1
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Lu H, Zhu J, Chen J, Tao T, Shen Y, Zhou H. Synergetic surface enhancement of quantum dots-based electrochemiluminescence with photonic crystal light scattering and metal surface plasmon resonance for sensitive bioanalysis. Talanta 2024; 272:125773. [PMID: 38359720 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Noble metal nanostructures and photonic crystals (PhCs) have been widely investigated as substrates for constructing surface enhanced electrochemiluminescence (SE-ECL) biosensors. However, their applications are hindered by the limited enhancement intensity of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and an incomplete mechanism for the photonic enhancement effect. Hence, developing a novel SE-ECL strategy with better signal enhanced capability and enriching our understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms for efficient bioanalysis is extremely urgent. Here, a synergistic SE-ECL strategy was developed for the sensitive determination of prostate specific antigen (PSA) protein. The randomly arranged polystyrene (r-PS) spheres and PS PhC arrays were applied to enhance the ECL emission of cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) and the results suggested that the PhC arrays displayed superior intensity (0.22) than the r-PS interface (0.10). Au nanoparticles (NPs) were introduced onto the two kinds of surfaces and further boosted the ECL intensity. According to the ECL measurements, Au NPs modified at the r-PS surface exhibited only a slight increase (0.13), while the PhC arrays showed approximately 5-fold enhancement (0.92), benefiting from the synergistic enhancement. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation indicated that the ECL enhancement was ascribed to the coupled electromagnetic (EM) field at the surfaces of PS PhCs and Au NPs. The SE-ECL could achieve a detection range from 1 pg/mL to 1 μg/mL with a detection limit of 0.41 pg/mL (S/N = 3). This study provides the first combination of PhC arrays and metal surface plasmon nanostructure for the synergetic enhancement of SE-ECL systems. It opens a new avenue for the rational design of advanced ECL biosensors and shows great perspective for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Lu
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 210044, Nanjing, China
| | - Junkai Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 210044, Nanjing, China
| | - Juncheng Chen
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 210044, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 210044, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yizhong Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 23009, China.
| | - Hong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering. Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
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2
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Le ND, Bouteyre P, Kheir-Aldine A, Dubois F, Cueff S, Berguiga L, Letartre X, Viktorovitch P, Benyattou T, Nguyen HS. Super Bound States in the Continuum on a Photonic Flatband: Concept, Experimental Realization, and Optical Trapping Demonstration. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:173802. [PMID: 38728718 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.173802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
In this Letter, we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate the formation of a super bound state in a continuum (BIC) on a photonic crystal flat band. This unique state simultaneously exhibits an enhanced quality factor and near-zero group velocity across an extended region of the Brillouin zone. It is achieved at the topological transition when a symmetry-protected BIC pinned at k=0 merges with two Friedrich-Wintgen quasi-BICs, which arise from the destructive interference between lossy photonic modes of opposite symmetries. As a proof of concept, we employ the ultraflat super BIC to demonstrate three-dimensional optical trapping of individual particles. Our findings present a novel approach to engineering both the real and imaginary components of photonic states on a subwavelength scale for innovative optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Duc Le
- Univ Lyon, ECL, INSA Lyon, CNRS, UCBL, CPE Lyon, INL UMR 5270, 69130 Écully, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Physique Théorique, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Paul Bouteyre
- Univ Lyon, ECL, INSA Lyon, CNRS, UCBL, CPE Lyon, INL UMR 5270, 69130 Écully, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Kheir-Aldine
- Univ Lyon, ECL, INSA Lyon, CNRS, UCBL, CPE Lyon, INL UMR 5270, 69130 Écully, France
| | - Florian Dubois
- Univ Lyon, ECL, INSA Lyon, CNRS, UCBL, CPE Lyon, INL UMR 5270, 69130 Écully, France
- Silicon Austria Labs GmbH (SAL), 9524 Villach, Austria
| | - Sébastien Cueff
- Univ Lyon, ECL, INSA Lyon, CNRS, UCBL, CPE Lyon, INL UMR 5270, 69130 Écully, France
| | - Lotfi Berguiga
- Univ Lyon, ECL, INSA Lyon, CNRS, UCBL, CPE Lyon, INL UMR 5270, 69130 Écully, France
| | - Xavier Letartre
- Univ Lyon, ECL, INSA Lyon, CNRS, UCBL, CPE Lyon, INL UMR 5270, 69130 Écully, France
| | - Pierre Viktorovitch
- Univ Lyon, ECL, INSA Lyon, CNRS, UCBL, CPE Lyon, INL UMR 5270, 69130 Écully, France
| | - Taha Benyattou
- Univ Lyon, ECL, INSA Lyon, CNRS, UCBL, CPE Lyon, INL UMR 5270, 69130 Écully, France
| | - Hai Son Nguyen
- Univ Lyon, ECL, INSA Lyon, CNRS, UCBL, CPE Lyon, INL UMR 5270, 69130 Écully, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231 Paris, France
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3
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Roitman D, Karnieli A, Tsesses S, Barkay Z, Arie A. Coherent radiation at visible wavelengths from sub-keV electron beams. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:2013-2016. [PMID: 38621064 DOI: 10.1364/ol.521354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The Smith-Purcell effect allows for coherent free-electron-driven compact light sources over the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Intriguing interaction regimes, with prospects for quantum optical applications, are expected when the driving free electron enters the sub-keV range, though this has until now remained an experimental challenge. Here, we demonstrate the Smith-Purcell light emission from UV to visible using engineerable, fabricated gratings with periodicities as low as 19 nm and with electron energies as low as 300 eV. Our findings constitute a major step toward broadband, highly tunable, on-chip light sources, observation of quantum recoil effects, and tunable EUV and x ray sources from swift electrons.
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4
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Barth I, Conteduca D, Dong P, Wragg J, Sahoo PK, Arruda GS, Martins ER, Krauss TF. Phase noise matching in resonant metasurfaces for intrinsic sensing stability. OPTICA 2024; 11:354-361. [PMID: 38638165 PMCID: PMC11023067 DOI: 10.1364/optica.510524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Interferometry offers a precise means of interrogating resonances in dielectric and plasmonic metasurfaces, surpassing spectrometer-imposed resolution limits. However, interferometry implementations often face complexity or instability issues due to heightened sensitivity. Here, we address the necessity for noise compensation and tolerance by harnessing the inherent capabilities of photonic resonances. Our proposed solution, termed "resonant phase noise matching," employs optical referencing to align the phases of equally sensitive, orthogonal components of the same mode. This effectively mitigates drift and noise, facilitating the detection of subtle phase changes induced by a target analyte through spatially selective surface functionalization. Validation of this strategy using Fano resonances in a 2D photonic crystal slab showcases noteworthy phase stability (σ < 10 - 4 π ). With demonstrated label-free detection of low-molecular-weight proteins at clinically relevant concentrations, resonant phase noise matching presents itself as a potentially valuable strategy for advancing scalable, high-performance sensing technology beyond traditional laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Barth
- School of Physics Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Donato Conteduca
- School of Physics Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Pin Dong
- School of Physics Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jasmine Wragg
- School of Physics Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Pankaj K. Sahoo
- School of Physics Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Guilherme S. Arruda
- Sao Carlos School of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos-SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Emiliano R. Martins
- Sao Carlos School of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos-SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Thomas F. Krauss
- School of Physics Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
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5
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Liebtrau M, Polman A. Angular Dispersion of Free-Electron-Light Coupling in an Optical Fiber-Integrated Metagrating. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:1125-1136. [PMID: 38523743 PMCID: PMC10958598 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Free electrons can couple to optical material excitations on nanometer-length and attosecond-time scales, opening-up unique opportunities for both the generation of radiation and the manipulation of the electron wave function. Here, we exploit the Smith-Purcell effect to experimentally study the coherent coupling of free electrons and light in a circular metallo-dielectric metagrating that is fabricated onto the input facet of a multimode optical fiber. Using hyperspectral angle-resolved (HSAR) far-field imaging inside a scanning electron microscope, we probe the angular dispersion of Smith-Purcell radiation (SPR) that is simultaneously generated in free space and inside the fiber by an electron beam that grazes the metagrating at a nanoscale distance. Furthermore, we analyze the spectral distribution of SPR that is emitted into guided optical modes and correlate it with the numerical aperture of the fiber. By varying the electron energy between 5 and 30 keV, we observe the emission of SPR from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared spectral range, and up to the third emission order. In addition, we detect incoherent cathodoluminescence that is generated by electrons penetrating the input facet of the fiber and scattering inelastically. As a result, our HSAR measurements reveal a Fano resonance that is coupled to a Rayleigh anomaly of the metagrating, and that overlaps with the angular dispersion of second-order SPR at 20 keV. Our findings demonstrate the potential of optical fiber-integrated metasurfaces as a versatile platform to implement novel ultrafast light sources and to synthesize complex free-electron quantum states with light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Liebtrau
- Center for Nanophotonics, NWO-Institute
AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Polman
- Center for Nanophotonics, NWO-Institute
AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Choi M, Munley C, Fröch JE, Chen R, Majumdar A. Nonlocal, Flat-Band Meta-Optics for Monolithic, High-Efficiency, Compact Photodetectors. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3150-3156. [PMID: 38477059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c05139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Miniaturized photodetectors are becoming increasingly sought-after components for next-generation technologies, such as autonomous vehicles, integrated wearable devices, or gadgets embedded on the Internet of Things. A major challenge, however, lies in shrinking the device footprint while maintaining high efficiency. This conundrum can be solved by realizing a nontrivial relation between the energy and momentum of photons, such as dispersion-free devices, known as flat bands. Here, we leverage flat-band meta-optics to simultaneously achieve critical absorption over a wide range of incidence angles. For a monolithic silicon meta-optical photodiode, we achieved an ∼10-fold enhancement in the photon-to-electron conversion efficiency. Such enhancement over a large angular range of ∼36° allows incoming light to be collected via a large-aperture lens and focused on a compact photodiode, potentially enabling high-speed and low-light operation. Our research unveils new possibilities for creating compact and efficient optoelectronic devices with far-reaching impact on various applications, including augmented reality and light detection and ranging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minho Choi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Christopher Munley
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Johannes E Fröch
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Arka Majumdar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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7
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Cheng Z, Guan YJ, Xue H, Ge Y, Jia D, Long Y, Yuan SQ, Sun HX, Chong Y, Zhang B. Three-dimensional flat Landau levels in an inhomogeneous acoustic crystal. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2174. [PMID: 38467627 PMCID: PMC10928213 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46517-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
When electrons moving in two dimensions (2D) are subjected to a strong uniform magnetic field, they form flat bands called Landau levels (LLs). LLs can also arise from pseudomagnetic fields (PMFs) induced by lattice distortions. In three-dimensional (3D) systems, there has been no experimental demonstration of LLs as a type of flat band thus far. Here, we report the experimental realization of a flat 3D LL in an acoustic crystal. Starting from a lattice whose bandstructure exhibits a nodal ring, we design an inhomogeneous distortion corresponding to a specific pseudomagnetic vector potential (PVP). This distortion causes the nodal ring states to break up into LLs, including a zeroth LL that is flat along all three directions. These findings suggest the possibility of using nodal ring materials to generate 3D flat bands, allowing access to strong interactions and other attractive physical regimes in 3D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Cheng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yi-Jun Guan
- Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Xue
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yong Ge
- Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ding Jia
- Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yang Long
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Shou-Qi Yuan
- Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Sun
- Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
| | - Yidong Chong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
| | - Baile Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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8
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Yang J, Li Y, Yang Y, Xie X, Zhang Z, Yuan J, Cai H, Wang DW, Gao F. Realization of all-band-flat photonic lattices. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1484. [PMID: 38374147 PMCID: PMC10876559 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Flatbands play an important role in correlated quantum matter and have promising applications in photonic lattices. Synthetic magnetic fields and destructive interference in lattices are traditionally used to obtain flatbands. However, such methods can only obtain a few flatbands with most bands remaining dispersive. Here we realize all-band-flat photonic lattices of an arbitrary size by precisely controlling the coupling strengths between lattice sites to mimic those in Fock-state lattices. This allows us to go beyond the perturbative regime of strain engineering and group all eigenmodes in flatbands, which simultaneously achieves high band flatness and large usable bandwidth. We map out the distribution of each flatband in the lattices and selectively excite the eigenmodes with different chiralities. Our method paves a way in controlling band structure and topology of photonic lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory for Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Yuanzhen Li
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Yumeng Yang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Xinrong Xie
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Zijian Zhang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Jiale Yuan
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory for Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Cai
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory for Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory for Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Fei Gao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory for Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- International Joint Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, China.
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9
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Li J, Fang Y, Liu Y. Topologically Protected Strong-Interaction of Photonics with Free Electrons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:073801. [PMID: 38427867 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.073801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
We propose a robust scheme of studying the strong interactions between free electrons and photons using topological photonics. Our study reveals that the topological corner state can be used to enhance the interaction between light and a free electron significantly. The quality factor of the topological cavity can exceed 20 000 and the corner state has a very long lifetime even after the pump pulse is off. And thus, the platform enables us to achieve a strong interaction without the need for zero delay and phase matching as in traditional photon-induced near-field electron microscopy (PINEM). This work provides the new perspective that the topological photonic structures can be utilized as a platform to shape free electron wave packets, which facilitates the control of quantum electrodynamical (QED) processes and quantum optics with free electrons in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiqi Fang
- Department of Physics, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz 78464, Germany
| | - Yunquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu 226010, China
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10
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Hoang TX, Leykam D, Kivshar Y. Photonic Flatband Resonances in Multiple Light Scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:043803. [PMID: 38335352 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.043803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
We introduce the concept of photonic flatband resonances and demonstrate it for an array of high-index dielectric particles. We employ the multiple Mie scattering theory and demonstrate that both short- and long-range interactions between the resonators are crucial for the emerging collective resonances and their associated photonic flatbands. By examining both near- and far-field characteristics, we uncover how the flatbands emerge due to a fine tuning of resonators' radiation fields, and predict that hybridization of a flatband resonance with an electric hot spot can lead to giant values of the Purcell factor for the electric dipolar emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Xuan Hoang
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Daniel Leykam
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
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11
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Dang Z, Chen Y, Fang Z. Cathodoluminescence Nanoscopy: State of the Art and Beyond. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24431-24448. [PMID: 38054434 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Cathodoluminescence (CL) nanoscopy is proven to be a powerful tool to explore nanoscale optical properties, whereby free electron beams achieve a spatial resolution far beyond the diffraction limit of light. With developed methods for the control of electron beams and the collection of light, the dimension of information that CL can access has been expanded to include polarization, momentum, and time, holding promise to provide invaluable insights into the study of materials and optical near-field dynamics. With a focus on the burgeoning field of CL nanoscopy, this perspective outlines the recent advancements and applications of this technique, as illustrated by the salient experimental works. In addition, as an outlook for future research, several appealing directions that may bring about developments and discoveries are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Dang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, and Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, and Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheyu Fang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, and Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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12
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Huang S, Duan R, Pramanik N, Go M, Boothroyd C, Liu Z, Wong LJ. Multicolor x-rays from free electron-driven van der Waals heterostructures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj8584. [PMID: 38039369 PMCID: PMC10691772 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj8584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures has led to precise and versatile methods of fabricating devices with atomic-scale accuracies. Hence, vdW heterostructures have shown much promise for technologies including photodetectors, photocatalysis, photovoltaic devices, ultrafast photonic devices, and field-effect transistors. These applications, however, remain confined to optical and suboptical regimes. Here, we theoretically show and experimentally demonstrate the use of vdW heterostructures as platforms for multicolor x-ray generation. By driving the vdW heterostructures with free electrons in a table-top setup, we generate x-ray photons whose output spectral profile can be user-customized via the heterostructure design and even controlled in real time. We show that the multicolor photon energies and their corresponding intensities can be tailored by varying the electron energy, the electron beam position, as well as the geometry and composition of the vdW heterostructure. Our results reveal the promise of vdW heterostructures in realizing highly versatile x-ray sources for emerging applications in advanced x-ray imaging and spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunchao Huang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Ruihuan Duan
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Nikhil Pramanik
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Michael Go
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Chris Boothroyd
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Facility for Analysis, Characterisation, Testing and Simulation (FACTS), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Liang Jie Wong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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13
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Song L, Gao S, Ma J, Tang L, Song D, Li Y, Chen Z. Multiple flatbands and localized states in photonic super-Kagome lattices. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:5947-5950. [PMID: 37966759 DOI: 10.1364/ol.504794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate multiple flatbands and compact localized states (CLSs) in a photonic super-Kagome lattice (SKL) that exhibits coexistence of singular and nonsingular flatbands within its unique band structure. Specifically, we find that the upper two flatbands of an SKL are singular-characterized by singularities due to band touching with their neighboring dispersive bands at the Brillouin zone center. Conversely, the lower three degenerate flatbands are nonsingular and remain spectrally isolated from other dispersive bands. The existence of such two distinct types of flatbands is experimentally demonstrated by observing stable evolution of the CLSs with various geometrical shapes in a laser-written SKL. We also discuss the classification of the flatbands in momentum space, using band-touching singularities of the Bloch wave functions. Furthermore, we validate this classification in real space based on unit cell occupancy of the CLSs in a single SKL plaquette. These results may provide insights for the study of flatband transport, dynamics, and nontrivial topological phenomena in other relevant systems.
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14
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Gong Z, Chen J, Chen R, Zhu X, Wang C, Zhang X, Hu H, Yang Y, Zhang B, Chen H, Kaminer I, Lin X. Interfacial Cherenkov radiation from ultralow-energy electrons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306601120. [PMID: 37695899 PMCID: PMC10515145 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306601120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cherenkov radiation occurs only when a charged particle moves with a velocity exceeding the phase velocity of light in that matter. This radiation mechanism creates directional light emission at a wide range of frequencies and could facilitate the development of on-chip light sources except for the hard-to-satisfy requirement for high-energy particles. Creating Cherenkov radiation from low-energy electrons that has no momentum mismatch with light in free space is still a long-standing challenge. Here, we report a mechanism to overcome this challenge by exploiting a combined effect of interfacial Cherenkov radiation and umklapp scattering, namely the constructive interference of light emission from sequential particle-interface interactions with specially designed (umklapp) momentum-shifts. We find that this combined effect is able to create the interfacial Cherenkov radiation from ultralow-energy electrons, with kinetic energies down to the electron-volt scale. Due to the umklapp scattering for the excited high-momentum Bloch modes, the resulting interfacial Cherenkov radiation is uniquely featured with spatially separated apexes for its wave cone and group cone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Gong
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining314400, China
| | - Jialin Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining314400, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa32000, Israel
| | - Ruoxi Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining314400, China
| | - Xingjian Zhu
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Chan Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua321099, China
| | - Xinyan Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining314400, China
| | - Hao Hu
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing211106, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong999077, China
| | - Baile Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua321099, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing312000, China
| | - Ido Kaminer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa32000, Israel
| | - Xiao Lin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining314400, China
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15
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Chen R, Chen J, Gong Z, Zhang X, Zhu X, Yang Y, Kaminer I, Chen H, Zhang B, Lin X. Free-electron Brewster-transition radiation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh8098. [PMID: 37566659 PMCID: PMC10421060 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh8098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
We reveal a mechanism to enhance particle-matter interactions by exploiting the pseudo-Brewster effect of gain materials, presenting an enhancement of at least four orders of magnitude for light emission. This mechanism is enabled by the emergence of an unprecedented phase diagram that maps all phenomena of free-electron transition radiation into three distinct phases in a gain-thickness parameter space, namely, the conventional, intermediate, and Brewster phases, when an electron penetrates a dielectric slab with a modest gain and a finite thickness. Essentially, our revealed mechanism corresponds to the free-electron transition radiation in the Brewster phase, which also features ultrahigh directionality, always at the Brewster angle, regardless of the electron velocity. Counterintuitively, we find that the intensity of this free-electron Brewster-transition radiation is insensitive to the Fabry-Pérot resonance condition and, thus, the variation of slab thickness, and moreover, a weaker gain could lead to a stronger enhancement for light emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Jialin Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Zheng Gong
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Xinyan Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Xingjian Zhu
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ido Kaminer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321099, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Baile Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Xiao Lin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
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16
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Karnieli A, Fan S. Jaynes-Cummings interaction between low-energy free electrons and cavity photons. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh2425. [PMID: 37256955 PMCID: PMC10413651 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh2425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian is at the core of cavity quantum electrodynamics; however, it relies on bound-electron emitters fundamentally limited by the binding Coulomb potential. In this work, we propose theoretically a new approach to realizing the Jaynes-Cummings model using low-energy free electrons coupled to dielectric microcavities and exemplify several quantum technologies made possible by this approach. Using quantum recoil, a large detuning inhibits the emission of multiple consecutive photons, effectively transforming the free electron into a few-level system coupled to the cavity mode. We show that this approach can be used for generation of single photons, photon pairs, and even a quantum SWAP gate between a photon and a free electron, with unity efficiency and high fidelity. Tunable by their kinetic energy, quantum free electrons are inherently versatile emitters with an engineerable emission wavelength. Hence, they pave the way toward new possibilities for quantum interconnects between photonic platforms at disparate spectral regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Karnieli
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shanhui Fan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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