization of functional material systems in biological systems. The target interfaces are liquid-liquid interface, liquid-solid interface, and so on. Recent examples are summarized under the categories of molecular assembly, metal-organic framework and covalent organic framework, and living cell. In addition, the latest research on the liquid interfacial nanoarchitectonics of organic semiconductor film is also discussed. The final conclusive section summarizes these features and discusses the necessary components for the development of liquid interfacial nanoarchitectonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan;
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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10
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Kotha S, Sahu R, Chandrakant Yadav A, Bejagam KK, Reddy SK, Venkata Rao K. Pathway Selection in Temporal Evolution of Supramolecular Polymers of Ionic π-Systems: Amphiphilic Organic Solvent Dictates the Fate of Water. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303813. [PMID: 38648278 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding solvent-solute interactions is essential to designing and synthesising soft materials with tailor-made functions. Although the interaction of the solute with the solvent mixture is more complex than the single solvent medium, solvent mixtures are exciting to unfold several unforeseen phenomena in supramolecular chemistry. Here, we report two unforeseen pathways observed during the hierarchical assembly of cationic perylene diimides (cPDIs) in water and amphiphilic organic solvent (AOS) mixtures. When the aqueous supramolecular polymers (SPs) of cPDIs are injected into AOS, initially kinetically trapped short SPs are formed, which gradually transform into thermodynamically stable high aspect ratio SP networks. Using various experimental and theoretical investigations, we found that this temporal evolution follows two distinct pathways depending on the nature of the water-AOS interactions. If the AOS is isopropanol (IPA), water is released from cPDIs into bulk IPA due to strong hydrogen bonding interactions, which further decreases the monomer concentration of cPDIs (Pathway-1). In the case of dioxane AOS, cPDI monomer concentration further increases as water is retained among cPDIs (Pathway-2) due to relatively weak interactions between dioxane and water. Interestingly, these two pathways are accelerated by external stimuli such as heat and mechanical agitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinu Kotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India
| | - Rahul Sahu
- Centre for Computational and Data Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Aditya Chandrakant Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India
| | - Karteek K Bejagam
- Toyota Research Institute of North America, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48105, USA
| | - Sandeep K Reddy
- Centre for Computational and Data Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Kotagiri Venkata Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India
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11
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Das A, Ghosh S, Mishra A, Som A, Banakar VB, Agasti SS, George SJ. Enzymatic Reaction-Coupled, Cooperative Supramolecular Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14844-14855. [PMID: 38747446 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Nature employs sophisticated mechanisms to precisely regulate self-assembly and functions within biological systems, exemplified by the formation of cytoskeletal filaments. Various enzymatic reactions and auxiliary proteins couple with the self-assembly process, meticulously regulating the length and functions of resulting macromolecular structures. In this context, we present a bioinspired, reaction-coupled approach for the controlled supramolecular polymerization in synthetic systems. To achieve this, we employ an enzymatic reaction that interfaces with the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-templated supramolecular polymerization of naphthalene diimide monomers (NSG). Notably, the enzymatic production of ATP (template) plays a pivotal role in facilitating reaction-controlled, cooperative growth of the NSG monomers. This growth process, in turn, provides positive feedback to the enzymatic production of ATP, creating an ideal reaction-coupled assembly process. The success of this approach is further evident in the living-growth characteristic observed during seeding experiments, marking this method as the pioneering instance where reaction-coupled self-assembly precisely controls the growth kinetics and structural aspects of supramolecular polymers in a predictive manner, akin to biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angshuman Das
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Saikat Ghosh
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Ananya Mishra
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Arka Som
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Vijay Basavaraj Banakar
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Sarit S Agasti
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Subi J George
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
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Patra S, Chandrabhas S, Dhiman S, George SJ. Controlled Supramolecular Polymerization via Bioinspired, Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Monomers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12577-12586. [PMID: 38683934 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic supramolecular assemblies, driven by noncovalent interactions, pervade the biological realm. In the synthetic domain, their counterparts, supramolecular polymers, endowed with remarkable self-repair and adaptive traits, are often realized through bioinspired designs. Recently, controlled supramolecular polymerization strategies have emerged, drawing inspiration from protein self-assembly. A burgeoning area of research involves mimicking the liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) observed in proteins to create coacervate droplets and recognizing their significance in cellular organization and diverse functions. Herein, we introduce a novel perspective on synthetic coacervates, extending beyond their established role in synthetic biology as dynamic, membraneless phases to enable structural control in synthetic supramolecular polymers. Drawing parallels with the cooperative growth of amyloid fibrils through LLPS, we present metastable coacervate droplets as dormant monomer phases for controlled supramolecular polymerization. This is achieved via a π-conjugated monomer design that combines structural characteristics for both coacervation through its terminal ionic groups and one-dimensional growth via a π-conjugated core. This design leads to a unique temporal LLPS, resulting in a metastable coacervate phase, which subsequently undergoes one-dimensional growth via nucleation within the droplets. In-depth spectroscopic and microscopic characterization provides insights into the temporal evolution of disordered and ordered phases. Furthermore, to modulate the kinetics of liquid-to-solid transformation and to achieve precise control over the structural characteristics of the resulting supramolecular polymers, we invoke seeding in the droplets, showcasing living growth characteristics. Our work thus opens up new avenues in the exciting field of supramolecular polymerization, offering general design principles and controlled synthesis of precision self-assembled structures in confined environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Patra
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Sushmitha Chandrabhas
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Shikha Dhiman
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Subi J George
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
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13
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Ariga K, Song J, Kawakami K. Molecular machines working at interfaces: physics, chemistry, evolution and nanoarchitectonics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:13532-13560. [PMID: 38654597 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00724g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
As a post-nanotechnology concept, nanoarchitectonics combines nanotechnology with advanced materials science. Molecular machines made by assembling molecular units and their organizational bodies are also products of nanoarchitectonics. They can be regarded as the smallest functional materials. Originally, studies on molecular machines analyzed the average properties of objects dispersed in solution by spectroscopic methods. Researchers' playgrounds partially shifted to solid interfaces, because high-resolution observation of molecular machines is usually done on solid interfaces under high vacuum and cryogenic conditions. Additionally, to ensure the practical applicability of molecular machines, operation under ambient conditions is necessary. The latter conditions are met in dynamic interfacial environments such as the surface of water at room temperature. According to these backgrounds, this review summarizes the trends of molecular machines that continue to evolve under the concept of nanoarchitectonics in interfacial environments. Some recent examples of molecular machines in solution are briefly introduced first, which is followed by an overview of studies of molecular machines and similar supramolecular structures in various interfacial environments. The interfacial environments are classified into (i) solid interfaces, (ii) liquid interfaces, and (iii) various material and biological interfaces. Molecular machines are expanding their activities from the static environment of a solid interface to the more dynamic environment of a liquid interface. Molecular machines change their field of activity while maintaining their basic functions and induce the accumulation of individual molecular machines into macroscopic physical properties molecular machines through macroscopic mechanical motions can be employed to control molecular machines. Moreover, research on molecular machines is not limited to solid and liquid interfaces; interfaces with living organisms are also crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - Jingwen Song
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kohsaku Kawakami
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Ibaraki, Japan
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14
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Kotha S, Sahu R, Yadav AC, Sharma P, Kumar BVVSP, Reddy SK, Rao KV. Noncovalent synthesis of homo and hetero-architectures of supramolecular polymers via secondary nucleation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3672. [PMID: 38693145 PMCID: PMC11063220 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47874-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of supramolecular polymers with controlled architecture is a grand challenge in supramolecular chemistry. Although living supramolecular polymerization via primary nucleation has been extensively studied for controlling the supramolecular polymerization of small molecules, the resulting supramolecular polymers have typically exhibited one-dimensional morphology. In this report, we present the synthesis of intriguing supramolecular polymer architectures through a secondary nucleation event, a mechanism well-established in protein aggregation and the crystallization of small molecules. To achieve this, we choose perylene diimide with 2-ethylhexyl chains at the imide position as they are capable of forming dormant monomers in solution. Activating these dormant monomers via mechanical stimuli and hetero-seeding using propoxyethyl perylene diimide seeds, secondary nucleation event takes over, leading to the formation of three-dimensional spherical spherulites and scarf-like supramolecular polymer heterostructures, respectively. Therefore, the results presented in this study propose a simple molecular design for synthesizing well-defined supramolecular polymer architectures via secondary nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinu Kotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India
| | - Rahul Sahu
- Centre for Computational and Data Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Aditya Chandrakant Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India
| | - Preeti Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - B V V S Pavan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sandeep K Reddy
- Centre for Computational and Data Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Kotagiri Venkata Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India.
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15
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Mizoshita N, Yamada Y, Masuoka Y. Self-Assembled Molecular Fibers Aligned by Compression in Water. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402570. [PMID: 38682735 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly has attracted much attention as a potential approach for fabricating nanostructured functional materials. To date, energy-efficient fabrication of nano-objects such as nanofibers, nanorings, and nanotubes is achieved using well-designed self-assembling molecules. However, the application of molecular self-assembly to industrial manufacturing processes remains challenging because regulating the positions and directions of self-assembled products is difficult. Non-covalent molecular assemblies are also too fragile to allow mechanical handling. The present work demonstrates the macroscopic alignment of self-assembled molecular fibers using compression. Specifically, the macroscopic bundling of self-assembled nanofibers is achieved following dispersion in water. These fiber bundles can also be chemically crosslinked without drastic changes in morphology via trialkoxysilyl groups. Subsequently, vertically oriented porous membranes can be produced rapidly by slicing the bundles. This technique is expected to be applicable to various functional self-assembled fibers and can lead to the development of innovative methods of producing anisotropic nanostructured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuri Yamada
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1192, Japan
| | - Yumi Masuoka
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1192, Japan
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16
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Caraglio M, Micheletti C, Orlandini E. Unraveling the Influence of Topology and Spatial Confinement on Equilibrium and Relaxation Properties of Interlocked Ring Polymers. Macromolecules 2024; 57:3223-3233. [PMID: 38616813 PMCID: PMC11008367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c02203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
We use Langevin dynamics simulations to study linked ring polymers in channel confinement. We address the in- and out-of-equilibrium behavior of the systems for varying degrees of confinement and increasing topological and geometrical complexity of the interlocking. The main findings are three. First, metric observables of different link topologies collapse onto the same master curve when plotted against the crossing number, revealing a universal response to confinement. Second, the relaxation process from initially stretched states is faster for more complex links. We ascribe these properties to the interplay of several effects, including the dependence of topological friction on the link complexity. Finally, we show that transient forms of geometrical entanglement purposely added to the initial stressed state can leave distinctive signatures in force-spectroscopy curves. The insight provided by the findings could be leveraged in single-molecule nanochannel experiments to identify geometric entanglement within topologically linked rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Caraglio
- Institut
für Theoretische Physik, Universität
Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 21A, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Cristian Micheletti
- Scuola
Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati—SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, Trieste 34136, Italy
| | - Enzo Orlandini
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Padova, Via Marzolo 8, Padova I-35100, Italy
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17
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Farimani RA, Ahmadian Dehaghani Z, Likos CN, Ejtehadi MR. Effects of Linking Topology on the Shear Response of Connected Ring Polymers: Catenanes and Bonded Rings Flow Differently. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:148101. [PMID: 38640389 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.148101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
We perform computer simulations of mechanically linked (poly[2]catenanes, PC) and chemically bonded (bonded rings, BR) pairs of self-avoiding ring polymers in steady shear. We find that BRs develop a novel motif, termed gradient tumbling, rotating around the gradient axis. For the PCs the rings are stretched and display another new pattern, termed slip tumbling. The dynamics of BRs is continuous and oscillatory, whereas that of PCs is intermittent between slip-tumbling attempts. Our findings demonstrate the interplay between topology and hydrodynamics in dilute solutions of connected polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh A Farimani
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Christos N Likos
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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18
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Pan H, Hou B, Jiang Y, Liu M, Ren XK, Chen Z. Control of Kinetic Pathways toward Supramolecular Chiral Polymorphs for Tunable Circularly Polarized Luminescence. Chemistry 2024:e202400899. [PMID: 38576216 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
An amphiphilic aza-BODIPY dye (S)-1 bearing two chiral hydrophilic side chains with S-stereogenic centers was synthesized. This dye exhibited kinetic-controlled self-assembly pathways and supramolecular chiral polymorphism properties in MeOH/H2O (9/1, v/v) mixed solvent. The (S)-1 monomers first aggregated into a kinetic controlled, off-pathway species Agg. A, which was spontaneously transformed into an on-pathway metastable aggregate (Agg. B) and subsequently into the thermodynamic Agg. C. The three aggregate polymorphs of dye (S)-1 displayed distinct optical properties and nanomorphologies. In particular, chiral J-aggregation characteristics were observed for both Agg. B and Agg. C, such as Davydov-split absorption bands (Agg. B), extremely sharp and intense J-band with large bathochromic shift (Agg. C), non-diminished fluorescence upon aggregation, as well as strong bisignated Cotton effects. Moreover, the AFM and TEM studies revealed that Agg. A had the morphology of nanoparticle while fibril or rod-like helical nanostructures with left-handedness were observed respectively for Agg. B and Agg. C. By controlling the kinetic transformation process from Agg. B to Agg. C, thin films consisting of Agg. B and Agg. C with different ratios were prepared, which displayed tunable CPL with emission maxima at 788-805 nm and g-factors between -4.2×10-2 and -5.1×10-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Pan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Baokai Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiang-Kui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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19
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Liu H, Hu Z, Ji X. Characterization by Gel Permeation Chromatography of the Molecular Weight of Supramolecular Polymers Generated by Forming Polyrotaxanes through the Introduction of External Stoppers. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400099. [PMID: 38212246 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers find wide applications across diverse domains, and the molecular weight exerts a critical influence on their applicability. Consequently, the measurement of molecular weight for supramolecular polymers assumes paramount significance. Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) requiring low-concentration condition is a common characterization employed for molecular weight determination, which is not suitable for supramolecular polymers possessing concentration-independence property. Here, to break this threshold, we synthesized M1 embodying dibenzo-24-crown-8 (DB24C8) moiety as well as dibenzylammonium salt (DBA) group, which was capable of self-assembling into supramolecular polymers terminated with aldehyde groups at its end. Upon the addition of (4- (1,2,2-Triphenylvinyl) phenyl) methylamine (TPE-NH2), supramolecular polymers underwent a transition into polyrotaxanes, for which it was led by the generation of imine bonds. By virtue of GPC, the molecular weight of polyrotaxanes was obtained, then it was available to gain the molecular weight of supramolecular polymers with the help of transformation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Ziqing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
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20
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Zhang F, Shen Z, Sui K, Liu M. Disassembly of spherical structures into nanohelices by good solvent dilution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 657:853-857. [PMID: 38091908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly of low molecular weight molecules into various organic nanostructures has attracted considerable research interest. However, preparing organic nanostructures through a top-down method, such as the disassembly of one large structure into many smaller nanoscale nanostructures, still remains a big challenge. Here, we make use of anti-solvent method to regulate the hierarchical self-assembly of an achiral C3-symmetric molecule in THF/water to prepare various nanostructures, including spherical structures, nanofibers, nanoribbons and nanotwists. Interestingly, the spherical structures could disassemble into nanohelices through good solvent dilution, providing a nanoscale top-down method to prepare organic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Zhaocun Shen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Kunyan Sui
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
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21
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Ariga K, Song J, Kawakami K. Layer-by-layer designer nanoarchitectonics for physical and chemical communications in functional materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2152-2167. [PMID: 38291864 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04952c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Nanoarchitectonics, as a post-nanotechnology concept, constructs functional materials and structures using nanounits of atoms, molecules, and nanomaterials as materials. With the concept of nanoarchitectonics, asymmetric structures, and hierarchical organization, rather than mere assembly and organization of structures, can be produced, where rational physical and chemical communications will lead to the development of more advanced functional materials. Layer-by-layer assembly can be a powerful tool for this purpose, as exemplified in this feature paper. This feature article explores the possibility of constructing advanced functional systems based on recent examples of layer-by-layer assembly. We will illustrate both the development of more basic methods and more advanced nanoarchitectonics systems aiming towards practical applications. Specifically, the following sections will provide examples of (i) advancement in basics and methods, (ii) physico-chemical aspects and applications, (iii) bio-chemical aspects and applications, and (iv) bio-medical applications. It can be concluded that materials nanoarchitectonics based on layer-by-layer assembly is a useful method for assembling asymmetric structures and hierarchical organization, and is a powerful technique for developing functions through physical and chemical communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - Jingwen Song
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kohsaku Kawakami
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Ibaraki, Japan
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22
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Ariga K. Confined Space Nanoarchitectonics for Dynamic Functions and Molecular Machines. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:282. [PMID: 38399010 PMCID: PMC10892885 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has advanced the techniques for elucidating phenomena at the atomic, molecular, and nano-level. As a post nanotechnology concept, nanoarchitectonics has emerged to create functional materials from unit structures. Consider the material function when nanoarchitectonics enables the design of materials whose internal structure is controlled at the nanometer level. Material function is determined by two elements. These are the functional unit that forms the core of the function and the environment (matrix) that surrounds it. This review paper discusses the nanoarchitectonics of confined space, which is a field for controlling functional materials and molecular machines. The first few sections introduce some of the various dynamic functions in confined spaces, considering molecular space, materials space, and biospace. In the latter two sections, examples of research on the behavior of molecular machines, such as molecular motors, in confined spaces are discussed. In particular, surface space and internal nanospace are taken up as typical examples of confined space. What these examples show is that not only the central functional unit, but also the surrounding spatial configuration is necessary for higher functional expression. Nanoarchitectonics will play important roles in the architecture of such a total system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan;
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
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23
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Otsuka C, Imai S, Ohkubo T, Yagai S. Toroid-rod supramolecular polymorphism derived from conformational isomerism of a π-conjugated system. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1108-1111. [PMID: 38168679 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05492f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen-bonded supermacrocycles (rosettes) composed of dinaphthylethene π-conjugated systems show unique supramolecular polymorphism affording nanorings and nanorods via kinetically controlled self-assembly. Molecular modeling and molecular dynamics simulations proposed that conformational isomerism of the π-conjugated systems leads to planar and convex rosette geometries, which results in their distinct stacking arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Otsuka
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Saki Imai
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ohkubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Shiki Yagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research (IAAR), Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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24
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Takahashi S, Matsumoto T, Hollamby MJ, Miyasaka H, Vacha M, Sotome H, Yagai S. Impact of Ring-Closing on the Photophysical Properties of One-Dimensional π-Conjugated Molecular Aggregate. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2089-2101. [PMID: 38163763 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The self-assembled state of molecules plays a pivotal role in determining how inherent molecular properties transform and give rise to supramolecular functionalities and has long attracted attention. However, understanding the influence of morphologies spanning the nano- to mesoscopic scales of supramolecular assemblies derived from identical intermolecular interactions has been notoriously challenging due to dynamic structural change and monomer exchange of assemblies in solution. In this study, we demonstrate that curved one-dimensional molecular assemblies (supramolecular polymers) of lengths of around 70-200 nm, originating from the same luminescent molecule, exhibit distinct photoluminescent properties when they form closed circular structures (toroids) versus when they possess chain termini in solution (random coils). By exploiting the difference in kinetic stability between the toroids and random coils, we developed a dialysis protocol to selectively purify the former. It was revealed that these terminus-free closed structures manifest higher energy and more efficient luminescence compared with their mixed state with random coils. Time-resolved fluorescence measurements unveiled that random coils, due to their dynamic structural fluctuation in solution, generate local defects throughout the main chain, leading to luminescence from lower energy levels. In mixtures of the two assemblies, luminescence was exclusively observed from such a lower energy level of random coils, a result attributed to energy transfer between the assemblies. This work emphasizes that for identical supramolecular assemblies, only averaged properties have traditionally been considered, but their structures at the nano- to mesoscopic scale are important especially if they have a certain degree of shape persistency even in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Takahashi
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takuma Matsumoto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12 Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Martin J Hollamby
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST55BG, U.K
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Martin Vacha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12 Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Hikaru Sotome
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shiki Yagai
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research (IAAR), Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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25
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Ariga K. Materials Nanoarchitectonics at Dynamic Interfaces: Structure Formation and Functional Manipulation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:271. [PMID: 38204123 PMCID: PMC10780059 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The next step in nanotechnology is to establish a methodology to assemble new functional materials based on the knowledge of nanotechnology. This task is undertaken by nanoarchitectonics. In nanoarchitectonics, we architect functional material systems from nanounits such as atoms, molecules, and nanomaterials. In terms of the hierarchy of the structure and the harmonization of the function, the material created by nanoarchitectonics has similar characteristics to the organization of the functional structure in biosystems. Looking at actual biofunctional systems, dynamic properties and interfacial environments are key. In other words, nanoarchitectonics at dynamic interfaces is important for the production of bio-like highly functional materials systems. In this review paper, nanoarchitectonics at dynamic interfaces will be discussed, looking at recent typical examples. In particular, the basic topics of "molecular manipulation, arrangement, and assembly" and "material production" will be discussed in the first two sections. Then, in the following section, "fullerene assembly: from zero-dimensional unit to advanced materials", we will discuss how various functional structures can be created from the very basic nanounit, the fullerene. The above examples demonstrate the versatile possibilities of architectonics at dynamic interfaces. In the last section, these tendencies will be summarized, and future directions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan;
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8561, Chiba, Japan
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26
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Lu Y, Gao J, Ren Y, Ding Y, Jia L. Synergetic Self-Assembly of Liquid Crystalline Block Copolymer with Amphiphiles for Fabrication of Hierarchical Assemblies. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304955. [PMID: 37649168 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Novel functions and advanced structure, where each single component could not be produced individually, can exhibit from the collective and synergistic behavior of component systems. This synergetic strategy has been successfully demonstrated for co-assembly of polymer-polymer to construct hierarchical nanomaterials. However, differences in the natures of polymer and small molecules impose challenges in the construction of sophisticated co-assemblies with geometrical and compositional control. Herein, a synergetic self-assembly strategy is proposed to prepare organic-organic hybrid colloidal mesostructures by blending a liquid crystalline block copolymer (LC-BCP) with small molecular amphiphiles. Through a classic solvent-exchange process, amphiphiles embedded with LC-BCP realize multi-component nucleation and hierarchical assembly driven by anisotropic interaction from the LC ordering alignment of the core-forming block. 1D nanofibers with a periodic striped structure are formed by further LC component fusion and refinement. In addition, LC ordering effect of LC-BCP can be regulated by selecting appropriate solvents and leads to the formation of vesicular co-micelles. By means of the thermal-responsive behavior of amphiphiles, hexagonal pore arrays are finally generated on the surface of those vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lu
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Juanjuan Gao
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yangge Ren
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Lin Jia
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai, 200444, China
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27
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Chen Y, Wan Q, Shi Y, Tang B, Che CM, Liu C. Three-Component Multiblock 1D Supramolecular Copolymers of Ir(III) Complexes with Controllable Sequences. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312844. [PMID: 37905561 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent supramolecular block copolymers (BCPs) have attracted much attention due to their potential functionalities, but examples of three-component supramolecular BCPs are rare. Herein, we report the synthesis of three-component multiblock 1D supramolecular copolymers of Ir(III) complexes 1-3 by a sequential seeded supramolecular polymerization approach. Precise control over the kinetically trapped species via the pathway complexity of the monomers is the key to the successful synthesis of BCPs with up to 9 blocks. Furthermore, 5-block BCPs with different sequences could be synthesized by changing the addition order of the kinetic species during a sequentially seeded process. The corresponding heterogeneous nucleation-elongation process has been confirmed by the UV/Vis absorption spectra, and each segment of the multiblock copolymers could be characterized by both TEM and SEM. Interestingly, the energy transfer leads to weakened emission of 1-terminated and enhanced emission of 3-terminated BCPs. This study will be an important step in advancing the synthesis and properties of three-component BCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Qingyun Wan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yusheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Bingtao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, China
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28
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Zhang YW, Lu Y, Sun LY, Dutschke PD, Gan MM, Zhang L, Hepp A, Han YF, Hahn FE. Unravelling the Roles of Solvophobic Effects and π⋅⋅⋅π Stacking Interactions in the Formation of [2]Catenanes Featuring Di-(N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Building Blocks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312323. [PMID: 37819869 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of [2]catenanes has been prepared from di-NHC building blocks by utilizing solvophobic effects and/or π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions. The dinickel naphthobiscarbene complex syn-[1] and the kinked biphenyl-bridged bipyridyl ligand L2 yield the [2]catenane [2-IL](OTf)4 by self-assembly. Solvophobic effects are pivotal for the formation of the interlocked species. Substitution of the biphenyl-linker in L2 for a pyromellitic diimide group gave ligand L3 , which yielded in combination with syn-[1] the [2]catenane [3-IL](OTf)4 . This assembly exhibits enhanced stability in diluted solution, aided by additional π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions. The π⋅⋅⋅π stacking was augmented by the introduction of a pyrene bridge between two NHC donors in ligand L4 . Di-NHC precursor H2 -L4 (PF6 )2 reacts with Ag2 O to give the [Ag2 L4 2 ]2 [2]catenane [4-IL](PF6 )4 , which shows strong π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions between the pyrene groups. This assembly was readily converted into the [Au2 L4 2 ]2 gold species [5-IL](PF6 )4 , which exhibits exceptional stability based on the strong π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions and the enhanced stability of the Au-CNHC bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Zhang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ye Lu
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, China, 200234
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Patrick D Dutschke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ming-Ming Gan
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Le Zhang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - F Ekkehardt Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
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29
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Liu J, Wu M, Wu L, Liang Y, Tang ZB, Jiang L, Bian L, Liang K, Zheng X, Liu Z. Infinite Twisted Polycatenanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314481. [PMID: 37794215 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Poly[n]catenanes have exceptional mechanical bonding properties that give them tremendous potential for use in the development of molecular machines and soft materials. Synthesizing these compounds has, however, proven to be a formidable challenge. Herein, we describe a concise method for the construction of twisted polycatenanes. Our approach involves using preorganized double helicates as templates, linked crosswise in a linear fashion by either silver ions or triple bonds. By using this approach, we successfully synthesized twisted polycatenanes with both coordination and covalent bonding employing Ag(I) ions and ethynylene units, respectively, as the linkages and leveraging the same Ag(I)-templated double helicate in both cases. Synthesis with Ag(I) ions formed a single-crystalline one-dimensional (1D) coordination poly[n]catenane, and synthesis using ethynylene units generated 1D fibers which self-assembled with solvents to form a gel. Our results confirm the potential of multi-stranded metallohelicates for creating sophisticated mechanically interlocked molecules and polymers, which could pave the way for exploration in the realms of molecular nanotopology and materials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, School of Engineering, and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Mengqi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, School of Engineering, and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, School of Engineering, and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Yimin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, School of Engineering, and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Zheng-Bin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, School of Engineering, and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Liang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, School of Engineering, and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Lifang Bian
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, School of Engineering, and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Kejiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, School of Engineering, and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Xiaorui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, School of Engineering, and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Zhichang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, School of Engineering, and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
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30
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Abstract
As an active branch within the field of supramolecular polymers, chiral supramolecular polymers (SPs) are an excellent benchmark to generate helical structures that can clarify the origin of homochirality in Nature or help determine new exciting functionalities of organic materials. Herein, we highlight the most utilized strategies to build up chiral SPs by using chiral monomeric units or external stimuli. Selected examples of transfer of asymmetry, in which the point or axial chirality contained by the monomeric units is efficiently transferred to the supramolecular scaffold yielding enantioenriched helical structures, will be presented. The importance of the thermodynamics and kinetics associated with those processes is stressed, especially the influence that parameters such as the helix reversal and mismatch penalties exert on the achievement of amplification of asymmetry in co-assembled systems will also be considered. Remarkable examples of breaking symmetry, in which chiral supramolecular polymers can be attained from achiral self-assembling units by applying external stimuli like stirring, solvent or light, are highlighted. Finally, the specific and promising applications of chiral supramolecular polymers are presented with recent relevant examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
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31
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Otsuka C, Takahashi S, Isobe A, Saito T, Aizawa T, Tsuchida R, Yamashita S, Harano K, Hanayama H, Shimizu N, Takagi H, Haruki R, Liu L, Hollamby MJ, Ohkubo T, Yagai S. Supramolecular Polymer Polymorphism: Spontaneous Helix-Helicoid Transition through Dislocation of Hydrogen-Bonded π-Rosettes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22563-22576. [PMID: 37796243 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphism, a phenomenon whereby disparate self-assembled products can be formed from identical molecules, has incited interest in the field of supramolecular polymers. Conventionally, the monomers that constitute supramolecular polymers are engineered to facilitate one-dimensional aggregation and, consequently, their polymorphism surfaces primarily when the states of assembly differ significantly. This engenders polymorphs of divergent dimensionalities such as one- and two-dimensional aggregates. Notwithstanding, realizing supramolecular polymer polymorphism, wherein polymorphs maintain one-dimensional aggregation, persists as a daunting challenge. In this work, we expound upon the manifestation of two supramolecular polymer polymorphs formed from a large discotic supramolecular monomer (rosette), which consists of six hydrogen-bonded molecules with an extended π-conjugated core. These polymorphs are generated in mixtures of chloroform and methylcyclohexane, attributable to distinctly different disc stacking arrangements. The face-to-face (minimal displacement) and offset (large displacement) stacking arrangements can be predicated on their distinctive photophysical properties. The face-to-face stacking results in a twisted helix structure. Conversely, the offset stacking induces inherent curvature in the supramolecular fiber, thereby culminating in a hollow helical coil (helicoid). While both polymorphs exhibit bistability in nonpolar solvent compositions, the face-to-face stacking attains stability purely in a kinetic sense within a polar solvent composition and undergoes conversion into offset stacking through a dislocation of stacked rosettes. This occurs without the dissociation and nucleation of monomers, leading to unprecedented helicoidal folding of supramolecular polymers. Our findings augment our understanding of supramolecular polymer polymorphism, but they also highlight a distinctive method for achieving helicoidal folding in supramolecular polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Otsuka
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Sho Takahashi
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Atsushi Isobe
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takuho Saito
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takumi Aizawa
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Ryoma Tsuchida
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamashita
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Koji Harano
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hanayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shimizu
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takagi
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Rie Haruki
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Luzhi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Martin J Hollamby
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST55BG, U.K
| | - Takahiro Ohkubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shiki Yagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research (IAAR), Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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32
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Sarkar S, Laishram R, Deb D, George SJ. Controlled Noncovalent Synthesis of Secondary Supramolecular Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22009-22018. [PMID: 37754784 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic supramolecular polymers, with their functional similarities to classical covalent polymers and their adaptive and self-repairing nature reminiscent of biological assemblies, have emerged as highly promising systems for the design of smart soft materials. Recent advancements in mechanistic investigations and novel synthetic strategies, such as living supramolecular polymerization, have significantly enhanced our ability to control the primary structure of these supramolecular polymers. However, realizing their full functional potential requires expanding their topological diversity in a manner akin to classical polymers as well as achieving precise molecular organization at higher hierarchical levels of self-assembly. In this paper, we present a remarkable advancement in this field, introducing an unprecedented and controlled synthesis of secondary supramolecular polymers. Our innovative strategy combines chirality-controlled surface-catalyzed secondary nucleation and a bioinspired peptide design, effectively stabilizing higher-order assembly. Furthermore, by harnessing this stereoselective nucleation process, we demonstrate the successful synthesis of racemic supramolecular polymers featuring parallelly stacked conglomerate microstructures─a previously unreported topology in synthetic self-assembled systems. Additionally, we elucidate that the extent of secondary supramolecular polymers can be regulated by modulating the enantiomeric excess of the chiral monomers. Consequently, our study unveils new topologies that exhibit enhanced higher-order structural complexity in the realm of supramolecular polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Sarkar
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Raju Laishram
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Darshana Deb
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Subi J George
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
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33
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Wang F, Liao R, Wang F. Pathway Control of π-Conjugated Supramolecular Polymers by Incorporating Donor-Acceptor Functionality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305827. [PMID: 37431813 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the nanoscale orientation of π-conjugated systems remains challenging due to the complexity of multiple energy landscapes involved in the supramolecular assembly process. In this study, we have developed an effective strategy for programming the pathways of π-conjugated supramolecular polymers, by incorporating both electron-rich methoxy- or methanthiol-benzene as donor unit and electron-poor cyano-vinylenes as acceptor units on the monomeric structure. It leads to the formation of parallel-stacked supramolecular polymers as the metastable species through homomeric donor/acceptor packing, which convert to slip-stacked supramolecular polymers as the thermodynamically stable species facilitated by heteromeric donor-acceptor packing. By further investigating the external seed-induced kinetic-to-thermodynamic transformation behaviors, our findings suggest that the donor-acceptor functionality on the seed structure is crucial for accelerating pathway conversion. This is achieved by eliminating the initial lag phase in the supramolecular polymerization process. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into designing molecular structures that control aggregation pathways of π-conjugated nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Rui Liao
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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34
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Wagh MA, Shinde DR, Gamidi RK, Sanjayan GJ. 2-Amino-5-methylene-pyrimidine-4,6-dione-based Janus G-C nucleobase as a versatile building block for self-assembly. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6914-6918. [PMID: 37593940 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01174g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
This communication reports a nature-inspired Janus G-C nucleobase featuring two recognition sites: DDA (G mimic) and DAA (C mimic), which is capable of forming a linear tape-like supramolecular polymer structure. As demonstrated herein, the amino group of this self-assembling system can be further modified to yield a highly stable quadruple H-bonding system as well as a masked self-assembling system cleavable upon exposure to light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra A Wagh
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201002, India
| | - Dinesh R Shinde
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201002, India
| | - Rama Krishna Gamidi
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Gangadhar J Sanjayan
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201002, India
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35
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Ariga K. Liquid-Liquid Interfacial Nanoarchitectonics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2305636. [PMID: 37641176 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Science in the small world has become a crucial key that has the potential to revolutionize materials technology. This trend is embodied in the postnanotechnology concept of nanoarchitectonics. The goal of nanoarchitectonics is to create bio-like functional structures, in which self-organized and hierarchical structures are working efficiently. Liquid-liquid interface like environments such as cell membrane surface are indispensable for the expression of biological functions through the accumulation and organization of functional materials. From this viewpoint, it is necessary to reconsider the liquid-liquid interface as a medium where nanoarchitectonics can play an active role. In this review, liquid-liquid interfacial nanoarchitectonics is classified by component materials such as organic, inorganic, carbon, and bio, and recent research examples are discussed. Examples discussed in this paper include molecular aggregates, supramolecular polymers, conductive polymers film, crystal-like capsules, block copolymer assemblies, covalent organic framework (COF) films, complex crystals, inorganic nanosheets, colloidosomes, fullerene assemblies, all-carbon π-conjugated graphite nanosheets, carbon nanoskins and fullerphene thin films at liquid-liquid interfaces. Furthermore, at the liquid-liquid interface using perfluorocarbons and aqueous phases, cell differentiation controls are discussed with the self-assembled structure of biomaterials. The significance of liquid-liquid interfacial nanoarchitectonics in the future development of materials will then be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha Kashiwa, Tokyo, 277-8561, Japan
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36
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Woods JF, Gallego L, Maisch A, Renggli D, Cuocci C, Blacque O, Steinfeld G, Kaech A, Spingler B, Vargas Jentzsch A, Rickhaus M. Saddles as rotational locks within shape-assisted self-assembled nanosheets. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4725. [PMID: 37550281 PMCID: PMC10406840 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are a key target for many applications in the modern day. Self-assembly is one approach that can bring us closer to this goal, which usually relies upon strong, directional interactions instead of covalent bonds. Control over less directional forces is more challenging and usually does not result in as well-defined materials. Explicitly incorporating topography into the design as a guiding effect to enhance the interacting forces can help to form highly ordered structures. Herein, we show the process of shape-assisted self-assembly to be consistent across a range of derivatives that highlights the restriction of rotational motion and is verified using a diverse combination of solid state analyses. A molecular curvature governed angle distribution nurtures monomers into loose columns that then arrange to form 2D structures with long-range order observed in both crystalline and soft materials. These features strengthen the idea that shape becomes an important design principle leading towards precise molecular self-assembly and the inception of new materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Woods
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucía Gallego
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amira Maisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Renggli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corrado Cuocci
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Andres Kaech
- Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Vargas Jentzsch
- SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Rickhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Min F, Zhang ZY, Qu Z, Gao J, Shi X, Long H, Li Y, Chen S, Dong D, Yi Y, Jiang L, Yang J, Li T, Qiao Y, Song Y. Humidity-Controlled Molecular Assembly and Photoisomerization Behavior with a Bubble-Assisted Patterning Approach. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301362. [PMID: 37170715 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Precise control of molecular assembly is of great significance in the application of functional molecules. This work has systematically investigated the humidity effect in bubble-assisted molecular assembly. This work finds humidity is critical in the evolution of the soft confined space, leading to the formation of microscale liquid confined space under high humidity, and nanoscale liquid confined space under low humidity. It is also revealed that the differences in surface wettability and adhesion play the key role. Consequently, a flat pattern with thermodynamically favorable ordered structure and a sharp pattern with dynamically favorable disordered structure are achieved, which show different solid-state photoisomerization behaviors and photoresponsiveness. Interestingly, conductivity of sharp pattern with disordered structure is higher than that of flat pattern with layered ordered structure due to electronic transport mechanism of different spatial dimensions. This work opens a new way for manipulating the molecular self-assembly to control the morphology and function of molecular patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyi Min
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Long
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Dongfang Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Juehan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yali Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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38
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Sasaki N, Kikkawa J, Ishii Y, Uchihashi T, Imamura H, Takeuchi M, Sugiyasu K. Multistep, site-selective noncovalent synthesis of two-dimensional block supramolecular polymers. Nat Chem 2023:10.1038/s41557-023-01216-y. [PMID: 37264101 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although the principles of noncovalent bonding are well understood and form the basis for the syntheses of many intricate supramolecular structures, supramolecular noncovalent synthesis cannot yet achieve the levels of precision and complexity that are attainable in organic and/or macromolecular covalent synthesis. Here we show the stepwise synthesis of block supramolecular polymers from metal-porphyrin derivatives (in which the metal centre is Zn, Cu or Ni) functionalized with fluorinated alkyl chains. These monomers first undergo a one-dimensional supramolecular polymerization and cyclization process to form a toroidal structure. Subsequently, successive secondary nucleation, elongation and cyclization steps result in two-dimensional assemblies with concentric toroidal morphologies. The site selectivity endowed by the fluorinated chains, reminiscent of regioselectivity in covalent synthesis, enables the precise control of the compositions and sequences of the supramolecular structures, as demonstrated by the synthesis of several triblock supramolecular terpolymers.
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Grants
- JP22H02134 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 20H04682 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- JP19K05592 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 20H04669 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- JP20H05868 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Sasaki
- Molecular Design and Function Group, Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jun Kikkawa
- Electron Microscopy Group, Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ishii
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Hitomi Imamura
- Molecular Design and Function Group, Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- Molecular Design and Function Group, Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sugiyasu
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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39
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Guo Y, Liu Y, Zhao X, Zhao J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Guo Z, Yan X. Synergistic Covalent-and-Supramolecular Polymers with an Interwoven Topology. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:25161-25172. [PMID: 35894294 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Network topologies, especially some high-order topologies, are able to furnish cross-linked polymer materials with enhanced properties without altering their chemical composition. However, the fabrication of such topologically intriguing architectures at the macromolecular level and in-depth insights into their structure-property relationship remain a significant challenge. Herein, we relied on synergistic covalent-and-supramolecular polymers (CSPs) as a platform to prepare a range of polymer networks with an interwoven topology. Specifically, through the sequential supramolecular self-assemblies, the covalent polymers (CPs) and metallosupramolecular polymers (MSPs) could be interwoven in our CSPs by [2]pseudorotaxane cross-links. As a result, the obtained CSPs possessed a topological network that could not only promote the synergistic effect between CPs and MSPs to afford mechanically robust yet dynamic materials but also vest polymers with some functions, as manifested by force-induced hierarchical dissociations of supramolecular interactions and superior thermomechanical stability compared to our previously reported CSP systems. Furthermore, our CSPs exhibited tunable mechanical performance toward multiple stimuli including K+ and PPh3, demonstrating abundant stimuli-responsive properties. We hope that these findings could provide novel opportunities toward achieving topological structures at the macromolecular level and also motivate further explorations of polymeric materials via the way of controlling their topological structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongming Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhewen Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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40
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Itabashi H, Tashiro K, Koshikawa S, Datta S, Yagai S. Distinct seed topologies enable comparison of elongation and secondary nucleation pathways in seeded supramolecular polymerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37161759 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01587d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The influence of seed topologies on seeded supramolecular polymerization was examined using helicoidal and toroidal supramolecular polymer seeds. The addition of these seeds to a supersaturated solution of monomers led to distinct nucleation-growth kinetics, which were attributed to the significant difference between the elongation from helicoid termini and secondary nucleation catalyzed by the toroid surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Itabashi
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Keigo Tashiro
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji-kitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan
| | - Shumpei Koshikawa
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Sougata Datta
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research (IAAR), Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Shiki Yagai
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research (IAAR), Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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41
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Kleine-Kleffmann L, Stepanenko V, Shoyama K, Wehner M, Würthner F. Controlling the Supramolecular Polymerization of Squaraine Dyes by a Molecular Chaperone Analogue. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9144-9151. [PMID: 37058428 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones are proteins that assist in the (un)folding and (dis)assembly of other macromolecular structures toward their biologically functional state in a non-covalent manner. Transferring this concept from nature to artificial self-assembly processes, here, we show a new strategy to control supramolecular polymerization via a chaperone-like two-component system. A new kinetic trapping method was developed that enables efficient retardation of the spontaneous self-assembly of a squaraine dye monomer. The suppression of supramolecular polymerization could be regulated with a cofactor, which precisely initiates self-assembly. The presented system was investigated and characterized by ultraviolet-visible, Fourier transform infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. With these results, living supramolecular polymerization and block copolymer fabrication could be realized, demonstrating a new possibility for effective control over supramolecular polymerization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Kleine-Kleffmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marius Wehner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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42
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Bai R, Zhang Z, Di W, Yang X, Zhao J, Ouyang H, Liu G, Zhang X, Cheng L, Cao Y, Yu W, Yan X. Oligo[2]catenane That Is Robust at Both the Microscopic and Macroscopic Scales. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9011-9020. [PMID: 37052468 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Polycatenanes are extremely attractive topological architectures on account of their high degrees of conformational freedom and multiple motion patterns of the mechanically interlocked macrocycles. However, exploitation of these peculiar structural and dynamic characteristics to develop robust catenane materials is still a challenging goal. Herein, we synthesize an oligo[2]catenane that showcases mechanically robust properties at both the microscopic and macroscopic scales. The key feature of the structural design is controlling the force-bearing points on the metal-coordinated core of the [2]catenane moiety that is able to maximize the energy dissipation of the oligo[2]catenane via dissociation of metal-coordination bonds and then activation of sequential intramolecular motions of circumrotation, translation, and elongation under an external force. As such, at the microscopic level, the single-molecule force spectroscopy measurement exhibits that the force to rupture dynamic bonds in the oligo[2]catenane reaches a record high of 588 ± 233 pN. At the macroscopic level, our oligo[2]catenane manifests itself as the toughest catenane material ever reported (15.2 vs 2.43 MJ/m3). These fundamental findings not only deepen the understanding of the structure-property relationship of poly[2]catenanes with a full set of dynamic features but also provide a guiding principle to fabricate high-performance mechanically interlocked catenane materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Weishuai Di
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xue Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Hao Ouyang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Guoquan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xinhai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Lin Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yi Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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43
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Ariga K. Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 14:434-453. [PMID: 37091285 PMCID: PMC10113519 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.14.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of nanotechnology has provided an opportunity to integrate a wide range of phenomena and disciplines from the atomic scale, the molecular scale, and the nanoscale into materials. Nanoarchitectonics as a post-nanotechnology concept is a methodology for developing functional material systems using units such as atoms, molecules, and nanomaterials. Especially, molecular nanoarchitectonics has been strongly promoted recently by incorporating nanotechnological methods into organic synthesis. Examples of research that have attracted attention include the direct observation of organic synthesis processes at the molecular level with high resolution, and the control of organic syntheses with probe microscope tips. These can also be considered as starting points for nanoarchitectonics. In this review, these examples of molecular nanoarchitectonics are introduced, and future prospects of nanoarchitectonics are discussed. The fusion of basic science and the application of practical functional materials will complete materials chemistry for everything.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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44
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Chiarantoni P, Micheletti C. Linear Catenanes in Channel Confinement. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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45
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Khanra P, Singh AK, Roy L, Das A. Pathway Complexity in Supramolecular Copolymerization and Blocky Star Copolymers by a Hetero-Seeding Effect. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5270-5284. [PMID: 36797682 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
This study unravels the intricate kinetic and thermodynamic pathways involved in the supramolecular copolymerization of the two chiral dipolar naphthalene monoimide (NMI) building blocks (O-NMI and S-NMI), differing merely by a single heteroatom (oxygen vs sulfur). O-NMI exhibits distinct supramolecular polymerization features as compared to S-NMI in terms of its pathway complexity, hierarchical organization, and chiroptical properties. Two distinct self-assembly pathways in O-NMI occur due to the interplay between the competing dipolar interactions among the NMI chromophores and amide-amide hydrogen (H)-bonding that engenders distinct nanotapes and helical fibers, from its antiparallel and parallel stacking modes, respectively. In contrast, the propensity of S-NMI to form only a stable spherical assembly is ascribed to its much stronger amide-amide H-bonding, which outperforms other competing interactions. Under the thermodynamic route, an equimolar mixture of the two monomers generates a temporally controlled chiral statistical supramolecular copolymer that autocatalytically evolves from an initially formed metastable spherical heterostructure. In contrast, the sequence-controlled addition of the two monomers leads to the kinetically driven hetero-seeded block copolymerization. The ability to trap O-NMI in a metastable state allows its secondary nucleation from the surface of the thermodynamically stable S-NMI spherical "seed", which leads to the core-multiarmed "star" copolymer with reversibly and temporally controllable length of the growing O-NMI "arms" from the S-NMI "core". Unlike the one-dimensional self-assembly of O-NMI and its random co-assembly with S-NMI, which are both chiral, unprecedentedly, the preferred helical bias of the nucleating O-NMI fibers is completely inhibited by the absence of stereoregularity of the S-NMI "seed" in the "star" topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Khanra
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ajeet Kumar Singh
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai-IOC Odisha Campus Bhubaneswar, IIT Kharagpur Extension Centre, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
| | - Lisa Roy
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai-IOC Odisha Campus Bhubaneswar, IIT Kharagpur Extension Centre, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
| | - Anindita Das
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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46
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Bhadra BN, Shrestha LK, Ariga K. Porous Boron Nitride Nanoarchitectonics for Environment: Adsorption in Water. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-023-02594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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47
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Bäumer N, Castellanos E, Soberats B, Fernández G. Bioinspired crowding directs supramolecular polymerisation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1084. [PMID: 36841784 PMCID: PMC9968348 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Crowding effects are crucial to maintaining functionality in biological systems, but little is known about their role in analogous artificial counterparts. Within the growing field of supramolecular polymer science, crowding effects have hitherto remained underappreciated. Herein, we show that crowding effects exhibit strong and distinct control over the kinetics, accessible pathways and final outcomes of supramolecular polymerisation processes. In the presence of a pre-formed supramolecular polymer as crowding agent, a model supramolecular polymer dramatically changes its self-assembly behaviour and undergoes a morphological transformation from bundled fibres into flower-like hierarchical assemblies, despite no co-assembly taking place. Notably, this new pathway can only be accessed in crowded environments and when the crowding agent exhibits a one-dimensional morphology. These results allow accessing diverse morphologies and properties in supramolecular polymers and pave the way towards a better understanding of high-precision self-assembly in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Bäumer
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Westfälische-Wilhelms Universität Münster, Organisch Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Eduardo Castellanos
- grid.9563.90000 0001 1940 4767Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, 07122 Spain
| | - Bartolome Soberats
- grid.9563.90000 0001 1940 4767Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, 07122 Spain
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Westfälische-Wilhelms Universität Münster, Organisch Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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48
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Construction of photoswitchable urea-based multiple H-bonding motifs. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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Shimada T, Watanabe Y, Kajitani T, Takeuchi M, Wakayama Y, Sugiyasu K. Individually separated supramolecular polymer chains toward solution-processable supramolecular polymeric materials. Chem Sci 2023; 14:822-826. [PMID: 36755703 PMCID: PMC9890609 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06089b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present a simple design concept for a monomer that affords individually separated supramolecular polymer chains. Random introduction of alkyl chains with different lengths onto a monomer prevented its supramolecular polymers from bundling, permitting the preparation of concentrated solutions of the supramolecular polymer without gelation, precipitation, or crystallization. With such a solution in hand, we succeeded in fabricating self-standing films and threads consisting of supramolecular polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Shimada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Watanabe
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University Kyotodaigaku-katsura Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Takashi Kajitani
- Open Facility Development Office, Open Facility Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Yutaka Wakayama
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Kazunori Sugiyasu
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University Kyotodaigaku-katsura Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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50
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Matsumoto M, Sutrisno L, Ariga K. Covalent nanoarchitectonics: Polymer synthesis with designer structures and sequences. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Matsumoto
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI‐MANA) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Ibaraki Japan
| | - Linawati Sutrisno
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI‐MANA) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Ibaraki Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI‐MANA) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Ibaraki Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo Chiba Japan
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