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Zhu Z, Nagata S. Ion transport peptide and ion transport peptide-like regulate ecdysis behavior and water transport during ecdysis in Gryllus bimaculatus. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 173:104178. [PMID: 39187166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Ion transport peptide (ITP) and ITP-like (ITPLs) are pleiotropic bioactive peptides in insects. Although the contribution of these peptides to ecdysis has been studied, the precise regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we characterized the functions of itp and itpl variants in the two-spotted cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed that itp was expressed in the brain and terminal abdominal ganglion, whereas itpl variants were expressed in all ganglia of the central nervous system. Simultaneous knockdown of itp and itpls disrupted ecdysis behavior and water transport from the gut into the hemolymph during molting. Nevertheless, knockdown of itpls without influencing itp expression did not significantly affect ecdysis behavior but caused a reduction in hemolymph mass. Although water transport into the hemolymph is considered necessary for the swelling required to split the old cuticle layers during molting, a rescue experiment by injection of water or cricket Ringer's solution into the hemolymph of knockdown crickets did not recover the normal phenotype. Therefore, we propose that ITP/ITPL control ecdysis behavior probably not by regulating water transport from the gut into the hemolymph in crickets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhu
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinji Nagata
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan.
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Chang CW, Chin YH, Liu MS, Shen YC, Yan SJ. High sugar diet promotes tumor progression paradoxically through aberrant upregulation of pepck1. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:396. [PMID: 39261338 PMCID: PMC11390995 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05438-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
High dietary sugar (HDS), a contemporary dietary concern due to excessive intake of added sugars and carbohydrates, escalates the risk of metabolic disorders and concomitant cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HDS-induced cancer progression are not completely understood. We found that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PEPCK1), a pivotal enzyme in gluconeogenesis, is paradoxically upregulated in tumors by HDS, but not by normal dietary sugar (NDS), during tumor progression. Targeted knockdown of pepck1, but not pepck2, specifically in tumor tissue in Drosophila in vivo, not only attenuates HDS-induced tumor growth but also significantly improves the survival of Ras/Src tumor-bearing animals fed HDS. Interestingly, HP1a-mediated heterochromatin interacts directly with the pepck1 gene and downregulates pepck1 gene expression in wild-type Drosophila. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that, under HDS conditions, pepck1 knockdown reduces both wingless and TOR signaling, decreases evasion of apoptosis, reduces genome instability, and suppresses glucose uptake and trehalose levels in tumor cells in vivo. Moreover, rational pharmacological inhibition of PEPCK1, using hydrazinium sulfate, greatly improves the survival of tumor-bearing animals with pepck1 knockdown under HDS. This study is the first to show that elevated levels of dietary sugar induce aberrant upregulation of PEPCK1, which promotes tumor progression through altered cell signaling, evasion of apoptosis, genome instability, and reprogramming of carbohydrate metabolism. These findings contribute to our understanding of the complex relationship between diet and cancer at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels and reveal PEPCK1 as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of cancers associated with metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Wei Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hshun Chin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Syuan Liu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Shen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Jang Yan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan.
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Valzania L, Alami A, Léopold P. A temporal allocation of amino acid resources ensures fitness and body allometry in Drosophila. Dev Cell 2024; 59:2277-2286.e6. [PMID: 38851190 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Organisms have evolved strategies to store resources and overcome periods of low or no nutrient access, including transient shortages or longer non-feeding developmental transitions. Holometabolous insects like Drosophila represent an attractive model to study resource allocation during development because they alternate feeding and non-feeding periods. Amino acids are essential components for tissue growth and renewal, but the strategies used for their storage remain largely unexplored. Here, we characterize the molecular mechanisms for the temporal production, accumulation, and use of specific storage proteins called hexamerins, and demonstrate their role in ensuring tissue formation and adult fitness. Moreover, we show that preventing hexamerin stores enhances the growth of early-developing organs while compromising the emergence of late-forming ones, consequently altering body allometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Valzania
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, UPMC Paris-Sorbonne, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Aya Alami
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, UPMC Paris-Sorbonne, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Léopold
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, UPMC Paris-Sorbonne, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
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Bie P. Plasma concentrations of peptide hormones: Unrealistic levels of vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin (OXT), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14200. [PMID: 39034759 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Hormones are specific molecules measured in biological fluids by elaborate analytical systems requiring meticulous attention. Variation between laboratories can be expected. However, recently published measurements of AVP, OXT, and BNP in human plasma under basal/control conditions include numbers which, between publications, vary by 100-10 000-fold. Generally, the methods descriptions are scant, at best, and provide no information about quality control measures. Clearly, two results describing the same basal hormone concentration by numbers three orders of magnitude apart are incongruent providing reason for concern. Basal concentrations of bioactive AVP, OXT, and BNP in human plasma are in the order of 1-10 pmol/L. Therefore, assay systems applied to plasma must be able to measure concentrations of less than 1 pmol/L with appropriate specificity and accuracy. Basal concentrations of AVP, OXT, and BNP above 100 pmol/L should be reconsidered, as such results do not reflect bioactive hormone levels in humans, rats, or mice. Any concentration above 1000 pmol/L is of concern because such levels of bioactive hormone may be seen only under extreme conditions, if at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bie
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Hammouri D, Orwick A, Doll M, Vega DS, Shah PP, Clarke CJ, Clem B, Beverly LJ, Siskind LJ. Remote organ cancer adversely alters renal function and induces kidney injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.29.605635. [PMID: 39211238 PMCID: PMC11361030 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.29.605635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 30% of cancer patients experience kidney complications, which hinder optimal cancer management, imposing a burden on patients' quality of life and the healthcare system. The etiology of kidney complications in cancer patients is often attributed to nephrotoxic oncological therapies. However, the direct impact of cancer on kidney health is underestimated, as most nephrotoxic oncological therapies have been studied in animal models that do not have cancer. Our previous study demonstrated that advanced lung cancer adversely alters kidney physiology and function, and exacerbates chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity, indicating lung cancer-kidney crosstalk. This study examines whether this phenomenon is specific to the employed cancer model. Female and male mice of various strains were injected with different cell lines representing human and mouse lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma, and their kidney tissues were analyzed for toxicity and fibrosis. The impact of cancer on the kidney varied by cancer type. Breast cancer and specific subtypes of lung cancer, including KRAS- and EGFR-mutant cancer, pathologically altered kidney physiology and function in a manner dependent on the metastatic potential of the cell line. This was independent of mouse strain, sex, and cancer cell line origin. Moreover, tumor DNA was not detected in the renal tissue, excluding metastases to the kidney as a causative factor for the observed pathological alterations. Lewis lung carcinoma and B16 melanoma did not cause nephrotoxicity, regardless of the tumor size. Our results confirm cancer-kidney crosstalk in specific cancer types and highlight gaps in understanding the risk of renal complications in cancer patients. In the era of precision medicine, further research is essential to identify at-risk oncology populations, enabling early detection and management of renal complications.
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Wu F, Wang S, Zhang J, Wang P, Zhang A. Prevalence of kidney disease in patients with different types of cancer or hematological malignancies: a cross-sectional study. Int Urol Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s11255-024-04130-5. [PMID: 38916787 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-024-04130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cancer patients with the aim of providing guidance for clinical treatment of cancer patients. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on all cancer and hematological malignancy patients admitted to Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 2018 to July 2023. The study population included patients aged 18-80 years with a confirmed cancer or malignancy diagnosis. Chi-square tests, Spearman's correlation, and logistic regression were used to evaluate the relationships between demographic factors, comorbidities, cancer types, antitumor drugs and the prevalence of AKI/CKD. RESULTS Among the 2438 participants, the prevalence rates of AKI and CKD were 3.69% and 7.88%, respectively. Patients with diabetes had higher prevalence of AKI/CKD than those without diabetes (OR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.01-2.68, p = 0.040; OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.10-2.31, p = 0.012, respectively). In addition, a higher prevalence of CKD was observed in patients with hypertension (OR = 3.49, 95% CI 2.43-5.06, p < 0.001). Underweight patients were more likely to develop AKI (OR = 2.66, 95% CI 1.03-6.08, p = 0.029). Anthracyclines may contribute to a higher risk of AKI, and antimetabolites and immunomodulators may be associated with the development of CKD. Overall, patients with hematological malignancies had significantly higher rates of AKI/CKD than those with solid tumors. Among solid tumor patients, the prevalence of AKI/CKD was low in patients with lung and breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS AKI and CKD prevalence varies across cancer types, influenced by factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, body weight, and antitumor drugs. Tailored treatment plans are essential for improving cancer patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Changchun Street 45#, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Shiyuan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Changchun Street 45#, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Changchun Street 45#, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Peixin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Changchun Street 45#, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Changchun Street 45#, Beijing, 100053, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Kurogi Y, Mizuno Y, Kamiyama T, Niwa R. The intestinal stem cell/enteroblast-GAL4 driver, escargot-GAL4, also manipulates gene expression in the juvenile hormone-synthesizing organ of Drosophila melanogaster. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9631. [PMID: 38671036 PMCID: PMC11053112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, offer an excellent genetic model to explore homeostatic roles of ISCs in animal physiology. Among available genetic tools, the escargot (esg)-GAL4 driver, expressing the yeast transcription factor gene, GAL4, under control of the esg gene promoter, has contributed significantly to ISC studies. This driver facilitates activation of genes of interest in proximity to a GAL4-binding element, Upstream Activating Sequence, in ISCs and progenitor enteroblasts (EBs). While esg-GAL4 has been considered an ISC/EB-specific driver, recent studies have shown that esg-GAL4 is also active in other tissues, such as neurons and ovaries. Therefore, the ISC/EB specificity of esg-GAL4 is questionable. In this study, we reveal esg-GAL4 expression in the corpus allatum (CA), responsible for juvenile hormone (JH) production. When driving the oncogenic gene, RasV12, esg-GAL4 induces overgrowth in ISCs/EBs as reported, but also increases CA cell number and size. Consistent with this observation, animals alter expression of JH-response genes. Our data show that esg-GAL4-driven gene manipulation can systemically influence JH-mediated animal physiology, arguing for cautious use of esg-GAL4 as a "specific" ISC/EB driver to examine ISC/EB-mediated animal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Kurogi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yosuke Mizuno
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Takumi Kamiyama
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Niwa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
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Sajadi F, Paluzzi JPV. Molecular characterization, localization, and physiological roles of ITP and ITP-L in the mosquito, Aedes aegypti. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 4:1374325. [PMID: 38654748 PMCID: PMC11035804 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2024.1374325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The insect ion transport peptide (ITP) and its alternatively spliced variant, ITP-like peptide (ITP-L), belong to the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone family of peptides and are widely conserved among insect species. While limited, studies have characterized the ITP/ITP-L signaling system within insects, and putative functions including regulation of ion and fluid transport, ovarian maturation, and thirst/excretion have been proposed. Herein, we aimed to molecularly investigate Itp and Itp-l expression profiles in the mosquito, Aedes aegypti, examine peptide immunolocalization and distribution within the adult central nervous system, and elucidate physiological roles for these neuropeptides. Transcript expression profiles of both AedaeItp and AedaeItp-l revealed distinct enrichment patterns in adults, with AedaeItp expressed in the brain and AedaeItp-l expression predominantly within the abdominal ganglia. Immunohistochemical analysis within the central nervous system revealed expression of AedaeITP peptide in a number of cells in the brain and in the terminal ganglion. Comparatively, AedaeITP-L peptide was localized solely within the pre-terminal abdominal ganglia of the central nervous system. Interestingly, prolonged desiccation stress caused upregulation of AedaeItp and AedaeItp-l levels in adult mosquitoes, suggesting possible functional roles in water conservation and feeding-related activities. RNAi-mediated knockdown of AedaeItp caused an increase in urine excretion, while knockdown of both AedaeItp and AedaeItp-l reduced blood feeding and egg-laying in females as well as hindered egg viability, suggesting roles in reproductive physiology and behavior. Altogether, this study identifies AedaeITP and AedaeITP-L as key pleiotropic hormones, regulating various critical physiological processes in the disease vector, A. aegypti.
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Kwok SH, Liu Y, Bilder D, Kim J. Paraneoplastic renal dysfunction in fly cancer models driven by inflammatory activation of stem cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.21.586173. [PMID: 38585959 PMCID: PMC10996499 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.21.586173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Tumors can induce systemic disturbances in distant organs, leading to physiological changes that enhance host morbidity. In Drosophila cancer models, tumors have been known for decades to cause hypervolemic 'bloating' of the abdominal cavity. Here we use allograft and transgenic tumors to show that hosts display fluid retention associated with autonomously defective secretory capacity of fly renal tubules, which function analogous to those of the human kidney. Excretion from these organs is blocked by abnormal cells that originate from inappropriate activation of normally quiescent renal stem cells (RSCs). Blockage is initiated by IL-6-like oncokines that perturb renal water-transporting cells, and trigger a damage response in RSCs that proceeds pathologically. Thus, a chronic inflammatory state produced by the tumor causes paraneoplastic fluid dysregulation by altering cellular homeostasis of host renal units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Hang Kwok
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuejiang Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley CA, 94720, USA
| | - David Bilder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jung Kim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley CA, 94720, USA
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Sitte HH. Structures of the amphetamine-binding receptor will aid drug discovery. Nature 2023; 624:529-530. [PMID: 38087097 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03786-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
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