1
|
Hashempour M, Kolahdoozan M. Taking inspiration from the natural tubular sponge to enhance momentum exchange in marine environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174070. [PMID: 38901596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Coral reefs consist of various alive elements with specific biological functions. Tubular sponges, as the main coral reefs' constituents, have a marvelous mechanism. They receive nutrients by suctioning from the perforated body (Ostia) and pumping the un-digested materials through the water column from the top mouth (Osculum). This mechanism can be an inspiration for making a device to control or improve sediment/pollutant transport. In the current study, an attempt has been made to evaluate an inspired concept's effects on flow hydrodynamics. In this regard, OpenFOAM® V. 1812 (interFOAM solver) and image processing technique were deployed. The perforated finite-height cylinders (height to diameter ratio of 2.5) with various suction/pump discharges (i.e., J = 150, 300, 350, 400, 450, and 600 lit/h) were considered. The results indicated that increasing the outflow discharge (J ≥ 600 lit/h) could widen the wake by flapping the shear layer. In the vertical plane, the results showed that dipole vortices turned into quadrupole vortex. On the free surface, tip-vortices and counter-rotating vortex pairs (CRVP) generated saw-toothed vortices on two sides of the cylinder. Generating these unique vortices is proof of enhancing the momentum exchange through the water column.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Hashempour
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Kolahdoozan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xiao Y, Fani N, Tavangarian F, Peco C. Nested structure role in the mechanical response of spicule inspired fibers. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2024; 19:046008. [PMID: 38714195 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ad483e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Euplectella aspergillummarine sponge spicules are renowned for their remarkable strength and toughness. These spicules exhibit a unique concentric layering structure, which contributes to their exceptional mechanical resistance. In this study, finite element method simulations were used to comprehensively investigate the effect of nested cylindrical structures on the mechanical properties of spicules. This investigation leveraged scanning electron microscopy images to guide the computational modeling of the microstructure and the results were validated by three-point bending tests of 3D-printed spicule-inspired structures. The numerical analyses showed that the nested structure of spicules induces stress and strain jumps on the layer interfaces, reducing the load on critical zones of the fiber and increasing its toughness. It was found that this effect shows a tapering enhancement as the number of layers increases, which combines with a threshold related to the 3D-printing manufacturability to suggest a compromise for optimal performance. A comprehensive evaluation of the mechanical properties of these fibers can assist in developing a new generation of bioinspired structures with practical real-world applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Xiao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - N Fani
- Mechanical Engineering Program, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA 17057, United States of America
| | - F Tavangarian
- Mechanical Engineering Program, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA 17057, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - C Peco
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
McCullough JWS, Coveney PV. Uncertainty quantification of the lattice Boltzmann method focussing on studies of human-scale vascular blood flow. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11317. [PMID: 38760455 PMCID: PMC11101457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61708-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Uncertainty quantification is becoming a key tool to ensure that numerical models can be sufficiently trusted to be used in domains such as medical device design. Demonstration of how input parameters impact the quantities of interest generated by any numerical model is essential to understanding the limits of its reliability. With the lattice Boltzmann method now a widely used approach for computational fluid dynamics, building greater understanding of its numerical uncertainty characteristics will support its further use in science and industry. In this study we apply an in-depth uncertainty quantification study of the lattice Boltzmann method in a canonical bifurcating geometry that is representative of the vascular junctions present in arterial and venous domains. These campaigns examine how quantities of interest-pressure and velocity along the central axes of the bifurcation-are influenced by the algorithmic parameters of the lattice Boltzmann method and the parameters controlling the values imposed at inlet velocity and outlet pressure boundary conditions. We also conduct a similar campaign on a set of personalised vessels to further illustrate the application of these techniques. Our work provides insights into how input parameters and boundary conditions impact the velocity and pressure distributions calculated in a simulation and can guide the choices of such values when applied to vascular studies of patient specific geometries. We observe that, from an algorithmic perspective, the number of time steps and the size of the grid spacing are the most influential parameters. When considering the influence of boundary conditions, we note that the magnitude of the inlet velocity and the mean pressure applied within sinusoidal pressure outlets have the greatest impact on output quantities of interest. We also observe that, when comparing the magnitude of variation imposed in the input parameters with that observed in the output quantities, this variability is particularly magnified when the input velocity is altered. This study also demonstrates how open-source toolkits for validation, verification and uncertainty quantification can be applied to numerical models deployed on high-performance computers without the need for modifying the simulation code itself. Such an ability is key to the more widespread adoption of the analysis of uncertainty in numerical models by significantly reducing the complexity of their execution and analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon W S McCullough
- Centre for Computational Science, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter V Coveney
- Centre for Computational Science, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
- Centre for Advanced Research Computing, University College London, London, UK.
- Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Falcucci G, Amati G, Bella G, Facci AL, Krastev VK, Polverino G, Succi S, Porfiri M. Adapting to the Abyss: Passive Ventilation in the Deep-Sea Glass Sponge Euplectella aspergillum. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:208402. [PMID: 38829072 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.208402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
We analyze the flow physics inside the body cavity and downstream the deep-sea glass sponge Euplectella aspergillum. We provide evidence that the helical skeletal motifs of the sponge give rise to a rich fluid dynamic field, allowing the organism to scavenge flow from the bottom of the sea and promoting a spontaneous, organized vertical flow within its body cavity toward the osculum. Our analysis points at a functional adaptation of the organism, which can passively divert flow through the osculum in unfavorable, low ambient currents, with no need for active pumping, with potential repercussions in functional ecology, as well as the design of chemical reactors, air-treatment units, and civil and aeronaval structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Falcucci
- Department of Enterprise Engineering "Mario Lucertini", University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 33 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Giorgio Amati
- SCAI - SuperComputing Applications and Innovation Department - CINECA, Via dei Tizii 6, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gino Bella
- Università Niccolò Cusano - Telematica Roma, Via don Gnocchi - 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Luigi Facci
- DEIM - School of Engineering, University of Tuscia, Via del Paradiso 47, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Vesselin K Krastev
- Department of Enterprise Engineering "Mario Lucertini", University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Polverino
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne 3800, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sauro Succi
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 33 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Italian Institute of Technology, Piazzale Aldo Moro 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Porfiri
- Center for Urban Science and Progress, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, 370 Jay Street, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu HP, Zhu YJ. Guidelines derived from biomineralized tissues for design and construction of high-performance biomimetic materials: from weak to strong. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4490-4606. [PMID: 38502087 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00513a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Living organisms in nature have undergone continuous evolution over billions of years, resulting in the formation of high-performance fracture-resistant biomineralized tissues such as bones and teeth to fulfill mechanical and biological functions, despite the fact that most inorganic biominerals that constitute biomineralized tissues are weak and brittle. During the long-period evolution process, nature has evolved a number of highly effective and smart strategies to design chemical compositions and structures of biomineralized tissues to enable superior properties and to adapt to surrounding environments. Most biomineralized tissues have hierarchically ordered structures consisting of very small building blocks on the nanometer scale (nanoparticles, nanofibers or nanoflakes) to reduce the inherent weaknesses and brittleness of corresponding inorganic biominerals, to prevent crack initiation and propagation, and to allow high defect tolerance. The bioinspired principles derived from biomineralized tissues are indispensable for designing and constructing high-performance biomimetic materials. In recent years, a large number of high-performance biomimetic materials have been prepared based on these bioinspired principles with a large volume of literature covering this topic. Therefore, a timely and comprehensive review on this hot topic is highly important and contributes to the future development of this rapidly evolving research field. This review article aims to be comprehensive, authoritative, and critical with wide general interest to the science community, summarizing recent advances in revealing the formation processes, composition, and structures of biomineralized tissues, providing in-depth insights into guidelines derived from biomineralized tissues for the design and construction of high-performance biomimetic materials, and discussing recent progress, current research trends, key problems, future main research directions and challenges, and future perspectives in this exciting and rapidly evolving research field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China.
| | - Ying-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ju L, Guo Z, Yan B, Sun S. Implementation of contact line motion based on the phase-field lattice Boltzmann method. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:045307. [PMID: 38755877 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.045307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
This paper proposes a strategy to implement the free-energy-based wetting boundary condition within the phase-field lattice Boltzmann method. The greatest advantage of the proposed method is that the implementation of contact line motion can be significantly simplified while still maintaining good accuracy. For this purpose, the liquid-solid free energy is treated as a part of the chemical potential instead of the boundary condition, thus avoiding complicated interpolations with irregular geometries. Several numerical testing cases, including droplet spreading processes on the idea flat, inclined, and curved boundaries, are conducted, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method has good ability and satisfactory accuracy to simulate contact line motions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Ju
- Computational Transport Phenomena Laboratory (CTPL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhaoli Guo
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research for Mathematics and Applied Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bicheng Yan
- Energy Resource and Petroleum Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuyu Sun
- Computational Transport Phenomena Laboratory (CTPL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Silva DPF, Coelho RCV, Pagonabarraga I, Succi S, Telo da Gama MM, Araújo NAM. Lattice Boltzmann simulation of deformable fluid-filled bodies: progress and perspectives. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2419-2441. [PMID: 38420837 PMCID: PMC10933750 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01648j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid development of studies involving droplet microfluidics, drug delivery, cell detection, and microparticle synthesis, among others, many scientists have invested significant efforts to model the flow of these fluid-filled bodies. Motivated by the intricate coupling between hydrodynamics and the interactions of fluid-filled bodies, several methods have been developed. The objective of this review is to present a compact foundation of the methods used in the literature in the context of lattice Boltzmann methods. For hydrodynamics, we focus on the lattice Boltzmann method due to its specific ability to treat time- and spatial-dependent boundary conditions and to incorporate new physical models in a computationally efficient way. We split the existing methods into two groups with regard to the interfacial boundary: fluid-structure and fluid-fluid methods. The fluid-structure methods are characterised by the coupling between fluid dynamics and mechanics of the flowing body, often used in applications involving membranes and similar flexible solid boundaries. We further divide fluid-structure-based methods into two subcategories, those which treat the fluid-structure boundary as a continuum medium and those that treat it as a discrete collection of individual springs and particles. Next, we discuss the fluid-fluid methods, particularly useful for the simulations of fluid-fluid interfaces. We focus on models for immiscible droplets and their interaction in a suspending fluid and describe benchmark tests to validate the models for fluid-filled bodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo P F Silva
- Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo C V Coelho
- Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ignacio Pagonabarraga
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer de Martí Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sauro Succi
- Center for Life Nano Science at La Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 295 Viale Regina Elena, I/00161 Roma, Italy
- Harvard Institute for Applied Computational Science, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Margarida M Telo da Gama
- Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno A M Araújo
- Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Morankar S, Luktuke A, Nieto-Valeiras E, Mistry Y, Bhate D, Penick CA, Chawla N. Cholla cactus wood (Cylindropuntia imbricata): Hierarchical structure and micromechanical properties. Acta Biomater 2024; 174:269-280. [PMID: 38072224 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The Cholla cactus is a species of cacti that survives in arid environments and produces a unique mesh-like porous wood. In this article, we present a comprehensive investigation on the hierarchical structure and micromechanical properties of the Cholla cactus wood. Multiple approaches consisting of X-ray tomography, scanning electron microscopy, scanning probe microscopy, nanoindentation, and finite element simulations were used to gain insight into the structure, property, and design principles of the Cholla cactus wood. The microstructure of the Cholla cactus wood consists of different components, including vessels, rays, and fibers. In the present study, we quantitatively describe the structure of each of these wood components and their likely functions, both from the perspective of biological and mechanical behavior. Nanoindentation experiments revealed for the first time that the cell walls of the fibers exhibit stiffness and hardness higher than those of rays. Furthermore, the idea of making porous, thin-walled cylinders was abstracted from the design of vessel elements, and the structures inspired by this principle were studied in tensile and torsional loading conditions using finite element simulations. Finite element simulations revealed that the utilization of a larger volume of material to carry the load leads to an increase in toughness of these structures, and thus suggested that the pores should be architected to maximize the distribution of load. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The Cholla cactus wood possess a unique hierarchical structure that enables it to thrive in arid environments. Our correlative microscopy approach reveals incredible strategies that individual wood components exhibit to enable the survival of Cholla cactus in extreme environments. The present work quantifies the microstructure and mechanical properties of this very interesting natural system. We further investigate a design principle inspired by the vessel elements, one of the wood components of Cholla cactus, using finite element simulations. The study presented here advances our understanding of the structural significance of Cholla cactus and potentially other desert plants and will further help design architected structural materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Morankar
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Amey Luktuke
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Eugenia Nieto-Valeiras
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, Madrid 28906, Spain; Department of Materials Science, Polytechnic University of Madrid/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E. T. S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Yash Mistry
- School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks, Arizona State University, 7001 E Williams Field Rd, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
| | - Dhruv Bhate
- School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks, Arizona State University, 7001 E Williams Field Rd, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
| | - Clint A Penick
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Nikhilesh Chawla
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hagg A, Kliemank ML, Asteroth A, Wilde D, Bedrunka MC, Foysi H, Reith D. Efficient Quality Diversity Optimization of 3D Buildings through 2D Pre-Optimization. EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION 2023; 31:287-307. [PMID: 37023355 DOI: 10.1162/evco_a_00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Quality diversity algorithms can be used to efficiently create a diverse set of solutions to inform engineers' intuition. But quality diversity is not efficient in very expensive problems, needing hundreds of thousands of evaluations. Even with the assistance of surrogate models, quality diversity needs hundreds or even thousands of evaluations, which can make its use infeasible. In this study, we try to tackle this problem by using a pre-optimization strategy on a lower-dimensional optimization problem and then map the solutions to a higher-dimensional case. For a use case to design buildings that minimize wind nuisance, we show that we can predict flow features around 3D buildings from 2D flow features around building footprints. For a diverse set of building designs, by sampling the space of 2D footprints with a quality diversity algorithm, a predictive model can be trained that is more accurate than when trained on a set of footprints that were selected with a space-filling algorithm like the Sobol sequence. Simulating only 16 buildings in 3D, a set of 1,024 building designs with low predicted wind nuisance is created. We show that we can produce better machine learning models by producing training data with quality diversity instead of using common sampling techniques. The method can bootstrap generative design in a computationally expensive 3D domain and allow engineers to sweep the design space, understanding wind nuisance in early design phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hagg
- Institute of Technology, Resource and Energy-efficient Engineering (TREE), Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Sankt Augustin, 53757, Germany
| | - Martin L Kliemank
- Institute of Technology, Resource and Energy-efficient Engineering (TREE), Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Sankt Augustin, 53757, Germany
| | - Alexander Asteroth
- Institute of Technology, Resource and Energy-efficient Engineering (TREE), Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Sankt Augustin, 53757, Germany
| | - Dominik Wilde
- Institute of Technology, Resource and Energy-efficient Engineering (TREE), Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Sankt Augustin, 53757, Germany
- Dpt. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Siegen, Siegen, 57076, Germany
| | - Mario C Bedrunka
- Institute of Technology, Resource and Energy-efficient Engineering (TREE), Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Sankt Augustin, 53757, Germany
- Dpt. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Siegen, Siegen, 57076, Germany
| | - Holger Foysi
- Dpt. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Siegen, Siegen, 57076, Germany
| | - Dirk Reith
- Institute of Technology, Resource and Energy-efficient Engineering (TREE), Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Sankt Augustin, 53757, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Sankt Augustin, 53754, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Karnakov P, Litvinov S, Koumoutsakos P. Flow reconstruction by multiresolution optimization of a discrete loss with automatic differentiation. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2023; 46:59. [PMID: 37486579 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-023-00313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a potent computational method for the solution of inverse problems in fluid mechanics. We consider inverse problems formulated in terms of a deterministic loss function that can accommodate data and regularization terms. We introduce a multigrid decomposition technique that accelerates the convergence of gradient-based methods for optimization problems with parameters on a grid. We incorporate this multigrid technique to the Optimizing a DIscrete Loss (ODIL) framework. The multiresolution ODIL (mODIL) accelerates by an order of magnitude the original formalism and improves the avoidance of local minima. Moreover, mODIL accommodates the use of automatic differentiation for calculating the gradients of the loss function, thus facilitating the implementation of the framework. We demonstrate the capabilities of mODIL on a variety of inverse and flow reconstruction problems: solution reconstruction for the Burgers equation, inferring conductivity from temperature measurements, and inferring the body shape from wake velocity measurements in three dimensions. We also provide a comparative study with the related, popular Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) method. We demonstrate that mODIL has three to five orders of magnitude lower computational cost than PINNs in benchmark problems including simple PDEs and lid-driven cavity problems. Our results suggest that mODIL is a very potent, fast and consistent method for solving inverse problems in fluid mechanics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Karnakov
- Computational Science and Engineering Laboratory, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Sergey Litvinov
- Computational Science and Engineering Laboratory, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Computational Science and Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Clausiusstrasse 33, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petros Koumoutsakos
- Computational Science and Engineering Laboratory, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Voronkina A, Romanczuk-Ruszuk E, Przekop RE, Lipowicz P, Gabriel E, Heimler K, Rogoll A, Vogt C, Frydrych M, Wienclaw P, Stelling AL, Tabachnick K, Tsurkan D, Ehrlich H. Honeycomb Biosilica in Sponges: From Understanding Principles of Unique Hierarchical Organization to Assessing Biomimetic Potential. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:234. [PMID: 37366830 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural bioinspiration in modern material science and biomimetics represents an actual trend that was originally based on the bioarchitectural diversity of invertebrate skeletons, specifically, honeycomb constructs of natural origin, which have been in humanities focus since ancient times. We conducted a study on the principles of bioarchitecture regarding the unique biosilica-based honeycomb-like skeleton of the deep-sea glass sponge Aphrocallistes beatrix. Experimental data show, with compelling evidence, the location of actin filaments within honeycomb-formed hierarchical siliceous walls. Principles of the unique hierarchical organization of such formations are discussed. Inspired by poriferan honeycomb biosilica, we designed diverse models, including 3D printing, using PLA-, resin-, and synthetic-glass-prepared corresponding microtomography-based 3D reconstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alona Voronkina
- Pharmacy Department, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Pyrogov str. 56, 21018 Vinnytsia, Ukraine
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner Str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Eliza Romanczuk-Ruszuk
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska Str. 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Robert E Przekop
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Pawel Lipowicz
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska Str. 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Gabriel
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 8 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Korbinian Heimler
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Anika Rogoll
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Carla Vogt
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Milosz Frydrych
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 8 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Pawel Wienclaw
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 7, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Allison L Stelling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Konstantin Tabachnick
- International Institute of Biomineralogy GmbH, Am St.-Niclas Schacht 13, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Dmitry Tsurkan
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner Str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Ehrlich
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cao K, Zhu Y, Zheng Z, Cheng W, Zi Y, Zeng S, Zhao D, Yu H. Bio-Inspired Multiscale Design for Strong and Tough Biological Ionogels. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207233. [PMID: 36905237 PMCID: PMC10161113 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Structure design provides an effective solution to develop advanced soft materials with desirable mechanical properties. However, creating multiscale structures in ionogels to obtain strong mechanical properties is challenging. Here, an in situ integration strategy for producing a multiscale-structured ionogel (M-gel) via ionothermal-stimulated silk fiber splitting and moderate molecularization in the cellulose-ions matrix is reported. The produced M-gel shows a multiscale structural superiority comprised of microfibers, nanofibrils, and supramolecular networks. When this strategy is used to construct a hexactinellid inspired M-gel, the resultant biomimetic M-gel shows excellent mechanical properties including elastic modulus of 31.5 MPa, fracture strength of 6.52 MPa, toughness reaching 1540 kJ m-3 , and instantaneous impact resistance of 3.07 kJ m-1 , which are comparable to those of most previously reported polymeric gels and even hardwood. This strategy is generalizable to other biopolymers, offering a promising in situ design method for biological ionogels that can be expanded to more demanding load-bearing materials requiring greater impact resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Wanke Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Yifei Zi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Suqing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory on Resources Chemicals and Materials of Ministry of Education, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, P. R. China
| | - Haipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Morankar S, Mistry Y, Bhate D, Penick CA, Chawla N. In situ Investigations of Failure Mechanisms of Silica Fibers from the Venus Flower Basket (Euplectella Aspergillum). Acta Biomater 2023; 162:304-311. [PMID: 36963595 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
The fibers of the deep-sea sponge Euplectella aspergillum exhibit exceptional mechanical properties due to their unique layered structure at a micrometer length scale. In the present study, we utilize a correlative approach comprising of in situ tensile testing inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and post-failure fractography to precisely understand mechanisms through which layered architecture of fibers fracture and improves damage tolerance in tensile loading condition. The real-time observation of fibers in the present study confirms for the first time that the failure starts from the surface of fibers and proceeds to the center through successive layers. The concentric layers surrounding the central core sacrifice themselves and protect the central core through various toughening mechanisms like crack deflection, crack arrest, interface debonding, and fiber pullout. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biological materials often exhibit multiscale hierarchical structures that can be incorporated into the design of next generation of engineering materials. The fibers of deep-sea sponge E. aspergillum possess core-shell like layered architecture. Our in situ study reveals astounding strategies by which this architecture delays the fracture of the fiber. The core-shell architecture of these fibers behaves like fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite, where the outer shells act as a matrix and the central core acts as a fiber. The outer shells take the environmental brunt and scarify themselves to protect the central core. The precise understanding of damage evolution presented here will help to design architected materials for load-bearing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Morankar
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yash Mistry
- School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks, Arizona State University, 7001 E Williams Field Rd, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
| | - Dhruv Bhate
- School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks, Arizona State University, 7001 E Williams Field Rd, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
| | - Clint A Penick
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Nikhilesh Chawla
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tiribocchi A, Montessori A, Amati G, Bernaschi M, Bonaccorso F, Orlandini S, Succi S, Lauricella M. Lightweight lattice Boltzmann. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:104101. [PMID: 36922125 DOI: 10.1063/5.0139850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A regularized version of the lattice Boltzmann method for efficient simulation of soft materials is introduced. Unlike standard approaches, this method reconstructs the distribution functions from available hydrodynamic variables (density, momentum, and pressure tensor) without storing the full set of discrete populations. This scheme shows significantly lower memory requirements and data access costs. A series of benchmark tests of relevance to soft matter, such as collisions of fluid droplets, is discussed to validate the method. The results can be of particular interest for high-performance simulations of soft matter systems on future exascale computers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Tiribocchi
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo CNR, via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Montessori
- Department of Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Amati
- SCAI, SuperComputing Applications and Innovation Department, CINECA, Via dei Tizii, 6, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Massimo Bernaschi
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo CNR, via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Bonaccorso
- Department of Physics and INFN, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Orlandini
- SCAI, SuperComputing Applications and Innovation Department, CINECA, Via dei Tizii, 6, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Sauro Succi
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo CNR, via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Lauricella
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo CNR, via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Silva DPF, Coelho RCV, da Gama MMT, Araújo NAM. Effect of droplet deformability on shear thinning in a cylindrical channel. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:035106. [PMID: 37073003 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.035106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Droplets suspended in fluids flowing through microchannels are often encountered in different contexts and scales, from oil extraction down to microfluidics. They are usually flexible and deform as a product of the interplay between flexibility, hydrodynamics, and interaction with confining walls. Deformability adds distinct characteristics to the nature of the flow of these droplets. We simulate deformable droplets suspended in a fluid at a high volume fraction flowing through a cylindrical wetting channel. We find a discontinuous shear thinning transition, which depends on the droplet deformability. The capillary number is the main dimensionless parameter that controls the transition. Previous results have focused on two-dimensional configurations. Here we show that, in three dimensions, even the velocity profile is different. To perform this study, we improve and extend to three dimensions a multicomponent lattice Boltzmann method which prevents the coalescence between the droplets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo P F Silva
- Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal and Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo C V Coelho
- Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal and Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida M Telo da Gama
- Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal and Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno A M Araújo
- Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal and Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu X, Chai Z, Shi B. Improved hybrid Allen-Cahn phase-field-based lattice Boltzmann method for incompressible two-phase flows. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:035308. [PMID: 37073063 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.035308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work we develop an improved phase-field based lattice Boltzmann (LB) method where a hybrid Allen-Cahn equation (ACE) with a flexible weight instead of a global weight is used to suppress the numerical dispersion and eliminate the coarsening phenomenon. Then two LB models are adopted to solve the hybrid ACE and the Navier-Stokes equations, respectively. Through the Chapman-Enskog analysis, the present LB model can correctly recover the hybrid ACE, and the macroscopic order parameter used to label different phases can be calculated explicitly. Finally, the present LB method is validated by five tests, including the diagonal translation of a circular interface, two stationary bubbles with different radii, a bubble rising under the gravity, the Rayleigh-Taylor instability in two-dimensional and three-dimensional cases, and the three-dimensional Plateau-Rayleigh instability. The numerical results show that the present LB method has a superior performance in reducing the numerical dispersion and the coarsening phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Research for Mathematics and Applied Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China; and Hubei Key Laboratory of Engineering Modeling and Scientific Computing, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhenhua Chai
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Research for Mathematics and Applied Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China; and Hubei Key Laboratory of Engineering Modeling and Scientific Computing, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Baochang Shi
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Research for Mathematics and Applied Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China; and Hubei Key Laboratory of Engineering Modeling and Scientific Computing, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yin X, Yan Y, Zhang X, Bao B, Pi P, Zhou Y, Wen X, Jiang L. Designing Robust Superhydrophobic Materials for Inhibiting Nucleation of Clathrate Hydrates by Imitating Glass Sponges. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:318-327. [PMID: 36844482 PMCID: PMC9951277 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces are suggested to deal with hydrate blockage because they can greatly reduce adhesion with the formed hydrates. However, they may promote the formation of fresh hydrate nuclei by inducing an orderly arrangement of water molecules, further aggravating hydrate blockage and meanwhile suffering from their fragile surfaces. Here, inspired by glass sponges, we report a robust anti-hydrate-nucleation superhydrophobic three-dimensional (3D) porous skeleton, perfectly resolving the conflict between inhibiting hydrate nucleation and superhydrophobicity. The high specific area of the 3D porous skeleton ensures an increase in terminal hydroxyl (inhibitory groups) content without damaging the superhydrophobicity, achieving the inhibition to fresh hydrates and antiadhesion to formed hydrates. Molecular dynamics simulation results indicate that terminal hydroxyls on a superhydrophobic surface can inhibit the formation of hydrate cages by disordering the arrangement of water molecules. And experimental data prove that the induction time of hydrate formation was prolonged by 84.4% and the hydrate adhesive force was reduced by 98.7%. Furthermore, this porous skeleton still maintains excellent inhibition and antiadhesion properties even after erosion for 4 h at 1500 rpm. Therefore, this research paves the way toward developing novel materials applied in the oil and gas industry, carbon capture and storage, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yin
- School
of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Technology
Research Center of Advanced Insulating Coating, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyang Yan
- School
of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Technology
Research Center of Advanced Insulating Coating, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangning Zhang
- School
of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Technology
Research Center of Advanced Insulating Coating, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Bao
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science,
Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pihui Pi
- School
of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Technology
Research Center of Advanced Insulating Coating, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yahong Zhou
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science,
Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiufang Wen
- School
of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Technology
Research Center of Advanced Insulating Coating, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
d’Adamo A, Salerno E, Corda G, Ongaro C, Zardin B, Ruffini A, Orlandi G, Bertacchini J, Angeli D. Experimental measurements and CFD modelling of hydroxyapatite scaffolds in perfusion bioreactors for bone regeneration. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad002. [PMID: 36751469 PMCID: PMC9893872 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of bone tissue engineering, particular interest is devoted to the development of 3D cultures to study bone cell proliferation under conditions similar to in vivo ones, e.g. by artificially producing mechanical stresses promoting a biological response (mechanotransduction). Of particular relevance in this context are the effects generated by the flow shear stress, which governs the nutrients delivery rate to the growing cells and which can be controlled in perfusion reactors. However, the introduction of 3D scaffolds complicates the direct measurement of the generated shear stress on the adhered cells inside the matrix, thus jeopardizing the potential of using multi-dimensional matrices. In this study, an anisotropic hydroxyapatite-based set of scaffolds is considered as a 3D biomimetic support for bone cells deposition and growth. Measurements of sample-specific flow resistance are carried out using a perfusion system, accompanied by a visual characterization of the material structure. From the obtained results, a subset of three samples is reproduced using 3D-Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques and the models are validated by virtually replicating the flow resistance measurement. Once a good agreement is found, the analysis of flow-induced shear stress on the inner B-HA structure is carried out based on simulation results. Finally, a statistical analysis leads to a simplified expression to correlate the flow resistance with the entity and extensions of wall shear stress inside the scaffold. The study applies CFD to overcome the limitations of experiments, allowing for an advancement in multi-dimensional cell cultures by elucidating the flow conditions in 3D reactors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabetta Salerno
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Ricerca Applicata e i Servizi nella Meccanica Avanzata e nella Motoristica InterMech-MO.RE, Piazzale Europa, 1, Reggio Emilia RE 42124, Italy,Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia 42122, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Corda
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Claudio Ongaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Barbara Zardin
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Andrea Ruffini
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR), Faenza 48018, Italy
| | - Giulia Orlandi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Jessika Bertacchini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy,Istituto di Genetica Molecolare “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Consiglio Nazionale della Ricerca (IGM-CNR), Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Diego Angeli
- Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia 42122, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zheng X, Kamat AM, Cao M, Kottapalli AGP. Wavy Whiskers in Wakes: Explaining the Trail-Tracking Capabilities of Whisker Arrays on Seal Muzzles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2203062. [PMID: 36403235 PMCID: PMC9839859 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Seals can detect prey up to 180 m away using only their flow-sensing whiskers. The unique undulating morphology of Phocid seal whiskers reduces vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs), rendering seals highly sensitive to biologically relevant flow stimuli. In this work, digital models of harbor and grey seal whiskers are extracted using 3D scanning and a mathematical framework that accurately recreates their undulating geometry is proposed. Through fluid-structure interaction studies and experimental investigations involving a whisker array mounted on 3D-printed microelectromechanical systems sensors, the vibration characteristics of the whisker array and the interaction between neighboring whiskers in steady flows and fish-wake-like vortices are explained for the first time. Results reveal that the downstream vortices intensity and resulting VIVs are consistently lower for grey than harbor seal whiskers and a smooth cylinder, suggesting that the grey seal whisker geometry can be an ideal template for the biomimetic design of VIV-resistant underwater structures. In addition, neighboring whiskers in an array influence one another by resulting in greater flow vorticity fluctuation and distribution area, thus causing increased vibrations than an isolated whisker, which indicates the possibility of a signal-strengthening effect in whisker arrays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingwen Zheng
- Discrete Technology and Production Automation GroupEngineering and Technology Institute GroningenFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenGroningen9747AGThe Netherlands
- Advanced Production Engineering GroupEngineering and Technology Institute GroningenFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenGroningen9747AGThe Netherlands
| | - Amar M. Kamat
- Advanced Production Engineering GroupEngineering and Technology Institute GroningenFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenGroningen9747AGThe Netherlands
| | - Ming Cao
- Discrete Technology and Production Automation GroupEngineering and Technology Institute GroningenFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenGroningen9747AGThe Netherlands
| | - Ajay Giri Prakash Kottapalli
- Advanced Production Engineering GroupEngineering and Technology Institute GroningenFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenGroningen9747AGThe Netherlands
- MIT Sea Grant College ProgramMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhao H, Liu S, Yang X, Guo L. Role of Inorganic Amorphous Constituents in Highly Mineralized Biomaterials and Their Imitations. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17486-17496. [PMID: 36255102 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A highly mineralized biomaterial is one kind of biomaterial that usually possesses a high content of crystal minerals and hierarchical microstructure, exhibiting excellent mechanical properties to support the living body. Recent studies have revealed the presence of inorganic amorphous constituents (IAC) either during the biomineralization process or in some mature bodies, which heavily affects the formation and performance of highly mineralized biomaterials. These results are surprising given the preceding intensive research into the microstructure design of these materials. Herein, we highlight the role of IAC in highly mineralized biomaterials. We focused on summarizing works demonstrating the presence or phase transformation of IAC and discussed in detail how IAC affects the formation and performance of highly mineralized biomaterials. Furthermore, we described some imitations of highly mineralized biomaterials that use IAC as the synthetic precursor or final strengthening phase. Finally, we briefly summarized the role of IAC in biomaterials and provided an outlook on the challenges and opportunities for future IAC and IAC-containing bioinspired materials researches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hewei Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijng 100191, China
| | - Shaojia Liu
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijng 100191, China
| | - Xiuyi Yang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijng 100191, China
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijng 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li QW, Sun BH. Optimization of a lattice structure inspired by glass sponge. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2022; 18:016005. [PMID: 36322985 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ac9fb2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The biomimetic design of engineering structures is based on biological structures with excellent mechanical properties, which are the result of billions of years of evolution. However, current biomimetic structures, such as ordered lattice materials, are still inferior to many biomaterials in terms of structural complexity and mechanical properties. For example, the structure ofEuplectella aspergillum, a type of deep-sea glass sponge, is an eye-catching source of inspiration for biomimetic design, many researches have introduced similar architecture in cellular solids. However, guided by scientific theory, how to surpass the mechanical properties ofE. aspergillumremains an unsolved problem. We proposed the lattice structure which firstly surpass theE. aspergillummechanically. The lattice structure of the skeleton ofE. aspergillumconsists of vertically, horizontally, and diagonally oriented struts, which provide superior strength and flexural resistance compared with the conventional square lattice structure. Herein, the structure ofE. aspergillumwas investigated in detail, and by using the theory of elasticity, a lattice structure inspired by the biomimetic structure was proposed. The mechanical properties of the sponge-inspired lattice structure surpassed the sponge structure under a variety of loading conditions, and the excellent performance of this configuration was verified experimentally. The proposed lattice structure can greatly improve the mechanical properties of engineering structures, and it improves strength without much redundancy of material. This study achieved the first surpassing of the mechanical properties of an existing sponge-mimicking design. This design can be applied to lattice structures, truss systems, and metamaterial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Wei Li
- School of Civil Engineering & Institute of Mechanics and Technology, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Hua Sun
- School of Civil Engineering & Institute of Mechanics and Technology, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Blasiak R, Jouffray JB, Amon DJ, Moberg F, Claudet J, Søgaard Jørgensen P, Pranindita A, Wabnitz CCC, Österblom H. A forgotten element of the blue economy: marine biomimetics and inspiration from the deep sea. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac196. [PMID: 36714844 PMCID: PMC9802412 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The morphology, physiology, and behavior of marine organisms have been a valuable source of inspiration for solving conceptual and design problems. Here, we introduce this rich and rapidly expanding field of marine biomimetics, and identify it as a poorly articulated and often overlooked element of the ocean economy associated with substantial monetary benefits. We showcase innovations across seven broad categories of marine biomimetic design (adhesion, antifouling, armor, buoyancy, movement, sensory, stealth), and use this framing as context for a closer consideration of the increasingly frequent focus on deep-sea life as an inspiration for biomimetic design. We contend that marine biomimetics is not only a "forgotten" sector of the ocean economy, but has the potential to drive appreciation of nonmonetary values, conservation, and stewardship, making it well-aligned with notions of a sustainable blue economy. We note, however, that the highest ambitions for a blue economy are that it not only drives sustainability, but also greater equity and inclusivity, and conclude by articulating challenges and considerations for bringing marine biomimetics onto this trajectory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Blasiak
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Robert Blasiak, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Diva J Amon
- SpeSeas, D'Abadie, Trinidad and Tobago,Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Fredrik Moberg
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joachim Claudet
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Maison de l'Océan, 195 rue Saint-Jacques, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Peter Søgaard Jørgensen
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden,The Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Program, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agnes Pranindita
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Colette C C Wabnitz
- Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Henrik Österblom
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden,Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan,South American Institute for Resilience and Sustainability Studies, CP 20200 Maldonado, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen H, Jia Z, Li L. Lightweight lattice-based skeleton of the sponge Euplectella aspergillum: On the multifunctional design. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 135:105448. [PMID: 36166939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The glass sponge, Euplectella aspergillum, possesses a lightweight, silica spicule-based, cylindrical lattice-like skeleton, representing an excellent model system for bioinspired lattices. Previous analysis suggested that the E. aspergillum's skeletal lattice exhibits improved buckling resistance and suppressed vortex shedding. How the sponge's skeletal lattice with diagonally-oriented reinforcing bundle of fused spicules and the ridge system behaves under different loading conditions and achieves dual mechanical and fluidic transport performance requires further investigation. Here, we first quantified the structural descriptors such as length and thickness of the bundles of fused spicules and hole opening diameter of the sponge skeletons with and without the soft tissue covered. Secondly, parametric modeling and simulations of the sponge lattice in comparison with other bioinspired designs under different loading conditions were implemented to obtain the structure-mechanical property relationship. Our results reveal that the double-diagonal reinforcements of the E. aspergillum's lattices show i) tendency to maximize the torsional rigidity in comparison to longitudinal and radial modulus and flexural rigidity, and ii) independency of mechanical properties on the diagonal spacing, leaving freedom to control the hole-opening position for the sponge's fluid transport. Furthermore, our coupled fluid-mechanical simulations suggest that the ridge system spiraling the cylindrical lattice simultaneously improves the radial stiffness and fluid permeability. Finally, we discuss the general mechanical strategies and design flexibility in the sponge's skeletal lattice. Our work provides understanding of the mechanical and functional trade-offs in E. aspergillum's skeletal lattice which may shed light on the design of lightweight tubular lattices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongshun Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Zian Jia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lehmann M, Krause MJ, Amati G, Sega M, Harting J, Gekle S. Accuracy and performance of the lattice Boltzmann method with 64-bit, 32-bit, and customized 16-bit number formats. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:015308. [PMID: 35974647 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.015308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluid dynamics simulations with the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) are very memory intensive. Alongside reduction in memory footprint, significant performance benefits can be achieved by using FP32 (single) precision compared to FP64 (double) precision, especially on GPUs. Here we evaluate the possibility to use even FP16 and posit16 (half) precision for storing fluid populations, while still carrying arithmetic operations in FP32. For this, we first show that the commonly occurring number range in the LBM is a lot smaller than the FP16 number range. Based on this observation, we develop customized 16-bit formats-based on a modified IEEE-754 and on a modified posit standard-that are specifically tailored to the needs of the LBM. We then carry out an in-depth characterization of LBM accuracy for six different test systems with increasing complexity: Poiseuille flow, Taylor-Green vortices, Karman vortex streets, lid-driven cavity, a microcapsule in shear flow (utilizing the immersed-boundary method), and, finally, the impact of a raindrop (based on a volume-of-fluid approach). We find that the difference in accuracy between FP64 and FP32 is negligible in almost all cases, and that for a large number of cases even 16-bit is sufficient. Finally, we provide a detailed performance analysis of all precision levels on a large number of hardware microarchitectures and show that significant speedup is achieved with mixed FP32/16-bit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Lehmann
- Biofluid Simulation and Modeling-Theoretische Physik VI, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mathias J Krause
- Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Giorgio Amati
- CINECA, SCAI-SuperComputing Applications and Innovation Department, Rome Branch, Italy
| | - Marcello Sega
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Harting
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Gekle
- Biofluid Simulation and Modeling-Theoretische Physik VI, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Strickland WC, Battista NA, Hamlet CL, Miller LA. Planktos: An Agent-Based Modeling Framework for Small Organism Movement and Dispersal in a Fluid Environment with Immersed Structures. Bull Math Biol 2022; 84:72. [PMID: 35689123 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-022-01027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiscale modeling of marine and aerial plankton has traditionally been difficult to address holistically due to the challenge of resolving individual locomotion dynamics while being carried with larger-scale flows. However, such problems are of paramount importance, e.g., dispersal of marine larval plankton is critical for the health of coral reefs, and aerial plankton (tiny arthropods) can be used as effective agricultural biocontrol agents. Here we introduce the open-source, agent-based modeling software Planktos targeted at 2D and 3D fluid environments in Python. Agents in this modeling framework are relatively tiny organisms in sufficiently low densities that their effect on the surrounding fluid motion can be considered negligible. This library can be used for scientific exploration and quantification of collective and emergent behavior, including interaction with immersed structures. In this paper, we detail the implementation and functionality of the library along with some illustrative examples. Functionality includes arbitrary agent behavior obeying either ordinary differential equations, stochastic differential equations, or coded movement algorithms, all under the influence of time-dependent fluid velocity fields generated by computational fluid dynamics, experiments, or analytical models in domains with static immersed mesh structures with sliding or sticky collisions. In addition, data visualization tools provide images or animations with kernel density estimation and velocity field analysis with respect to deterministic agent behavior via the finite-time Lyapunov exponent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W C Strickland
- Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 227 Ayres Hall, Knoxville, TN, 37996-1320, USA.
| | - N A Battista
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The College of New Jersey, Ewing Township, NJ, 08628, USA
| | - C L Hamlet
- Department of Mathematics, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, 17837, USA
| | - L A Miller
- Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona, 617 N. Santa Rita Ave., Tuscon, AZ, 85721-0089, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Esoteric Pull and Esoteric Push: Two Simple In-Place Streaming Schemes for the Lattice Boltzmann Method on GPUs. COMPUTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/computation10060092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
I present two novel thread-safe in-place streaming schemes for the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) on graphics processing units (GPUs), termed Esoteric Pull and Esoteric Push, that result in the LBM only requiring one copy of the density distribution functions (DDFs) instead of two, greatly reducing memory demand. These build upon the idea of the existing Esoteric Twist scheme, to stream half of the DDFs at the end of one stream-collide kernel and the remaining half at the beginning of the next and offer the same beneficial properties over the AA-Pattern scheme—reduced memory bandwidth due to implicit bounce-back boundaries and the possibility of swapping pointers between even and odd time steps. However, the streaming directions are chosen in a way that allows the algorithm to be implemented in about one tenth the amount of code, as two simple loops, and is compatible with all velocity sets and suitable for automatic code-generation. The performance of the new streaming schemes is slightly increased over Esoteric Twist due to better memory coalescence. Benchmarks across a large variety of GPUs and CPUs show that for most dedicated GPUs, performance differs only insignificantly from the One-Step Pull scheme; however, for integrated GPUs and CPUs, performance is significantly improved. The two proposed algorithms greatly facilitate modifying existing code to allow for in-place streaming, even with extensions already in place, such as was demonstrated for the Free Surface LBM implementation FluidX3D. Their simplicity, together with their ideal performance characteristics, may enable more widespread adoption of in-place streaming across LBM GPU code.
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang HK, Zhou J, Fang W, Zhao H, Zhao ZL, Chen X, Zhao HP, Feng XQ. Multi-functional topology optimization of Victoria cruziana veins. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220298. [PMID: 35702860 PMCID: PMC9198518 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and development of biological tissues and organs strongly depend on the requirements of their multiple functions. Plant veins yield efficient nutrient transport and withstand various external loads. Victoria cruziana, a tropical species of the Nymphaeaceae family of water lilies, has evolved a network of three-dimensional and rugged veins, which yields a superior load-bearing capacity. However, it remains elusive how biological and mechanical factors affect their unique vein layout. In this paper, we propose a multi-functional and large-scale topology optimization method to investigate the morphomechanics of Victoria cruziana veins, which optimizes both the structural stiffness and nutrient transport efficiency. Our results suggest that increasing the branching order of radial veins improves the efficiency of nutrient delivery, and the gradient variation of circumferential vein sizes significantly contributes to the stiffness of the leaf. In the present method, we also consider the optimization of the wall thickness and the maximum layout distance of circumferential veins. Furthermore, biomimetic leaves are fabricated by using the three-dimensional printing technique to verify our theoretical findings. This work not only gains insights into the morphomechanics of Victoria cruziana veins, but also helps the design of, for example, rib-reinforced shells, slabs and dome skeletons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Kai Zhang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, AML, Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, AML, Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Huichan Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Long Zhao
- Institute of Solid Mechanics, School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xindong Chen
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, AML, Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ping Zhao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, AML, Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Qiao Feng
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, AML, Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.,State Key Lab of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li H, Raza A, Yuan S, AlMarzooqi F, Fang NX, Zhang T. Biomimetic on-chip filtration enabled by direct micro-3D printing on membrane. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8178. [PMID: 35581265 PMCID: PMC9114119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11738-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-on-chip is of growing interest in a wide variety of high-throughput environmental and water research. Advances in membrane technology continuously provide novel materials and multi-functional structures. Yet, the incorporation of membrane into microfluidic devices remains challenging, thus limiting its versatile utilization. Herein, via micro-stereolithography 3D printing, we propose and fabricate a "fish gill" structure-integrated on-chip membrane device, which has the self-sealing attribute at structure-membrane interface without extra assembling. As a demonstration, metallic micromesh and polymeric membrane can also be easily embedded in 3D printed on-chip device to achieve anti-fouling and anti-clogging functionality for wastewater filtration. As evidenced from in-situ visualization of structure-fluid-foulant interactions during filtration process, the proposed approach successfully adopts the fish feeding mechanism, being able to "ricochet" foulant particles or droplets through hydrodynamic manipulation. When benchmarked with two common wastewater treatment scenarios, such as plastic micro-particles and emulsified oil droplets, our biomimetic filtration devices exhibit 2 ~ 3 times longer durability for high-flux filtration than devices with commercial membrane. This proposed 3D printing-on-membrane approach, elegantly bridging the fields of microfluidics and membrane science, is instrumental to many other applications in energy, sensing, analytical chemistry and biomedical engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Masdar Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Aikifa Raza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Masdar Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Shaojun Yuan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Faisal AlMarzooqi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Masdar Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Nicholas X Fang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - TieJun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Masdar Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Falcucci G, Polverino G, Porfiri M, Amati G, Fanelli P, Krastev VK, Succi S. Reply to: Models of flow through sponges must consider the sponge tissue. Nature 2022; 603:E26-E28. [PMID: 35322244 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Falcucci
- Department of Enterprise Engineering "Mario Lucertini", University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy. .,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Giovanni Polverino
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.,School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maurizio Porfiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA.,Center for Urban Science and Progress, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Giorgio Amati
- High Performance Computing Department, CINECA Rome Section, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Fanelli
- Department of Economy, Engineering, Society and Business Organization, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Vesselin K Krastev
- Department of Enterprise Engineering "Mario Lucertini", University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Sauro Succi
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Life Nano-Neuro Science at La Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome, Italy.,Italian Research Council, Institute for Applied Computing, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Leys SP, Matveev E, Suarez PA, Kahn AS, Asadzadeh SS, Kiørboe T, Larsen PS, Walther JH, Yahel G. Models of flow through sponges must consider the sponge tissue. Nature 2022; 603:E23-E25. [PMID: 35322246 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sally P Leys
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Eugueni Matveev
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Amanda S Kahn
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Jose State University, Moss Landing, CA, USA
| | - Seyed Saeed Asadzadeh
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources and Centre for Ocean Life, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Kiørboe
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources and Centre for Ocean Life, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Poul S Larsen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens H Walther
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.,Computational Science and Engineering Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gitai Yahel
- The Faculty of Marine Science, Ruppin Academic Center, Michmoret, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Analysis of Deformation in an Aluminium Hull Impacting Water Free Surface. FLUIDS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fluids7020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Water impacts provide a challenge for a wide range of applications, from aerospace, to marine, mechanical and civil engineering, due to the complexity conveyed by the coexistence of impulsive loads, large local deformations and high-amplitude vibrations. Thus, the need for reliable structural health monitoring (SHM) systems is emerging in the industrial field of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) applications. In this paper, we leverage the previous work on strain and displacement fields reconstruction to analyse a scale aluminium model subject to water vertical and oblique impacts. Fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors were installed on the hull ribs and used both as reconstruction sensors (to reconstruct the structure mechanical behaviour characteristics) and as control sensors, by using their signals to compare the real and reconstructed structural parameters, at the sensors locations. Finally, the effectiveness of different reconstruction layouts was investigated referring to the strain signal reconstruction quality in case of both vertical and oblique impacts. Results show the potential of the described method for the reconstruction of strain signal through a proper choice of the reconstruction sensors positions both in case of vertical and oblique impacts.
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang S, Tang J, Wu H. Phase-field lattice Boltzmann model for two-phase flows with large density ratio. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:015304. [PMID: 35193185 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.015304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a lattice Boltzmann (LB) model based on the phase-field method is proposed for simulating large density ratio two-phase flows. An improved multiple-relaxation-time (MRT) LB equation is first developed to solve the conserved Allen-Cahn (AC) equation. By utilizing a nondiagonal relaxation matrix and modifying the equilibrium distribution function and discrete source term, the conserved AC equation can be correctly recovered by the proposed MRT LB equation with no deviation term. Therefore, the calculations of the temporal derivative term in the previous LB models are successfully avoided. Numerical tests demonstrate that satisfactory accuracy can be achieved by the present model to solve the conserved AC equation. What is more, the discrete force term of the MRT LB equation for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is also simplified and modified in the present work. An alternative scheme to calculate the gradient terms of the order parameter involved in the discrete force term through the nonequilibrium part of the distribution function is also developed. To validate the ability of the present LB model for simulating large density ratio two-phase flows, series of benchmarks, including two-phase Poiseuille flow, droplet impacting on thin liquid film, and planar Taylor bubble are simulated. It is found that the results predicted by the present LB model agree well with the analytical, numerical, and experimental results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jun Tang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huiying Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Use of Biochar-Based Cathodes and Increase in the Electron Flow by Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Improve Waste Treatment in Microbial Fuel Cells. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we tested the combined use of a biochar-based material at the cathode and of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain in a single chamber, air cathode microbial fuel cells (MFCs) fed with a mix of shredded vegetable and phosphate buffer solution (PBS) in a 30% solid/liquid ratio. As a control system, we set up and tested MFCs provided with a composite cathode made up of a nickel mesh current collector, activated carbon and a single porous poly tetra fluoro ethylene (PTFE) diffusion layer. At the end of the experiments, we compared the performance of the two systems, in the presence and absence of P. aeruginosa, in terms of electric outputs. We also explored the potential reutilization of cathodes. Unlike composite material, biochar showed a life span of up to 3 cycles of 15 days each, with a pH of the feedstock kept in a range of neutrality. In order to relate the electric performance to the amount of solid substrates used as source of carbon and energy, besides of cathode surface, we referred power density (PD) and current density (CD) to kg of biomass used. The maximum outputs obtained when using the sole microflora were, on average, respectively 0.19 Wm−2kg−1 and 2.67 Wm−2kg−1, with peaks of 0.32 Wm−2kg−1 and 4.87 Wm−2kg−1 of cathode surface and mass of treated biomass in MFCs with biochar and PTFE cathodes respectively. As to current outputs, the maximum values were 7.5 Am−2 kg−1 and 35.6 Am−2kg−1 in MFCs with biochar-based material and a composite cathode. If compared to the utilization of the sole acidogenic/acetogenic microflora in vegetable residues, we observed an increment of the power outputs of about 16.5 folds in both systems when we added P. aeruginosa to the shredded vegetables. Even though the MFCs with PTFE-cathode achieved the highest performance in terms of PD and CD, they underwent a fouling episode after about 10 days of operation, with a dramatic decrease in pH and both PD and CD. Our results confirm the potentialities of the utilization of biochar-based materials in waste treatment and bioenergy production.
Collapse
|
34
|
Miller LA. Fluid flow through a deep-sea sponge could inspire engineering designs. Nature 2021; 595:497-498. [PMID: 34290434 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-021-01891-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|