1
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Londhe AD, Boivin B. Measuring the Reversible Oxidation of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases Using a Modified Cysteinyl-Labeling Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2743:223-237. [PMID: 38147219 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3569-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The modified cysteinyl-labeling assay enables the labeling, enrichment, and detection of all members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) superfamily that become reversibly oxidized in cells to facilitate phosphorylation-dependent signaling. In this chapter, we describe the method in detail and highlight the pitfalls of avoiding post-lysis oxidation of PTPs to measure the dynamic and transient oxidation and reduction of PTPs in cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash D Londhe
- Department of Nanobioscience, College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Benoit Boivin
- Department of Nanobioscience, College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA.
- Department of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA.
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2
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Morris MT, Jain A, Sun B, Kurbatov V, Muca E, Zeng Z, Jin Y, Roper J, Lu J, Paty PB, Johnson CH, Khan SA. Multi-omic analysis reveals metabolic pathways that characterize right-sided colon cancer liver metastasis. Cancer Lett 2023; 574:216384. [PMID: 37716465 PMCID: PMC10620771 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
There are well demonstrated differences in tumor cell metabolism between right sided (RCC) and left sided (LCC) colon cancer, which could underlie the robust differences observed in their clinical behavior, particularly in metastatic disease. As such, we utilized liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to perform an untargeted metabolomics analysis comparing frozen liver metastasis (LM) biobank samples derived from patients with RCC (N = 32) and LCC (N = 58) to further elucidate the unique biology of each. We also performed an untargeted RNA-seq and subsequent network analysis on samples derived from an overlapping subset of patients (RCC: N = 10; LCC: N = 18). Our biobank redemonstrates the inferior survival of patients with RCC-derived LM (P = 0.04), a well-established finding. Our metabolomic results demonstrate increased reactive oxygen species associated metabolites and bile acids in RCC. Conversely, carnitines, indicators of fatty acid oxidation, are relatively increased in LCC. The transcriptomic analysis implicates increased MEK-ERK, PI3K-AKT and Transcription Growth Factor Beta signaling in RCC LM. Our multi-omic analysis reveals several key differences in cellular physiology which taken together may be relevant to clinical differences in tumor behavior between RCC and LCC liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montana T Morris
- Department of Surgery/Surgical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Boshi Sun
- Department of Surgery/Surgical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Vadim Kurbatov
- Department of Surgery/Surgical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Engjel Muca
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zhaoshi Zeng
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Surgery/Surgical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jatin Roper
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, Duke University School of Medicine, 124 Davison Building, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06378, USA
| | - Philip B Paty
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Caroline H Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Sajid A Khan
- Department of Surgery/Surgical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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3
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Cao M, Day AM, Galler M, Latimer HR, Byrne DP, Foy TW, Dwyer E, Bennett E, Palmer J, Morgan BA, Eyers PA, Veal EA. A peroxiredoxin-P38 MAPK scaffold increases MAPK activity by MAP3K-independent mechanisms. Mol Cell 2023; 83:3140-3154.e7. [PMID: 37572670 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prdxs) utilize reversibly oxidized cysteine residues to reduce peroxides and promote H2O2 signal transduction, including H2O2-induced activation of P38 MAPK. Prdxs form H2O2-induced disulfide complexes with many proteins, including multiple kinases involved in P38 MAPK signaling. Here, we show that a genetically encoded fusion between a Prdx and P38 MAPK is sufficient to hyperactivate the kinase in yeast and human cells by a mechanism that does not require the H2O2-sensing cysteine of the Prdx. We demonstrate that a P38-Prdx fusion protein compensates for loss of the yeast scaffold protein Mcs4 and MAP3K activity, driving yeast into mitosis. Based on our findings, we propose that the H2O2-induced formation of Prdx-MAPK disulfide complexes provides an alternative scaffold and signaling platform for MAPKK-MAPK signaling. The demonstration that formation of a complex with a Prdx is sufficient to modify the activity of a kinase has broad implications for peroxide-based signal transduction in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cao
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Alison M Day
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Martin Galler
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Heather R Latimer
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Dominic P Byrne
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Thomas W Foy
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Emilia Dwyer
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Elise Bennett
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jeremy Palmer
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Brian A Morgan
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Patrick A Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Veal
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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4
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Machado IF, Miranda RG, Dorta DJ, Rolo AP, Palmeira CM. Targeting Oxidative Stress with Polyphenols to Fight Liver Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1212. [PMID: 37371941 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important second messengers in many metabolic processes and signaling pathways. Disruption of the balance between ROS generation and antioxidant defenses results in the overproduction of ROS and subsequent oxidative damage to biomolecules and cellular components that disturb cellular function. Oxidative stress contributes to the initiation and progression of many liver pathologies such as ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, controlling ROS production is an attractive therapeutic strategy in relation to their treatment. In recent years, increasing evidence has supported the therapeutic effects of polyphenols on liver injury via the regulation of ROS levels. In the current review, we summarize the effects of polyphenols, such as quercetin, resveratrol, and curcumin, on oxidative damage during conditions that induce liver injury, such as LIRI, NAFLD, and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo F Machado
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC-Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raul G Miranda
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14040, Brazil
| | - Daniel J Dorta
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040, Brazil
| | - Anabela P Rolo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
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5
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Tuncay A, Crabtree DR, Muggeridge DJ, Husi H, Cobley JN. Performance benchmarking microplate-immunoassays for quantifying target-specific cysteine oxidation reveals their potential for understanding redox-regulation and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 204:252-265. [PMID: 37192685 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The antibody-linked oxi-state assay (ALISA) for quantifying target-specific cysteine oxidation can benefit specialist and non-specialist users. Specialists can benefit from time-efficient analysis and high-throughput target and/or sample n-plex capacities. The simple and accessible "off-the-shelf" nature of ALISA brings the benefits of oxidative damage assays to non-specialists studying redox-regulation. Until performance benchmarking establishes confidence in the "unseen" microplate results, ALISA is unlikely to be widely adopted. Here, we implemented pre-set pass/fail criteria to benchmark ALISA by evaluating immunoassay performance in diverse contexts. ELISA-mode ALISA assays were accurate, reliable, and sensitive. For example, the average inter-assay CV for detecting 20%- and 40%-oxidised PRDX2 or GAPDH standards was 4.6% (range: 3.6-7.4%). ALISA displayed target-specificity. Immunodepleting the target decreased the signal by ∼75%. Single-antibody formatted ALISA failed to quantify the matrix-facing alpha subunit of the mitochondrial ATP synthase. However, RedoxiFluor quantified the alpha subunit displaying exceptional performance in the single-antibody format. ALISA discovered that (1) monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation amplified PRDX2-oxidation in THP-1 cells and (2) exercise increased GAPDH-specific oxidation in human erythrocytes. The "unseen" microplate data were "seen-to-be-believed" via orthogonal visually displayed immunoassays like the dimer method. Finally, we established target (n = 3) and sample (n = 100) n-plex capacities in ∼4 h with 50-70 min hands-on time. Our work showcases the potential of ALISA to advance our understanding of redox-regulation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Tuncay
- Division of Biomedical Science, Life Science Innovation Centre, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, IV2 5NA, Scotland, UK
| | - Daniel R Crabtree
- Division of Biomedical Science, Life Science Innovation Centre, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, IV2 5NA, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Holger Husi
- Division of Biomedical Science, Life Science Innovation Centre, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, IV2 5NA, Scotland, UK
| | - James N Cobley
- Division of Biomedical Science, Life Science Innovation Centre, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, IV2 5NA, Scotland, UK; Cysteine Redox Technology Group, Life Science Innovation Centre, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, IV2 5NA, Scotland, UK.
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6
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Nagarkoti S, Kim YM, Ash D, Das A, Vitriol E, Read TA, Youn SW, Sudhahar V, McMenamin M, Hou Y, Boatwright H, Caldwell R, Essex DW, Cho J, Fukai T, Ushio-Fukai M. Protein disulfide isomerase A1 as a novel redox sensor in VEGFR2 signaling and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2023; 26:77-96. [PMID: 35984546 PMCID: PMC9918675 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-022-09852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
VEGFR2 signaling in endothelial cells (ECs) is regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and mitochondria, which plays an important role in postnatal angiogenesis. However, it remains unclear how highly diffusible ROS signal enhances VEGFR2 signaling and reparative angiogenesis. Protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDIA1) functions as an oxidoreductase depending on the redox environment. We hypothesized that PDIA1 functions as a redox sensor to enhance angiogenesis. Here we showed that PDIA1 co-immunoprecipitated with VEGFR2 or colocalized with either VEGFR2 or an early endosome marker Rab5 at the perinuclear region upon stimulation of human ECs with VEGF. PDIA1 silencing significantly reduced VEGF-induced EC migration, proliferation and spheroid sprouting via inhibiting VEGFR2 signaling. Mechanistically, VEGF stimulation rapidly increased Cys-OH formation of PDIA1 via the NOX4-mitochondrial ROS axis. Overexpression of "redox-dead" mutant PDIA1 with replacement of the active four Cys residues with Ser significantly inhibited VEGF-induced PDIA1-CysOH formation and angiogenic responses via reducing VEGFR2 phosphorylation. Pdia1+/- mice showed impaired angiogenesis in developmental retina and Matrigel plug models as well as ex vivo aortic ring sprouting model. Study using hindlimb ischemia model revealed that PDIA1 expression was markedly increased in angiogenic ECs of ischemic muscles, and that ischemia-induced limb perfusion recovery and neovascularization were impaired in EC-specific Pdia1 conditional knockout mice. These results suggest that PDIA1 can sense VEGF-induced H2O2 signal via CysOH formation to promote VEGFR2 signaling and angiogenesis in ECs, thereby enhancing postnatal angiogenesis. The oxidized PDIA1 is a potential therapeutic target for treatment of ischemic vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheela Nagarkoti
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney-Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Young-Mee Kim
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney-Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dipankar Ash
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney-Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Archita Das
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney-Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Eric Vitriol
- Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Tracy-Ann Read
- Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Seock-Won Youn
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney-Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Varadarajan Sudhahar
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney-Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Malgorzata McMenamin
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney-Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yali Hou
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney-Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Harriet Boatwright
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney-Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ruth Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney-Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - David W Essex
- Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jaehyung Cho
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tohru Fukai
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney-Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Masuko Ushio-Fukai
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney-Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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7
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Wang TT, Wu LL, Wu J, Zhang LS, Shen WJ, Zhao YH, Liu JN, Fu B, Wang X, Li QG, Bai XY, Wang LQ, Chen XM. 14-3-3ζ inhibits maladaptive repair in renal tubules by regulating YAP and reduces renal interstitial fibrosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:381-392. [PMID: 35840657 PMCID: PMC9889378 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) refers to a group of common clinical syndromes characterized by acute renal dysfunction, which may lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD), and this process is called the AKI-CKD transition. The transcriptional coactivator YAP can promote the AKI-CKD transition by regulating the expression of profibrotic factors, and 14-3-3 protein zeta (14-3-3ζ), an important regulatory protein of YAP, may prevent the AKI-CKD transition. We established an AKI-CKD model in mice by unilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and overexpressed 14-3-3ζ in mice using a fluid dynamics-based gene transfection technique. We also overexpressed and knocked down 14-3-3ζ in vitro. In AKI-CKD model mice, 14-3-3ζ expression was significantly increased at the AKI stage. During the development of chronic disease, the expression of 14-3-3ζ tended to decrease, whereas active YAP was consistently overexpressed. In vitro, we found that 14-3-3ζ can combine with YAP, promote the phosphorylation of YAP, inhibit YAP nuclear translocation, and reduce the expression of fibrosis-related proteins. In an in vivo intervention experiment, we found that the overexpression of 14-3-3ζ slowed the process of renal fibrosis in a mouse model of AKI-CKD. These findings suggest that 14-3-3ζ can affect the expression of fibrosis-related proteins by regulating YAP, inhibit the maladaptive repair of renal tubular epithelial cells, and prevent the AKI-CKD transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ling-Ling Wu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Li-Sheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wan-Jun Shen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ying-Hua Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jiao-Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Qing-Gang Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Bai
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Li-Qiang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China.
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8
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He P, Faris S, Sagabala RS, Datta P, Xu Z, Callahan B, Wang C, Boivin B, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. Cholesterol Chip for the Study of Cholesterol-Protein Interactions Using SPR. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:788. [PMID: 36290926 PMCID: PMC9599816 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol, an important lipid in animal membranes, binds to hydrophobic pockets within many soluble proteins, transport proteins and membrane bound proteins. The study of cholesterol-protein interactions in aqueous solutions is complicated by cholesterol's low solubility and often requires organic co-solvents or surfactant additives. We report the synthesis of a biotinylated cholesterol and immobilization of this derivative on a streptavidin chip. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was then used to measure the kinetics of cholesterol interaction with cholesterol-binding proteins, hedgehog protein and tyrosine phosphatase 1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Shannon Faris
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Reddy Sudheer Sagabala
- Department of Nanobioscience, College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Payel Datta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Zihan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Brian Callahan
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Benoit Boivin
- Department of Nanobioscience, College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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9
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Gogiraju R, Gachkar S, Velmeden D, Bochenek ML, Zifkos K, Hubert A, Münzel T, Offermanns S, Schäfer K. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Deficiency in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Promotes Perivascular Fibrosis following Arterial Injury. Thromb Haemost 2022; 122:1814-1826. [PMID: 36075234 PMCID: PMC9512587 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background
Smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype switching plays a central role during vascular remodeling. Growth factor receptors are negatively regulated by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), including its prototype PTP1B. Here, we examine how reduction of PTP1B in SMCs affects the vascular remodeling response to injury.
Methods
Mice with inducible PTP1B deletion in SMCs (SMC.PTP1B-KO) were generated by crossing mice expressing Cre.ER
T2
recombinase under the
Myh11
promoter with PTP1B
flox/flox
mice and subjected to FeCl
3
carotid artery injury.
Results
Genetic deletion of PTP1B in SMCs resulted in adventitia enlargement, perivascular SMA
+
and PDGFRβ
+
myofibroblast expansion, and collagen accumulation following vascular injury. Lineage tracing confirmed the appearance of
Myh11
-Cre reporter cells in the remodeling adventitia, and SCA1
+
CD45
-
vascular progenitor cells increased. Elevated mRNA expression of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling components or enzymes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling and TGFβ liberation was seen in injured SMC.PTP1B-KO mouse carotid arteries, and mRNA transcript levels of contractile SMC marker genes were reduced already at baseline. Mechanistically, Cre recombinase (mice) or siRNA (cells)-mediated downregulation of PTP1B or inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling in SMCs resulted in nuclear accumulation of KLF4, a central transcriptional repressor of SMC differentiation, whereas phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of SMAD2 and SMAD3 were reduced. SMAD2 siRNA transfection increased protein levels of PDGFRβ and MYH10 while reducing ERK1/2 phosphorylation, thus phenocopying genetic PTP1B deletion.
Conclusion
Chronic reduction of PTP1B in SMCs promotes dedifferentiation, perivascular fibrosis, and adverse remodeling following vascular injury by mechanisms involving an ERK1/2 phosphorylation-driven shift from SMAD2 to KLF4-regulated gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinikanth Gogiraju
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sogol Gachkar
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - David Velmeden
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Magdalena L Bochenek
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Zifkos
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Astrid Hubert
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main Site, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Rhine-Main Site, Frankfurt and Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Katrin Schäfer
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main Site, Mainz, Germany
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10
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Shannon N, Gravelle R, Cunniff B. Mitochondrial trafficking and redox/phosphorylation signaling supporting cell migration phenotypes. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:925755. [PMID: 35936783 PMCID: PMC9355248 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.925755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of cell signaling cascades is critical in making sure the response is activated spatially and for a desired duration. Cell signaling cascades are spatially and temporally controlled through local protein phosphorylation events which are determined by the activation of specific kinases and/or inactivation of phosphatases to elicit a complete and thorough response. For example, A-kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs) contribute to the local regulated activity protein kinase A (PKA). The activity of kinases and phosphatases can also be regulated through redox-dependent cysteine modifications that mediate the activity of these proteins. A primary example of this is the activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the inactivation of the phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) phosphatase by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, the local redox environment must play a critical role in the timing and magnitude of these events. Mitochondria are a primary source of ROS and energy (ATP) that contributes to redox-dependent signaling and ATP-dependent phosphorylation events, respectively. The strategic positioning of mitochondria within cells contributes to intracellular gradients of ROS and ATP, which have been shown to correlate with changes to protein redox and phosphorylation status driving downstream cellular processes. In this review, we will discuss the relationship between subcellular mitochondrial positioning and intracellular ROS and ATP gradients that support dynamic oxidation and phosphorylation signaling and resulting cellular effects, specifically associated with cell migration signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Shannon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Redox Biology Program, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Randi Gravelle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Redox Biology Program, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Brian Cunniff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Redox Biology Program, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
- *Correspondence: Brian Cunniff,
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11
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Tuncay A, Noble A, Guille M, Cobley JN. RedoxiFluor: A microplate technique to quantify target-specific protein thiol redox state in relative percentage and molar terms. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 181:118-129. [PMID: 35131446 PMCID: PMC8904371 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Unravelling how reactive oxygen species regulate fundamental biological processes is hampered by the lack of an accessible microplate technique to quantify target-specific protein thiol redox state in percentages and moles. To meet this unmet need, we present RedoxiFluor. RedoxiFluor uses two spectrally distinct thiol-reactive fluorescent conjugated reporters, a capture antibody, detector antibody and a standard curve to quantify target-specific protein thiol redox state in relative percentage and molar terms. RedoxiFluor can operate in global mode to assess the redox state of the bulk thiol proteome and can simultaneously assess the redox state of multiple targets in array mode. Extensive proof-of-principle experiments robustly validate the assay principle and the value of each RedoxiFluor mode in diverse biological contexts. In particular, array mode RedoxiFluor shows that the response of redox-regulated phosphatases to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) differs in human monocytes. Specifically, LPS increased PP2A-, SHP1-, PTP1B-, and CD45-specific reversible thiol oxidation without changing the redox state of calcineurin, PTEN, and SHP2. The relative percentage and molar terms are interpretationally useful and define the most complete and extensive microplate redox analysis achieved to date. RedoxiFluor is a new antibody technology with the power to quantify relative target-specific protein thiol redox state in percentages and moles relative to the bulk thiol proteome and selected other targets in a widely accessible, simple and easily implementable microplate format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Tuncay
- Redox Biology Group, UHI, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Anna Noble
- European Xenopus Resource Centre, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, UK
| | - Matthew Guille
- European Xenopus Resource Centre, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, UK
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12
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Muggeridge DJ, Crabtree DR, Tuncay A, Megson IL, Davison G, Cobley JN. Exercise decreases PP2A-specific reversible thiol oxidation in human erythrocytes: Implications for redox biomarkers. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 182:73-78. [PMID: 35217176 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
New readily accessible systemic redox biomarkers are needed to understand the biological roles reactive oxygen species (ROS) play in humans because overtly flawed, technically fraught, and unspecific assays severely hamper translational progress. The antibody-linked oxi-state assay (ALISA) makes it possible to develop valid ROS-sensitive target-specific protein thiol redox state biomarkers in a readily accessible microplate format. Here, we used a maximal exercise bout to disrupt redox homeostasis in a physiologically meaningful way to determine whether the catalytic core of the serine/threonine protein phosphatase PP2A is a candidate systemic redox biomarker in human erythrocytes. We reasoned that: constitutive oxidative stress (e.g., haemoglobin autoxidation) would sensitise erythrocytes to disrupted ion homeostasis as manifested by increased oxidation of the ion regulatory phosphatase PP2A. Unexpectedly, an acute bout of maximal exercise lasting ~16 min decreased PP2A-specific reversible thiol oxidation (redox ratio, rest: 0.46; exercise: 0.33) without changing PP2A content (rest: 193 pg/ml; exercise: 191 pg/ml). The need for only 3-4 μl of sample to perform ALISA means PP2A-specific reversible thiol oxidation is a capillary-fingertip blood-compatible candidate redox biomarker. Consistent with biologically meaningful redox regulation, thiol reductant-inducible PP2A activity was significantly greater (+10%) at rest compared to exercise. We establish a route to developing new readily measurable protein thiol redox biomarkers for understanding the biological roles ROS play in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Muggeridge
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH, Scotland, UK; Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Daniel R Crabtree
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH, Scotland, UK
| | - Ahmet Tuncay
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH, Scotland, UK
| | - Ian L Megson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH, Scotland, UK
| | - Gareth Davison
- Sport and Exercise Research Institute, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - James N Cobley
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH, Scotland, UK.
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13
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Nicolas-Francès V, Rossi J, Rosnoblet C, Pichereaux C, Hichami S, Astier J, Klinguer A, Wendehenne D, Besson-Bard A. S-Nitrosation of Arabidopsis thaliana Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1 Prevents Its Irreversible Oxidation by Hydrogen Peroxide. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:807249. [PMID: 35222471 PMCID: PMC8867174 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.807249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (Tyr-specific PTPases) are key signaling enzymes catalyzing the removal of the phosphate group from phosphorylated tyrosine residues on target proteins. This post-translational modification notably allows the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades during defense reactions. Arabidopsis thaliana protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (AtPTP1), the only Tyr-specific PTPase present in this plant, acts as a repressor of H2O2 production and regulates the activity of MPK3/MPK6 MAPKs by direct dephosphorylation. Here, we report that recombinant histidine (His)-AtPTP1 protein activity is directly inhibited by H2O2 and nitric oxide (NO) exogenous treatments. The effects of NO are exerted by S-nitrosation, i.e., the formation of a covalent bond between NO and a reduced cysteine residue. This post-translational modification targets the catalytic cysteine C265 and could protect the AtPTP1 protein from its irreversible oxidation by H2O2. This mechanism of protection could be a conserved mechanism in plant PTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Nicolas-Francès
- Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jordan Rossi
- Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Claire Rosnoblet
- Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Carole Pichereaux
- Fédération de Recherche (FR3450), Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FRAIB), CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Siham Hichami
- Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jeremy Astier
- Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Agnès Klinguer
- Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - David Wendehenne
- Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Angélique Besson-Bard
- Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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14
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Targeting Reactive Oxygen Species Capacity of Tumor Cells with Repurposed Drug as an Anticancer Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8532940. [PMID: 34539975 PMCID: PMC8443364 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8532940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with cancer initiation, growth, and response to therapies. As concentrations increase, ROS influence cancer development in a paradoxical way, either triggering tumorigenesis and supporting the proliferation of cancer cells at moderate levels of ROS or causing cancer cell death at high levels of ROS. Thus, ROS can be considered an attractive target for therapy of cancer and two apparently contradictory but virtually complementary therapeutic strategies for the regulation of ROS to treat cancer. Despite tremendous resources being invested in prevention and treatment for cancer, cancer remains a leading cause of human deaths and brings a heavy burden to humans worldwide. Chemotherapy remains the key treatment for cancer therapy, but it produces harmful side effects. Meanwhile, the process of de novo development of new anticancer drugs generally needs increasing cost, long development cycle, and high risk of failure. The use of ROS-based repurposed drugs may be one of the promising ways to overcome current cancer treatment challenges. In this review, we briefly introduce the source and regulation of ROS and then focus on the status of repurposed drugs based on ROS regulation for cancer therapy and propose the challenges and direction of ROS-mediated cancer treatment.
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15
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Sinenko SA, Starkova TY, Kuzmin AA, Tomilin AN. Physiological Signaling Functions of Reactive Oxygen Species in Stem Cells: From Flies to Man. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:714370. [PMID: 34422833 PMCID: PMC8377544 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.714370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, are generated as byproducts of oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria or via cell signaling-induced NADPH oxidases in the cytosol. In the recent two decades, a plethora of studies established that elevated ROS levels generated by oxidative eustress are crucial physiological mediators of many cellular and developmental processes. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of ROS generation and regulation, current understanding of ROS functions in the maintenance of adult and embryonic stem cells, as well as in the process of cell reprogramming to a pluripotent state. Recently discovered cell-non-autonomous ROS functions mediated by growth factors are crucial for controlling cell differentiation and cellular immune response in Drosophila. Importantly, many physiological functions of ROS discovered in Drosophila may allow for deciphering and understanding analogous processes in human, which could potentially lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches in ROS-associated diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Sinenko
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Andrey A Kuzmin
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey N Tomilin
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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16
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Londhe AD, Rizvi SHM, Boivin B. In Vitro Activity Assays to Quantitatively Assess the Endogenous Reversible Oxidation State of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 12:e84. [PMID: 32805074 DOI: 10.1002/cpch.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The reversible oxidation of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) impairs their ability to dephosphorylate substrates in vivo. This transient inactivation of PTPs occurs as their conserved catalytic cysteine residue reacts with cellular oxidants thereby abolishing the ability of this reactive cysteine to attack the phosphate of the target substrate. Hence, in vivo, the inhibition of specific PTPs in response to regulated and localized rises in cellular oxidants enables phospho-dependent signaling. We present assays that measure the endogenous activity of specific PTPs that become transiently inactivated in cells exposed to growth factors. Here, we describe the methods and highlight the pitfalls to avoid post-lysis oxidation of PTPs in order to assess the inactivation and the reactivation of PTPs targeted by cellular oxidants in signal transduction. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Cell transfection (optional) Support Protocol: Preparation of degassed lysis buffers Basic Protocol 2: Cellular extraction in anaerobic conditions Basic Protocol 3: Enrichment and activity assay of specific PTPs Alternate Protocol: Measurement of active PTPs via direct cysteinyl labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash D Londhe
- Department of Nanobioscience, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York
| | - Syed H M Rizvi
- Department of Nanobioscience, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York
| | - Benoit Boivin
- Department of Nanobioscience, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York
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17
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Redox regulation of the insulin signalling pathway. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101964. [PMID: 33893069 PMCID: PMC8113030 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The peptide hormone insulin is a key regulator of energy metabolism, proliferation and survival. Binding of insulin to its receptor activates the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, which mediates fundamental cellular responses. Oxidants, in particular H2O2, have been recognised as insulin-mimetics. Treatment of cells with insulin leads to increased intracellular H2O2 levels affecting the activity of downstream signalling components, thereby amplifying insulin-mediated signal transduction. Specific molecular targets of insulin-stimulated H2O2 include phosphatases and kinases, whose activity can be altered via redox modifications of critical cysteine residues. Over the past decades, several of these redox-sensitive cysteines have been identified and their impact on insulin signalling evaluated. The aim of this review is to summarise the current knowledge on the redox regulation of the insulin signalling pathway.
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18
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Sies H, Jones DP. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as pleiotropic physiological signalling agents. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:363-383. [PMID: 32231263 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2063] [Impact Index Per Article: 515.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
'Reactive oxygen species' (ROS) is an umbrella term for an array of derivatives of molecular oxygen that occur as a normal attribute of aerobic life. Elevated formation of the different ROS leads to molecular damage, denoted as 'oxidative distress'. Here we focus on ROS at physiological levels and their central role in redox signalling via different post-translational modifications, denoted as 'oxidative eustress'. Two species, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the superoxide anion radical (O2·-), are key redox signalling agents generated under the control of growth factors and cytokines by more than 40 enzymes, prominently including NADPH oxidases and the mitochondrial electron transport chain. At the low physiological levels in the nanomolar range, H2O2 is the major agent signalling through specific protein targets, which engage in metabolic regulation and stress responses to support cellular adaptation to a changing environment and stress. In addition, several other reactive species are involved in redox signalling, for instance nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and oxidized lipids. Recent methodological advances permit the assessment of molecular interactions of specific ROS molecules with specific targets in redox signalling pathways. Accordingly, major advances have occurred in understanding the role of these oxidants in physiology and disease, including the nervous, cardiovascular and immune systems, skeletal muscle and metabolic regulation as well as ageing and cancer. In the past, unspecific elimination of ROS by use of low molecular mass antioxidant compounds was not successful in counteracting disease initiation and progression in clinical trials. However, controlling specific ROS-mediated signalling pathways by selective targeting offers a perspective for a future of more refined redox medicine. This includes enzymatic defence systems such as those controlled by the stress-response transcription factors NRF2 and nuclear factor-κB, the role of trace elements such as selenium, the use of redox drugs and the modulation of environmental factors collectively known as the exposome (for example, nutrition, lifestyle and irradiation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Sies
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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19
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Wilson JP, Ipsaro JJ, Del Giudice SN, Turna NS, Gauss CM, Dusenbury KH, Marquart K, Rivera KD, Pappin DJ. Tryp-N: A Thermostable Protease for the Production of N-terminal Argininyl and Lysinyl Peptides. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1459-1469. [PMID: 32141294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bottom-up proteomics is a mainstay in protein identification and analysis. These studies typically employ proteolytic treatment of biological samples to generate suitably sized peptides for tandem mass spectrometric (MS) analysis. In MS, fragmentation of peptides is largely driven by charge localization. Consequently, peptides with basic centers exclusively on their N-termini produce mainly b-ions. Thus, it was long ago realized that proteases that yield such peptides would be valuable proteomic tools for achieving simplified peptide fragmentation patterns and peptide assignment. Work by several groups has identified such proteases, however, structural analysis of these suggested that enzymatic optimization was possible. We therefore endeavored to find enzymes that could provide enhanced activity and versatility while maintaining specificity. Using these previously described proteases as informatic search templates, we discovered and then characterized a thermophilic metalloprotease with N-terminal specificity for arginine and lysine. This enzyme, dubbed Tryp-N, affords many advantages including improved thermostability, solvent and detergent tolerance, and rapid digestion time.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Wilson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, United States
| | - Jonathan J Ipsaro
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, United States
| | - Samantha N Del Giudice
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, United States
| | - Nikita Saha Turna
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, United States
| | - Carla M Gauss
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, United States
| | - Katharine H Dusenbury
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, United States
| | - Krisann Marquart
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, United States
| | - Keith D Rivera
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, United States
| | - Darryl J Pappin
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, United States
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