1
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Pang Y, Li L, Lou Y, Wang X, Liu Z. Equilibrium and self-assembly of Janus particles at liquid-liquid interfaces for the film formation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 244:114178. [PMID: 39216440 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This article investigates the equilibrium arrangement, self-assembly process, and subsequent curing of amphiphilic snowman-shaped Janus particles at the oil-water interface. The independent Janus particles are in vertical equilibrium state and the contact position of the oil-water interface is at the largest cross section of the particle's hydrophobic phase. Under the effect of the surface tension and the adsorption of materials, Janus particles may form particle combinations including the particle pairs and the particle triangle, whose inner and outer sides have the liquid surface exhibiting completely opposite contact angles. Particle combinations form stable parallel double-chain structures with diverse shapes after the self-assembly process. However, the single Janus particles attain a state of mechanical equilibrium under the influence of surrounding particles, enabling them to assemble into regular array structures. The relationship of interfacial tension coefficient between phases can be changed by adjusting the oil-water system, which leads to variations in the self-assembly speed and the final arrangement results. The thin-film with uniformly distributed vertical particles is achieved by replacing the underlying deionized water with a curing agent. Based on the understanding of the interactions between irregularly shaped Janus particles at the oil-water interface, it will be convenient to achieve the controllable self-assembly and widely applications of these particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Pang
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Mechanics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yi Lou
- College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Mechanics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Zhaomiao Liu
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Mechanics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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2
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Eatson JL, Morgan SO, Horozov TS, A. Buzza DM. Programmable 2D materials through shape-controlled capillary forces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2401134121. [PMID: 39163335 PMCID: PMC11363311 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401134121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, self-assembly has emerged as a powerful tool for fabricating functional materials. Since self-assembly is fundamentally determined by the particle interactions in the system, if we can gain full control over these interactions, it would open the door for creating functional materials by design. In this paper, we exploit capillary interactions between colloidal particles at liquid interfaces to create two-dimensional (2D) materials where particle interactions and self-assembly can be fully programmed using particle shape alone. Specifically, we consider colloidal particles which are polygonal plates with homogeneous surface chemistry and undulating edges as this particle geometry gives us precise and independent control over both short-range hard-core repulsions and longer-range capillary interactions. To illustrate the immense potential provided by our system for programming self-assembly, we use minimum energy calculations and Monte Carlo simulations to show that polygonal plates with different in-plane shapes (hexagons, truncated triangles, triangles, squares) and edge undulations of different multipolar order (hexapolar, octopolar, dodecapolar) can be used to create a rich variety of 2D structures, including hexagonal close-packed, honeycomb, Kagome, and quasicrystal lattices. Since the required particle shapes can be readily fabricated experimentally, we can use our colloidal system to control the entire process chain for materials design, from initial design and fabrication of the building blocks, to final assembly of the emergent 2D material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack L. Eatson
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, George William Gray Centre for Advanced Materials, University of Hull, HullHU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Scott O. Morgan
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, George William Gray Centre for Advanced Materials, University of Hull, HullHU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Tommy S. Horozov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George William Gray Centre for Advanced Materials, University of Hull, HullHU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - D. Martin A. Buzza
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, George William Gray Centre for Advanced Materials, University of Hull, HullHU6 7RX, United Kingdom
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3
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Lin TH, Guo DY, Chen CW, Feng TM, Zeng WX, Chen PC, Wu LY, Guo WM, Chang LM, Jau HC, Wang CT, Bunning TJ, Khoo IC. Directed crystalline symmetry transformation of blue-phase liquid crystals by reverse electrostriction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7038. [PMID: 39147846 PMCID: PMC11327289 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Soft-matter-based photonic crystals like blue-phase liquid crystals (BPLC) have potential applications in wide-ranging photonic and bio-chemical systems. To date, however, there are limitations in the fabrication of large monocrystalline BPLCs. Traditional crystal-growth process involves the transition from a high-temperature disordered phase to an ordered (blue) phase and is generally slow (takes hours) with limited achievable lattice structures, and efforts to improve molecular alignment through post-crystallization field application typically prove ineffective. Here we report a systematic study on the molecular self-assembly dynamics of BPLC starting from a highly ordered phase in which all molecules are unidirectionally aligned by a strong electric field. We have discovered that, near the high-temperature end of the blue phase, if the applied field strength is then switched to an intermediate level or simply turned off, large-area monocrystalline BPLCs of various symmetries (tetragonal, orthorhombic, cubic) can be formed in minutes. Subsequent temperature tuning of the single crystal at a fixed applied field allows access to different lattice parameters and the formation of never-before-seen monoclinic structures. The formed crystals remain stable upon field removal. The diversity of stable monocrystalline BPLCs with widely tunable crystalline symmetries, band structures, and optical dispersions will significantly improve and expand their application potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsien Lin
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan.
| | - Duan-Yi Guo
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ting-Mao Feng
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Xin Zeng
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chang Chen
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Ying Wu
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ming Guo
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan
| | - Li-Min Chang
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chang Jau
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ta Wang
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan
| | - Timothy J Bunning
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Iam Choon Khoo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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4
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van Kesteren S, Diethelm P, Jung SH, Isa L. DNA-Based Replication of Programmable Colloidal Assemblies. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400180. [PMID: 38693098 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Nature uses replication to amplify the information necessary for the intricate structures vital for life. Despite some successes with pure nucleotide structures, constructing synthetic microscale systems capable of replication remains largely out of reach. Here, a functioning strategy is shown for the replication of microscale particle assemblies using DNA-coated colloids. By positioning DNA-functionalized colloids using capillary forces and embedding them into a polymer layer, programmable sequences of patchy particles are created that act as a primer and offer precise binding of complementary particles from suspension. The strings of complementary colloids are cross-linked, released from the primer, and purified via flow cytometric sorting to achieve a purity of up to 81% of the replicated sequences. The replication of strings of up to five colloids and non-linear shapes is demonstrated with particles of different sizes and materials. Furthermore, a pathway for exponential self-replication is outlined, including preliminary data that shows the transfer of patches and binding of a second-generation of assemblies from suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven van Kesteren
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Diethelm
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Se-Hyeong Jung
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Lucio Isa
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
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5
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Chen J, Tian J, Feng N, Ning L, Wang D, Zhao B, Guo T, Song J, Rojas OJ. Monodispersed Renewable Particles by Cascade and Density Gradient Size Fractionation to Advance Lignin Nanotechnologies. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309756. [PMID: 38602191 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Control over particle size and shape heterogeneity is highly relevant to the design of photonic coatings and supracolloidal assemblies. Most developments in the area have relied on mineral and petroleum-derived polymers that achieve well-defined chemical and dimensional characteristics. Unfortunately, it is challenging to attain such control when considering renewable nanoparticles. Herein, a pathway toward selectable biobased particle size and physicochemical profiles is proposed. Specifically, lignin is fractionated, a widely available heterogeneous polymer that can be dissolved in aqueous solution, to obtain a variety of monodispersed particle fractions. A two-stage cascade and density gradient centrifugation that relieves the need for solvent pre-extraction or other pretreatments but achieves particle bins of uniform size (~60 to 860 nm and polydispersity, PDI<0.06, dynamic light scattering) along with characteristic surface chemical features is introduced. It is found that the properties and associated colloidal behavior of the particles are suitably classified in distinctive size populations, namely, i) nanoscale (50-100 nm), ii) photonic (100-300 nm) and iii) near-micron (300-1000 nm). The strong correlation that exists between size and physicochemical characteristics (molar mass, surface charge, bonding and functional groups, among others) is introduced as a powerful pathway to identify nanotechnological uses that benefit from the functionality and cost-effectiveness of biogenic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqian Chen
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jing Tian
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Nianjie Feng
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Like Ning
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, the affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-02150, Finland
| | - Tianyu Guo
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Junlong Song
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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6
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Hayakawa D, Videbæk TE, Grason GM, Rogers WB. Symmetry-Guided Inverse Design of Self-Assembling Multiscale DNA Origami Tilings. ACS NANO 2024; 18:19169-19178. [PMID: 38981100 PMCID: PMC11271658 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances enable the creation of nanoscale building blocks with complex geometries and interaction specificities for self-assembly. This nearly boundless design space necessitates design principles for defining the mutual interactions between multiple particle species to target a user-specified complex structure or pattern. In this article, we develop a symmetry-based method to generate the interaction matrices that specify the assembly of two-dimensional tilings, which we illustrate using equilateral triangles. By exploiting the allowed 2D symmetries, we develop an algorithmic approach by which any periodic 2D tiling can be generated from an arbitrarily large number of subunit species, notably addressing an unmet challenge of engineering 2D crystals with periodicities that can be arbitrarily larger than the subunit size. To demonstrate the utility of our design approach, we encode specific interactions between triangular subunits synthesized by DNA origami and show that we can guide their self-assembly into tilings with a wide variety of symmetries, using up to 12 unique species of triangles. By conjugating specific triangles with gold nanoparticles, we fabricate gold-nanoparticle supracrystals whose lattice parameter spans up to 300 nm. Finally, to generate economical design rules, we compare the design economy of various tilings. In particular, we show that (1) higher symmetries allow assembly of larger unit cells with fewer subunits and (2) linear supracrystals can be designed more economically using linear primitive unit cells. This work provides a simple algorithmic approach to designing periodic assemblies, aiding in the multiscale assembly of supracrystals of nanostructured "meta-atoms" with engineered plasmonic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Hayakawa
- Martin
A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Thomas E. Videbæk
- Martin
A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Gregory M. Grason
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University
of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - W. Benjamin Rogers
- Martin
A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
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7
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Li Z, Lim Y, Tanriover I, Zhou W, Li Y, Zhang Y, Aydin K, Glotzer SC, Mirkin CA. DNA-mediated assembly of Au bipyramids into anisotropic light emitting kagome superlattices. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadp3756. [PMID: 39028823 PMCID: PMC11259166 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp3756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal crystal engineering with DNA allows one to design diverse superlattices with tunable lattice symmetry, composition, and spacing. Most of these structures follow the complementary contact model, maximizing DNA hybridization on building blocks and producing relatively close-packed lattices. Here, low-symmetry kagome superlattices are assembled from DNA-modified gold bipyramids that can engage only in partial DNA surface matching. The bipyramid dimensions and DNA length can be engineered for two different superlattices with rhombohedral unit cells, including one composed of a periodic stacking of kagome lattices. Enabled by the partial facet alignment, the kagome lattices exhibit lattice distortion, bipyramid twisting, and planar chirality. When conjugated with Cy-5 dyes, the kagome lattices serve as cavities with high-density optical states and large Purcell factors along lateral directions, leading to strong dipole radiation along the z axis and facet-dependent light emission. Such complex optical properties make these materials attractive for lasers, displays, and quantum sensing constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yein Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ibrahim Tanriover
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Wenjie Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yuanwei Li
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Koray Aydin
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sharon C. Glotzer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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8
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Videbæk TE, Hayakawa D, Grason GM, Hagan MF, Fraden S, Rogers WB. Economical routes to size-specific assembly of self-closing structures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado5979. [PMID: 38959303 PMCID: PMC11221488 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado5979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Programmable self-assembly has seen an explosion in the diversity of synthetic crystalline materials, but developing strategies that target "self-limiting" assemblies has remained a challenge. Among these, self-closing structures, in which the local curvature defines the finite global size, are prone to polymorphism due to thermal bending fluctuations, a problem that worsens with increasing target size. Here, we show that assembly complexity can be used to eliminate this source of polymorphism in the assembly of tubules. Using many distinct components, we prune the local density of off-target geometries, increasing the selectivity of the tubule width and helicity to nearly 100%. We further show that by reducing the design constraints to target either the pitch or the width alone, fewer components are needed to reach complete selectivity. Combining experiments with theory, we reveal an economical limit, which determines the minimum number of components required to create arbitrary assembly sizes with full selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Videbæk
- Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Daichi Hayakawa
- Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Gregory M. Grason
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Michael F. Hagan
- Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Seth Fraden
- Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - W. Benjamin Rogers
- Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
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9
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Bedolla-Montiel EA, Lange JT, Pérez de Alba Ortíz A, Dijkstra M. Inverse design of crystals and quasicrystals in a non-additive binary mixture of hard disks. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:244902. [PMID: 38916271 DOI: 10.1063/5.0210034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of new materials typically involves a process of trial and error, guided by insights from past experimental and theoretical findings. The inverse design approach for soft-matter systems has the potential to optimize specific physical parameters, such as particle interactions, particle shape, or composition and packing fraction. This optimization aims to facilitate the spontaneous formation of specific target structures through self-assembly. In this study, we expand upon a recently introduced inverse design protocol for monodisperse systems to identify the required conditions and interactions for assembling crystal and quasicrystal phases within a binary mixture of two distinct species. This method utilizes an evolution algorithm to identify the optimal state point and interaction parameters, enabling the self-assembly of the desired structure. In addition, we employ a convolutional neural network (CNN) that classifies different phases based on their diffraction patterns, serving as a fitness function for the desired structure. Using our protocol, we successfully inverse design two-dimensional crystalline structures, including a hexagonal lattice and a dodecagonal quasicrystal, within a non-additive binary mixture of hard disks. Finally, we introduce a symmetry-based order parameter that leverages the encoded symmetry within the diffraction pattern. This order parameter circumvents the need for training a CNN and is used as a fitness function to inverse design an octagonal quasicrystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin A Bedolla-Montiel
- Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jochem T Lange
- Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alberto Pérez de Alba Ortíz
- Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
- Computational Soft Matter Lab, Computational Chemistry Group and Computational Science Lab, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Science and Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Dijkstra
- Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
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10
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Siegel N, Hasebe H, Chiarelli G, Garoli D, Sugimoto H, Fujii M, Acuna GP, Kołątaj K. Universal Click-Chemistry Approach for the DNA Functionalization of Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17250-17260. [PMID: 38871677 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has revolutionized the fabrication of hybrid species with tailored functionalities. A milestone in this field is the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) conjugation of nanoparticles, introduced almost 30 years ago, which typically exploits the affinity between thiol groups and metallic surfaces. Over the last decades, developments in colloidal research have enabled the synthesis of an assortment of nonmetallic structures, such as high-index dielectric nanoparticles, with unique properties not previously accessible with traditional metallic nanoparticles. However, to stabilize, integrate, and provide further functionality to nonmetallic nanoparticles, reliable techniques for their functionalization with DNA will be crucial. Here, we combine well-established dibenzylcyclooctyne-azide click-chemistry with a simple freeze-thaw method to achieve the functionalization of silica and silicon nanoparticles, which form exceptionally stable colloids with a high DNA surface density of ∼0.2 molecules/nm2. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these functionalized colloids can be self-assembled into high-index dielectric dimers with a yield of over 50% via the use of DNA origami. Finally, we extend this method to functionalize other important nanomaterials, including oxides, polymers, core-shell, and metal nanostructures. Our results indicate that the method presented herein serves as a crucial complement to conventional thiol functionalization chemistry and thus greatly expands the toolbox of DNA-functionalized nanoparticles currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Siegel
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, Fribourg CH 1700, Switzerland
| | - Hiroaki Hasebe
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Germán Chiarelli
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, Fribourg CH 1700, Switzerland
| | - Denis Garoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Metodi dell'Ingegneria, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2 Padiglione Tamburini, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Hiroshi Sugimoto
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Fujii
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Guillermo P Acuna
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, Fribourg CH 1700, Switzerland
- Swiss National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR) Bio-inspired Materials, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Karol Kołątaj
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, Fribourg CH 1700, Switzerland
- Swiss National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR) Bio-inspired Materials, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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11
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Baran Ł, Tarasewicz D, Rżysko W. Interplay between the Formation of Colloidal Clathrate and Cubic Diamond Crystals. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5792-5801. [PMID: 38832806 PMCID: PMC11181313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the valency of directional interactions of patchy particles is insufficient for the selective formation of target crystalline structures due to the competition between phases of similar free energy. Examples of such are stacking hybrids of interwoven hexagonal and cubic diamonds with (i) its liquid phase, (ii) arrested glasses, or (iii) clathrates, all depending on the relative patch size, despite being within the one-bond-per-patch regime. Herein, using molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that although tetrahedral patchy particles with narrow patches can assemble into clathrates or stacking hybrids in the bulk, this behavior can be suppressed by the application of external surface potential. Depending on its strength, the selective growth of either cubic diamond crystals or empty sII clathrate cages can be achieved. The formation of a given ordered network depends on the structure of the first adlayer, which is commensurate with the emerging network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Baran
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry,
Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria-Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Pl. M Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Tarasewicz
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry,
Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria-Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Pl. M Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Rżysko
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry,
Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria-Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Pl. M Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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12
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Kamp M, Sacanna S, Dullens RPA. Spearheading a new era in complex colloid synthesis with TPM and other silanes. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:433-453. [PMID: 38740891 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Colloid science has recently grown substantially owing to the innovative use of silane coupling agents (SCAs), especially 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl methacrylate (TPM). SCAs were previously used mainly as modifying agents, but their ability to form droplets and condense onto pre-existing structures has enabled their use as a versatile and powerful tool to create novel anisotropic colloids with increasing complexity. In this Review, we highlight the advances in complex colloid synthesis facilitated by the use of TPM and show how this has driven remarkable new applications. The focus is on TPM as the current state-of-the-art in colloid science, but we also discuss other silanes and their potential to make an impact. We outline the remarkable properties of TPM colloids and their synthesis strategies, and discuss areas of soft matter science that have benefited from TPM and other SCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlous Kamp
- Van 't Hoff Laboratory for Physical & Colloid Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Stefano Sacanna
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roel P A Dullens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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13
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Kim S, Svetlizky I, Weitz DA, Spaepen F. Work hardening in colloidal crystals. Nature 2024; 630:648-653. [PMID: 38811735 PMCID: PMC11186786 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal crystals exhibit interesting properties1-4 that are in many ways analogous to their atomic counterparts. They have the same crystal structures2,5-7, undergo the same phase transitions8-10, and possess the same crystallographic defects11-14. In contrast to these structural properties, the mechanical properties of colloidal crystals are quite different from those of atomic systems. For example, unlike in atomic systems, the elasticity of hard-sphere colloidal crystals is purely entropic15; as a result, they are so soft that they can be melted just by stirring16,17. Moreover, crystalline materials deform plastically when subjected to increasing shear and become stronger because of the ubiquitous process of work hardening18; but this has so far never been observed in colloidal crystals, to our knowledge. Here we show that hard-sphere colloidal crystals exhibit work hardening. Moreover, despite their softness, the shear strength of colloidal crystals can increase and approach the theoretical limit for crystals, a value reached in very few other materials so far. We use confocal microscopy to show that the strength of colloidal crystals increases with dislocation density, and ultimately reaches the classic Taylor scaling behaviour for atomic materials19-21, although hard-sphere interactions lack the complexity of atomic interactions. We demonstrate that Taylor hardening arises through the formation of dislocation junctions22. The Taylor hardening regime, however, is established only after a transient phase, and it ceases when the colloidal crystals become so hard that the strain is localized within a thin boundary layer in which slip results from an unconventional motion of dislocations. The striking resemblance between colloidal and atomic crystals, despite the many orders of magnitude difference in particle size and shear modulus, demonstrates the universality of work hardening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongsoo Kim
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ilya Svetlizky
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - David A Weitz
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frans Spaepen
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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14
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Shi Y, Wang D, Xiao Y, Pan T, Liu W, Lee LP, Xin H, Li B. Spontaneous Particle Ordering, Sorting, and Assembly on Soap Films. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6433-6440. [PMID: 38747334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Soap bubbles exhibit abundant fascinating phenomena throughout the entire life of evolution with different fundamental physics governing them. Nevertheless, the complicated dynamics of small objects in soap films are still unrevealed. Here, we report the first observation of spontaneous particle ordering in a complicated galaxy of soap films without any external energy. The balance of interfacial tension at two liquid-gas interfaces is theoretically predicted to govern belted wetted particles (BWPs) traveling along a specified path spontaneously. Such spontaneous particle path-finding is found to depend on the particle size and hydrophilic properties. Spontaneous particle sorting is directly realized via these discrete and distinctive paths for different particles. The deformation of the soap membrane facilitates 1D/2D particle organization along the path. This observation represents the discovery of a new spontaneous order phenomenon in soap film systems and provides a new energy-free approach for particle separation and soft colloidal crystal assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, People's Republic of China
| | - Danning Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenpeng Liu
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Luke P Lee
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongbao Xin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, People's Republic of China
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15
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Cao D, Yan Z, Cui D, Khan MY, Duan S, Xie G, He Z, Xing DY, Wang W. A Conceptual Framework to Understand the Self-Assembly of Chemically Active Colloids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10884-10894. [PMID: 38756056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Colloids that generate chemicals, or "chemically active colloids", can interact with their neighbors and generate patterns via forces arising from such chemical gradients. Examples of such assemblies of chemically active colloids are abundant in the literature, but a unified theoretical framework is needed to rationalize the scattered results. Combining experiments, theory, Brownian dynamics, and finite element simulations, we present here a conceptual framework for understanding how immotile, yet chemically active, colloids assemble. This framework is based on the principle of ionic diffusiophoresis and diffusioosmosis and predicts that a chemically active colloid interacts with its neighbors through short- and long-range interactions that can be either repulsive or attractive, depending on the relative diffusivity of the released cations and anions, and the relative zeta potential of a colloidal particle and the planar surface on which it resides. As a result, 4 types of pairwise interactions arise, leading to 4 different types of colloidal assemblies with distinct patterns. Using short-range attraction and long-range attraction (SALR) systems as an example, we show quantitative agreement between the framework and experiments. The framework is then applied to rationalize a wide range of patterns assembled from chemically active colloids in the literature exhibiting other types of pairwise interactions. In addition, the framework can predict what the assembly looks like with minimal experimental information and help infer ionic diffusivity and zeta potential values in systems where these values are inaccessible. Our results represent a solid step toward building a complete theory for understanding and controlling chemically active colloids, from the molecular level to their mesoscopic superstructures and ultimately to the macroscopic properties of the assembled materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhou Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zuyao Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Donghao Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Mohd Yasir Khan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shifang Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Guoqiang Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zikai He
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ding Yu Xing
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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16
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Liu H, Matthies M, Russo J, Rovigatti L, Narayanan RP, Diep T, McKeen D, Gang O, Stephanopoulos N, Sciortino F, Yan H, Romano F, Šulc P. Inverse design of a pyrochlore lattice of DNA origami through model-driven experiments. Science 2024; 384:776-781. [PMID: 38753798 DOI: 10.1126/science.adl5549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Sophisticated statistical mechanics approaches and human intuition have demonstrated the possibility of self-assembling complex lattices or finite-size constructs. However, attempts so far have mostly only been successful in silico and often fail in experiment because of unpredicted traps associated with kinetic slowing down (gelation, glass transition) and competing ordered structures. Theoretical predictions also face the difficulty of encoding the desired interparticle interaction potential with the experimentally available nano- and micrometer-sized particles. To overcome these issues, we combine SAT assembly (a patchy-particle interaction design algorithm based on constrained optimization) with coarse-grained simulations of DNA nanotechnology to experimentally realize trap-free self-assembly pathways. We use this approach to assemble a pyrochlore three-dimensional lattice, coveted for its promise in the construction of optical metamaterials, and characterize it with small-angle x-ray scattering and scanning electron microscopy visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 South McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Michael Matthies
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 South McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - John Russo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rovigatti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Raghu Pradeep Narayanan
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 South McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Thong Diep
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 South McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Daniel McKeen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 817 SW Mudd, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Oleg Gang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 817 SW Mudd, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Nicholas Stephanopoulos
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 South McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Francesco Sciortino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Hao Yan
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 South McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Flavio Romano
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30171 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
- European Centre for Living Technology (ECLT), Ca' Bottacin, 3911 Dorsoduro Calle Crosera, 30123 Venice, Italy
| | - Petr Šulc
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 South McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
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17
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Posnjak G, Yin X, Butler P, Bienek O, Dass M, Lee S, Sharp ID, Liedl T. Diamond-lattice photonic crystals assembled from DNA origami. Science 2024; 384:781-785. [PMID: 38753795 PMCID: PMC7616107 DOI: 10.1126/science.adl2733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal self-assembly allows rational design of structures on the micrometer and submicrometer scale. One architecture that can generate complete three-dimensional photonic bandgaps is the diamond cubic lattice, which has remained difficult to realize at length scales comparable with the wavelength of visible or ultraviolet light. In this work, we demonstrate three-dimensional photonic crystals self-assembled from DNA origami that act as precisely programmable patchy colloids. Our DNA-based nanoscale tetrapods crystallize into a rod-connected diamond cubic lattice with a periodicity of 170 nanometers. This structure serves as a scaffold for atomic-layer deposition of high-refractive index materials such as titanium dioxide, yielding a tunable photonic bandgap in the near-ultraviolet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Posnjak
- Faculty of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Schellingstraße 4, München, 80539, Bayern, Germany
| | - Xin Yin
- Faculty of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Schellingstraße 4, München, 80539, Bayern, Germany
| | - Paul Butler
- Walter Schottky Institute, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4, Garching bei München, 85748, Bayern, Germany
- Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4, Garching bei München, 85748, Bayern, Germany
| | - Oliver Bienek
- Walter Schottky Institute, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4, Garching bei München, 85748, Bayern, Germany
- Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4, Garching bei München, 85748, Bayern, Germany
| | - Mihir Dass
- Faculty of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Schellingstraße 4, München, 80539, Bayern, Germany
| | - Seungwoo Lee
- Department of Integrative Energy Engineering (College of Engineering), KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Department of Biomicrosystem Technology, and KU Photonics Center, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02481, Republic of Korea
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ian D. Sharp
- Walter Schottky Institute, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4, Garching bei München, 85748, Bayern, Germany
- Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4, Garching bei München, 85748, Bayern, Germany
| | - Tim Liedl
- Faculty of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Schellingstraße 4, München, 80539, Bayern, Germany
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18
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Li Z, Mao C. Engineering colloidal crystals molecule by molecule. Science 2024; 384:741-742. [PMID: 38753803 DOI: 10.1126/science.adp4370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
DNA particles are programmed to assemble with precision into complex lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengde Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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19
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Wang L, Liu B. Self-Assembled Ring-Based Complex Colloidal Particles by Lock-And-Key Interaction and Their Self-Assembly into Unusual Colloidal Crystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9205-9214. [PMID: 38629303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Creating hierarchical crystalline materials using simple colloids or nanoparticles is very challenging, as it is usually impossible to achieve hierarchical structures without nonhierarchical colloidal interactions. Here, we present a hierarchical self-assembly (SA) route that employs colloidal rings and anisotropic colloidal particles to form complex colloids and uses them as building blocks to form unusual colloidal columnar liquid crystals or crystals. This route is realized by designing hierarchical SA driving forces that is controlled by the colloidal shape and shape-dependent depletion attraction. Depletion-induced lock-and-key interaction is the first driving force, which ensures a high efficiency (>90%) to load colloidal particles of other shapes such as spheres, spherocylinders, and oblate ellipsoids into rings, providing high-quality building blocks. Their SA into ordered superstructures has to require a second driving force such as higher volume fraction and/or stronger depletion attraction. As a result, unusual hierarchical colloidal (liquid) crystals, which have previously been difficult to fabricate by simple binary assembly, can be achieved. This work presents a significant advancement in the field of hierarchical SA, demonstrating a promising strategy for constructing many unprecedented crystalline materials by the SA route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linna Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, China
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20
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Wang C, Cui C, Deng Q, Zhang C, Asahina S, Cao Y, Mai Y, Che S, Han L. Construction of the single-diamond-structured titania scaffold-Recreation of the holy grail photonic structure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318072121. [PMID: 38573966 PMCID: PMC11009672 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318072121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
As one of the most stunning biological nanostructures, the single-diamond (SD) surface discovered in beetles and weevils exoskeletons possesses the widest complete photonic bandgap known to date and is renowned as the "holy grail" of photonic materials. However, the synthesis of SD is difficult due to its thermodynamical instability compared to the energetically favoured bicontinuous double diamond and other easily formed lattices; thus, the artificial fabrication of SD has long been a formidable challenge. Herein, we report a bottom-up approach to fabricate SD titania networks via a one-pot cooperative assembly scenario employing the diblock copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polystyrene as a soft template and titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) as an inorganic precursor in a mixed solvent, in which the SD scaffold was obtained by kinetically controlled nucleation and growth in the skeletal channels of the diamond minimal surface formed by the polymer matrix. Electron crystallography investigations revealed the formation of tetrahedrally connected SD frameworks with the space group Fd [Formula: see text] m in a polycrystalline anatase form. A photonic bandgap calculation showed that the resulting SD structure has a wide and complete bandgap. This work solves the complex synthetic enigmas and offers a frontier in hyperbolic surfaces, biorelevant materials, next-generation optical devices, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Congcong Cui
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Quanzheng Deng
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Shunsuke Asahina
- Application Planning Group, Japan Electron Optics Laboratory Co Ltd, Akishima, Tokyo196-8558, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi980-8577, Japan
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, China
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Composite Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Shunai Che
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Composite Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Lu Han
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
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21
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Hosaka M, Ichikawa H, Sajiki S, Kawamura T, Kawai T. Uniform, convex structuring of polymeric colloids via site-selected swelling. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 659:542-549. [PMID: 38194825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Non-spherical, polymeric colloids serve as building blocks for advanced functional materials. We propose a novel method to produce morphologically controlled, non-spherical particles by generating site-selected, convex structures on polystyrene (PS) particles. It consists of two simple procedures: a monolayer of PS particles is illuminated with UV light and is subsequently immersed in a fluorinated solvent (HFIP). UV irradiation generates site-selected, oxidized domains on PS particles with a different solvent affinity than unoxidized PS, and HFIP immersion preferentially swells the oxidized domains. Such swelling gives rise to site-selected, convex structures on PS particles. By adjusting UV irradiation conditions, including incident and azimuth angles, the oxidized sites, i.e., the swelled portions, can be accurately situated, allowing us to produce various convex shapes, including chiral shapes at desired positions on PS particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Hosaka
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku 6-3-1, Katsushika, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Ichikawa
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku 6-3-1, Katsushika, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunta Sajiki
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku 6-3-1, Katsushika, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawamura
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku 6-3-1, Katsushika, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawai
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku 6-3-1, Katsushika, Tokyo, Japan.
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22
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Eslami H, Müller-Plathe F. Self-Assembly Pathways of Triblock Janus Particles into 3D Open Lattices. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306337. [PMID: 37990935 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of triblock Janus particles is simulated from a fluid to 3D open lattices: pyrochlore, perovskite, and diamond. The coarse-grained model explicitly takes into account the chemical details of the Janus particles (attractive patches at the poles and repulsion around the equator) and it contains explicit solvent particles. Hydrodynamic interactions are accounted for by dissipative particle dynamics. The relative stability of the crystals depends on the patch width. Narrow, intermediate, and wide patches stabilize the pyrochlore-, the perovskite-, and the diamond-lattice, respectively. The nucleation of all three lattices follows a two-step mechanism: the particles first agglomerate into a compact and disordered liquid cluster, which does not crystallize until it has grown to a threshold size. Second, the particles reorient inside this cluster to form crystalline nuclei. The free-energy barriers for the nucleation of pyrochlore and perovskite are ≈10 kBT, which are close to the nucleation barriers of previously studied 2D kagome lattices. The barrier height for the nucleation of diamond, however, is much larger (>20 kBT), as the symmetry of the triblock Janus particles is not perfect for a diamond structure. The large barrier is associated with the reorientation of particles, i.e., the second step of the nucleation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Eslami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Persian Gulf University, Boushehr, 75168, Iran
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Florian Müller-Plathe
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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23
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van Kesteren S, Diethelm P, Isa L. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) for purifying colloidal clusters. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2881-2886. [PMID: 38477048 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00122b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal particles are considered to be essential building blocks for creating innovative self-assembled and active materials, for which complexity beyond that of compositionally uniform particles is key. However, synthesizing complex, multi-material colloids remains a challenge, often resulting in heterogeneous populations that require post-synthesis purification. Leveraging advances brought forward in the purification of biological samples, here we apply fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to sort colloidal clusters synthesized through capillary assembly. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of FACS in sorting clusters based on size, shape, and composition. Notably, we achieve a sorting purity of up to 97% for clusters composed of up to 9 particles, albeit observing a decline in purity with increasing cluster size. Additionally, dimers of different colloids can be purified to over 97%, while linear and triangular trimers can be separated with up to 88% purity. This work underscores the potential of FACS as a promising and little-used tool in colloidal science to support the development of increasingly more intricate particle-based building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven van Kesteren
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, ETH Zurich, Vladmir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Pascal Diethelm
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, ETH Zurich, Vladmir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Lucio Isa
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, ETH Zurich, Vladmir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland.
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24
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Liu B, Lv DM, Wang YL, Li WY, Sun YW, Li ZW. Surface Engineering and Programmed Self-Assembly of Silica Nanoparticles with Controllable Polystyrene/Poly(4-vinybenzyl azide) Patches. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:6363-6374. [PMID: 38470241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The programmed self-assembly of patchy nanoparticles (NPs) through a bottom-up approach is an efficient strategy for producing highly organized materials with a predetermined architecture. Herein, we report the preparation of di- and trivalent silica NPs with polystyrene (PS)/poly(4-vinylbenzyl azide) (PVBA) patches and assemble them in a THF mixture by lowering the solvent quality. Silica-PS/PVBA colloidal hybrid clusters were synthesized through the seeded growth emulsion copolymerization of styrene and 4-vinylbenzyl azide (VBA) in varying ratios. Subsequently, macromolecules on silica NPs originating from the copolymerization of growing PS or PVBA chains with the surface-grafted MMS compatibilizer are engineered by fine-tuning of polymer compositions or adjustment of solvent qualities. Moreover, multistage silica regrowth of tripod and tetrapod allowed a fine control of the patch-to-particle size ratio ranging from 0.69 to 1.54. Intriguingly, patchy silica NPs (1-, 2-, 3-PSNs) rather than hybrid clusters are successfully used as templates for multistep regrowth experiments, leading to the formation of silica NPs with a new morphology and size controllable PVBA/PS patches. Last but not least, combined with mesoscale dynamics simulations, the self-assembly kinetics of 2-PSN and 3-PSN into linear colloidal polymers and honeycomb-like lattices are studied. This work paves a new avenue for constructing colloidal polymers with a well-defined sequence and colloidal crystals with a predetermined architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Lan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Ya Li
- Nouryon Chemicals (Jiaxing) Co., Ltd., No. 1111, West Yashan Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province 314000, China
| | - Yu-Wei Sun
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhan-Wei Li
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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25
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Doan D, Kulikowski J, Gu XW. Direct observation of phase transitions in truncated tetrahedral microparticles under quasi-2D confinement. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1954. [PMID: 38528038 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Colloidal crystals are used to understand fundamentals of atomic rearrangements in condensed matter and build complex metamaterials with unique functionalities. Simulations predict a multitude of self-assembled crystal structures from anisotropic colloids, but these shapes have been challenging to fabricate. Here, we use two-photon lithography to fabricate Archimedean truncated tetrahedrons and self-assemble them under quasi-2D confinement. These particles self-assemble into a hexagonal phase under an in-plane gravitational potential. Under additional gravitational potential, the hexagonal phase transitions into a quasi-diamond two-unit basis. In-situ imaging reveal this phase transition is initiated by an out-of-plane rotation of a particle at a crystalline defect and causes a chain reaction of neighboring particle rotations. Our results provide a framework of studying different structures from hard-particle self-assembly and demonstrates the ability to use confinement to induce unusual phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Doan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - John Kulikowski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - X Wendy Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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26
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Hu JD, Wang T, Lei QL, Ma YQ. Transformable Superisostatic Crystals Self-Assembled from Segment Colloidal Rods. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8073-8082. [PMID: 38456633 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Transformable mechanical structures can switch between distinct mechanical states. Whether this kind of structure can be self-assembled from simple building blocks at microscale is a question to be answered. In this work, we propose a self-assembly strategy for these structures based on a nematic monolayer of segmented colloidal rods with lateral cutting. By using Monte Carlo simulation, we find that rods with different cutting degrees can self-assemble into different crystals characterized by bond coordination z that varies from 3 to 6. Among these, we identify a transformable superisostatic structure with pgg symmetry and redundant bonds (z = 5). We show that this structure can support either soft bulk modes or soft edge modes depending on its Poisson's ratio, which can be tuned from positive to negative through a uniform soft deformation. We also prove that the bulk soft modes are associated with states of self-stress along the direction of zero strain during uniform soft deformation. The self-assembled transformable structures may act as mechanical metamaterials with potential applications in micromechanical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Dong Hu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Qun-Li Lei
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ma
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
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27
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Djeghdi K, Schumacher C, Bauernfeind V, Gunkel I, Wilts BD, Steiner U. Anoplophora graafi longhorn beetle coloration is due to disordered diamond-like packed spheres. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2509-2517. [PMID: 38389437 PMCID: PMC10933740 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00068d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
While artificial photonic materials are typically highly ordered, photonic structures in many species of birds and insects do not possess a long-range order. Studying their order-disorder interplay sheds light on the origin of the photonic band gap. Here, we investigated the scale morphology of the Anoplophora graafi longhorn beetle. Combining small-angle X-ray scattering and slice-and-view FIB-SEM tomography with molecular dynamics and optical simulations, we characterised the chitin sphere assemblies within blue and green A. graafi scales. The low volume fraction of spheres and the number of their nearest neighbours are incompatible with any known close-packed sphere morphology. A short-range diamond lattice with long-range disorder best describes the sphere assembly, which will inspire the development of new colloid-based photonic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenza Djeghdi
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
- National Competence Center in Bioinspired Materials, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Schumacher
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Viola Bauernfeind
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
- National Competence Center in Bioinspired Materials, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ilja Gunkel
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
- National Competence Center in Bioinspired Materials, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bodo D Wilts
- National Competence Center in Bioinspired Materials, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Straße 2A, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Ullrich Steiner
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
- National Competence Center in Bioinspired Materials, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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28
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Cho Y, Park SH, Kwon M, Kim HH, Huh JH, Lee S. Van der Waals Colloidal Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2312748. [PMID: 38450572 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
A general guiding principle for colloidal crystallization is to tame the attractive enthalpy such that it slightly overwhelms the repulsive interaction. As-synthesized colloids are generally designed to retain a strong repulsive potential for the high stability of suspensions, encoding appropriate attractive potentials into colloids has been key to their crystallization. Despite the myriad of interparticle attractions for colloidal crystallization, the van der Waals (vdW) force remains unexplored. Here, it is shown that the implementation of gold cores into silica colloids and the resulting vdW force can reconfigure the pair potential well depth to the optimal range between -1 and -4 kB T at tens of nanometer-scale colloidal distances. As such, colloidal crystals with a distinct liquid gap can be formed, which is evidenced by photonic bandgap-based diffractive colorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- YongDeok Cho
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hun Park
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kwon
- Department of Biomicrosystem Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ho Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeok Huh
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Physics, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomicrosystem Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Energy Engineering (College of Engineering) and KU Photonics Center, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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29
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Camerin F, Marín-Aguilar S, Dijkstra M. Depletion-induced crystallization of anisotropic triblock colloids. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:4724-4736. [PMID: 38289471 PMCID: PMC10903402 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04816k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The intricate interplay between colloidal particle shape and precisely engineered interaction potentials has paved the way for the discovery of unprecedented crystal structures in both two and three dimensions. Here, we make use of anisotropic triblock colloidal particles composed of two distinct materials. The resulting surface charge heterogeneity can be exploited to generate regioselective depletion interactions and directional bonding. Using extensive molecular dynamics simulations and a dimensionality reduction analysis approach, we map out state diagrams for the self-assembly of such colloids as a function of their aspect ratio and for varying depletant features in a quasi two-dimensional set-up. We observe the formation of a wide variety of crystal structures such as a herringbone, brick-wall, tilted brick-wall, and (tilted) ladder-like structures. More specifically, we determine the optimal parameters to enhance crystallization, and investigate the nucleation process. Additionally, we explore the potential of using crystalline monolayers as templates for deposition, thereby creating complex three-dimensional structures that hold promise for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Camerin
- Soft Condensed Matter & Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral MetaMatter (WPI-SKCM2), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Susana Marín-Aguilar
- Soft Condensed Matter & Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Dijkstra
- Soft Condensed Matter & Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral MetaMatter (WPI-SKCM2), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
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30
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Rocha BC, Vashisth H. Porous Self-Assemblies Mediated by Dumbbell Particles as Cross-Linking Agents. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:1590-1599. [PMID: 37650723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of colloidal particles is emerging as a promising approach for producing novel materials. These colloidal particles can be synthesized with protrusions (lobes) on their surfaces that allow the formation of porous structures with a wide range of applications. Using Langevin dynamics simulations, we studied self-assembly in the binary mixtures of lobed colloidal particles with variations in their lobe sizes to investigate the feasibility of using dumbbell particles (with two lobes) as cross-linkers to increase the porosity in self-assembled morphologies. Each binary system was formed by mixing the dumbbell particles with one of the following types of particles: trigonal planar (three lobes), tetrahedral (four lobes), trigonal bipyramidal (five lobes), and octahedral (six lobes). We observed that the lobe size on each particle can be tuned to favor the formation of random aggregates and spherical aggregates when the lobes are larger and well-ordered crystalline structures when the lobes are smaller. We also observed that these polydisperse systems form self-assembled structures characterized by porosities higher than those of the structures formed by the monodisperse systems. These results indicate that the lobe size is an important design feature that can be optimized to achieve desired structures with distinct morphologies and porosities, and the dumbbell particles are effective cross-linking agents to enhance the porosity in self-assembled structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunno C Rocha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Harish Vashisth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
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31
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Huang Y, Wu C, Chen J, Tang J. Colloidal Self-Assembly: From Passive to Active Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313885. [PMID: 38059754 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly fundamentally implies the organization of small sub-units into large structures or patterns without the intervention of specific local interactions. This process is commonly observed in nature, occurring at various scales ranging from atomic/molecular assembly to the formation of complex biological structures. Colloidal particles may serve as micrometer-scale surrogates for studying assembly, particularly for the poorly understood kinetic and dynamic processes at the atomic scale. Recent advances in colloidal self-assembly have enabled the programmable creation of novel materials with tailored properties. We here provide an overview and comparison of both passive and active colloidal self-assembly, with a discussion on the energy landscape and interactions governing both types. In the realm of passive colloidal assembly, many impressive and important structures have been realized, including colloidal molecules, one-dimensional chains, two-dimensional lattices, and three-dimensional crystals. In contrast, active colloidal self-assembly, driven by optical, electric, chemical, or other fields, involves more intricate dynamic processes, offering more flexibility and potential new applications. A comparative analysis underscores the critical distinctions between passive and active colloidal assemblies, highlighting the unique collective behaviors emerging in active systems. These behaviors encompass collective motion, motility-induced phase segregation, and exotic properties arising from out-of-equilibrium thermodynamics. Through this comparison, we aim to identify the future opportunities in active assembly research, which may suggest new application domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Changjin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jinyao Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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32
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Kalapurakal RM, Rocha BC, Vashisth H. Self-Assembly in an Experimentally Realistic Model of Lobed Patchy Colloids. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:535-542. [PMID: 36698242 PMCID: PMC10880053 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Colloids with lobed architectures have been shown to self-assemble into promising porous structures with potential biomedical applications. The synthesis of these colloids via experiments can be tuned to vary the number and the position of the lobes. However, the polydispersity involving the numbers, sizes, and the dispositions of lobes, that is often observed in particle designs, can significantly affect their self-assembled structures. In this work, we go beyond the uniform lobe size conditions commonly considered in molecular simulations, and probe the effect of polydispersity due to non-uniform lobe sizes by studying self-assembly in three experimentally observable designs of lobed particles (dumbbell, two lobes; trigonal planar, three lobes; and tetrahedral, four lobes), using coarse-grained Langevin dynamics simulations in the NVT ensemble. With increasing polydispersity, we observed the formation of a crystalline structure from a disordered state for the dumbbell system, and a loss of order in the crystalline structures for the trigonal planar system. The tetrahedral system retained a crystalline structure with only a minor loss in compactness. We observed that the effect of polydispersity on the self-assembled morphology of a given system can be minimized by increasing the number of lobes. The polydispersity in the lobe size may also be useful in tuning self-assemblies toward desired structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brunno C. Rocha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hamphire, Durham, New Hampshire03824, United States
| | - Harish Vashisth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hamphire, Durham, New Hampshire03824, United States
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33
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Swinkels PJM, Sinaasappel R, Gong Z, Sacanna S, Meyer WV, Sciortino F, Schall P. Networks of Limited-Valency Patchy Particles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:078203. [PMID: 38427857 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.078203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Equilibrium gels provide physically attractive counterparts of nonequilibrium gels, allowing statistical understanding and design of the equilibrium gel structure. Here, we assemble two-dimensional equilibrium gels from limited-valency "patchy" colloidal particles and follow their evolution at the particle scale to elucidate cluster-size distributions and free energies. By finely adjusting the patch attraction with critical Casimir forces, we let a mixture of two-valent and pseudo-three-valent patchy particles approach the percolated network state through a set of equilibrium states. Comparing this equilibrium route with a deep quench, we find that both routes approach the percolated state via the same equilibrium states, revealing that the network topology is uniquely set by the particle bond angles, independent of the formation history. The limited-valency system follows percolation theory remarkably well, approaching the percolation point with the expected universal exponents.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J M Swinkels
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Sinaasappel
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Z Gong
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003-6688, USA
| | - S Sacanna
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003-6688, USA
| | - W V Meyer
- Universities Space Research Association, with GEARS, NASA Glenn Research Center, 2001 Aerospace Parkway, Brook Park, Ohio 44152, USA
| | | | - P Schall
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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34
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Fujita M, Toyotama A, Okuzono T, Niinomi H, Yamanaka J. Formation of two-dimensional diamond-like colloidal crystals using layer-by-layer electrostatic self-assembly. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:985-992. [PMID: 38197135 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01278f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
We report here that a two-dimensional (2D) diamond-like structure of micron-sized colloidal particles can be obtained by layer-by-layer self-assembly. Positively and negatively charged silica particles, 1 μm in diameter, were used in the experiments. On a positively charged, flat glass substrate, the first layer of negatively charged particles was prepared to form a non-close-packed 2D crystal. Then the second and third layers were fabricated using electrostatic adsorption. The positions of adsorbed particles were controllable by tuning the zeta-potential of the particles and the salt concentration of the medium. The FDTD calculations show that the 2D diamond structures of particles with higher refractive index (titania) have an absorption band in the wavelength range corresponding to the photonic band gap of the 3D bulk crystal. We expect these findings to be useful for the fabrication of novel photonic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minori Fujita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe, Mizuho, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Akiko Toyotama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe, Mizuho, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Tohru Okuzono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe, Mizuho, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Hiromasa Niinomi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Junpei Yamanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe, Mizuho, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
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35
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Beneduce C, Sciortino F, Šulc P, Russo J. Engineering Azeotropy to Optimize the Self-Assembly of Colloidal Mixtures. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24841-24853. [PMID: 38048489 PMCID: PMC10753881 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The goal of inverse self-assembly is to design interparticle interactions capable of assembling the units into a desired target structure. The effective assembly of complex structures often requires the use of multiple components, each new component increasing the thermodynamic degrees of freedom and, hence, the complexity of the self-assembly pathway. In this work we explore the possibility to use azeotropy, i.e., a special thermodynamic condition where the system behaves effectively as a one-component system, as a way to control the self-assembly of an arbitrary number of components. Exploiting the mass-balance equations, we show how to select patchy particle systems that exhibit azeotropic points along the desired self-assembly pathway. As an example we map the phase diagram of a binary mixture that, by design, fully assembles into cubic (and only cubic) diamond crystal via an azeotropic point. The ability to explicitly include azeotropic points in artificial designs reveals effective pathways for the self-assembly of complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Beneduce
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Sapienza Università di
Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Sciortino
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Sapienza Università di
Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Petr Šulc
- School
of Molecular Sciences and Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics,
The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 South McAllister Avenue, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
- School
of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, TU Munich, Am Coulombwall
4a, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - John Russo
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Sapienza Università di
Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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36
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Marín-Aguilar S, Camerin F, van der Ham S, Feasson A, Vutukuri HR, Dijkstra M. A colloidal viewpoint on the sausage catastrophe and the finite sphere packing problem. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7896. [PMID: 38036561 PMCID: PMC10689752 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It is commonly believed that the most efficient way to pack a finite number of equal-sized spheres is by arranging them tightly in a cluster. However, mathematicians have conjectured that a linear arrangement may actually result in the densest packing. Here, our combined experimental and simulation study provides a physical realization of the finite sphere packing problem by studying arrangements of colloids in a flaccid lipid vesicle. We map out a state diagram displaying linear, planar, and cluster conformations of spheres, as well as bistable states which alternate between cluster-plate and plate-linear conformations due to membrane fluctuations. Finally, by systematically analyzing truncated polyhedral packings, we identify clusters of 56 ≤ N ≤ 70 number of spheres, excluding N = 57 and 63, that pack more efficiently than linear arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Marín-Aguilar
- Soft Condensed Matter & Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Fabrizio Camerin
- Soft Condensed Matter & Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM²), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Stijn van der Ham
- Active Soft Matter and Bio-inspired Materials Lab, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Andréa Feasson
- Active Soft Matter and Bio-inspired Materials Lab, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Hanumantha Rao Vutukuri
- Active Soft Matter and Bio-inspired Materials Lab, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Marjolein Dijkstra
- Soft Condensed Matter & Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM²), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan.
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37
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Moerman PG, Fang H, Videbæk TE, Rogers WB, Schulman R. A simple method to alter the binding specificity of DNA-coated colloids that crystallize. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:8779-8789. [PMID: 37942543 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01105d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
DNA-coated colloids can crystallize into a multitude of lattices, ranging from face-centered cubic to diamond, opening avenues to producing structures with useful photonic properties. The potential design space of DNA-coated colloids is large, but its exploration is hampered by a reliance on chemically modified DNA that is slow and expensive to commercially synthesize. Here we introduce a method to controllably tailor the sequences of DNA-coated particles by covalently appending new sequence domains onto the DNA grafted to colloidal particles. The tailored particles crystallize as readily and at the same temperature as those produced via direct chemical synthesis, making them suitable for self-assembly. Moreover, we show that particles coated with a single sequence can be converted into a variety of building blocks with differing specificities by appending different DNA sequences to them. This method will make it practical to identify optimal and complex particle sequence designs and paves the way to programming the assembly kinetics of DNA-coated colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pepijn G Moerman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Huang Fang
- Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA.
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Thomas E Videbæk
- Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA.
| | - W Benjamin Rogers
- Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA.
| | - Rebecca Schulman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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38
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Dissanayake TU, Hughes J, Woehl TJ. Dynamic surface chemistry and interparticle interactions mediating chemically fueled dissipative assembly of colloids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:972-982. [PMID: 37453321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Dissipative assembly of colloids involves using a chemical fuel to temporarily activate organic colloid surface ligands to an assembly prone state. Colloids assemble into transient aggregates that disintegrate after the fuel is consumed. The underlying colloidal interactions controlling dissipative assembly have not been rigorously identified or quantified. We expect that fuel concentration dependent dissipative assembly behavior can be reconciled with measurements of dynamic colloid surface chemistry and colloidal interactions. EXPERIMENTS Carbodiimide chemistry was utilized to induce dissipative assembly of carboxylic acid functionalized polystyrene colloids. We measured aggregation kinetics, colloid surface hydrophobicity, and zeta potential as a function of time, which established that colloids underwent dissipative assembly for fuel concentrations between 5 and 12.5 mM and irreversible aggregation at higher fuel concentrations due to transient changes in surface chemistry. FINDINGS We formulated a pairwise colloidal interaction potential model including hydrophobic interactions quantified by fluorescence binding experiments. Fuel concentrations causing dissipative assembly displayed a transient increase in secondary minimum depth and a primary maximum much larger than the thermal potential. Fuel concentrations leading to irreversible aggregation displayed a primary maximum smaller than the thermal potential. This is the first study to quantify surface chemistry and interparticle interactions during dissipative colloid assembly and represents a foundational step in rationally designing more complex dissipative assembly systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilini U Dissanayake
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Justin Hughes
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Taylor J Woehl
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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39
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Matos IQ, Escobedo FA. Self-Assembling of Nonadditive Mixtures Containing Patchy Particles with Tunable Interactions. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:8982-8992. [PMID: 37795929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Mixtures of nanoparticles (NPs) with hybridizing grafted DNA or DNA-like strands have been of particular interest because of the tunable selectivity provided for the interactions between the NP components. A richer self-assembly behavior would be accessible if these NP-NP interactions could be designed to give nonadditive mixing (in analogy to the case of molecular components). Nonadditive mixing occurs when the mixed-state volume is smaller (negative) or larger (positive) than the sum of the individual components' volumes. However, instances of nonadditivity in colloidal/NP mixtures are rare, and systematic studies of such mixtures are nonexistent. This work focuses on patchy NPs whose patches (coarsely representing grafted hybridizing DNA strands) not only encode selectivity across components but also impart a tunable nonadditivity by varying their extent of protrusion. To guide the exploration of the relationship between phase behavior and nonadditivity for different patches' designs, the NP-NP potential of mean force (PMF) and a nonadditive parameter were first calculated. For one-patch NPs, different lamellar morphologies were predominantly observed. In contrast, for mixtures of two-patch NPs and (fully grafted) spherical particles, a rich phase behavior was found depending on patch-patch angle and degree of nonadditivity, resulting in phases such as the gyroid, cylinder, honeycomb, and two-layered crystal. Our results also show that both minimum positive nonadditivity and multivalent interactions are necessary for the formation of ordered network mesophases in the class of models studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Quintela Matos
- R. F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Fernando A Escobedo
- R. F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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40
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Dorbic K, Lattuada M. Synthesis of dimpled polymer particles and polymer particles with protrusions - Past, present, and future. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 320:102998. [PMID: 37729785 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Since the development of emulsion polymerization techniques, polymer particles have become the epitome of standard colloids due to the exceptional control over size, size distribution, and composition the synthesis methods allow reaching. The exploration of different variations of the synthesis methods has led to the discovery of more advanced techniques, enabling control over their composition and shape. Many early investigations focused on forming particles with protrusions (with one protrusion, called dumbbell particles) and particles with concavities, also called dimpled particles. This paper reviews the literature covering the synthesis, functionalization, and applications of both types of particles. The focus has been on the rationalization of the various approaches used to prepare such particles and on the discussion of the mechanisms of formation not just from the experimental viewpoint but also from the standpoint of thermodynamics. The primary motivation to combine in a single review the preparation of both types of particles has been the observation of similarities among some of the methods developed to prepare dimpled particles, which sometimes include the formation of particles with protrusions and vice versa. The most common applications of these particles have been discussed as well. By looking at the different approaches developed in the literature under one general perspective, we hope to stimulate a more ample use of these particles and promote the development of even more effective synthetic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kata Dorbic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Marco Lattuada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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41
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Song Y, Zhou J, Zhu Z, Li X, Zhang Y, Shen X, O'Reilly P, Li X, Liang X, Jiang L, Wang S. Heterostructure particles enable omnidispersible in water and oil towards organic dye recycle. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5779. [PMID: 37723155 PMCID: PMC10507067 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dispersion of colloidal particles in water or oil is extensively desired for industrial and environmental applications. However, it often strongly depends on indispensable assistance of chemical surfactants or introduction of nanoprotrusions onto the particle surface. Here we demonstrate the omnidispersity of hydrophilic-hydrophobic heterostructure particles (HL-HBPs), synthesized by a surface heterogeneous nanostructuring strategy. Photo-induced force microscopy (PiFM) and adhesion force images both indicate the heterogeneous distribution of hydrophilic domains and hydrophobic domains on the particle surface. These alternating domains allow HL-HBPs to be dispersed in various solvents with different polarity and boiling point. The HL-HBPs can efficiently adsorb organic dyes from water and release them into organic solvents within several seconds. The surface heterogeneous nanostructuring strategy provides an unconventional approach to achieve omnidispersion of colloidal particles beyond surface modification, and the omnidispersible HL-HBPs demonstrate superior capability for dye recycle merely by solvent exchange. These omnidispersible HL-HBPs show great potentials in industrial process and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Zhou
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhongpeng Zhu
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | | | - Xiuling Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, P. R. China.
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42
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Wang Y, Chen J, Li R, Götz A, Drobek D, Przybilla T, Hübner S, Pelz P, Yang L, Apeleo Zubiri B, Spiecker E, Engel M, Ye X. Controlled Self-Assembly of Gold Nanotetrahedra into Quasicrystals and Complex Periodic Supracrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17902-17911. [PMID: 37534987 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of shape-anisotropic nanocrystals into large-scale structures is a versatile and scalable approach to creating multifunctional materials. The tetrahedral geometry is ubiquitous in natural and manmade materials, yet regular tetrahedra present a formidable challenge in understanding their self-assembly behavior as they do not tile space. Here, we report diverse supracrystals from gold nanotetrahedra including the quasicrystal (QC) and the dimer packing predicted more than a decade ago and hitherto unknown phases. We solve the complex three-dimensional (3D) structure of the QC by a combination of electron microscopy, tomography, and synchrotron X-ray scattering. Nanotetrahedron vertex sharpness, surface ligands, and assembly conditions work in concert to regulate supracrystal structure. We also discover that the surface curvature of supracrystals can induce structural changes of the QC tiling and eventually, for small supracrystals with high curvature, stabilize a hexagonal approximant. Our findings bridge the gap between computational design and experimental realization of soft matter assemblies and demonstrate the importance of accurate control over nanocrystal attributes and the assembly conditions to realize increasingly complex nanopolyhedron supracrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Alexander Götz
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, IZNF, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Drobek
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, IZNF, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Przybilla
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, IZNF, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Hübner
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, IZNF, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Pelz
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, IZNF, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lin Yang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Benjamin Apeleo Zubiri
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, IZNF, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, IZNF, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Engel
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, IZNF, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xingchen Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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43
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Ding L, Chen X, Ma W, Li J, Liu X, Fan C, Yao G. DNA-mediated regioselective encoding of colloids for programmable self-assembly. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5684-5705. [PMID: 37522252 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00845a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
How far we can push chemical self-assembly is one of the most important scientific questions of the century. Colloidal self-assembly is a bottom-up technique for the rational design of functional materials with desirable collective properties. Due to the programmability of DNA base pairing, surface modification of colloidal particles with DNA has become fundamental for programmable material self-assembly. However, there remains an ever-lasting demand for surface regioselective encoding to realize assemblies that require specific, directional, and orthogonal interactions. Recent advances in surface chemistry have enabled regioselective control over the formation of DNA bonds on the particle surface. In particular, the structural DNA nanotechnology provides a simple yet powerful design strategy with unique regioselective addressability, bringing the complexity of colloidal self-assembly to an unprecedented level. In this review, we summarize the state-of-art advances in DNA-mediated regioselective surface encoding of colloids, with a focus on how the regioselective encoding is introduced and how the regioselective DNA recognition plays a crucial role in the self-assembly of colloidal structures. This review highlights the advantages of DNA-based regioselective modification in improving the complexity of colloidal assembly, and outlines the challenges and opportunities for the construction of more complex architectures with tailored functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjiang Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Wenhe Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jiang Li
- Institute of Materiobiology, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiaoguo Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Guangbao Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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44
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Hensley A, Videbæk TE, Seyforth H, Jacobs WM, Rogers WB. Macroscopic photonic single crystals via seeded growth of DNA-coated colloids. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4237. [PMID: 37454159 PMCID: PMC10349826 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Photonic crystals-a class of materials whose optical properties derive from their structure in addition to their composition-can be created by self-assembling particles whose sizes are comparable to the wavelengths of visible light. Proof-of-principle studies have shown that DNA can be used to guide the self-assembly of micrometer-sized colloidal particles into fully programmable crystal structures with photonic properties in the visible spectrum. However, the extremely temperature-sensitive kinetics of micrometer-sized DNA-functionalized particles has frustrated attempts to grow large, monodisperse crystals that are required for photonic metamaterial applications. Here we describe a robust two-step protocol for self-assembling single-domain crystals that contain millions of optical-scale DNA-functionalized particles: Monodisperse crystals are initially assembled in monodisperse droplets made by microfluidics, after which they are grown to macroscopic dimensions via seeded diffusion-limited growth. We demonstrate the generality of our approach by assembling different macroscopic single-domain photonic crystals with metamaterial properties, like structural coloration, that depend on the underlying crystal structure. By circumventing the fundamental kinetic traps intrinsic to crystallization of optical-scale DNA-coated colloids, we eliminate a key barrier to engineering photonic devices from DNA-programmed materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hensley
- Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - Thomas E Videbæk
- Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - Hunter Seyforth
- Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - William M Jacobs
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
| | - W Benjamin Rogers
- Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA.
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45
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Lyu D, Xu W, Zhou N, Duan W, Wang Z, Mu Y, Zhou R, Wang Y. Biomimetic thermoresponsive superstructures by colloidal soft-and-hard co-assembly. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh2250. [PMID: 37390212 PMCID: PMC10313167 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh2250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Soft-and-hard hybrid structures are ubiquitous in biological systems and have inspired the design of man-made mechanical devices, actuators, and robots. The realization of these structures, however, has been challenging at microscale, where material integration and actuation become exceedingly less practical. Here, through simple colloidal assembly, we create microscale superstructures consisting of soft and hard materials, which, serving as microactuators, have thermoresponsive shape-transforming properties. In this case, anisotropic metal-organic framework (MOF) particles as the hard components are integrated with liquid droplets, forming spine-mimicking colloidal chains via valence-limited assembly. The chains, with alternating soft and hard segments, are referred to as MicroSpine and can reversibly change shape, switching between straight and curved states through a thermoresponsive swelling/deswelling mechanism. By solidification of the liquid parts within a chain with prescribed patterns, we design various chain morphologies, such as "colloidal arms," with controlled actuating behaviors. The chains are further used to build colloidal capsules, which encapsulate and release guests by the temperature-programmed actuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengping Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nansen Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wendi Duan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yijiang Mu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Renjie Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
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46
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Baran Ł, Tarasewicz D, Kamiński DM, Rżysko W. Pursuing colloidal diamonds. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:10623-10633. [PMID: 37310349 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01771k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The endeavor to selectively fabricate a cubic diamond is challenging due to the formation of competing phases such as its hexagonal polymorph or others possessing similar free energy. The necessity to achieve this is of paramount importance since the cubic diamond is the only polymorph exhibiting a complete photonic bandgap, making it a promising candidate in view of photonic applications. Herein, we demonstrate that due to the presence of an external field and delicate manipulation of its strength we can attain selectivity in the formation of a cubic diamond in a one-component system comprised of designer tetrahedral patchy particles. The driving force of such a phenomenon is the structure of the first adlayer which is commensurate with the (110) face of the cubic diamond. Moreover, after a successful nucleation event, once the external field is turned off, the structure remains stable, paving an avenue for further post-synthetic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Baran
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria-Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Pl. M Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Tarasewicz
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria-Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Pl. M Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Daniel M Kamiński
- Department of Organic and Crystalochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria-Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Pl. M Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Rżysko
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria-Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Pl. M Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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47
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Shelke Y, Camerin F, Marín-Aguilar S, Verweij RW, Dijkstra M, Kraft DJ. Flexible Colloidal Molecules with Directional Bonds and Controlled Flexibility. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37363931 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal molecules are ideal model systems for mimicking real molecules and can serve as versatile building blocks for the bottom-up self-assembly of flexible and smart materials. While most colloidal molecules are rigid objects, the development of colloidal joints has made it possible to endow them with conformational flexibility. However, their unrestricted range of motion does not capture the limited movement and bond directionality that is instead typical of real molecules. In this work, we create flexible colloidal molecules with an in situ controllable motion range and bond directionality by assembling spherical particles onto cubes functionalized with complementary surface-mobile DNA. By varying the sphere-to-cube size ratio, we obtain colloidal molecules with different coordination numbers and find that they feature a constrained range of motion above a critical size ratio. Using theory and simulations, we show that the particle shape together with the multivalent bonds creates an effective free-energy landscape for the motion of the sphere on the surface of the cube. We quantify the confinement of the spheres on the surface of the cube and the probability to change facet. We find that temperature can be used as an extra control parameter to switch in situ between full and constrained flexibility. These flexible colloidal molecules with a temperature switching motion range can be used to investigate the effect of directional yet flexible bonds in determining their self-assembly and phase behavior, and may be employed as constructional units in microrobotics and smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Shelke
- Soft Matter Physics, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, PO Box 9504, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Fabrizio Camerin
- Soft Condensed Matter & Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Susana Marín-Aguilar
- Soft Condensed Matter & Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben W Verweij
- Soft Matter Physics, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, PO Box 9504, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Dijkstra
- Soft Condensed Matter & Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela J Kraft
- Soft Matter Physics, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, PO Box 9504, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
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Zou H, Ren Y. Synthetic strategies for nonporous organosilica nanoparticles from organosilanes. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37326150 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00791j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organosilica nanoparticles refer to silica nanoparticles containing carbon along with organic or functional groups and can be divided into mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles and nonporous organosilica nanoparticles. During the past few decades, considerable efforts have been devoted to the development of organosilica nanoparticles directly from organosilanes. However, most of the reports have focused on mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles, while relatively few are concerned with nonporous organosilica nanoparticles. The synthesis of nonporous organosilica nanoparticles typically involves (i) self-condensation of an organosilane as the single source, (ii) co-condensation of two or more types of organosilanes, (iii) co-condensation of tetraalkoxysilane and an organosilane, and (iv) spontaneous emulsification and the subsequent radical polymerization of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TPM). This article aims to provide a review on the synthetic strategies of this important type of colloidal particle, followed by a brief discussion on their applications and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zou
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Yuhang Ren
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China.
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49
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Abstract
Active colloids use energy input at the particle level to propel persistent motion and direct dynamic assemblies. We consider three types of colloids animated by chemical reactions, time-varying magnetic fields, and electric currents. For each type, we review the basic propulsion mechanisms at the particle level and discuss their consequences for collective behaviors in particle ensembles. These microscopic systems provide useful experimental models of nonequilibrium many-body physics in which dissipative currents break time-reversal symmetry. Freed from the constraints of thermodynamic equilibrium, active colloids assemble to form materials that move, reconfigure, heal, and adapt. Colloidal machines based on engineered particles and their assemblies provide a basis for mobile robots with increasing levels of autonomy. This review provides a conceptual framework for understanding and applying active colloids to create material systems that mimic the functions of living matter. We highlight opportunities for chemical engineers to contribute to this growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J M Bishop
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;
| | - Sibani Lisa Biswal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bhuvnesh Bharti
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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50
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Flavell W, Neophytou A, Demetriadou A, Albrecht T, Chakrabarti D. Programmed Self-Assembly of Single Colloidal Gyroids for Chiral Photonic Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211197. [PMID: 36864647 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gyroid structures are of extensive interest because they provide a rich platform for chiroptics as well as topological photonics. While the double-gyroid morphology as a bicontinuous structure is not uncommon in self-assembled soft materials, direct self-assembly of single-network gyroids has proven elusive. Here, an enantiomorphic pair of single-gyroid crystals comprising colloidal spheres is presented, and two distinct routes are demonstrated for programmed self-assembly of each single colloidal gyroid enantiomorph from rationally designed patchy spheres. The designer colloidal patchy spheres, which closely hew to their synthetic feasibility, are chiral, having either two staggered rectangular patches at opposite poles or four circular patches arranged in a well-defined geometry. The single colloidal gyroid, as well as its inverse structure, is shown to support a wide complete photonic bandgap in addition to exhibiting rich chiroptical properties, making them attractive chiral photonic crystals. The versatility of this single colloidal gyroid, the bottom-up routes devised here in silico, and the robustness of the design space for the chiral colloidal patchy spheres together make a strong case for single colloidal gyroids to supersede colloidal diamond, as a target for programmed self-assembly, in the quest for photonic crystals operating at optical frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Flavell
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andreas Neophytou
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Angela Demetriadou
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tim Albrecht
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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