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Zhu J, Chen Y, Chen Y, Lv Y, Chen T. STAT3 inhibition ameliorates renal interstitial inflammation in MRL/lpr mice with diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2358187. [PMID: 38803234 PMCID: PMC11136473 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2358187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common and severe clinical syndromes of diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (DPLN), of which poor prognosis is indicated by aggravated renal function deterioration. However, the specific therapy and mechanisms of AKI in DPLN remain to be explored. METHODS The correlation between AKI and clinical pathological changes in DPLN patients was analyzed. Expression of STAT3 signaling was detected in MRL/lpr mice with DPLN using immunohistochemical staining and immunoblotting. Inhibition of STAT3 activation by combination therapy was assessed in MRL/lpr mice. RESULTS Correlation analysis revealed only the interstitial leukocytes were significantly related to AKI in endocapillary DPLN patients. MRL/lpr mice treated with vehicle, which can recapitulate renal damages of DPLN patients, showed upregulation of STAT3, pSTAT3 and caspase-1 in renal cortex. FLLL32 combined with methylprednisolone therapy significantly inhibited the STAT3 activation, improved acute kidney damage, reduced the interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells and decreased the AKI incidence in MRL/lpr mice. CONCLUSION STAT3 activation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of DPLN and the development of AKI. Hence, STAT3 inhibition based on the combination of FLLL32 with methylprednisolone may represent a new strategy for treatment of DPLN with AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfen Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yijing Chen
- Department of clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Department of clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yinqiu Lv
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tianxin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Tan W, Chen J, Wang Y, Xiang K, Lu X, Han Q, Hou M, Yang J. Single-cell RNA sequencing in diabetic kidney disease: a literature review. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2387428. [PMID: 39099183 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2387428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and its pathogenesis has not been clarified. Current research suggests that DKD involves multiple cell types and extra-renal factors, and it is particularly important to clarify the pathogenesis and identify new therapeutic targets. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology is high-throughput sequencing of the transcriptomes of individual cells at the single-cell level, which is an effective technology for exploring the development of diseases by comparing genetic information, reflecting the differences in genetic information between cells, and identifying different cell subpopulations. Accumulating evidence supports the role of scRNA-seq in revealing the pathogenesis of diabetes and strengthening our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of DKD. We reviewed the scRNA-seq data this time. Then, we analyzed and discussed the applications of scRNA-seq technology in DKD research, including annotation of cell types, identification of novel cell types (or subtypes), identification of intercellular communication, analysis of cell differentiation trajectories, gene expression detection, and analysis of gene regulatory networks, and lastly, we explored the future perspectives of scRNA-seq technology in DKD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tan
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaoyan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunyan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kui Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianqiong Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuyu Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyue Hou
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jurong Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Lv Y, Yang Z, Hai L, Chen X, Wang J, Hu S, Zhao Y, Yuan H, Hu Z, Cui D, Xie J. Differential alterations of CXCR3, CXCR5 and CX3CR1 in patients with immune thrombocytopenia. Cytokine 2024; 181:156684. [PMID: 38936205 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
As a versatile element for maintaining homeostasis, the chemokine system has been reported to be implicated in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). However, research pertaining to chemokine receptors and related ligands in adult ITP is still limited. The states of several typical chemokine receptors and cognate ligands in the circulation were comparatively assessed through various methodologies. Multiple variable analyses of correlation matrixes were conducted to characterize the correlation signatures of various chemokine receptors or candidate ligands with platelet counts. Our data illustrated a significant decrease in relative CXCR3 expression and elevated plasma levels of CXCL4, 9-11, 13, and CCL3 chemokines in ITP patients with varied platelet counts. Flow cytometry assays revealed eminently diminished CXCR3 levels on T and B lymphocytes and increased CXCR5 on cytotoxic T cell (Tc) subsets in ITP patients with certain platelet counts. Meanwhile, circulating CX3CR1 levels were markedly higher on T cells with a concomitant increase in plasma CX3CL1 level in ITP patients, highlighting the importance of aberrant alterations of the CX3CR1-CX3CL1 axis in ITP pathogenesis. Spearman's correlation analyses revealed a strong positive association of peripheral CXCL4 mRNA level, and negative correlations of plasma CXCL4 concentration and certain chemokine receptors with platelet counts, which might serve as a potential biomarker of platelet destruction in ITP development. Overall, these results indicate that the differential expression patterns and distinct activation states of peripheral chemokine network, and the subsequent expansion of circulating CXCR5+ Tc cells and CX3CR1+ T cells, may be a hallmark during ITP progression, which ultimately contributes to thrombocytopenia in ITP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lv
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ziyin Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lei Hai
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jiayuan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shaohua Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yuhong Zhao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Huiming Yuan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhengjun Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310060, China.
| | - Dawei Cui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Jue Xie
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Tur C, Eckstein M, Velden J, Rauber S, Bergmann C, Auth J, Bucci L, Corte G, Hagen M, Wirsching A, Grieshaber-Bouyer R, Reis P, Kittan N, Wacker J, Rius Rigau A, Ramming A, D'Agostino MA, Hartmann A, Müller F, Mackensen A, Bozec A, Schett G, Raimondo MG. CD19-CAR T-cell therapy induces deep tissue depletion of B cells. Ann Rheum Dis 2024:ard-2024-226142. [PMID: 39153835 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2024-226142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy can induce long-term drug-free remission in patients with autoimmune diseases (AIDs). The efficacy of CD19-CAR T-cell therapy is presumably based on deep tissue depletion of B cells; however, such effect has not been proven in humans in vivo. METHODS Sequential ultrasound-guided inguinal lymph node biopsies were performed at baseline and after CD19-CAR T-cell therapy in patients with AIDs. Results were compared with lymph node biopsies from rituximab (RTX)-treated AID patients with absence of peripheral B cells. Conventional and immunohistochemistry staining were performed on lymph node tissue to assess architecture as well the number of B cells, follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), plasma cells, T cells and macrophages. RESULTS Sequential lymph node biopsies were analysed from five patients with AID before and after CD19-CAR T-cell therapy and from five patients with AID after RTX treatment. In addition, non-lymphoid organ biopsies (colon, kidney and gallbladder) from three additional patients with AID after CD19-CAR T-cell therapy were analysed. CD19+ and CD20+ B cells were completely depleted in the lymph nodes after CD19-CAR T-cell therapy, but not after RTX treatment. Plasma cells, T cells and macrophages in the lymph nodes remained unchanged. Follicular structures were disrupted and FDCs were depleted in the lymph nodes after CD19-CAR T-cell therapy, but not after RTX. Non-lymphoid organs were completely depleted of B cells. DISCUSSION This study demonstrates complete B-cell depletion in secondary lymphoid tissues of patients with AIDs following CD19-CAR T-cell therapy combined with standard lymphodepleting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Tur
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
- Division of Rheumatology-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Lazio, Italy
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joachim Velden
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Rauber
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Bergmann
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janina Auth
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laura Bucci
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giulia Corte
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melanie Hagen
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Wirsching
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ricardo Grieshaber-Bouyer
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Petra Reis
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolai Kittan
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Wacker
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aleix Rius Rigau
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ramming
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria-Antonietta D'Agostino
- Division of Rheumatology-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Lazio, Italy
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Müller
- Department of Medicine 5-Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Andreas Mackensen
- Department of Medicine 5-Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
- Division of Rheumatology-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Lazio, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Raimondo
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
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Yoshikawa T, Yanagita M. Single-Cell Analysis Provides New Insights into the Roles of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures and Immune Cell Infiltration in Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00275-X. [PMID: 39097168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health concern with high morbidity and mortality. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a pivotal risk factor for the progression of CKD, and the rate of AKI-to-CKD progression increases with aging. Intrarenal inflammation is a fundamental mechanism underlying AKI-to-CKD progression. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), ectopic lymphoid aggregates formed in nonlymphoid organs, develop in aged injured kidneys, but not in young kidneys, with prolonged inflammation and maladaptive repair, which potentially exacerbates AKI-to-CKD progression in aged individuals. Dysregulated immune responses are involved in the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases, such as IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, and diabetic kidney diseases, thereby deteriorating kidney function. TLSs also develop in several kidney diseases, including transplanted kidneys and renal cell carcinoma. However, the precise immunologic mechanisms driving AKI-to-CKD progression and development of these kidney diseases remain unclear, which hinders the development of novel therapeutic approaches. This review aims to describe recent findings from single-cell analysis of cellular heterogeneity and complex interactions among immune and renal parenchymal cells, which potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of AKI-to-CKD progression and other kidney diseases, highlighting the mechanisms of formation and pathogenic roles of TLSs in aged injured kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Yoshikawa
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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6
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Tan Z, Hall P, Mack M, Snelgrove SL, Kitching AR, Hickey MJ. Both Classical and Non-Classical Monocytes Patrol Glomerular Capillaries and Promote Acute Glomerular Inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00281-5. [PMID: 39117108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Monocyte patrolling of the vasculature has been ascribed primarily to the non-classical monocyte subset. However, a recent study of the glomerular microvasculature provided evidence that both classical and non-classical monocytes undergo periods of intravascular retention and migration. Despite this, whether these subsets contribute differentially to acute glomerular inflammation is unknown. This study used glomerular multiphoton intravital microscopy to investigate the capacity of classical and non-classical monocytes to patrol the glomerular microvasculature and promote acute, neutrophil-dependent glomerular inflammation. In imaging experiments in monocyte reporter Cx3cr1gfp/+ mice, co-staining with anti-Ly6B or anti-Ly6C revealed that both non-classical monocytes [CX3C chemokine receptor 1-green fluorescent protein positive (CX3CR1-GFP+)] and classical monocytes (CX3CR1-GFP+ and Ly6B+ or Ly6C+) underwent prolonged (>10 minutes) retention and migration in the glomerular microvasculature. On induction of acute glomerulonephritis, in these behaviors were increased in classical but not non-classical monocytes. Using non-classical monocyte-deficient Csf1rCreNr4a1fl/fl mice, or anti-CCR2 to deplete classical monocytes, the removal of either subset reduced neutrophil retention and activation in acutely inflamed glomeruli, while the depletion of both subsets, via anti-CCR2 treatment in Csf1rCreNr4a1fl/fl mice, led to further reductions in neutrophil activity. In contrast, in a model of CD4+ T cell-dependent glomerulonephritis, the depletion of either monocyte subset failed to alter neutrophil responses. These findings indicate that both classical and non-classical monocytes patrol the glomerular microvasculature and promote neutrophil responses in acutely inflamed glomeruli.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZheHao Tan
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pam Hall
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine II-Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sarah L Snelgrove
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Richard Kitching
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Departments of Nephrology and Pediatric Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J Hickey
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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7
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Tran MA, Youssef D, Shroff S, Chowhan D, Beaumont KG, Sebra R, Mehrazin R, Wiklund P, Lin JJ, Horowitz A, Farkas AM, Galsky MD, Sfakianos JP, Bhardwaj N. Urine scRNAseq reveals new insights into the bladder tumor immune microenvironment. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20240045. [PMID: 38847806 PMCID: PMC11157455 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20240045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to bladder tumors' contact with urine, urine-derived cells (UDCs) may serve as a surrogate for monitoring the tumor microenvironment (TME) in bladder cancer (BC). However, the composition of UDCs and the extent to which they mirror the tumor remain poorly characterized. We generated the first single-cell RNA-sequencing of BC patient UDCs with matched tumor and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). BC urine was more cellular than healthy donor (HD) urine, containing multiple immune populations including myeloid cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, B cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) in addition to tumor and stromal cells. Immune UDCs were transcriptionally more similar to tumor than blood. UDCs encompassed cytotoxic and activated CD4+ T cells, exhausted and tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells, macrophages, germinal-center-like B cells, tissue-resident and adaptive NK cells, and regulatory DCs found in tumor but lacking or absent in blood. Our findings suggest BC UDCs may be surrogates for the TME and serve as therapeutic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Tran
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dina Youssef
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjana Shroff
- Department of Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Disha Chowhan
- Department of Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristin G. Beaumont
- Department of Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Reza Mehrazin
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Wiklund
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jenny J. Lin
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amir Horowitz
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam M. Farkas
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew D. Galsky
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John P. Sfakianos
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Extramural Member, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
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8
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Tsokos GC. The immunology of systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:1332-1343. [PMID: 39009839 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been a great challenge. Reductionist approaches to understand the nature of the disease have identified many pathogenetic contributors that parallel clinical heterogeneity. This Review outlines the immunological control of SLE and looks to experimental tools and approaches that are improving our understanding of the complex contribution of interacting genetics, environment, sex and immunoregulatory factors and their interface with processes inherent to tissue parenchymal cells. Efforts to advance precision medicine in the care of patients with SLE along with treatment strategies to correct the immune system hold hope and are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Tsokos
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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9
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Liu C, Yu Z, Song Y, Zhang X, Zhao J, Yu Q, Li M, Li Y, Liu J. Single-cell RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pregnant women with Systemic lupus erythematosus. Int Rev Immunol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39066603 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2024.2376649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune condition, presents pregnancy-related risks, impacting maternal and fetal health. The immune cell composition and gene expression profiles in pregnant SLE patients, as well as the molecular mechanisms of active SLE patients during pregnancy, remain unclear. In our study, we enrolled 12 patients: three active SLE individuals (SLE-AT group, SLEDAI > 12, non-pregnant women), three inactive SLE individuals (SLE-NP group, SLEDAI ranging 0 to 6, non-pregnant women), three pregnant women with active SLE (SLE-C group, SLEDAI > 12), and three pregnant women with inactive SLE (SLE-NC group, SLEDAI range 0 to 6 score). Transcriptome analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was conducted using the 10x Genomics technique. We observed upregulation of genes like CCDC15 and TRBV4-2 in T cells and CMPK2, IFIT1, and OAS2 in monocytes in the SLE-C group. Notably, gene sets related to Cell Cycle and IFN Response showed significant differences between the SLE-C and SLE-NC groups in naïve CD8 T cells. Our comparison of immune cell type ratios and transcriptional patterns between active and inactive SLE during pregnancy sheds light on the single-cell level changes in SLE status during pregnancy, offering insights for future SLE prediction and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyang Yu
- Berry Genomics Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Yijun Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jiuliang Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Berry Genomics Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Mengtao Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yuezhen Li
- Berry Genomics Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Juntao Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China
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10
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Guo Q, Qiao P, Wang J, Zhao L, Guo Z, Li X, Fan X, Yu C, Zhang L. Investigating the value of urinary biomarkers in relation to lupus nephritis histopathology: present insights and future prospects. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1421657. [PMID: 39104393 PMCID: PMC11298450 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1421657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN), a leading cause of death in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients, presents significant diagnostic and prognostic challenges. Although renal pathology offers critical insights regarding the diagnosis, classification, and therapy for LN, its clinical utility is constrained by the invasive nature and limited reproducibility of renal biopsies. Moreover, the continuous monitoring of renal pathological changes through repeated biopsies is impractical. Consequently, there is a growing interest in exploring urine as a non-invasive, easily accessible, and dynamic "liquid biopsy" alternative to guide clinical management. This paper examines novel urinary biomarkers from a renal pathology perspective, encompassing cellular components, cytokines, adhesion molecules, auto-antibodies, soluble leukocyte markers, light chain fragments, proteins, small-molecule peptides, metabolomics, urinary exosomes, and ribonucleic acids. We also discuss the application of combined models comprising multiple biomarkers in assessing lupus activity. These innovative biomarkers and models offer insights into LN disease activity, acute and chronic renal indices, fibrosis, thrombotic microangiopathy, podocyte injury, and other pathological changes, potentially improving the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of LN. These urinary biomarkers or combined models may serve as viable alternatives to traditional renal pathology, potentially revolutionizing the method for future LN diagnosis and observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Guo
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Pengyan Qiao
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Stem Cell Translational Laboratory, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhiying Guo
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiuying Fan
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Office of Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chong Yu
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Stem Cell Translational Laboratory, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Office of Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Taiyuan, China
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Rahman MF, Kurlovs AH, Vodnala M, Meibalan E, Means TK, Nouri N, de Rinaldis E, Savova V. Immune disease dialogue of chemokine-based cell communications as revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing meta-analysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.17.603936. [PMID: 39071425 PMCID: PMC11275869 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.17.603936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Immune-mediated diseases are characterized by aberrant immune responses, posing significant challenges to global health. In both inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, dysregulated immune reactions mediated by tissue-residing immune and non-immune cells precipitate chronic inflammation and tissue damage that is amplified by peripheral immune cell extravasation into the tissue. Chemokine receptors are pivotal in orchestrating immune cell migration, yet deciphering the signaling code across cell types, diseases and tissues remains an open challenge. To delineate disease-specific cell-cell communications involved in immune cell migration, we conducted a meta-analysis of publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data across diverse immune diseases and tissues. Our comprehensive analysis spanned multiple immune disorders affecting major organs: atopic dermatitis and psoriasis (skin), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (lung), ulcerative colitis (colon), IgA nephropathy and lupus nephritis (kidney). By interrogating ligand-receptor (L-R) interactions, alterations in cell proportions, and differential gene expression, we unveiled intricate disease-specific and common immune cell chemoattraction and extravasation patterns. Our findings delineate disease-specific L-R networks and shed light on shared immune responses across tissues and diseases. Insights gleaned from this analysis hold promise for the development of targeted therapeutics aimed at modulating immune cell migration to mitigate inflammation and tissue damage. This nuanced understanding of immune cell dynamics at the single-cell resolution opens avenues for precision medicine in immune disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouly F. Rahman
- Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Sanofi US, Cambridge, MA 02141, United States
| | - Andre H. Kurlovs
- Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Sanofi US, Cambridge, MA 02141, United States
| | - Munender Vodnala
- Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Sanofi US, Cambridge, MA 02141, United States
| | - Elamaran Meibalan
- Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Sanofi US, Cambridge, MA 02141, United States
| | - Terry K. Means
- Immunology & Inflammation Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi US, Cambridge, MA 02141, United States
| | - Nima Nouri
- Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Sanofi US, Cambridge, MA 02141, United States
| | - Emanuele de Rinaldis
- Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Sanofi US, Cambridge, MA 02141, United States
| | - Virginia Savova
- Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Sanofi US, Cambridge, MA 02141, United States
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Yang Y, Chen X, Pan J, Ning H, Zhang Y, Bo Y, Ren X, Li J, Qin S, Wang D, Chen MM, Zhang Z. Pan-cancer single-cell dissection reveals phenotypically distinct B cell subtypes. Cell 2024:S0092-8674(24)00712-8. [PMID: 39047727 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Characterizing the compositional and phenotypic characteristics of tumor-infiltrating B cells (TIBs) is important for advancing our understanding of their role in cancer development. Here, we establish a comprehensive resource of human B cells by integrating single-cell RNA sequencing data of B cells from 649 patients across 19 major cancer types. We demonstrate substantial heterogeneity in their total abundance and subtype composition and observe immunoglobulin G (IgG)-skewness of antibody-secreting cell isotypes. Moreover, we identify stress-response memory B cells and tumor-associated atypical B cells (TAABs), two tumor-enriched subpopulations with prognostic potential, shared in a pan-cancer manner. In particular, TAABs, characterized by a high clonal expansion level and proliferative capacity as well as by close interactions with activated CD4 T cells in tumors, are predictive of immunotherapy response. Our integrative resource depicts distinct clinically relevant TIB subsets, laying a foundation for further exploration of functional commonality and diversity of B cells in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xueyan Chen
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jieying Pan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Huiheng Ning
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Yaojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yufei Bo
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xianwen Ren
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiesheng Li
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shishang Qin
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Min-Min Chen
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China.
| | - Zemin Zhang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Xu H, Ye Y, Duan R, Gao Y, Hu Y, Gao L. Beaconet: A Reference-Free Method for Integrating Multiple Batches of Single-Cell Transcriptomic Data in Original Molecular Space. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306770. [PMID: 38711214 PMCID: PMC11234410 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Integrating multiple single-cell datasets is essential for the comprehensive understanding of cell heterogeneity. Batch effect is the undesired systematic variations among technologies or experimental laboratories that distort biological signals and hinder the integration of single-cell datasets. However, existing methods typically rely on a selected dataset as a reference, leading to inconsistent integration performance using different references, or embed cells into uninterpretable low-dimensional feature space. To overcome these limitations, a reference-free method, Beaconet, for integrating multiple single-cell transcriptomic datasets in original molecular space by aligning the global distribution of each batch using an adversarial correction network is presented. Through extensive comparisons with 13 state-of-the-art methods, it is demonstrated that Beaconet can effectively remove batch effect while preserving biological variations and is superior to existing unsupervised methods using all possible references in overall performance. Furthermore, Beaconet performs integration in the original molecular feature space, enabling the characterization of cell types and downstream differential expression analysis directly using integrated data with gene-expression features. Additionally, when applying to large-scale atlas data integration, Beaconet shows notable advantages in both time- and space-efficiencies. In summary, Beaconet serves as an effective and efficient batch effect removal tool that can facilitate the integration of single-cell datasets in a reference-free and molecular feature-preserved mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xu
- School of Computer Science and TechnologyXidian UniversityXi'an710126China
| | - Yusen Ye
- School of Computer Science and TechnologyXidian UniversityXi'an710126China
| | - Ran Duan
- School of Electrical and Information EngineeringBeijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing102616China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Computer ScienceThe University of British Columbia OkanaganKelownaBritish ColumbiaV1V 1V7Canada
| | - Yuxuan Hu
- School of Computer Science and TechnologyXidian UniversityXi'an710126China
| | - Lin Gao
- School of Computer Science and TechnologyXidian UniversityXi'an710126China
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14
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Gu Q, Wen Y, Cheng X, Qi Y, Cao X, Gao X, Mao X, Shang W, Wei L, Jia J, Yan T, Cai Z. Integrative profiling of untreated primary membranous nephropathy at the single-cell transcriptome level. Clin Kidney J 2024; 17:sfae168. [PMID: 39027416 PMCID: PMC11255483 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfae168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) is an autoimmune kidney disease. Despite the identification of certain autoantigens, the etiology and pathophysiology of PMN are still largely unknown. Methods Five patients with biopsy-proven PMN were enrolled in this study. Their blood, kidney and urine samples were collected respectively to profile cellular, molecular and immunological alterations by using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Experimental verifications were also implemented in kidney tissue. Results In the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples, portions of B cells and plasma cells were increased in PMN patients. Cell-cell communication analysis suggests that APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand from B cells) might be a potential molecule that regulates the activity of plasma cells. In the kidney samples, scRNA-seq analysis showed that the infiltration of T cells, as well as the myeloid cells, appears abundant compared with healthy controls, suggesting that immune cells are actively recruited to kidney. Furthermore, we observed an enhanced interaction between inflammatory cells and podocytes, which might contribute to kidney injury. Accordingly, scRNA-seq analysis of urinary samples is partially reminiscent of the kidney cell landscape, especially T cells and myeloid cells, suggesting monitoring urinary samples is a promising method to monitor PMN development. Additionally, integrative analysis across the blood, kidney and urine identified LTB, HERP1, ANXA1, IL1RN and ICAM1 as common regulators of PMN. Finally, immune repertoire in PBMC also showed an elevated diversity of clonal type, implying the existence of autoreactive T-cell receptor/B-cell receptor. Conclusion Our study comprehensively profiled the transcriptomic landscapes of blood, kidney and urine in patients with PMN using scRNA-seq. We depicted the alterations including cell compositions and cell-cell communication in PMN. These results offer important clues with regard to the diagnosis and pathogenesis of PMN and potential intervention of PMN progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhua Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuchen Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital-Airport Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiqian Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital-Airport Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoming Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenya Shang
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Junya Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tiekun Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhigang Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Tianjin, China
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Chen Y, Gong Y, Zou J, Li G, Zhang F, Yang Y, Liang Y, Dai W, He L, Lu H. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals transcript enrichment in oxidative phosphorylation, fluid sheer stress, and inflammatory pathways in obesity-related glomerulopathy. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101101. [PMID: 38560497 PMCID: PMC10978546 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease and even progression to end-stage renal disease. Efforts have been undertaken to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the development of ORG and substantial advances have been made in the treatment of ORG, but relatively little is known about cell-specific changes in gene expression. To define the transcriptomic landscape at single-cell resolution, we analyzed kidney samples from four patients with ORG and three obese control subjects without kidney disease using single-cell RNA sequencing. We report for the first time that immune cells, including T cells and B cells, are decreased in ORG patients. Further analysis indicated that SPP1 was significantly up-regulated in T cells and B cells. This gene is related to inflammation and cell proliferation. Analysis of differential gene expression in glomerular cells (endothelial cells, mesangial cells, and podocytes) showed that these cell types were mainly enriched in genes related to oxidative phosphorylation, cell adhesion, thermogenesis, and inflammatory pathways (PI3K-Akt signaling, MAPK signaling). Furthermore, we found that the podocytes of ORG patients were enriched in genes related to the fluid shear stress pathway. Moreover, an evaluation of cell-cell communications revealed that there were interactions between glomerular parietal epithelial cells and other cells in ORG patients, with major interactions between parietal epithelial cells and podocytes. Altogether, our identification of molecular events, cell types, and differentially expressed genes may facilitate the development of new preventive or therapeutic approaches for ORG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Yushun Gong
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Jia Zou
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Guoli Li
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Yiya Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Yumei Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Wenni Dai
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Liyu He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Hengcheng Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
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Chen Y, Gu X, Cao K, Tu M, Liu W, Ju J. The role of innate lymphoid cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Cytokine 2024; 179:156623. [PMID: 38685155 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a connective tissue disorder that affects various body systems. Both the innate and adaptive immunity contribute to the onset and progression of SLE. The main mechanism of SLE is an excessive immune response of immune cells to autoantigens, which leads to systemic inflammation and inflammation-induced organ damage. Notably, a subset of innate immune cells known as innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has recently emerged. ILCs are pivotal in the early stages of infection; participate in immune responses, inflammation, and tissue repair; and regulate the immune function of the body by resisting pathogens and regulating autoimmune inflammation and metabolic homeostasis. Thus, ILCs dysfunction can lead to autoimmune diseases. This review discusses the maturation of ILCs, the potential mechanisms by which ILCs exacerbate SLE pathogenesis, and their contributions to organ inflammatory deterioration in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xiaotian Gu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Kunyu Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Miao Tu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Wan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Jiyu Ju
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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Porsch F, Binder CJ. Autoimmune diseases and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-024-01045-7. [PMID: 38937626 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are associated with a dramatically increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its clinical manifestations. The increased risk is consistent with the notion that atherogenesis is modulated by both protective and disease-promoting immune mechanisms. Notably, traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidaemia and hypertension alone do not explain the increased risk of cardiovascular disease associated with autoimmune diseases. Several mechanisms have been implicated in mediating the autoimmunity-associated cardiovascular risk, either directly or by modulating the effect of other risk factors in a complex interplay. Aberrant leukocyte function and pro-inflammatory cytokines are central to both disease entities, resulting in vascular dysfunction, impaired resolution of inflammation and promotion of chronic inflammation. Similarly, loss of tolerance to self-antigens and the generation of autoantibodies are key features of autoimmunity but are also implicated in the maladaptive inflammatory response during atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Therefore, immunomodulatory therapies are potential efficacious interventions to directly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, and biomarkers of autoimmune disease activity could be relevant tools to stratify patients with autoimmunity according to their cardiovascular risk. In this Review, we discuss the pathophysiological aspects of the increased cardiovascular risk associated with autoimmunity and highlight the many open questions that need to be answered to develop novel therapies that specifically address this unmet clinical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Porsch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Zhao L, Tang S, Chen F, Ren X, Han X, Zhou X. Regulation of macrophage polarization by targeted metabolic reprogramming for the treatment of lupus nephritis. Mol Med 2024; 30:96. [PMID: 38914953 PMCID: PMC11197188 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe and common manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that is frequently identified with a poor prognosis. Macrophages play an important role in its pathogenesis. Different macrophage subtypes have different effects on lupus-affected kidneys. Based on their origin, macrophages can be divided into monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMacs) and tissue-resident macrophages (TrMacs). During nephritis, TrMacs develop a hybrid pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functional phenotype, as they do not secrete arginase or nitric oxide (NO) when stimulated by cytokines. The infiltration of these mixed-phenotype macrophages is related to the continuous damage caused by immune complexes and exposure to circulating inflammatory mediators, which is an indication of the failure to resolve inflammation. On the other hand, MoMacs differentiate into M1 or M2 cells under cytokine stimulation. M1 macrophages are pro-inflammatory and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, while the M2 main phenotype is essentially anti-inflammatory and promotes tissue repair. Conversely, MoMacs undergo differentiation into M1 or M2 cells in response to cytokine stimulation. M1 macrophages are considered pro-inflammatory cells and secrete pro-inflammatory mediators, whereas the M2 main phenotype is primarily anti-inflammatory and promotes tissue repair. Moreover, based on cytokine expression, M2 macrophages can be further divided into M2a, M2b, and M2c phenotypes. M2a and M2c have anti-inflammatory effects and participate in tissue repair, while M2b cells have immunoregulatory and pro-inflammatory properties. Further, memory macrophages also have a role in the advancement of LN. Studies have demonstrated that the polarization of macrophages is controlled by multiple metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid oxidation, sphingolipid metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and arginine metabolism. The changes in these metabolic pathways can be regulated by substances such as fish oil, polyenylphosphatidylcholine, taurine, fumaric acid, metformin, and salbutamol, which inhibit M1 polarization of macrophages and promote M2 polarization, thereby alleviating LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Zhao
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Xinjian South Road No. 56, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Shuqin Tang
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Xinjian South Road No. 56, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Fahui Chen
- The Third Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030619, China
| | - Xiya Ren
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Xinjian South Road No. 56, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Xiutao Han
- The Third Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030619, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Shuangta East Street No. 29, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, China.
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Nishide M, Shimagami H, Kumanogoh A. Single-cell analysis in rheumatic and allergic diseases: insights for clinical practice. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01043-3. [PMID: 38914790 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Since the advent of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) methodology, single-cell analysis has become a powerful tool for exploration of cellular networks and dysregulated immune responses in disease pathogenesis. Advanced bioinformatics tools have enabled the combined analysis of scRNA-seq data and information on various cell properties, such as cell surface molecular profiles, chromatin accessibility and spatial information, leading to a deeper understanding of pathology. This Review provides an overview of the achievements in single-cell analysis applied to clinical samples of rheumatic and allergic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, allergic airway diseases and atopic dermatitis, with an expanded scope beyond peripheral blood cells to include local diseased tissues. Despite the valuable insights that single-cell analysis has provided into disease pathogenesis, challenges remain in translating single-cell findings into clinical practice and developing personalized treatment strategies. Beyond understanding the atlas of cellular diversity, we discuss the application of data obtained in each study to clinical practice, with a focus on identifying biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Nishide
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Shimagami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Chen YC, Yu HH, Hu YC, Yang YH, Lin YT, Wang LC, Chiang BL, Lee JH. Peripheral blood cells RNA-seq identifies differentially expressed gene network linked to lymphocyte subsets alterations and active lupus nephritis associated with declines in renal function. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32303. [PMID: 38912505 PMCID: PMC11190669 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate whether quantitative changes in lymphocyte subsets and gene expression in peripheral blood (PB) cells are related to the clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN). Methods We enrolled 95 pediatric-onset SLE patients with renal involvement who presented with 450 clinical episodes suspicious for LN flare. Percentages of lymphocyte subsets at each episode were determined. We stratified 55 of 95 patients as high or low subset group according to the median percentage of each lymphocyte subset and the association with changes in the eGFR (ΔeGFR) were analyzed. Peripheral blood bulk RNA-seq to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 9 active LN vs. 9 inactive LN patients and the DEG-derived network was constructed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Results The mean ΔeGFR of low NK-low memory CD4+ T-high naive CD4+ T group (31.01 mL/min/1.73 m2) was significantly greater than that of high NK-high memory CD4+ T-low naive CD4+ T group (11.83 mL/min/1.73 m2; P = 0.0175). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the median time for ΔeGFR decline to mean ΔeGFR is approximately 10 years for high NK-high memory CD4+ T-low naive CD4+ T group and approximately 5 years for low NK-low memory CD4+ T-high naive CD4+ T group (log-rank test P = 0.0294). Conclusions Our study highlighted important connections between DEG-derived network, lymphocyte subset composition, and disease status of LN and GN. A novel scoring system based on lymphocyte subset proportions effectively stratified patients into groups with differential risks for declining renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Chen
- Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, China
| | - Hsin-Hui Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Ya-Chiao Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Yu-Tsan Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Li-Chieh Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, China
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Jyh-Hong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, China
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21
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Satoh-Kanda Y, Nakayamada S, Kubo S, Yamagata K, Nawata A, Tanaka H, Kosaka S, Kanda R, Yu S, Fujita Y, Sonomoto K, Tanaka Y. Modifying T cell phenotypes using TYK2 inhibitor and its implications for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. RMD Open 2024; 10:e003991. [PMID: 38871479 PMCID: PMC11177773 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The tuning effects of JAK/TYK2 inhibitors on the imbalance between T follicular helper (Tfh) and T regulatory (Treg) cells, related to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis, were investigated using human peripheral blood samples. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from untreated patients with SLE and healthy controls were analysed. Tfh1 cells were identified in nephritis tissue, and the effect of Tfh1 cells on B-cell differentiation was examined by coculturing naïve B cells with Tfh1 cells. RESULTS Tfh1 cell numbers were increased in the peripheral blood of patients, and activated Treg cell counts were decreased relative to Tfh1 cell counts. This imbalance in the Tfh to Treg ratio was remarkably pronounced in cases of lupus nephritis, especially in types III and IV active nephritis. Immunohistochemistry revealed Tfh1 cell infiltration in lupus nephritis tissues. Co-culture of Tfh1 cells (isolated from healthy individuals) with naïve B cells elicited greater induction of T-bet+ B cells than controls. In JAK/TYK2-dependent STAT phosphorylation assays using memory CD4+ T cells, IL-12-induced STAT1/4 phosphorylation and Tfh1 cell differentiation were inhibited by both JAK and TYK2 inhibitors. However, phosphorylation of STAT5 by IL-2 and induction of Treg cell differentiation by IL-2+TGFβ were inhibited by JAK inhibitors but not by TYK2 inhibitors, suggesting that TYK2 does not mediate the IL-2 signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Tfh1 cells can induce T-bet+ B cell production and may contribute to SLE pathogenesis-associated processes. TYK2 inhibitor may fine-tune the immune imbalance by suppressing Tfh1 differentiation and maintaining Treg cell differentiation, thereby preserving IL-2 signalling, unlike other JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurie Satoh-Kanda
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakayamada
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kubo
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Molecular Targeted Therapies (DMTT), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamagata
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Aya Nawata
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunpei Kosaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Kanda
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shan Yu
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenyang Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuya Fujita
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koshiro Sonomoto
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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22
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Wu J, Guo J, Xia S, Chen J, Cao M, Xie L, Yang C, Qiu F, Wang J. A Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling of Triptolide-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Mice. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024:e2400120. [PMID: 38864263 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Triptolide (TP), an active component isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF), shows great promise for treating inflammation-related diseases. However, its potential nephrotoxic effects remain concerning. The mechanism underlying TP-induced nephrotoxicity is inadequately elucidated, particularly at single-cell resolution. Hence, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of kidney tissues from control and TP-treated mice is performed to generate a thorough description of the renal cell atlas upon TP treatment. Heterogeneous responses of nephron epithelial cells are observed after TP exposure, attributing differential susceptibility of cell subtypes to excessive reactive oxygen species and increased inflammatory responses. Moreover, TP disrupts vascular function by activating endothelial cell immunity and damaging fibroblasts. Severe immune cell damage and the activation of pro-inflammatory Macro_C1 cells are also observed with TP treatment. Additionally, ligand-receptor crosstalk analysis reveals that the SPP1 (osteopontin) signaling pathway targeting Macro_C1 cells is triggered by TP treatment, which may promote the infiltration of Macro_C1 cells to exacerbate renal toxicity. Overall, this study provides comprehensive information on the transcriptomic profiles and cellular composition of TP-associated nephrotoxicity at single-cell resolution, which can strengthen the understanding of the pathogenesis of TP-induced nephrotoxicity and provide valuable clues for the discovery of new therapeutic targets to ameliorate TP-associated nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangpeng Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Department of Urology, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Jinan Guo
- Department of Urology, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Siyu Xia
- Department of Urology, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Jiayun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Urology, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Lulin Xie
- Department of Urology, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Chuanbin Yang
- Department of Urology, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Department of Urology, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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23
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McLean AK, Reynolds G, Pratt AG. Leveraging Multi-Tissue, Single-Cell Atlases as Tools to Elucidate Shared Mechanisms of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1297. [PMID: 38927506 PMCID: PMC11201400 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The observation that certain therapeutic strategies for targeting inflammation benefit patients with distinct immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) is exemplified by the success of TNF blockade in conditions including rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, and skin psoriasis, albeit only for subsets of individuals with each condition. This suggests intersecting "nodes" in inflammatory networks at a molecular and cellular level may drive and/or maintain IMIDs, being "shared" between traditionally distinct diagnoses without mapping neatly to a single clinical phenotype. In line with this proposition, integrative tumour tissue analyses in oncology have highlighted novel cell states acting across diverse cancers, with important implications for precision medicine. Drawing upon advances in the oncology field, this narrative review will first summarise learnings from the Human Cell Atlas in health as a platform for interrogating IMID tissues. It will then review cross-disease studies to date that inform this endeavour before considering future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony K. McLean
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Gary Reynolds
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Arthur G. Pratt
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Musculoskeletal Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
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24
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Salvadé V, Manuel O, Golshayan D, Obregon C. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells can be detected in urine of kidney transplant recipients with pathogenic asymptomatic bacteriuria. FRONTIERS IN TRANSPLANTATION 2024; 3:1366104. [PMID: 38993772 PMCID: PMC11235355 DOI: 10.3389/frtra.2024.1366104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are an important clinical problem in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is frequent in these patients and often resolved by the immune system, but a significant proportion may progress to complicated UTI, which may compromise allograft function and survival. It is essential to determine the involvement of the immune system in the infectious process. Dendritic cells (DCs) are recognised as playing a pivotal role in initiating inflammatory responses capable of priming antigen-specific T cells, a crucial step in determining the fate of local inflammation. Little is known about their role in the control of UTI. In this brief communication, we report an incidental finding in a group of 16 stable KTR in which monocyte-derived dendritic cells (ModDCs), analysed by flow cytometry, were found in urine of patients with ASB and high bacterial counts >107 cfu/ml. Within this group, one patient developed pyelonephritis in the following days. These findings suggest that the immune system, in particular DCs, may be recruited during the course of a UTI and, to our knowledge, present for the first time evidence that inflammatory ModDCs can be detected in urine. Their frequency may reflect the degree of infection. This finding suggests the potential for exploring whether these cells may be useful in distinguishing between pathogenic ASB and those that can be resolved by the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Salvadé
- Transplantation Centre, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oriol Manuel
- Transplantation Centre, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dela Golshayan
- Transplantation Centre, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Obregon
- Transplantation Centre, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Woman-Mother-Child Department, Pediatric Service, Pediatric Nephrology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
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25
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Radziszewska A, Peckham H, de Gruijter NM, Restuadi R, Wu WH, Jury EC, Rosser EC, Ciurtin C. Active juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with distinct NK cell transcriptional and phenotypic alterations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13074. [PMID: 38844784 PMCID: PMC11156641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
While adaptive immune responses have been studied extensively in SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus), there is limited and contradictory evidence regarding the contribution of natural killer (NK) cells to disease pathogenesis. There is even less evidence about the role of NK cells in the more severe phenotype with juvenile-onset (J)SLE. In this study, analysis of the phenotype and function of NK cells in a large cohort of JSLE patients demonstrated that total NK cells, as well as perforin and granzyme A expressing NK cell populations, were significantly diminished in JSLE patients compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The reduction in NK cell frequency was associated with increased disease activity, and transcriptomic analysis of NK populations from active and low disease activity JSLE patients versus healthy controls confirmed that disease activity was the main driver of differential NK cell gene expression. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed an upregulation of interferon-α responses and a downregulation of exocytosis in active disease compared to healthy controls. Further gene set enrichment analysis also demonstrated an overrepresentation of the apoptosis pathway in active disease. This points to increased propensity for apoptosis as a potential factor contributing to NK cell deficiency in JSLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Radziszewska
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL UCLH and GOSH, London, UK.
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Hannah Peckham
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL UCLH and GOSH, London, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nina M de Gruijter
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL UCLH and GOSH, London, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Restuadi Restuadi
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL UCLH and GOSH, London, UK
| | - Wing Han Wu
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL UCLH and GOSH, London, UK
- NHS North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Jury
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Rosser
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL UCLH and GOSH, London, UK.
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL UCLH and GOSH, London, UK.
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
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26
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Chung JB, Brudno JN, Borie D, Kochenderfer JN. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for autoimmune disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01035-3. [PMID: 38831163 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Infusion of T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that target B cells has proven to be a successful treatment for B cell malignancies. This success inspired the development of CAR T cells to selectively deplete or modulate the aberrant immune responses that underlie autoimmune disease. Promising results are emerging from clinical trials of CAR T cells targeting the B cell protein CD19 in patients with B cell-driven autoimmune diseases. Further approaches are being designed to extend the application and improve safety of CAR T cell therapy in the setting of autoimmunity, including the use of chimeric autoantibody receptors to selectively deplete autoantigen-specific B cells and the use of regulatory T cells engineered to express antigen-specific CARs for targeted immune modulation. Here, we highlight important considerations, such as optimal target cell populations, CAR construct design, acceptable toxicities and potential for lasting immune reset, that will inform the eventual safe adoption of CAR T cell therapy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer N Brudno
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - James N Kochenderfer
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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27
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Aubert A, Jung K, Hiroyasu S, Pardo J, Granville DJ. Granzyme serine proteases in inflammation and rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:361-376. [PMID: 38689140 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-024-01109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Granzymes (granule-secreted enzymes) are a family of serine proteases that have been viewed as redundant cytotoxic enzymes since their discovery more than 30 years ago. Predominantly produced by cytotoxic lymphocytes and natural killer cells, granzymes are delivered into the cytoplasm of target cells through immunological synapses in cooperation with the pore-forming protein perforin. After internalization, granzymes can initiate cell death through the cleavage of intracellular substrates. However, evidence now also demonstrates the existence of non-cytotoxic, pro-inflammatory, intracellular and extracellular functions that are granzyme specific. Under pathological conditions, granzymes can be produced and secreted extracellularly by immune cells as well as by non-immune cells. Depending on the granzyme, accumulation in the extracellular milieu might contribute to inflammation, tissue injury, impaired wound healing, barrier dysfunction, osteoclastogenesis and/or autoantigen generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Aubert
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karen Jung
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sho Hiroyasu
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Julian Pardo
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA); Department of Microbiology, Radiology, Paediatrics and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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28
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Giorgiutti S, Rottura J, Korganow AS, Gies V. CXCR4: from B-cell development to B cell-mediated diseases. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302465. [PMID: 38519141 PMCID: PMC10961644 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. The C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), one of the most studied chemokine receptors, is widely expressed in hematopoietic and immune cell populations. It is involved in leukocyte trafficking in lymphoid organs and inflammatory sites through its interaction with its natural ligand CXCL12. CXCR4 assumes a pivotal role in B-cell development, ranging from early progenitors to the differentiation of antibody-secreting cells. This review emphasizes the significance of CXCR4 across the various stages of B-cell development, including central tolerance, and delves into the association between CXCR4 and B cell-mediated disorders, from immunodeficiencies such as WHIM (warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis) syndrome to autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. The potential of CXCR4 as a therapeutic target is discussed, especially through the identification of novel molecules capable of modulating specific pockets of the CXCR4 molecule. These insights provide a basis for innovative therapeutic approaches in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Giorgiutti
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (CNR RESO), Tertiary Center for Primary Immunodeficiency, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM UMR - S1109, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Rottura
- INSERM UMR - S1109, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Korganow
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (CNR RESO), Tertiary Center for Primary Immunodeficiency, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM UMR - S1109, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Gies
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (CNR RESO), Tertiary Center for Primary Immunodeficiency, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM UMR - S1109, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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29
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Knight JS, Erkan D. Rethinking antiphospholipid syndrome to guide future management and research. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:377-388. [PMID: 38702511 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-024-01110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) consists of thrombotic, non-thrombotic and obstetric clinical manifestations developing in individuals with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Although researchers have made progress in characterizing different clinical phenotypes of aPL-positive people, the current approach to clinical management is still mostly based on a 'one size fits all' strategy, which is derived from the results of a limited number of prospective, controlled studies. With the 2023 publication of the ACR-EULAR APS classification criteria, it is now possible to rethink APS, to lay the groundwork for subphenotyping through novel pathophysiology-informed approaches, and to set a future APS research agenda guided by unmet needs in clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Knight
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Doruk Erkan
- Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Diseases, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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30
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Wen Z, Wang L, Ma H, Li L, Wan L, Shi L, Li H, Chen H, Hao W, Song S, Xue Q, Wei Y, Li F, Xu J, Zhang S, Wong KW, Song Y. Integrated single-cell transcriptome and T cell receptor profiling reveals defects of T cell exhaustion in pulmonary tuberculosis. J Infect 2024; 88:106158. [PMID: 38642678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis-affected lungs with chronic inflammation harbor abundant immunosuppressive immune cells but the nature of such inflammation is unclear. Dysfunction in T cell exhaustion, while implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases, remains unexplored in tuberculosis. Given that immunotherapy targeting exhaustion checkpoints exacerbates tuberculosis, we speculate that T cell exhaustion is dysfunctional in tuberculosis. Using integrated single-cell RNA sequencing and T cell receptor profiling we reported defects in exhaustion responses within inflamed tuberculosis-affected lungs. Tuberculosis lungs demonstrated significantly reduced levels of exhausted CD8+ T cells and exhibited diminished expression of exhaustion-related transcripts among clonally expanded CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Additionally, clonal expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells bearing T cell receptors specific for CMV was observed. Expanded CD8+ T cells expressed the cytolytic marker GZMK. Hence, inflamed tuberculosis-affected lungs displayed dysfunction in T cell exhaustion. Our findings likely hold implications for understanding the reactivation of tuberculosis observed in patients undergoing immunotherapy targeting the exhaustion checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Wen
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Laiyi Wan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Hao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Song
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Xue
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yutong Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shulin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ka-Wing Wong
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanzheng Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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31
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Donado CA, Jonsson AH, Theisen E, Zhang F, Nathan A, Rupani KV, Jones D, Raychaudhuri S, Dwyer DF, Brenner MB. Granzyme K drives a newly-intentified pathway of complement activation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.22.595315. [PMID: 38826230 PMCID: PMC11142156 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.22.595315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Granzymes are a family of serine proteases mainly expressed by CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, and innate-like lymphocytes1,2. Although their major role is thought to be the induction of cell death in virally infected and tumor cells, accumulating evidence suggests some granzymes can regulate inflammation by acting on extracellular substrates2. Recently, we found that the majority of tissue CD8+ T cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium, inflammatory bowel disease and other inflamed organs express granzyme K (GZMK)3, a tryptase-like protease with poorly defined function. Here, we show that GZMK can activate the complement cascade by cleaving C2 and C4. The nascent C4b and C2a fragments form a C3 convertase that cleaves C3, allowing further assembly of a C5 convertase that cleaves C5. The resulting convertases trigger every major event in the complement cascade, generating the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, the opsonins C4b and C3b, and the membrane attack complex. In RA synovium, GZMK is enriched in areas with abundant complement activation, and fibroblasts are the major producers of complement C2, C3, and C4 that serve as targets for GZMK-mediated complement activation. Our findings describe a previously unidentified pathway of complement activation that is entirely driven by lymphocyte-derived GZMK and proceeds independently of the classical, lectin, or alternative pathways. Given the widespread abundance of GZMK-expressing T cells in tissues in chronic inflammatory diseases and infection, GZMK-mediated complement activation is likely to be an important contributor to tissue inflammation in multiple disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Donado
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Carlos A. Donado, A. Helena Jonsson
| | - A. Helena Jonsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Current affiliation: Division of Rheumatology and the Center for Health Artificial Intelligence, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Carlos A. Donado, A. Helena Jonsson
| | - Erin Theisen
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology and the Center for Health Artificial Intelligence, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Aparna Nathan
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Karishma Vijay Rupani
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dominique Jones
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel F. Dwyer
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael B. Brenner
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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32
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Gómez-Bañuelos E, Goldman DW, Andrade V, Darrah E, Petri M, Andrade F. Uncoupling interferons and the interferon signature explains clinical and transcriptional subsets in SLE. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101569. [PMID: 38744279 PMCID: PMC11148857 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) displays a hallmark interferon (IFN) signature. Yet, clinical trials targeting type I IFN (IFN-I) have shown variable efficacy, and blocking IFN-II failed to treat SLE. Here, we show that IFN type levels in SLE vary significantly across clinical and transcriptional endotypes. Whereas skin involvement correlated with IFN-I alone, systemic features like nephritis associated with co-elevation of IFN-I, IFN-II, and IFN-III, indicating additive IFN effects in severe SLE. Notably, while high IFN-II/-III levels without IFN-I had a limited effect on disease activity, IFN-II was linked to IFN-I-independent transcriptional profiles (e.g., OXPHOS and CD8+GZMH+ cells), and IFN-III enhanced IFN-induced gene expression when co-elevated with IFN-I. Moreover, dysregulated IFNs do not explain the IFN signature in 64% of patients or clinical manifestations including cytopenia, serositis, and anti-phospholipid syndrome, implying IFN-independent endotypes in SLE. This study sheds light on mechanisms underlying SLE heterogeneity and the variable response to IFN-targeted therapies in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel W Goldman
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Victoria Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Erika Darrah
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Michelle Petri
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Felipe Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224.
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33
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Li W, Yao C, Guo H, Ni X, Zhu R, Wang Y, Yu B, Feng X, Gu Z, Da Z. Macrophages communicate with mesangial cells through the CXCL12/DPP4 axis in lupus nephritis pathogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:344. [PMID: 38762508 PMCID: PMC11102518 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06708-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) occurs in 50% of cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is one of the most serious complications that can occur during lupus progression. Mesangial cells (MCs) are intrinsic cells in the kidney that can regulate capillary blood flow, phagocytose apoptotic cells, and secrete vasoactive substances and growth factors. Previous studies have shown that various types of inflammatory cells can activate MCs for hyperproliferation, leading to disruption of the filtration barrier and impairment of renal function in LN. Here, we characterized the heterogeneity of kidney cells of LN mice by single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and revealed the interaction between macrophages and MCs through the CXC motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12)/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) axis. In culture, macrophages modulated the proliferation and migration of MCs through this ligand-receptor interaction. In LN mice, treatment with linagliptin, a DPP4 inhibitor, effectively inhibited MC proliferation and reduced urinary protein levels. Together, our findings indicated that targeting the CXCL12/DPP4 axis with linagliptin treatment may serve as a novel strategy for the treatment of LN via the CXCL12/DPP4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haixia Guo
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi'an Ni
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuebing Feng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhanyun Da
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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Chang MH, Fuhlbrigge RC, Nigrovic PA. Joint-specific memory, resident memory T cells and the rolling window of opportunity in arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:258-271. [PMID: 38600215 PMCID: PMC11295581 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-024-01107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis and other forms of inflammatory arthritis, the immune system targets certain joints but not others. The pattern of joints affected varies by disease and by individual, with flares most commonly involving joints that were previously inflamed. This phenomenon, termed joint-specific memory, is difficult to explain by systemic immunity alone. Mechanisms of joint-specific memory include the involvement of synovial resident memory T cells that remain in the joint during remission and initiate localized disease recurrence. In addition, arthritis-induced durable changes in synovial fibroblasts and macrophages can amplify inflammation in a site-specific manner. Together with ongoing systemic processes that promote extension of arthritis to new joints, these local factors set the stage for a stepwise progression in disease severity, a paradigm for arthritis chronicity that we term the joint accumulation model. Although durable drug-free remission through early treatment remains elusive for most forms of arthritis, the joint accumulation paradigm defines new therapeutic targets, emphasizes the importance of sustained treatment to prevent disease extension to new joints, and identifies a rolling window of opportunity for altering the natural history of arthritis that extends well beyond the initiation phase of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret H Chang
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert C Fuhlbrigge
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Mishra B, Ivashkiv LB. Interferons and epigenetic mechanisms in training, priming and tolerance of monocytes and hematopoietic progenitors. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:257-275. [PMID: 38567833 PMCID: PMC11102283 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Training and priming of innate immune cells involve preconditioning by PAMPs, DAMPs, and/or cytokines that elicits stronger induction of inflammatory genes upon secondary challenge. Previous models distinguish training and priming based upon whether immune activation returns to baseline prior to secondary challenge. Tolerance is a protective mechanism whereby potent stimuli induce refractoriness to secondary challenge. Training and priming are important for innate memory responses that protect against infection, efficacy of vaccines, and maintaining innate immune cells in a state of readiness; tolerance prevents toxicity from excessive immune activation. Dysregulation of these processes can contribute to pathogenesis of autoimmune/inflammatory conditions, post-COVID-19 hyperinflammatory states, or sepsis-associated immunoparalysis. Training, priming, and tolerance regulate similar "signature" inflammatory genes such as TNF, IL6, and IL1B and utilize overlapping epigenetic mechanisms. We review how interferons (IFNs), best known for activating JAK-STAT signaling and interferon-stimulated genes, also play a key role in regulating training, priming, and tolerance via chromatin-mediated mechanisms. We present new data on how monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation modulates IFN-γ-mediated priming, affects regulation of AP-1 and CEBP activity, and attenuates superinduction of inflammatory genes. We present a "training-priming continuum" model that integrates IFN-mediated priming into current concepts about training and tolerance and proposes a central role for STAT1 and IRF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Mishra
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lionel B Ivashkiv
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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36
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Huo L, Montano E, Tumurkhuu G, Bose M, Berman DS, Wallace D, Wei J, Ishimori M, Merz CNB, Jefferies C. Alterations in genes associated with cytosolic RNA sensing in whole blood are associated with coronary microvascular disease in SLE. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4171759. [PMID: 38746373 PMCID: PMC11092805 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4171759/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients are 90% women and over three times more likely to die of cardiovascular disease than women in the general population. Chest pain with no obstructive cardiac disease is associated with coronary microvascular disease (CMD), where narrowing of the small blood vessels can lead to ischemia, and frequently reported by SLE patients. Using whole blood RNA samples, we asked whether gene signatures discriminate SLE patients with coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) on cardiac MRI (n=4) from those without (n=7) and whether any signaling pathway is linked to the underlying pathobiology of SLE CMD. RNA-seq analysis revealed 143 differentially expressed (DE) genes between the SLE and healthy control (HC) groups, with virus defense and interferon (IFN) signaling being the key pathways identified as enriched in SLE as expected. We next conducted a comparative analysis of genes differentially expressed in SLE-CMD and SLE-non-CMD relative to HC samples. Our analysis highlighted differences in IFN signaling, RNA sensing and ADP-ribosylation pathways between SLE-CMD and SLE-non-CMD. This is the first study to investigate possible gene signatures associating with CMD in SLE, and our data strongly suggests that distinct molecular mechanisms underly vascular changes in CMD and non-CMD involvement in SLE.
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37
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Wang CM, Jan Wu YJ, Zheng JW, Huang LY, Tan KP, Chen JY. T cell expressions of aberrant gene signatures and Co-inhibitory receptors (Co-IRs) as predictors of renal damage and lupus disease activity. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:41. [PMID: 38650001 PMCID: PMC11034032 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is distinguished by an extensive range of clinical heterogeneity with unpredictable disease flares and organ damage. This research investigates the potential of aberrant signatures on T cell genes, soluble Co-IRs/ligands, and Co-IRs expression on T cells as biomarkers for lupus disease parameters. METHODS Comparative transcriptome profiling analysis of non-renal and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) phenotypes of SLE was performed using CD4 + and CD8 + cDNA microarrays of sorted T cells. Comparing the expression of Co-IRs on T cells and serum soluble mediators among healthy and SLE phenotypes. RESULTS SLE patients with ESRD were downregulated CD38, PLEK, interferon-γ, CX3CR1, FGFBP2, and SLCO4C1 transcripts on CD4 + and CD8 + T cells simultaneously and NKG7, FCRL6, GZMB/H, FcγRIII, ITGAM, Fas ligand, TBX21, LYN, granulysin, CCL4L1, CMKLR1, HLA-DRβ, KIR2DL3, and KLRD1 in CD8 T cells. Pathway enrichment and PPI network analyses revealed that the overwhelming majority of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) have been affiliated with novel cytotoxic, antigen presentation, and chemokine-cell migration signature pathways. CD8 + GZMK + T cells that are varied in nature, including CD161 + Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and CD161- aged-associated T (Taa) cells and CD161-GZMK + GZMB + T cells might account for a higher level of GZMK in CD8 + T cells associated with ESRD. SLE patients have higher TIGIT + , PD1 + , and lower CD127 + cell percentages on CD4 + T cells, higher TIM3 + , TIGIT + , HLA-DR + cell frequency, and lower MFI expression of CD127, CD160 in CD8 T cells. Co-IRs expression in T cells was correlated with soluble PD-1, PDL-2, and TIM3 levels, as well as SLE disease activity, clinical phenotypes, and immune-therapy responses. CONCLUSION The signature of dysfunctional pathways defines a distinct immunity pattern in LN ESRD patients. Expression levels of Co-IRs in peripheral blood T cells and serum levels of soluble PD1/PDL-2/TIM3 can serve as biomarkers for evaluating clinical parameters and therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Man Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 5, Fu-Shin St. Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Republic of China
| | - Yeong-Jian Jan Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, No. 5, Fu-Shin St. Kwei-Shan, Republic of China
| | - Jian-Wen Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, No. 5, Fu-Shin St. Kwei-Shan, Republic of China
| | - Li Yu Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, No. 5, Fu-Shin St. Kwei-Shan, Republic of China
| | - Keng Poo Tan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, No. 5, Fu-Shin St. Kwei-Shan, Republic of China
| | - Ji-Yih Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, No. 5, Fu-Shin St. Kwei-Shan, Republic of China.
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Zeng H, Zhuang Y, Yan X, He X, Qiu Q, Liu W, Zhang Y. Machine learning-based identification of novel hub genes associated with oxidative stress in lupus nephritis: implications for diagnosis and therapeutic targets. Lupus Sci Med 2024; 11:e001126. [PMID: 38637124 PMCID: PMC11029281 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2023-001126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lupus nephritis (LN) is a complication of SLE characterised by immune dysfunction and oxidative stress (OS). Limited options exist for LN. We aimed to identify LN-related OS, highlighting the need for non-invasive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. METHODS LN-differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus datasets (GSE32591, GSE112943 and GSE104948) and Molecular Signatures Database for OS-associated DEGs (OSEGs). Functional enrichment analysis was performed for OSEGs related to LN. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified hub genes related to OS-LN. These hub OSEGs were refined as biomarker candidates via least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. The predictive value was validated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and nomogram for LN prognosis. We evaluated LN immune cell infiltration using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis and CIBERSORT. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis explored the functional enrichment of hub OSEGs in LN. RESULTS The study identified four hub genes, namely STAT1, PRODH, TXN2 and SETX, associated with OS related to LN. These genes were validated for their diagnostic potential, and their involvement in LN pathogenesis was elucidated through ROC and nomogram. Additionally, alterations in immune cell composition in LN correlated with hub OSEG expression were observed. Immunohistochemical analysis reveals that the hub gene is most correlated with activated B cells and CD8 T cells. Finally, we uncovered that the enriched pathways of OSEGs were mainly involved in the PI3K-Akt pathway and the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway. CONCLUSION These findings contribute to advancing our understanding of the complex interplay between OS, immune dysregulation and molecular pathways in LN, laying a foundation for the identification of potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiong Zeng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Immunology, Women & Children Health Institute Futian Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Zhuang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Department of Fu Xin Community Health Service Center, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qianwen Qiu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Immunology, Women & Children Health Institute Futian Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Immunology, Women & Children Health Institute Futian Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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Omer MH, Shafqat A, Ahmad O, Nadri J, AlKattan K, Yaqinuddin A. Urinary Biomarkers for Lupus Nephritis: A Systems Biology Approach. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2339. [PMID: 38673612 PMCID: PMC11051403 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototypical systemic autoimmune disorder. Kidney involvement, termed lupus nephritis (LN), is seen in 40-60% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). After the diagnosis, serial measurement of proteinuria is the most common method of monitoring treatment response and progression. However, present treatments for LN-corticosteroids and immunosuppressants-target inflammation, not proteinuria. Furthermore, subclinical renal inflammation can persist despite improving proteinuria. Serial kidney biopsies-the gold standard for disease monitoring-are also not feasible due to their inherent risk of complications. Biomarkers that reflect the underlying renal inflammatory process and better predict LN progression and treatment response are urgently needed. Urinary biomarkers are particularly relevant as they can be measured non-invasively and may better reflect the compartmentalized renal response in LN, unlike serum studies that are non-specific to the kidney. The past decade has overseen a boom in applying cutting-edge technologies to dissect the pathogenesis of diseases at the molecular and cellular levels. Using these technologies in LN is beginning to reveal novel disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets for LN, potentially improving patient outcomes if successfully translated to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. Omer
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UK;
| | - Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (J.N.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Omar Ahmad
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (J.N.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Juzer Nadri
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (J.N.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Khaled AlKattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (J.N.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Ahmed Yaqinuddin
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (J.N.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
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Pisetsky DS. Unique Interplay Between Antinuclear Antibodies and Nuclear Molecules in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2024. [PMID: 38622070 DOI: 10.1002/art.42863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease that primarily affects young women and causes a wide range of inflammatory manifestations. The hallmark of SLE is the production of antibodies to components of the cell nucleus (antinuclear antibodies [ANAs]). These antibodies can bind to DNA, RNA, and protein complexes with nucleic acids. Among ANAs, antibodies to DNA (anti-DNA) are markers for classification and disease activity, waxing and waning disease activity in many patients. In the blood, anti-DNA antibodies can bind to DNA to form immune complexes with two distinct roles in pathogenesis: (1) renal deposition to provoke nephritis and (2) stimulation of cytokine production following uptake into innate immune cells and interaction with internal nucleic acid sensors. These sensors are part of an internal host defense system in the cell cytoplasm that can respond to DNA from infecting organisms; during cell stress, DNA from nuclear and mitochondrial sources can also trigger these sensors. The formation of immune complexes requires a source of extracellular DNA in an immunologically accessible form. As shown in in vivo and in vitro systems, extracellular DNA can emerge from dead and dying cells in both a free and a particulate form. Neutrophils undergoing the process of NETosis can release DNA in mesh-like structures called neutrophil extracellular traps. In SLE, therefore, the combination of ANAs and immunologically active DNA can create new structures that can promote inflammation throughout the body as well as drive organ inflammation and damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Pisetsky
- Duke University Medical Center and Durham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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41
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Wei S, Shen H, Zhang Y, Liu C, Li S, Yao J, Jin Z, Yu H. Integrative analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptome data reveal the significant role of macrophages in lupus nephritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:84. [PMID: 38610007 PMCID: PMC11010324 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03311-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We attempted to identify abnormal immune cell components and signaling pathways in lupus nephritis (LN) and to identify potential therapeutic targets. METHODS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between LN and normal kidney tissues were identified from bulk transcriptome data, and functional annotation was performed. The phenotypic changes in macrophages and aberrant intercellular signaling communications within immune cells were imputed from LN scRNA-seq data using trajectory analysis and verified using immunofluorescence staining. Finally, lentivirus-mediated overexpression of LGALS9, the gene encoding Galectin 9, in THP-1 cells was used to study the functional effect of this gene on monocytic cells. RESULTS From bulk transcriptome data, a significant activation of interferon (IFN) signaling was observed, and its intensity showed a significantly positive correlation with the abundance of infiltrating macrophages in LN. Analysis of scRNA-seq data revealed 17 immune cell clusters, with macrophages showing the highest enrichment of intercellular signal communication in LN. Trajectory analysis revealed macrophages in LN undergo a phenotypic change from inflammatory patrolling macrophages to phagocytic and then to antigen-presenting macrophages, and secrete various pro-inflammatory factors and complement components. LGALS9 was found significantly upregulated in macrophages in LN, which was confirmed by the immunofluorescence assay. Gene functional study showed that LGALS9 overexpression in THP-1 cells significantly elicited pro-inflammatory activation, releasing multiple immune cell chemoattractants. CONCLUSION Our results present an important pathophysiological role for macrophages in LN, and our preliminary results demonstrate significant pro-inflammatory effects of LGALS9 gene in LN macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Wei
- Department of Ultrasound, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Haiyun Shen
- Department of Ultrasound, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chunrui Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shoushan Li
- Department of oncology, The Siyang Hospital of Chinese Traditional Medicine, 15 Jiefangbei Road, Zhongxing district, Siyang country, Suqian, 223798, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jing Yao
- Department of Ultrasound, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhibin Jin
- Department of Ultrasound, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Hongliang Yu
- Department of oncology, The Siyang Hospital of Chinese Traditional Medicine, 15 Jiefangbei Road, Zhongxing district, Siyang country, Suqian, 223798, Jiangsu, PR China.
- Department of radiation oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Nanjing, 210007, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Chen W, Jin B, Cheng C, Peng H, Zhang X, Tan W, Tang R, Lian X, Diao H, Luo N, Li X, Fan J, Shi J, Yin C, Wang J, Peng S, Yu L, Li J, Wu RQ, Kuang DM, Shi GP, Zhou Y, Wang F, Jiang X. Single-cell profiling reveals kidney CD163 + dendritic cell participation in human lupus nephritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2024; 83:608-623. [PMID: 38290829 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current work aimed to provide a comprehensive single-cell landscape of lupus nephritis (LN) kidneys, including immune and non-immune cells, identify disease-associated cell populations and unravel their participation within the kidney microenvironment. METHODS Single-cell RNA and T cell receptor sequencing were performed on renal biopsy tissues from 40 patients with LN and 6 healthy donors as controls. Matched peripheral blood samples from seven LN patients were also sequenced. Multiplex immunohistochemical analysis was performed on an independent cohort of 60 patients and validated using flow cytometric characterisation of human kidney tissues and in vitro assays. RESULTS We uncovered a notable enrichment of CD163+ dendritic cells (DC3s) in LN kidneys, which exhibited a positive correlation with the severity of LN. In contrast to their counterparts in blood, DC3s in LN kidney displayed activated and highly proinflammatory phenotype. DC3s showed strong interactions with CD4+ T cells, contributing to intrarenal T cell clonal expansion, activation of CD4+ effector T cell and polarisation towards Th1/Th17. Injured proximal tubular epithelial cells (iPTECs) may orchestrate DC3 activation, adhesion and recruitment within the LN kidneys. In cultures, blood DC3s treated with iPTECs acquired distinct capabilities to polarise Th1/Th17 cells. Remarkably, the enumeration of kidney DC3s might be a potential biomarker for induction treatment response in LN patients. CONCLUSION The intricate interplay involving DC3s, T cells and tubular epithelial cells within kidneys may substantially contribute to LN pathogenesis. The enumeration of renal DC3 holds potential as a valuable stratification feature for guiding LN patient treatment decisions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (SunYat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bei Jin
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huajing Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (SunYat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (SunYat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiping Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruihan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (SunYat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingji Lian
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (SunYat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Diao
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (SunYat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (SunYat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (SunYat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinjin Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (SunYat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changjun Yin
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Ji Wang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sui Peng
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Clinical Trials Unit, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Organ Transplant Center, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui-Qi Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, and Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong-Ming Kuang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, and Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (SunYat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyun Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Tsokos GC, Boulougoura A, Kasinath V, Endo Y, Abdi R, Li H. The immunoregulatory roles of non-haematopoietic cells in the kidney. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:206-217. [PMID: 37985868 PMCID: PMC11005998 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The deposition of immune complexes, activation of complement and infiltration of the kidney by cells of the adaptive and innate immune systems have long been considered responsible for the induction of kidney damage in autoimmune, alloimmune and other inflammatory kidney diseases. However, emerging findings have highlighted the contribution of resident immune cells and of immune molecules expressed by kidney-resident parenchymal cells to disease processes. Several types of kidney parenchymal cells seem to express a variety of immune molecules with a distinct topographic distribution, which may reflect the exposure of these cells to different pathogenic threats or microenvironments. A growing body of literature suggests that these cells can stimulate the infiltration of immune cells that provide protection against infections or contribute to inflammation - a process that is also regulated by draining kidney lymph nodes. Moreover, components of the immune system, such as autoantibodies, cytokines and immune cells, can influence the metabolic profile of kidney parenchymal cells in the kidney, highlighting the importance of crosstalk in pathogenic processes. The development of targeted nanomedicine approaches that modulate the immune response or control inflammation and damage directly within the kidney has the potential to eliminate the need for systemically acting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Vivek Kasinath
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yushiro Endo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Ambler WG, Kaplan MJ. Vascular damage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:251-265. [PMID: 38172627 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Vascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although comorbid cardiovascular risk factors are frequently present in patients with SLE, they do not explain the high burden of premature vascular disease. Profound innate and adaptive immune dysregulation seems to be the primary driver of accelerated vascular damage in SLE. In particular, evidence suggests that dysregulation of type 1 interferon (IFN-I) and aberrant neutrophils have key roles in the pathogenesis of vascular damage. IFN-I promotes endothelial dysfunction directly via effects on endothelial cells and indirectly via priming of immune cells that contribute to vascular damage. SLE neutrophils are vasculopathic in part because of their increased ability to form immunostimulatory neutrophil extracellular traps. Despite improvements in clinical care, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality among patients with SLE, and treatments that improve vascular outcomes are urgently needed. Improved understanding of the mechanisms of vascular injury in inflammatory conditions such as SLE could also have implications for common cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension, and may ultimately lead to personalized therapeutic approaches to the prevention and treatment of this potentially fatal complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Ambler
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Goto M, Takahashi H, Yoshida R, Itamiya T, Nakano M, Nagafuchi Y, Harada H, Shimizu T, Maeda M, Kubota A, Toda T, Hatano H, Sugimori Y, Kawahata K, Yamamoto K, Shoda H, Ishigaki K, Ota M, Okamura T, Fujio K. Age-associated CD4 + T cells with B cell-promoting functions are regulated by ZEB2 in autoimmunity. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadk1643. [PMID: 38330141 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adk1643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a significant risk factor for autoimmunity, and many autoimmune diseases tend to onset during adulthood. We conducted an extensive analysis of CD4+ T cell subsets from 354 patients with autoimmune disease and healthy controls via flow cytometry and bulk RNA sequencing. As a result, we identified a distinct CXCR3midCD4+ effector memory T cell subset that expands with age, which we designated "age-associated T helper (THA) cells." THA cells exhibited both a cytotoxic phenotype and B cell helper functions, and these features were regulated by the transcription factor ZEB2. Consistent with the highly skewed T cell receptor usage of THA cells, gene expression in THA cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus reflected disease activity and was affected by treatment with a calcineurin inhibitor. Moreover, analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data revealed that THA cells infiltrate damaged organs in patients with autoimmune diseases. Together, our characterization of THA cells may facilitate improved understanding of the relationship between aging and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaka Goto
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryochi Yoshida
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Itamiya
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Human Immunogenetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nagafuchi
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Harada
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Meiko Maeda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Kubota
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hatano
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Human Immunogenetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sugimori
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimito Kawahata
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shoda
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ishigaki
- Laboratory for Human Immunogenetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mineto Ota
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Okamura
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Kuga T, Chiba A, Murayama G, Hosomi K, Nakagawa T, Yahagi Y, Noto D, Kusaoi M, Kawano F, Yamaji K, Tamura N, Miyake S. Enhanced GATA4 expression in senescent systemic lupus erythematosus monocytes promotes high levels of IFNα production. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1320444. [PMID: 38605949 PMCID: PMC11007064 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1320444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhanced interferon α (IFNα) production has been implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We previously reported IFNα production by monocytes upon activation of the stimulator of IFN genes (STING) pathway was enhanced in patients with SLE. We investigated the mechanism of enhanced IFNα production in SLE monocytes. Monocytes enriched from the peripheral blood of SLE patients and healthy controls (HC) were stimulated with 2'3'-cyclic GAMP (2'3'-cGAMP), a ligand of STING. IFNα positive/negative cells were FACS-sorted for RNA-sequencing analysis. Gene expression in untreated and 2'3'-cGAMP-stimulated SLE and HC monocytes was quantified by real-time PCR. The effect of GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4) on IFNα production was investigated by overexpressing GATA4 in monocytic U937 cells by vector transfection. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed to identify GATA4 binding target genes in U937 cells stimulated with 2'3'-cGAMP. Differentially expressed gene analysis of cGAS-STING stimulated SLE and HC monocytes revealed the enrichment of gene sets related to cellular senescence in SLE. CDKN2A, a marker gene of cellular senescence, was upregulated in SLE monocytes at steady state, and its expression was further enhanced upon STING stimulation. GATA4 expression was upregulated in IFNα-positive SLE monocytes. Overexpression of GATA4 enhanced IFNα production in U937 cells. GATA4 bound to the enhancer region of IFIT family genes and promoted the expressions of IFIT1, IFIT2, and IFIT3, which promote type I IFN induction. SLE monocytes with accelerated cellular senescence produced high levels of IFNα related to GATA4 expression upon activation of the cGAS-STING pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiga Kuga
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Chiba
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Goh Murayama
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hosomi
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakagawa
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yahagi
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Noto
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makio Kusaoi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuminori Kawano
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Matsumoto University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ken Yamaji
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Tamura
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Miyake
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Liu T, Yang YL, Zhou Y, Jiang YM. Noninvasive biomarkers for lupus nephritis. Lab Med 2024:lmae015. [PMID: 38493322 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Notably, the clinical manifestations of LN are not always consistent with the histopathological findings. Therefore, the diagnosis and activity monitoring of this disease are challenging and largely depend on invasive renal biopsy. Renal biopsy has side effects and is associated with the risk of bleeding and infection. There is a growing interest in the development of novel noninvasive biomarkers for LN. In this review, we summarize most of the LN biomarkers discovered so far by correlating current knowledge with future perspectives. These biomarkers fundamentally reflect the biological processes of kidney damage and repair during disease. Furthermore, this review highlights the role of urinary cell phenotype detection in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of LN and summarizes the limitations and countermeasures of this test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun-Long Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong-Mei Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Gartshteyn Y, Geraldino-Pardilla L, Khalili L, Bukhari S, Lerrer S, Winchester RJ, Askanase AD, Mor A. SAP-expressing T peripheral helper cells identify systemic lupus erythematosus patients with lupus nephritis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1327437. [PMID: 38550577 PMCID: PMC10972949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1327437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction T follicular (TFH) and peripheral helper (TPH) cells have been increasingly recognized as a pathogenic subset of CD4 T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The SLAM Associated Protein (SAP) regulates TFH and TPH function by binding to the co-stimulatory signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family (SLAMF) receptors that mediate T cell - B cell interactions. SAP and SLAMF are critical for TPH-dependent B cell maturation into autoantibody-producing plasma cells that characterize SLE pathogenesis. We hypothesized that SAP-expressing TPH cells are involved in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN). Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated using density gradient separation from whole blood. Cells were stained for cell surface markers, followed by permeabilization and staining of intracellular SAP for spectral flow cytometry analysis. We also analyzed SAP expression from renal infiltrating LN T cells using the available single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA seq) Accelerated Medicines Partnership (AMP) SLE dataset. Results PBMC from 30 patients with SLE (34 ± 10 years old, 83% female), including 10 patients with LN, were analyzed. We found an increase in total SAP-positive CD4 and CD8 T cells in SLE compared with controls (55.5 ± 2.6 vs. 41.3 ± 3.4, p=0.007, and 52.5 ± 3.0 vs. 39.2 ± 2.8, p=0.007 respectively). In CD4 T cells, the highest SAP expression was in the TPH subset. The frequency of SAP+TPH in circulation correlated with disease activity; SLE patients with renal disease had higher levels of circulating SAP+TPH that remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, race, low complements, and elevated anti-dsDNA (p=0.014). scRNA-seq data of renal infiltrating T cells in LN identified SAP expression to localize to the TFH-like CD4 cluster and GZMK+ CD8 cluster. Increased SAP expression in LN was associated with the differential expression of SLAMF3 and SLAMF7 and granzyme K and EOMES. The existence of two predominant SAP-expressing subsets, the TFH-like CD4 T cells, and GZMK+ effector CD8 T cells, was verified using scRNA-seq data from a human transcriptomic atlas of fifteen major organs. Conclusion The expansion of SAP-expressing T helper cells was associated with LN in our cohort and verified using scRNA-seq data of renal infiltrating T cells. Improved SLAM and SAP signaling understanding can identify new therapeutic targets in LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniya Gartshteyn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Laura Geraldino-Pardilla
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leila Khalili
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shoiab Bukhari
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shalom Lerrer
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robert J. Winchester
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anca D. Askanase
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Adam Mor
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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Horisberger A, Griffith A, Keegan J, Arazi A, Pulford J, Murzin E, Howard K, Hancock B, Fava A, Sasaki T, Ghosh T, Inamo J, Beuschel R, Cao Y, Preisinger K, Gutierrez-Arcelus M, Eisenhaure TM, Guthridge J, Hoover PJ, Dall'Era M, Wofsy D, Kamen DL, Kalunian KC, Furie R, Belmont M, Izmirly P, Clancy R, Hildeman D, Woodle ES, Apruzzese W, McMahon MA, Grossman J, Barnas JL, Payan-Schober F, Ishimori M, Weisman M, Kretzler M, Berthier CC, Hodgin JB, Demeke DS, Putterman C, Brenner MB, Anolik JH, Raychaudhuri S, Hacohen N, James JA, Davidson A, Petri MA, Buyon JP, Diamond B, Zhang F, Lederer JA, Rao DA. Blood immunophenotyping identifies distinct kidney histopathology and outcomes in patients with lupus nephritis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.14.575609. [PMID: 38293222 PMCID: PMC10827101 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.14.575609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a frequent manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus, and fewer than half of patients achieve complete renal response with standard immunosuppressants. Identifying non-invasive, blood-based pathologic immune alterations associated with renal injury could aid therapeutic decisions. Here, we used mass cytometry immunophenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 145 patients with biopsy-proven LN and 40 healthy controls to evaluate the heterogeneity of immune activation in patients with LN and to identify correlates of renal parameters and treatment response. Unbiased analysis identified 3 immunologically distinct groups of patients with LN that were associated with different patterns of histopathology, renal cell infiltrates, urine proteomic profiles, and treatment response at one year. Patients with enriched circulating granzyme B+ T cells at baseline showed more severe disease and increased numbers of activated CD8 T cells in the kidney, yet they had the highest likelihood of treatment response. A second group characterized primarily by a high type I interferon signature had a lower likelihood of response to therapy, while a third group appeared immunologically inactive by immunophenotyping at enrollment but with chronic renal injuries. Main immune profiles could be distilled down to 5 simple cytometric parameters that recapitulate several of the associations, highlighting the potential for blood immune profiling to translate to clinically useful non-invasive metrics to assess immune-mediated disease in LN.
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50
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Seki N, Tsujimoto H, Tanemura S, Kojima S, Miyoshi F, Kikuchi J, Saito S, Akiyama M, Sugahara K, Yoshimoto K, Kaneko Y, Chiba K, Takeuchi T. Cytotoxic Tph subset with low B-cell helper functions and its involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. Commun Biol 2024; 7:277. [PMID: 38448723 PMCID: PMC10918188 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
T peripheral helper (Tph) cells are thought to contribute to extra-follicular B cell activation and play a pathogenic role in autoimmune diseases. However, the role of Tph subsets is not fully elucidated. Here, we investigate the immunological functions of Tph subsets and their involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We have defined four Tph subsets (Tph1: CXCR3+CCR6-, Tph2: CXCR3-CCR6-, Tph17: CXCR3-CCR6+, and Tph1-17: CXCR3+CCR6+) and performed RNA sequencing after cell sorting. Tph1 and Tph17 subsets express substantial levels of IL21, indicating B cell helper functions. However, Tph2 and Tph1-17 subsets express low IL21. Interestingly, we have found Tph2 subset express high levels of CX3CR1, GZMB, PRF1, GLNY, S1PR5, TBX21, EOMES, ZNF863, and RUNX3, indicating a feature of CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In SLE patients, the frequency of Tph1 and Tph2 subsets are significantly increased and positively correlated with SLE disease activity indexes. Tph1 cells expansion has been observed in patients with cutaneous and musculoskeletal manifestations. On the other hand, Tph2 cell expansion has been found in patients with lupus nephritis in addition to the above manifestations. Our findings imply that Tph1 and Tph2 subsets exert distinct immunological functions and are contributed to the complexity of clinical manifestations in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyasu Seki
- Research Unit Immunology & Inflammation, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideto Tsujimoto
- Research Unit Immunology & Inflammation, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tanemura
- Research Unit Immunology & Inflammation, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kojima
- Discovery Technology Laboratories, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Miyoshi
- Discovery Technology Laboratories, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Saito
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Akiyama
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Sugahara
- Research Unit Immunology & Inflammation, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Yoshimoto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kaneko
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Chiba
- Research Unit Immunology & Inflammation, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Takeuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
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