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Yang X, Huang YWA, Marshall J. Targeting TrkB-PSD-95 coupling to mitigate neurological disorders. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:715-724. [PMID: 38886937 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-02000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling plays a pivotal role in dendritic growth and dendritic spine formation to promote learning and memory. The activity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor at synapses binds to pre- or postsynaptic TrkB resulting in the strengthening of synapses, reflected by long-term potentiation. Postsynaptically, the association of postsynaptic density protein-95 with TrkB enhances phospholipase Cγ-Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling required for long-term potentiation. In this review, we discuss TrkB-postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling as a promising strategy to magnify brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling towards the development of novel therapeutics for specific neurological disorders. A reduction of TrkB signaling has been observed in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease, and enhancement of postsynaptic density protein-95 association with TrkB signaling could mitigate the observed deficiency of neuronal connectivity in schizophrenia and depression. Treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor is problematic, due to poor pharmacokinetics, low brain penetration, and side effects resulting from activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor or the truncated TrkB.T1 isoform. Although TrkB agonists and antibodies that activate TrkB are being intensively investigated, they cannot distinguish the multiple human TrkB splicing isoforms or cell type-specific functions. Targeting TrkB-postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling provides an alternative approach to specifically boost TrkB signaling at localized synaptic sites versus global stimulation that risks many adverse side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Alvin Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John Marshall
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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2
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Ma JC, Che XH, Zhu XN, Ren AX, Hu Y, Yang CL, Xu ZT, Li YT, Wu CF, Yang JY. Single-dose methamphetamine administration impairs ORM retrieval in mice via excessive DA-mediated inhibition of PrL Glu activity. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01321-9. [PMID: 38914676 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH), an abused psychostimulant, impairs cognition through prolonged or even single-dose exposure, but animal experiments have shown contradictory effects on memory deficits. In this study we investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of single-dose METH administration on the retrieval of object recognition memory (ORM) in mice. We showed that single-dose METH administration (2 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly impaired ORM retrieval in mice. Fiber photometry recording in METH-treated mice revealed that the activity of prelimbic cortex glutamatergic neurons (PrLGlu) was significantly reduced during ORM retrieval. Chemogenetic activation of PrLGlu or glutamatergic projections from ventral CA1 to PrL (vCA1Glu-PrL) rescued ORM retrieval impairment. Fiber photometry recording revealed that dopamine (DA) levels in PrL of METH-treated mice were significantly increased, and micro-infusion of the D2 receptor (D2R) antagonist sulpiride (0.25 μg/side) into PrL rescued ORM retrieval impairment. Whole-cell recordings in brain slices containing the PrL revealed that PrLGlu intrinsic excitability and basal glutamatergic synaptic transmission were significantly reduced in METH-treated mice, and the decrease in intrinsic excitability was reversed by micro-infusion of Sulpiride into PrL in METH-treated mice. Thus, the impaired ORM retrieval caused by single-dose METH administration may be attributed to reduced PrLGlu activity, possibly due to excessive DA activity on D2R. Selective activation of PrLGlu or vCA1Glu-PrL may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for METH-induced cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Chi Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Hang Che
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Na Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ao-Xin Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Cheng-Li Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhong-Tian Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yu-Ting Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chun-Fu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Jing-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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3
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Asim M, Wang H, Chen X. Shedding light on cholecystokinin's role in hippocampal neuroplasticity and memory formation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 159:105615. [PMID: 38437975 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampus is a crucial brain region involved in the process of forming and consolidating memories. Memories are consolidated in the brain through synaptic plasticity, and a key mechanism underlying this process is called long-term potentiation (LTP). Recent research has shown that cholecystokinin (CCK) plays a role in facilitating the formation of LTP, as well as learning and memory consolidation. However, the specific mechanisms by which CCK is involved in hippocampal neuroplasticity and memory formation are complicated or poorly understood. This literature review aims to explore the role of LTP in memory formation, particularly in relation to hippocampal memory, and to discuss the implications of CCK and its receptors in the formation of hippocampal memories. Additionally, we will examine the circuitry of CCK in the hippocampus and propose potential CCK-dependent mechanisms of synaptic plasticity that contribute to memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asim
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong.
| | - Huajie Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong
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4
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Kaufhold D, Maristany de Las Casas E, Ocaña-Fernández MDÁ, Cazala A, Yuan M, Kulik A, Cholvin T, Steup S, Sauer JF, Eyre MD, Elgueta C, Strüber M, Bartos M. Spine plasticity of dentate gyrus parvalbumin-positive interneurons is regulated by experience. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113806. [PMID: 38377001 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Experience-driven alterations in neuronal activity are followed by structural-functional modifications allowing cells to adapt to these activity changes. Structural plasticity has been observed for cortical principal cells. However, how GABAergic interneurons respond to experience-dependent network activity changes is not well understood. We show that parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PVIs) of the dentate gyrus (DG) possess dendritic spines, which undergo behaviorally induced structural dynamics. Glutamatergic inputs at PVI spines evoke signals with high spatial compartmentalization defined by neck length. Mice experiencing novel contexts form more PVI spines with elongated necks and exhibit enhanced network and PVI activity and cFOS expression. Enhanced green fluorescent protein reconstitution across synaptic partner-mediated synapse labeling shows that experience-driven PVI spine growth boosts targeting of PVI spines over shafts by glutamatergic synapses. Our findings propose a role for PVI spine dynamics in regulating PVI excitation by their inputs, which may allow PVIs to dynamically adjust their functional integration in the DG microcircuitry in relation to network computational demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorthe Kaufhold
- Institute of Physiology I, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Aurore Cazala
- Institute of Physiology I, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mei Yuan
- Institute of Physiology I, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Akos Kulik
- Institute of Physiology II, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thibault Cholvin
- Institute of Physiology I, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Steup
- Institute of Physiology I, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas-Frederic Sauer
- Institute of Physiology I, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mark D Eyre
- Institute of Physiology I, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudio Elgueta
- Institute of Physiology I, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Strüber
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marlene Bartos
- Institute of Physiology I, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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Liu Z, Huang H, Zhao L. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of exercise on cognitive impairment and neuroprotective mechanisms in diabetes mellitus animal models. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:295-311. [PMID: 37979091 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the effects of exercise on cognitive impairment behavioral performance and neuroprotective mechanisms in diabetes mellitus (DM) animal models. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, VIP Database (VIP), and China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) were systematically searched for studies investigating the impact of exercise on cognitive impairment in animal models of diabetes mellitus (DM) from the inception of these databases through July 2023. Rigorous quality assessments were conducted on the included literature. Primary outcome measures comprised fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and performance in the Morris water maze test, while secondary outcomes focused on mechanisms related to neuroprotection. Statistical analysis of outcome data was conducted using RevMan 5.3 and R software. A total of 17 studies were included, encompassing 399 animals. The results of the meta-analysis of primary outcome measures revealed that, compared to the control group, exercise effectively reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in diabetic animal models. In the Morris water maze experiment, exercise also significantly decreased the escape latency of diabetic animal models, increased the number of platform crossings, improved the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant, extended the time spent in the target quadrant, and enhanced swimming speed. Meta-analysis of secondary outcome measures indicated that exercise effectively reduced Aβ deposition, attenuated oxidative stress, enhanced synaptic function, suppressed cellular apoptosis and neuroinflammation, and promoted neurogenesis. Exercise represents a promising non-pharmacological therapy with a positive impact on diabetes-related cognitive function and neuroprotection. Moreover, this study provides a theoretical foundation for further preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Liuyang Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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6
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Matteucci G, Piasini E, Zoccolan D. Unsupervised learning of mid-level visual representations. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 84:102834. [PMID: 38154417 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a confluence between trends in neuroscience and machine learning has brought a renewed focus on unsupervised learning, where sensory processing systems learn to exploit the statistical structure of their inputs in the absence of explicit training targets or rewards. Sophisticated experimental approaches have enabled the investigation of the influence of sensory experience on neural self-organization and its synaptic bases. Meanwhile, novel algorithms for unsupervised and self-supervised learning have become increasingly popular both as inspiration for theories of the brain, particularly for the function of intermediate visual cortical areas, and as building blocks of real-world learning machines. Here we review some of these recent developments, placing them in historical context and highlighting some research lines that promise exciting breakthroughs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Matteucci
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1206, Switzerland. https://twitter.com/giulio_matt
| | - Eugenio Piasini
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, 34136, Italy
| | - Davide Zoccolan
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, 34136, Italy.
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Zhang W, Zhang L, Liang W, Wang H, Hu F. Neurodevelopment effects of early life bisphenol-A exposure on visual memory: Insights into recovery dynamics. Toxicology 2024; 502:153718. [PMID: 38160929 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a ubiquitous endocrine disruptor, is implicated in the cognitive deficits observed in both children and animals. Especially, BPA-induced spatial memory deterioration during the whole development phase of rodents has been well delineated. However, whether BPA exposure on the different development phases exerts similar effects on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) dependent visual memory is still elusive. Here, we chose two exposure windows, the whole gestation and lactation phases (E0∼P21) and the whole juvenile and adolescent phases (P22∼P60), for exposing rats to BPA. The visual memory of those rats was accessed by object recognition testing in the open field after BPA exposure and a constant recovery interval. The results revealed a substantial decline of visual memory under both exposure conditions, accompanied by an increase in anxiety-like behavior in BPA-exposed rats. Notably, after a 20-day recovery period, those behavioral changes induced by BPA exposure during P22∼60, not E0∼P21, were reversed compared to the control rats. According to morphological analysis of those rats after recovery, we found that the spine density of pyramidal neurons in the PFC were significant decreased in rats with BPA exposure during E0∼P21 and there was no difference between rats with or without BPA exposure during P22∼P60. Additionally, a similar change trend in excitatory receptors expression was observed under both exposure conditions. After an additional 20 days of recovery, the behavioral changes in rats with perinatal BPA exposure reverted to the normal status. Our present findings illuminate the dynamic effects of BPA on PFC-dependent functions across two crucial early developmental stages of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentai Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Linke Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Liang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Life Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China.
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8
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El Oussini H, Zhang CL, François U, Castelli C, Lampin-Saint-Amaux A, Lepleux M, Molle P, Velez L, Dejean C, Lanore F, Herry C, Choquet D, Humeau Y. CA3 hippocampal synaptic plasticity supports ripple physiology during memory consolidation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8312. [PMID: 38097535 PMCID: PMC10721822 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The consolidation of recent memories depends on memory replays, also called ripples, generated within the hippocampus during slow-wave sleep, and whose inactivation leads to memory impairment. For now, the mobilisation, localisation and importance of synaptic plasticity events associated to ripples are largely unknown. To tackle this question, we used cell surface AMPAR immobilisation to block post-synaptic LTP within the hippocampal region of male mice during a spatial memory task, and show that: 1- hippocampal synaptic plasticity is engaged during consolidation, but is dispensable during encoding or retrieval. 2- Plasticity blockade during sleep results in apparent forgetting of the encoded rule. 3- In vivo ripple recordings show a strong effect of AMPAR immobilisation when a rule has been recently encoded. 4- In situ investigation suggests that plasticity at CA3-CA3 recurrent synapses supports ripple generation. We thus propose that post-synaptic AMPAR mobility at CA3 recurrent synapses is necessary for ripple-dependent rule consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer El Oussini
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Chun-Lei Zhang
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Neurosciences Paris Seine (NPS), Team Synaptic Plasticity and Neural Networks, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Urielle François
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cecilia Castelli
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Marilyn Lepleux
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pablo Molle
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Legeolas Velez
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Dejean
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frederic Lanore
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Herry
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel Choquet
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yann Humeau
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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Jia C, Zhang R, Wei L, Xie J, Zhou S, Yin W, Hua X, Xiao N, Ma M, Jiao H. Investigation of the mechanism of tanshinone IIA to improve cognitive function via synaptic plasticity in epileptic rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:100-110. [PMID: 36548216 PMCID: PMC9788714 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2157843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Tanshinone IIA is an extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Labiatae) used to treat cardiovascular disorders. It shows potential anticonvulsant and cognition-protective properties. OBJECTIVE We investigated the mechanism of tanshinone IIA on antiepileptic and cognition-protective effects in the model of epileptic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lithium chloride (LiCl)-pilocarpine-induced epileptic Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following groups (n = 12): control (blank), model, sodium valproate (VPA, 189 mg/kg/d, positive control), tanshinone IIA low dose (TS IIA-L, 10 mg/kg/d), medium dose (TS IIA-M, 20 mg/kg/d) and high dose (TS IIA-H, 30 mg/kg/d). Then, epileptic behavioural observations, Morris water maze test, Timm staining, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence staining, western blotting and RT-qPCR were measured. RESULTS Compared with the model group, tanshinone IIA reduced the frequency and severity of seizures, improved cognitive impairment, and inhibited hippocampal mossy fibre sprouting score (TS IIA-M 1.50 ± 0.22, TS IIA-H 1.17 ± 0.31 vs. model 2.83 ± 0.31), as well as improved the ultrastructural disorder. Tanshinone IIA increased levels of synapse-associated proteins synaptophysin (SYN) and postsynaptic dense substance 95 (PSD-95) (SYN: TS IIA 28.82 ± 2.51, 33.18 ± 2.89, 37.29 ± 1.69 vs. model 20.23 ± 3.96; PSD-95: TS IIA 23.10 ± 0.91, 26.82 ± 1.41, 27.00 ± 0.80 vs. model 18.28 ± 1.01). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Tanshinone IIA shows antiepileptic and cognitive function-improving effects, primarily via regulating synaptic plasticity. This research generates a theoretical foundation for future research on potential clinical applications for tanshinone IIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liming Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiao Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Suqin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xi Hua
- College of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Nan Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Meile Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haisheng Jiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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10
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Yunusa S, Hassan Z, Müller CP. Mitragynine inhibits hippocampus neuroplasticity and its molecular mechanism. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1488-1501. [PMID: 37924443 PMCID: PMC10661785 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00541-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitragynine (MIT), the primary indole alkaloid of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), has been associated with addictive and cognitive decline potentials. In acute studies, MIT decreases spatial memory and inhibits hippocampal synaptic transmission in long-term potentiation (LTP). This study investigated the impacts of 14-day MIT treatment on hippocampus synaptic transmission and its possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS Under urethane anesthesia, field excitatory post-synaptic potentials (fEPSP) of the hippocampal CA1 region were recorded in the Sprague Dawley (SD) rats that received MIT (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg), morphine (MOR) 5 mg/kg, or vehicle (ip). The effects of the treatments on basal synaptic transmission, paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), and LTP were assessed in the CA1 region. Analysis of the brain's protein expression linked to neuroplasticity was then performed using a western blot. RESULTS The baseline synaptic transmission's amplitude was drastically decreased by MIT at 5 and 10 mg/kg doses, although the PPF ratio before TBS remained unchanged, the PPF ratio after TBS was significantly reduced by MIT (10 mg/kg). Strong and persistent inhibition of LTP was generated in the CA1 region by MIT (5 and 10 mg/kg) doses; this effect was not seen in MIT (1 mg/kg) treated rats. In contrast to MIT (1 mg/kg), MIT (5 and 10 mg/kg) significantly raised the extracellular glutamate levels. After exposure to MIT, GluR-1 receptor expression remained unaltered. However, NMDAε2 receptor expression was markedly downregulated. The expression of pCaMKII, pERK, pCREB, BDNF, synaptophysin, PSD-95, Delta fosB, and CDK-5 was significantly downregulated in response to MIT (5 and 10 mg/kg) exposure, while MOR (5 mg/kg) significantly raised synaptophysin and Delta fosB expression. CONCLUSION Findings from this work reveal that a smaller dose of MIT (1 mg/kg) poses no risk to hippocampal synaptic transmission. Alteration in neuroplasticity-associated proteins may be a molecular mechanism for MIT (5 and 10 mg/kg)-induced LTP disruption and cognitive impairments. Data from this work posit that MIT acted differently from MOR on neuroplasticity and its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman Yunusa
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, Bauchi State University Gadau, PMB 65 Itas/Gadau, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Christian P Müller
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Psychiatric and Psychotherapeutic University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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11
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Navarro P, Oweiss K. Compressive sensing of functional connectivity maps from patterned optogenetic stimulation of neuronal ensembles. PATTERNS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 4:100845. [PMID: 37876895 PMCID: PMC10591201 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2023.100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Mapping functional connectivity between neurons is an essential step toward probing the neural computations mediating behavior. Accurately determining synaptic connectivity maps in populations of neurons is challenging in terms of yield, accuracy, and experimental time. Here, we developed a compressive sensing approach to reconstruct synaptic connectivity maps based on random two-photon cell-targeted optogenetic stimulation and membrane voltage readout of many putative postsynaptic neurons. Using a biophysical network model of interconnected populations of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, we characterized mapping recall and precision as a function of network observability, sparsity, number of neurons stimulated, off-target stimulation, synaptic reliability, propagation latency, and network topology. We found that mapping can be achieved with far fewer measurements than the standard pairwise sequential approach, with network sparsity and synaptic reliability serving as primary determinants of the performance. Our results suggest a rapid and efficient method to reconstruct functional connectivity of sparsely connected neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Navarro
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Karim Oweiss
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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12
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Zhao K, Wang P, Tang X, Chang N, Shi H, Guo L, Wang B, Yang P, Zhu T, Zhao X. The mechanisms of minocycline in alleviating ischemic stroke damage and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 955:175903. [PMID: 37422120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a group of diseases resulting from cerebral vascular rupture or obstruction and subsequent brain blood circulation disorder, leading to rapid neurological deficits. Ischemic stroke accounts for the majority of all stroke cases. The current treatments for ischemic stroke mainly include t-PA thrombolytic therapy and surgical thrombectomy. However, these interventions aimed at recanalizing cerebral vessels can paradoxically lead to ischemia-reperfusion injury, which exacerbates the severity of brain damage. Minocycline, a semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic, has been shown to possess a wide range of neuroprotective effects independent of its antibacterial activity. Here we summarize the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of minocycline against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury based on the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, including its modulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, excitotoxicity, programmed cell death and blood-brain barrier injury, and also introduce the role of minocycline in alleviating stroke-related complications, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of minocycline in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemeng Zhao
- Basic Medical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; College of First Clinical, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Weihui, 453100, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoguang Tang
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Na Chang
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Haonan Shi
- Sanquan Medical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Longfei Guo
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Bingyi Wang
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Tiantian Zhu
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Xinghua Zhao
- Basic Medical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
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13
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Branchi I. A mathematical formula of plasticity: Measuring susceptibility to change in mental health and data science. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105272. [PMID: 37277011 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasticity is increasingly recognized as a critical concept in psychiatry and mental health because it allows the reorganization of neural circuits and behavior during the transition from psychopathology to wellbeing. Differences in individual plasticity may explain why therapies, such as psychotherapeutic and environmental interventions, are highly effective in some but not in all patients. Here I propose a mathematical formula to assess plasticity - i.e., the susceptibility to change - to identify, at baseline, which individuals or populations are more likely to modify their behavioral outcome according to therapies or contextual factors. The formula is grounded in the network theory of plasticity so that, when representing a system (e.g., a patient's psychopathology) as a weighed network where the nodes are the system features (e.g., symptoms) and the edges are the connections (i.e., correlations) among them, the network connectivity strength is an inverse measure of the plasticity of the system: the weaker the connectivity, the higher the plasticity and the greater the susceptibility to change. The formula is predicted to be generalizable, measuring plasticity at multiple scales, from the single cell to the whole brain, and can be applied to a wide range of research fields, including neuroscience, psychiatry, ecology, sociology, physics, market and finance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Branchi
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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14
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Zhi HW, Jia YZ, Bo HQ, Li HT, Zhang SS, Wang YH, Yang J, Hu MZ, Wu HY, Cui WQ, Xu XD. Curcumin alleviates orofacial allodynia and improves cognitive impairment via regulating hippocampal synaptic plasticity in a mouse model of trigeminal neuralgia. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:8458-8470. [PMID: 37632838 PMCID: PMC10496987 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive impairment, one of the most prevalent complications of trigeminal neuralgia, is troubling for patients and clinicians due to limited therapeutic options. Curcumin shows antinociception and neuroprotection pharmacologically, suggesting that it may have therapeutic effect on this complication. This study aimed to investigate whether curcumin alleviates orofacial allodynia and improves cognitive impairment by regulating hippocampal CA1 region synaptic plasticity in trigeminal neuralgia. METHODS A mouse model of trigeminal neuralgia was established by partially transecting the infraorbital nerve (pT-ION). Curcumin was administered by gavage twice daily for 14 days. Nociceptive thresholds were measured using the von Frey and acetone test, and the cognitive functions were evaluated using the Morris water maze test. Dendritic spines and synaptic ultrastructures in the hippocampal CA1 area were observed by Golgi staining and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Curcumin intervention increased the mechanical and cold pain thresholds of models. It decreased the escape latency and distance to the platform and increased the number of platform crossings and dwell time in the target quadrant of models, and improved spatial learning and memory deficits. Furthermore, it partially restored the disorder of the density and proportion of dendritic spines and the abnormal density and structure of synapses in the hippocampal CA1 region of models. CONCLUSION Curcumin alleviates abnormal orofacial pain and cognitive impairment in pT-ION mice by a mechanism that may be related to the synaptic plasticity of hippocampal CA1, suggesting that curcumin is a potential strategy for repairing cognitive dysfunction under long-term neuropathic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Zhi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yu-Zhi Jia
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Huai-Qian Bo
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Hai-Tao Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Si-Shuo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ya-Han Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ming-Zhe Hu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Hong-Yun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wen-Qiang Cui
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiang-Dong Xu
- Experimental Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
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15
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Yang Y, Wang X, Chen L, Wang S, Han J, Wang Z, Wen M. A Compared Study of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid in Improving Seizure-Induced Cognitive Deficiency in a Pentylenetetrazol-Kindling Young Mice Model. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:464. [PMID: 37755077 PMCID: PMC10533149 DOI: 10.3390/md21090464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that is more prevalent in children, and recurrent unprovoked seizures can lead to cognitive impairment. Numerous studies have reported the benefits of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on neurodevelopment and cognitive ability, while comparatively less attention has been given to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Additionally, little is known about the effects and mechanisms of DHA and EPA in relation to seizure-induced cognitive impairment in the young rodent model. Current research indicates that ferroptosis is involved in epilepsy and cognitive deficiency in children. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether EPA or DHA can mitigate seizure-induced cognitive deficits by inhibiting ferroptosis. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the effects of DHA and EPA on seizure-induced cognitive deficiency and reveal the underlying mechanisms focused on ferroptosis in a pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-kindling young mice model. Mice were fed a diet containing DHA-enriched ethyl esters or EPA-enriched ethyl esters for 21 days at the age of 3 weeks and treated with PTZ (35 mg/kg, i.p.) every other day 10 times. The findings indicated that both EPA and DHA exhibited ameliorative effects on seizure-induced cognitive impairment, with EPA demonstrating a superior efficacy. Further mechanism study revealed that supplementation of DHA and EPA significantly increased cerebral DHA and EPA levels, balanced neurotransmitters, and inhibited ferroptosis by modulating iron homeostasis and reducing lipid peroxide accumulation in the hippocampus through activating the Nrf2/Sirt3 signal pathway. Notably, EPA exhibited better an advantage in ameliorating iron dyshomeostasis compared to DHA, owing to its stronger upregulation of Sirt3. These results indicate that DHA and EPA can efficaciously alleviate seizure-induced cognitive deficiency by inhibiting ferroptosis in PTZ-kindled young mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Yang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (L.C.); (J.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (L.C.); (J.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Lu Chen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (L.C.); (J.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Shiben Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China;
| | - Jun Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (L.C.); (J.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhengping Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (L.C.); (J.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Min Wen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (L.C.); (J.H.); (Z.W.)
- Pet Nutrition Research and Development Center, Gambol Pet Group Co., Ltd., Liaocheng 252000, China
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16
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Zhang X, Asim M, Fang W, Md Monir H, Wang H, Kim K, Feng H, Wang S, Gao Q, Lai Y, He J. Cholecystokinin B receptor antagonists for the treatment of depression via blocking long-term potentiation in the basolateral amygdala. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3459-3474. [PMID: 37365241 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a common and severe mental disorder. Evidence suggested a substantial causal relationship between stressful life events and the onset of episodes of major depression. However, the stress-induced pathogenesis of depression and the related neural circuitry is poorly understood. Here, we investigated how cholecystokinin (CCK) and CCKBR in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) are implicated in stress-mediated depressive-like behavior. The BLA mediates emotional memories, and long-term potentiation (LTP) is widely considered a trace of memory. We identified that the cholecystokinin knockout (CCK-KO) mice impaired LTP in the BLA, while the application of CCK4 induced LTP after low-frequency stimulation (LFS). The entorhinal cortex (EC) CCK neurons project to the BLA and optogenetic activation of EC CCK afferents to BLA-promoted stress susceptibility through the release of CCK. We demonstrated that EC CCK neurons innervate CCKBR cells in the BLA and CCK-B receptor knockout (CCKBR-KO) mice impaired LTP in the BLA. Moreover, the CCKBR antagonists also blocked high-frequency stimulation (HFS) induced LTP formation in the BLA. Notably, CCKBR antagonists infusion into the BLA displayed an antidepressant-like effect in the chronic social defeat stress model. Together, these results indicate that CCKBR could be a potential target to treat depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Muhammad Asim
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Hossain Md Monir
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Huajie Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Kyuhee Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Hemin Feng
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shujie Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Qianqian Gao
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Yuanying Lai
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Jufang He
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen research institute, Shenzhen, 518507, PR China.
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17
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Moldwin T, Kalmenson M, Segev I. Asymmetric Voltage Attenuation in Dendrites Can Enable Hierarchical Heterosynaptic Plasticity. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0014-23.2023. [PMID: 37414554 PMCID: PMC10354808 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0014-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term synaptic plasticity is mediated via cytosolic calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]). Using a synaptic model that implements calcium-based long-term plasticity via two sources of Ca2+ - NMDA receptors and voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) - we show in dendritic cable simulations that the interplay between these two calcium sources can result in a diverse array of heterosynaptic effects. When spatially clustered synaptic input produces a local NMDA spike, the resulting dendritic depolarization can activate VGCCs at nonactivated spines, resulting in heterosynaptic plasticity. NMDA spike activation at a given dendritic location will tend to depolarize dendritic regions that are located distally to the input site more than dendritic sites that are proximal to it. This asymmetry can produce a hierarchical effect in branching dendrites, where an NMDA spike at a proximal branch can induce heterosynaptic plasticity primarily at branches that are distal to it. We also explored how simultaneously activated synaptic clusters located at different dendritic locations synergistically affect the plasticity at the active synapses, as well as the heterosynaptic plasticity of an inactive synapse "sandwiched" between them. We conclude that the inherent electrical asymmetry of dendritic trees enables sophisticated schemes for spatially targeted supervision of heterosynaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Menachem Kalmenson
- Department of Neurobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Idan Segev
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences
- Department of Neurobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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18
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Kim CM, Finkelstein A, Chow CC, Svoboda K, Darshan R. Distributing task-related neural activity across a cortical network through task-independent connections. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2851. [PMID: 37202424 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38529-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Task-related neural activity is widespread across populations of neurons during goal-directed behaviors. However, little is known about the synaptic reorganization and circuit mechanisms that lead to broad activity changes. Here we trained a subset of neurons in a spiking network with strong synaptic interactions to reproduce the activity of neurons in the motor cortex during a decision-making task. Task-related activity, resembling the neural data, emerged across the network, even in the untrained neurons. Analysis of trained networks showed that strong untrained synapses, which were independent of the task and determined the dynamical state of the network, mediated the spread of task-related activity. Optogenetic perturbations suggest that the motor cortex is strongly-coupled, supporting the applicability of the mechanism to cortical networks. Our results reveal a cortical mechanism that facilitates distributed representations of task-variables by spreading the activity from a subset of plastic neurons to the entire network through task-independent strong synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Kim
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA.
| | - Arseny Finkelstein
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Carson C Chow
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karel Svoboda
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
- Allen Institute for Neural Dynamics, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ran Darshan
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA.
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19
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Huffels CFM, Middeldorp J, Hol EM. Aß Pathology and Neuron-Glia Interactions: A Synaptocentric View. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1026-1046. [PMID: 35976488 PMCID: PMC10030451 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes the majority of dementia cases worldwide. Early pathological hallmarks include the accumulation of amyloid-ß (Aß) and activation of both astrocytes and microglia. Neurons form the building blocks of the central nervous system, and astrocytes and microglia provide essential input for its healthy functioning. Their function integrates at the level of the synapse, which is therefore sometimes referred to as the "quad-partite synapse". Increasing evidence puts AD forward as a disease of the synapse, where pre- and postsynaptic processes, as well as astrocyte and microglia functioning progressively deteriorate. Here, we aim to review the current knowledge on how Aß accumulation functionally affects the individual components of the quad-partite synapse. We highlight a selection of processes that are essential to the healthy functioning of the neuronal synapse, including presynaptic neurotransmitter release and postsynaptic receptor functioning. We further discuss how Aß affects the astrocyte's capacity to recycle neurotransmitters, release gliotransmitters, and maintain ion homeostasis. We additionally review literature on how Aß changes the immunoprotective function of microglia during AD progression and conclude by summarizing our main findings and highlighting the challenges in current studies, as well as the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan F M Huffels
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jinte Middeldorp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurobiology & Aging, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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20
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Li L, Wang Q, Sun X, Li Z, Liu S, Zhang X, Zhou J, Zhang R, Liu K, Wang P, Niu J, Wen Y, Zhang L. Activation of RhoA pathway participated in the changes of emotion, cognitive function and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in juvenile chronic stress rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123652. [PMID: 36780962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric diseases are related to early life stress (ELS), patients often have abnormal learning, memory and emotion. But the regulatory mechanism is unclear. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity (HSP) changes are important mechanism. RhoA pathway is known to regulate HSP by modulating of dendritic spines (DS), whether it's involved in HSP changes in ELS hasn't been reported. So we investigated whether and how RhoA participates in HSP regulation in ELS. The ELS model was established by separation-rearing in juvenile. Results of IntelliCage detection etc. showed simple learning and memory wasn't affected, but spatial, punitive learning and memories reduced, the desire to explore novel things reduced, the anxiety-like emotion increased. We further found hippocampus was activated, the hippocampal neurons dendritic complexities reduced, the proportion of mature DS decreased. The full-length transcriptome sequencing techniques was used to screen for differentially expressed genes involved in regulating HSP changes, we found RhoA gene was up-regulated. We detected RhoA protein, RhoA phosphorylation and downstream molecules expression changes, results shown RhoA and p-RhoA, p-ROCK2 expression increased, p-LIMK, p-cofilin expression and F-actin/G-actin ratio decreased. Our study revealed HSP changes in ELS maybe regulate by activation RhoA through ROCK2/LIMK/cofilin pathway regulated F-actin/G-actin balance and DS plasticity, affecting emotion and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvmei Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; Department of human anatomy and histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Science - Technology Centers, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Xiangping Sun
- Department of Surgery, Ningxia Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 114 West Beijing Road, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - ZeLong Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Shuwei Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; Department of human anatomy and histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jinyu Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Kunmei Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jianguo Niu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; Department of human anatomy and histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| | - Yujun Wen
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; Department of human anatomy and histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| | - Lianxiang Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; Department of human anatomy and histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
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21
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Perez-Gianmarco L, Kurt B, Kukley M. Technical approaches and challenges to study AMPA receptors in oligodendrocyte lineage cells: Past, present, and future. Glia 2023; 71:819-847. [PMID: 36453615 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Receptors for α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPARs) are ligand-gated ionotropic receptors for glutamate that is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. AMPARs are located at postsynaptic sites of neuronal synapses where they mediate fast synaptic signaling and synaptic plasticity. Remarkably, AMPARs are also expressed by glial cells. Their expression by the oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage cells is of special interest because AMPARs mediate fast synaptic communication between neurons and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), modulate proliferation and differentiation of OPCs, and may also be involved in regulation of myelination. On the other hand, during pathological conditions, AMPARs may mediate damage of the OL lineage cells. In the present review, we focus on the technical approaches that have been used to study AMPARs in the OL lineage cells, and discuss future perspectives of AMPAR research in these glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucila Perez-Gianmarco
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Glial Physiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Begüm Kurt
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Glial Physiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Maria Kukley
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Glial Physiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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22
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Galinsky VL, Frank LR. Critically synchronized brain waves form an effective, robust and flexible basis for human memory and learning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4343. [PMID: 36928606 PMCID: PMC10020450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness, robustness, and flexibility of memory and learning constitute the very essence of human natural intelligence, cognition, and consciousness. However, currently accepted views on these subjects have, to date, been put forth without any basis on a true physical theory of how the brain communicates internally via its electrical signals. This lack of a solid theoretical framework has implications not only for our understanding of how the brain works, but also for wide range of computational models developed from the standard orthodox view of brain neuronal organization and brain network derived functioning based on the Hodgkin-Huxley ad-hoc circuit analogies that have produced a multitude of Artificial, Recurrent, Convolution, Spiking, etc., Neural Networks (ARCSe NNs) that have in turn led to the standard algorithms that form the basis of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods. Our hypothesis, based upon our recently developed physical model of weakly evanescent brain wave propagation (WETCOW) is that, contrary to the current orthodox model that brain neurons just integrate and fire under accompaniment of slow leaking, they can instead perform much more sophisticated tasks of efficient coherent synchronization/desynchronization guided by the collective influence of propagating nonlinear near critical brain waves, the waves that currently assumed to be nothing but inconsequential subthreshold noise. In this paper we highlight the learning and memory capabilities of our WETCOW framework and then apply it to the specific application of AI/ML and Neural Networks. We demonstrate that the learning inspired by these critically synchronized brain waves is shallow, yet its timing and accuracy outperforms deep ARCSe counterparts on standard test datasets. These results have implications for both our understanding of brain function and for the wide range of AI/ML applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly L Galinsky
- Center for Scientific Computation in Imaging, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037-0854, USA.
| | - Lawrence R Frank
- Center for Scientific Computation in Imaging, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037-0854, USA
- Center for Functional MRI, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037-0677, USA
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23
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Recent Insights into the Functional Role of AMPA Receptors in the Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044138. [PMID: 36835546 PMCID: PMC9967469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the experimental findings of several recent studies which investigated the functional role of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) in oligodendrocyte lineage cells in vivo, in mice and in zebrafish. These studies provided valuable information showing that oligodendroglial AMPARs may be involved in the modulation of proliferation, differentiation, and migration of oligodendroglial progenitors, as well as survival of myelinating oligodendrocytes during physiological conditions in vivo. They also suggested that targeting the subunit composition of AMPARs may be an important strategy for treating diseases. However, at the same time, the experimental findings taken together still do not provide a clear picture on the topic. Hence, new ideas and new experimental designs are required for understanding the functional role of AMPARs in the oligodendrocyte lineage cells in vivo. It is also necessary to consider more closely the temporal and spatial aspects of AMPAR-mediated signalling in the oligodendrocyte lineage cells. These two important aspects are routinely discussed by neuronal physiologists studying glutamatergic synaptic transmission, but are rarely debated and thought about by researchers studying glial cells.
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24
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Wildenberg G, Li H, Kasthuri N. The Development of Synapses in Mouse and Macaque Primary Sensory Cortices. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.15.528564. [PMID: 36824798 PMCID: PMC9949058 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.528564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
We report that the rate of synapse development in primary sensory cortices of mice and macaques is unrelated to lifespan, as was previously thought. We analyzed 28,084 synapses over multiple developmental time points in both species and find, instead, that net excitatory synapse development of mouse and macaque neurons primarily increased at similar rates in the first few postnatal months, and then decreased over a span of 1-1.5 years of age. The development of inhibitory synapses differed qualitatively across species. In macaques, net inhibitory synapses first increase and then decrease on excitatory soma at similar ages as excitatory synapses. In mice, however, such synapses are added throughout life. These findings contradict the long-held belief that the cycle of synapse formation and pruning occurs earlier in shorter-lived animals. Instead, our results suggest more nuanced rules, with the development of different types of synapses following different timing rules or different trajectories across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg Wildenberg
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago
- Argonne National Laboratory, Biosciences Division
| | - Hanyu Li
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago
- Argonne National Laboratory, Biosciences Division
| | - Narayanan Kasthuri
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago
- Argonne National Laboratory, Biosciences Division
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25
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Rivi V, Benatti C, Rigillo G, Blom JMC. Invertebrates as models of learning and memory: investigating neural and molecular mechanisms. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb244844. [PMID: 36719249 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this Commentary, we shed light on the use of invertebrates as model organisms for understanding the causal and conserved mechanisms of learning and memory. We provide a condensed chronicle of the contribution offered by mollusks to the studies on how and where the nervous system encodes and stores memory and describe the rich cognitive capabilities of some insect species, including attention and concept learning. We also discuss the use of planarians for investigating the dynamics of memory during brain regeneration and highlight the role of stressful stimuli in forming memories. Furthermore, we focus on the increasing evidence that invertebrates display some forms of emotions, which provides new opportunities for unveiling the neural and molecular mechanisms underlying the complex interaction between stress, emotions and cognition. In doing so, we highlight experimental challenges and suggest future directions that we expect the field to take in the coming years, particularly regarding what we, as humans, need to know for preventing and/or delaying memory loss. This article has an associated ECR Spotlight interview with Veronica Rivi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Rivi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Cristina Benatti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rigillo
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Joan M C Blom
- Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
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26
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KASAI H. Unraveling the mysteries of dendritic spine dynamics: Five key principles shaping memory and cognition. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2023; 99:254-305. [PMID: 37821392 PMCID: PMC10749395 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.99.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent research extends our understanding of brain processes beyond just action potentials and chemical transmissions within neural circuits, emphasizing the mechanical forces generated by excitatory synapses on dendritic spines to modulate presynaptic function. From in vivo and in vitro studies, we outline five central principles of synaptic mechanics in brain function: P1: Stability - Underpinning the integral relationship between the structure and function of the spine synapses. P2: Extrinsic dynamics - Highlighting synapse-selective structural plasticity which plays a crucial role in Hebbian associative learning, distinct from pathway-selective long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD). P3: Neuromodulation - Analyzing the role of G-protein-coupled receptors, particularly dopamine receptors, in time-sensitive modulation of associative learning frameworks such as Pavlovian classical conditioning and Thorndike's reinforcement learning (RL). P4: Instability - Addressing the intrinsic dynamics crucial to memory management during continual learning, spotlighting their role in "spine dysgenesis" associated with mental disorders. P5: Mechanics - Exploring how synaptic mechanics influence both sides of synapses to establish structural traces of short- and long-term memory, thereby aiding the integration of mental functions. We also delve into the historical background and foresee impending challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo KASAI
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Matteucci G, Guyoton M, Mayrhofer JM, Auffret M, Foustoukos G, Petersen CCH, El-Boustani S. Cortical sensory processing across motivational states during goal-directed behavior. Neuron 2022; 110:4176-4193.e10. [PMID: 36240769 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral states can influence performance of goal-directed sensorimotor tasks. Yet, it is unclear how altered neuronal sensory representations in these states relate to task performance and learning. We trained water-restricted mice in a two-whisker discrimination task to study cortical circuits underlying perceptual decision-making under different levels of thirst. We identified somatosensory cortices as well as the premotor cortex as part of the circuit necessary for task execution. Two-photon calcium imaging in these areas identified populations selective to sensory or motor events. Analysis of task performance during individual sessions revealed distinct behavioral states induced by decreasing levels of thirst-related motivation. Learning was better explained by improvements in motivational state control rather than sensorimotor association. Whisker sensory representations in the cortex were altered across behavioral states. In particular, whisker stimuli could be better decoded from neuronal activity during high task performance states, suggesting that state-dependent changes of sensory processing influence decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Matteucci
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maëlle Guyoton
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Johannes M Mayrhofer
- Laboratory of Sensory Processing, Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-SV-BMI-LSENS Station 19, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Auffret
- Laboratory of Sensory Processing, Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-SV-BMI-LSENS Station 19, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Foustoukos
- Laboratory of Sensory Processing, Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-SV-BMI-LSENS Station 19, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carl C H Petersen
- Laboratory of Sensory Processing, Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-SV-BMI-LSENS Station 19, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sami El-Boustani
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory of Sensory Processing, Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-SV-BMI-LSENS Station 19, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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28
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Zarkeshian P, Kergan T, Ghobadi R, Nicola W, Simon C. Photons guided by axons may enable backpropagation-based learning in the brain. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20720. [PMID: 36456619 PMCID: PMC9715721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24871-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite great advances in explaining synaptic plasticity and neuron function, a complete understanding of the brain's learning algorithms is still missing. Artificial neural networks provide a powerful learning paradigm through the backpropagation algorithm which modifies synaptic weights by using feedback connections. Backpropagation requires extensive communication of information back through the layers of a network. This has been argued to be biologically implausible and it is not clear whether backpropagation can be realized in the brain. Here we suggest that biophotons guided by axons provide a potential channel for backward transmission of information in the brain. Biophotons have been experimentally shown to be produced in the brain, yet their purpose is not understood. We propose that biophotons can propagate from each post-synaptic neuron to its pre-synaptic one to carry the required information backward. To reflect the stochastic character of biophoton emissions, our model includes the stochastic backward transmission of teaching signals. We demonstrate that a three-layered network of neurons can learn the MNIST handwritten digit classification task using our proposed backpropagation-like algorithm with stochastic photonic feedback. We model realistic restrictions and show that our system still learns the task for low rates of biophoton emission, information-limited (one bit per photon) backward transmission, and in the presence of noise photons. Our results suggest a new functionality for biophotons and provide an alternate mechanism for backward transmission in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Zarkeshian
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada ,1QB Information Technologies (1QBit), Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Taylor Kergan
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Roohollah Ghobadi
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Wilten Nicola
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Christoph Simon
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
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29
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Bosten JM, Coen-Cagli R, Franklin A, Solomon SG, Webster MA. Calibrating Vision: Concepts and Questions. Vision Res 2022; 201:108131. [PMID: 37139435 PMCID: PMC10151026 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2022.108131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The idea that visual coding and perception are shaped by experience and adjust to changes in the environment or the observer is universally recognized as a cornerstone of visual processing, yet the functions and processes mediating these calibrations remain in many ways poorly understood. In this article we review a number of facets and issues surrounding the general notion of calibration, with a focus on plasticity within the encoding and representational stages of visual processing. These include how many types of calibrations there are - and how we decide; how plasticity for encoding is intertwined with other principles of sensory coding; how it is instantiated at the level of the dynamic networks mediating vision; how it varies with development or between individuals; and the factors that may limit the form or degree of the adjustments. Our goal is to give a small glimpse of an enormous and fundamental dimension of vision, and to point to some of the unresolved questions in our understanding of how and why ongoing calibrations are a pervasive and essential element of vision.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruben Coen-Cagli
- Department of Systems Computational Biology, and Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
| | | | - Samuel G Solomon
- Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, UK
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30
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Basilico B, Ferrucci L, Khan A, Di Angelantonio S, Ragozzino D, Reverte I. What microglia depletion approaches tell us about the role of microglia on synaptic function and behavior. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1022431. [PMID: 36406752 PMCID: PMC9673171 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1022431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are dynamic cells, constantly surveying their surroundings and interacting with neurons and synapses. Indeed, a wealth of knowledge has revealed a critical role of microglia in modulating synaptic transmission and plasticity in the developing brain. In the past decade, novel pharmacological and genetic strategies have allowed the acute removal of microglia, opening the possibility to explore and understand the role of microglia also in the adult brain. In this review, we summarized and discussed the contribution of microglia depletion strategies to the current understanding of the role of microglia on synaptic function, learning and memory, and behavior both in physiological and pathological conditions. We first described the available microglia depletion methods highlighting their main strengths and weaknesses. We then reviewed the impact of microglia depletion on structural and functional synaptic plasticity. Next, we focused our analysis on the effects of microglia depletion on behavior, including general locomotor activity, sensory perception, motor function, sociability, learning and memory both in healthy animals and animal models of disease. Finally, we integrated the findings from the reviewed studies and discussed the emerging roles of microglia on the maintenance of synaptic function, learning, memory strength and forgetfulness, and the implications of microglia depletion in models of brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Ferrucci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Azka Khan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Angelantonio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- and Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Ragozzino
- Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia – Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Davide Ragozzino,
| | - Ingrid Reverte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
- Ingrid Reverte,
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31
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He A, Zhang C, Ke X, Yi Y, Yu Q, Zhang T, Yu H, Du H, Li H, Tian Q, Zhu LQ, Lu Y. VGLUT3 neurons in median raphe control the efficacy of spatial memory retrieval via ETV4 regulation of VGLUT3 transcription. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:1590-1607. [PMID: 35089530 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The raphe nucleus is critical for feeding, rewarding and memory. However, how the heterogenous raphe neurons are molecularly and structurally organized to engage their divergent functions remains unknown. Here, we genetically target a subset of neurons expressing VGLUT3. VGLUT3 neurons control the efficacy of spatial memory retrieval by synapsing directly with parvalbumin-expressing GABA interneurons (PGIs) in the dentate gyrus. In a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD mice), VGLUT3→PGIs synaptic transmission is impaired by ETV4 inhibition of VGLUT3 transcription. ETV4 binds to a promoter region of VGLUT3 and activates VGLUT3 transcription in VGLUT3 neurons. Strengthening VGLUT3→PGIs synaptic transmission by ETV4 activation of VGLUT3 transcription upscales the efficacy of spatial memory retrieval in AD mice. This study reports a novel circuit and molecular mechanism underlying the efficacy of spatial memory retrieval via ETV4 inhibition of VGLUT3 transcription and hence provides a promising target for therapeutic intervention of the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aodi He
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao Ke
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yao Yi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Quntao Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tongmei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Huiyun Du
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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32
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Getz AM, Ducros M, Breillat C, Lampin-Saint-Amaux A, Daburon S, François U, Nowacka A, Fernández-Monreal M, Hosy E, Lanore F, Zieger HL, Sainlos M, Humeau Y, Choquet D. High-resolution imaging and manipulation of endogenous AMPA receptor surface mobility during synaptic plasticity and learning. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm5298. [PMID: 35895810 PMCID: PMC9328687 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm5298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of synaptic neurotransmitter receptor content is a fundamental mechanism for tuning synaptic efficacy during experience-dependent plasticity and behavioral adaptation. However, experimental approaches to track and modify receptor movements in integrated experimental systems are limited. Exploiting AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) as a model, we generated a knock-in mouse expressing the biotin acceptor peptide (AP) tag on the GluA2 extracellular N-terminal. Cell-specific introduction of biotin ligase allows the use of monovalent or tetravalent avidin variants to respectively monitor or manipulate the surface mobility of endogenous AMPAR containing biotinylated AP-GluA2 in neuronal subsets. AMPAR immobilization precluded the expression of long-term potentiation and formation of contextual fear memory, allowing target-specific control of the expression of synaptic plasticity and animal behavior. The AP tag knock-in model offers unprecedented access to resolve and control the spatiotemporal dynamics of endogenous receptors, and opens new avenues to study the molecular mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Getz
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathieu Ducros
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center (BIC), UAR 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christelle Breillat
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurélie Lampin-Saint-Amaux
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Daburon
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Urielle François
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Agata Nowacka
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mónica Fernández-Monreal
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center (BIC), UAR 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Eric Hosy
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Frédéric Lanore
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Hanna L. Zieger
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Matthieu Sainlos
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Yann Humeau
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel Choquet
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center (BIC), UAR 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Corresponding author.
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Abstract
Optogenetic actuators enable highly precise spatiotemporal interrogation of biological processes at levels ranging from the subcellular to cells, circuits and behaving organisms. Although their application in neuroscience has traditionally focused on the control of spiking activity at the somatodendritic level, the scope of optogenetic modulators for direct manipulation of presynaptic functions is growing. Presynaptically localized opsins combined with light stimulation at the terminals allow light-mediated neurotransmitter release, presynaptic inhibition, induction of synaptic plasticity and specific manipulation of individual components of the presynaptic machinery. Here, we describe presynaptic applications of optogenetic tools in the context of the unique cell biology of axonal terminals, discuss their potential shortcomings and outline future directions for this rapidly developing research area.
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34
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Nakao A, Hayashida K, Ogura H, Mori Y, Imoto K. Hippocampus-related cognitive disorders develop in the absence of epilepsy and ataxia in the heterozygous Cacna1a mutant mice tottering. Channels (Austin) 2022; 16:113-126. [PMID: 35548926 PMCID: PMC9103357 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2022.2072449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CACNA1A-associated epilepsy and ataxia frequently accompany cognitive impairments as devastating co-morbidities. However, it is unclear whether the cognitive deficits are consequences secondary to the neurological symptoms elicited by CACNA1A mutations. To address this issue, Cacna1a mutant mice tottering (tg), and in particular tg/+ heterozygotes, serve as a suitable model system, given that tg/+ heterozygotes fail to display spontaneous absence epilepsy and ataxia typically observed in tg/tg homozygotes. Here, we examined hippocampus-dependent behaviors and hippocampal learning-related synaptic plasticity in tg mice. In behavioral analyses of tg/+ and tg/tg, acquisition and retention of spatial reference memory were characteristically impaired in the Morris water maze task, while working memory was intact in the eight-arm radial maze and T-maze tasks. tg/+ heterozygotes showed normal motor function in contrast to tg/tg homozygotes. In electrophysiological analyses, Schaffer collateral–CA1 synapses showed a deficit in the maintenance of long-term potentiation in tg/+ and tg/tg mice and an increased paired-pulse facilitation induced by paired pulses with 100 ms in tg/tg mice. Our results indicate that the tg mutation causes a dominant disorder of the hippocampus-related memory and synaptic plasticity, raising the possibility that in CACNA1A-associated human diseases, functionally aberrant CaV2.1 Ca2+ channels actively induce the observed cognitive deficits independently of the neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Nakao
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsumi Hayashida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroo Ogura
- Product Creation Headquarters, Eisai Corporate, Limited, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiji Imoto
- Division of Neural Signaling, Department of Information Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
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35
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Choquet D, Opazo P. The role of AMPAR lateral diffusion in memory. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 125:76-83. [PMID: 35123863 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of AMPARs to synapses is a fundamental step in Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission, a well-established cellular correlate of learning and memory. The discovery of a sizeable and highly mobile population of extrasynaptic AMPARs - randomly scanning the synaptic surface under basal conditions - provided a conceptual framework for a simplified model: LTP can be induced by the capture, and hence accumulation, of laterally diffusing extrasynaptic AMPARs. Here, we review the evidence supporting a rate-limiting role of AMPAR lateral diffusion in LTP and as consequence, in learning and memory. We propose that there are "multiple solutions" for achieving the diffusional trapping of AMPAR during LTP, mainly mediated by the interaction between interchangeable AMPAR auxiliary subunits and cell-adhesion molecules containing PDZ-binding domains and synaptic scaffolds containing PDZ-domains. We believe that this molecular degeneracy in the diffusional trapping of AMPAR during LTP serve to ensure the robustness of this crucial step in the making of memories. All in all, the role of AMPAR lateral diffusion in LTP is not only a conceptual leap in our understanding of memory, but it might also hold the keys for the development of therapeutics against disorders associated with memory deficits such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Choquet
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Patricio Opazo
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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36
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Yoder JA, Anderson CB, Wang C, Izquierdo EJ. Reinforcement Learning for Central Pattern Generation in Dynamical Recurrent Neural Networks. Front Comput Neurosci 2022; 16:818985. [PMID: 35465269 PMCID: PMC9028035 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2022.818985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifetime learning, or the change (or acquisition) of behaviors during a lifetime, based on experience, is a hallmark of living organisms. Multiple mechanisms may be involved, but biological neural circuits have repeatedly demonstrated a vital role in the learning process. These neural circuits are recurrent, dynamic, and non-linear and models of neural circuits employed in neuroscience and neuroethology tend to involve, accordingly, continuous-time, non-linear, and recurrently interconnected components. Currently, the main approach for finding configurations of dynamical recurrent neural networks that demonstrate behaviors of interest is using stochastic search techniques, such as evolutionary algorithms. In an evolutionary algorithm, these dynamic recurrent neural networks are evolved to perform the behavior over multiple generations, through selection, inheritance, and mutation, across a population of solutions. Although, these systems can be evolved to exhibit lifetime learning behavior, there are no explicit rules built into these dynamic recurrent neural networks that facilitate learning during their lifetime (e.g., reward signals). In this work, we examine a biologically plausible lifetime learning mechanism for dynamical recurrent neural networks. We focus on a recently proposed reinforcement learning mechanism inspired by neuromodulatory reward signals and ongoing fluctuations in synaptic strengths. Specifically, we extend one of the best-studied and most-commonly used dynamic recurrent neural networks to incorporate the reinforcement learning mechanism. First, we demonstrate that this extended dynamical system (model and learning mechanism) can autonomously learn to perform a central pattern generation task. Second, we compare the robustness and efficiency of the reinforcement learning rules in relation to two baseline models, a random walk and a hill-climbing walk through parameter space. Third, we systematically study the effect of the different meta-parameters of the learning mechanism on the behavioral learning performance. Finally, we report on preliminary results exploring the generality and scalability of this learning mechanism for dynamical neural networks as well as directions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A. Yoder
- Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Jason A. Yoder
| | - Cooper B. Anderson
- Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN, United States
| | - Cehong Wang
- Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN, United States
| | - Eduardo J. Izquierdo
- Computational Neuroethology Lab, Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
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37
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Xue Z, Shui M, Lin X, Sun Y, Liu J, Wei C, Wu A, Li T. Role of BDNF/ProBDNF Imbalance in Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction by Modulating Synaptic Plasticity in Aged Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:780972. [PMID: 35370607 PMCID: PMC8975148 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.780972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a disturbing neurological complication in patients undergoing anesthesia and surgical procedures. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its precursor proBDNF binding to their corresponding receptors tyrosine kinase (TrkB) and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) exert quite an opposite biological function in neuron survival and synaptic function. This study aimed to demonstrate the critical role of the BDNF/proBDNF ratio in modulating synaptic plasticity, which further leads to anesthesia-/surgery-induced POCD. It also showed that the exogenous BDNF or p75NTR inhibitor could ameliorate cognitive dysfunction. In detail, 16-month-old C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a stabilized tibial fracture surgery with isoflurane anesthesia to establish the POCD animal model. The mice were then microinjected with either p75NTR inhibitor or exogenous BDNF into the dorsal hippocampus. Behavioral experiments were performed by open field and fear conditioning tests (FCTs). Western blotting was also used to measure the expression levels of BDNF, proBDNF, TrkB, p-TrkB, p75NTR, and synapse proteins. Golgi staining and electrophysiology were applied to evaluate the neuronal synaptic plasticity. Here, we demonstrated that anesthesia/surgery induced a reduction of BDNF/proBDNF, which negatively regulates the synaptic function in hippocampus, subsequently leading to cognitive impairment in aged mice. P75NTR inhibitor and exogenous BDNF could attenuate cognitive deficits by rescuing the dendritic spine loss and long-term potentiation (LTP) via altering the BDNF/proBDNF ratio. This study unveiled that the BDNF/proBDNF ratio in the hippocampus played a key role in anesthesia-/surgery-induced POCD. Thereby, tuning the ratio of BDNF/proBDNF is supposed to be a promising therapeutic target for POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Shui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changwei Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Changwei Wei,
| | - Anshi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Anshi Wu,
| | - Tianzuo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Tianzuo Li,
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38
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Dankovich TM, Rizzoli SO. The Synaptic Extracellular Matrix: Long-Lived, Stable, and Still Remarkably Dynamic. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:854956. [PMID: 35350469 PMCID: PMC8957932 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.854956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the adult brain, synapses are tightly enwrapped by lattices of the extracellular matrix that consist of extremely long-lived molecules. These lattices are deemed to stabilize synapses, restrict the reorganization of their transmission machinery, and prevent them from undergoing structural or morphological changes. At the same time, they are expected to retain some degree of flexibility to permit occasional events of synaptic plasticity. The recent understanding that structural changes to synapses are significantly more frequent than previously assumed (occurring even on a timescale of minutes) has called for a mechanism that allows continual and energy-efficient remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) at synapses. Here, we review recent evidence for such a process based on the constitutive recycling of synaptic ECM molecules. We discuss the key characteristics of this mechanism, focusing on its roles in mediating synaptic transmission and plasticity, and speculate on additional potential functions in neuronal signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal M. Dankovich
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Göttingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Neuroscience, Göttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tal M. Dankovich Silvio O. Rizzoli
| | - Silvio O. Rizzoli
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Göttingen, Germany
- Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN) Center & Multiscale Bioimaging Excellence Center, Göttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tal M. Dankovich Silvio O. Rizzoli
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39
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Takemoto K. [Optical inactivation of molecular functions in vivo by chromophore-assisted light inactivation]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2022; 157:238-243. [PMID: 35781452 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many biological phenomena have spatio-temporal characteristics, such as the expression of molecular activity locally or at a limited time. Such phenomena have been observed in various organisms from slime mold to mammals, and are considered to be one of the basic patterns in biological reactions. Live imaging studies using the fluorescent protein GFP and fluorescence microscopy have become a standard technique in the life sciences to reveal the dynamics of these characteristic biological phenomena. On the other hand, the characteristic behaviors of molecules and cells captured by microscopy only correlate with life phenomena, and the causal relationship of whether they really matter is unknown. It is unclear whether they are really important or not. Therefore, to elucidate their physiological significance, it is important to introduce spatiotemporal manipulation techniques to manipulate molecules and cells locally and at arbitrary timing, and to perform causal analysis in vivo. The chromophore-assisted light inactivation (CALI) method, which uses light to inactivate molecular functions, is an optical technology that enables such spatiotemporal manipulation, and has recently been used in vivo in various model organisms, attracting widespread attention. In this section, we will review the principle of the CALI method, actual research examples, in particular, its in vivo application, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwamu Takemoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Mie University, Graduate School of Medicine
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40
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Dankovich TM, Kaushik R, Olsthoorn LHM, Petersen GC, Giro PE, Kluever V, Agüi-Gonzalez P, Grewe K, Bao G, Beuermann S, Hadi HA, Doeren J, Klöppner S, Cooper BH, Dityatev A, Rizzoli SO. Extracellular matrix remodeling through endocytosis and resurfacing of Tenascin-R. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7129. [PMID: 34880248 PMCID: PMC8654841 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain extracellular matrix (ECM) consists of extremely long-lived proteins that assemble around neurons and synapses, to stabilize them. The ECM is thought to change only rarely, in relation to neuronal plasticity, through ECM proteolysis and renewed protein synthesis. We report here an alternative ECM remodeling mechanism, based on the recycling of ECM molecules. Using multiple ECM labeling and imaging assays, from super-resolution optical imaging to nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry, both in culture and in brain slices, we find that a key ECM protein, Tenascin-R, is frequently endocytosed, and later resurfaces, preferentially near synapses. The TNR molecules complete this cycle within ~3 days, in an activity-dependent fashion. Interfering with the recycling process perturbs severely neuronal function, strongly reducing synaptic vesicle exo- and endocytosis. We conclude that the neuronal ECM can be remodeled frequently through mechanisms that involve endocytosis and recycling of ECM proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal M. Dankovich
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Excellence Cluster Multiscale Bioimaging, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.4372.20000 0001 2105 1091International Max Planck Research School for Neuroscience, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rahul Kaushik
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426Molecular Neuroplasticity, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany ,grid.418723.b0000 0001 2109 6265Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Linda H. M. Olsthoorn
- grid.4372.20000 0001 2105 1091International Max Planck Research School for Neuroscience, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.418140.80000 0001 2104 4211Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabriel Cassinelli Petersen
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Excellence Cluster Multiscale Bioimaging, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Emanuel Giro
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Excellence Cluster Multiscale Bioimaging, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Verena Kluever
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Excellence Cluster Multiscale Bioimaging, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paola Agüi-Gonzalez
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Excellence Cluster Multiscale Bioimaging, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Grewe
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Excellence Cluster Multiscale Bioimaging, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Guobin Bao
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Excellence Cluster Multiscale Bioimaging, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Beuermann
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannah Abdul Hadi
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Excellence Cluster Multiscale Bioimaging, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jose Doeren
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Excellence Cluster Multiscale Bioimaging, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Simon Klöppner
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Excellence Cluster Multiscale Bioimaging, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin H. Cooper
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426Molecular Neuroplasticity, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany ,grid.418723.b0000 0001 2109 6265Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany ,grid.5807.a0000 0001 1018 4307Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Silvio O. Rizzoli
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Excellence Cluster Multiscale Bioimaging, Göttingen, Germany ,Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN) Center, Göttingen, Germany
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41
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Maldonado-Díaz C, Vazquez M, Marie B. A comparison of three different methods of eliciting rapid activity-dependent synaptic plasticity at the Drosophila NMJ. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260553. [PMID: 34847197 PMCID: PMC8631638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila NMJ is a system of choice for investigating the mechanisms underlying the structural and functional modifications evoked during activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Because fly genetics allows considerable versatility, many strategies can be employed to elicit this activity. Here, we compare three different stimulation methods for eliciting activity-dependent changes in structure and function at the Drosophila NMJ. We find that the method using patterned stimulations driven by a K+-rich solution creates robust structural modifications but reduces muscle viability, as assessed by resting potential and membrane resistance. We argue that, using this method, electrophysiological studies that consider the frequency of events, rather than their amplitude, are the only reliable studies. We contrast these results with the expression of CsChrimson channels and red-light stimulation at the NMJ, as well as with the expression of TRPA channels and temperature stimulation. With both these methods we observed reliable modifications of synaptic structures and consistent changes in electrophysiological properties. Indeed, we observed a rapid appearance of immature boutons that lack postsynaptic differentiation, and a potentiation of spontaneous neurotransmission frequency. Surprisingly, a patterned application of temperature changes alone is sufficient to provoke both structural and functional plasticity. In this context, temperature-dependent TRPA channel activation induces additional structural plasticity but no further increase in the frequency of spontaneous neurotransmission, suggesting an uncoupling of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Maldonado-Díaz
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Mariam Vazquez
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Bruno Marie
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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42
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Drifting assemblies for persistent memory: Neuron transitions and unsupervised compensation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2023832118. [PMID: 34772802 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023832118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Change is ubiquitous in living beings. In particular, the connectome and neural representations can change. Nevertheless, behaviors and memories often persist over long times. In a standard model, associative memories are represented by assemblies of strongly interconnected neurons. For faithful storage these assemblies are assumed to consist of the same neurons over time. Here we propose a contrasting memory model with complete temporal remodeling of assemblies, based on experimentally observed changes of synapses and neural representations. The assemblies drift freely as noisy autonomous network activity and spontaneous synaptic turnover induce neuron exchange. The gradual exchange allows activity-dependent and homeostatic plasticity to conserve the representational structure and keep inputs, outputs, and assemblies consistent. This leads to persistent memory. Our findings explain recent experimental results on temporal evolution of fear memory representations and suggest that memory systems need to be understood in their completeness as individual parts may constantly change.
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43
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Lenz M, Eichler A, Kruse P, Muellerleile J, Deller T, Jedlicka P, Vlachos A. All-trans retinoic acid induces synaptopodin-dependent metaplasticity in mouse dentate granule cells. eLife 2021; 10:71983. [PMID: 34723795 PMCID: PMC8560091 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we showed that the vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) induces synaptic plasticity in acute brain slices prepared from the mouse and human neocortex (Lenz et al., 2021). Depending on the brain region studied, distinct effects of atRA on excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission have been reported. Here, we used intraperitoneal injections of atRA (10 mg/kg) in adult C57BL/6J mice to study the effects of atRA on excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the mouse fascia dentata—a brain region implicated in memory acquisition. No major changes in synaptic transmission were observed in the ventral hippocampus while a significant increase in both spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current frequencies and synapse numbers were evident in the dorsal hippocampus 6 hr after atRA administration. The intrinsic properties of hippocampal dentate granule cells were not significantly different and hippocampal transcriptome analysis revealed no essential neuronal changes upon atRA treatment. In light of these findings, we tested for the metaplastic effects of atRA, that is, for its ability to modulate synaptic plasticity expression in the absence of major changes in baseline synaptic strength. Indeed, in vivo long-term potentiation (LTP) experiments demonstrated that systemic atRA treatment improves the ability of dentate granule cells to express LTP. The plasticity-promoting effects of atRA were not observed in synaptopodin-deficient mice, therefore, extending our previous results regarding the relevance of synaptopodin in atRA-mediated synaptic strengthening in the mouse prefrontal cortex. Taken together, our data show that atRA mediates synaptopodin-dependent metaplasticity in mouse dentate granule cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Lenz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Amelie Eichler
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pia Kruse
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Muellerleile
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Deller
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Jedlicka
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,ICAR3R - Interdisciplinary Centre for 3Rs in Animal Research, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vlachos
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in Neuromodulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center Brain Links Brain Tools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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44
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Wang IF, Wang Y, Yang YH, Huang GJ, Tsai KJ, Shen CKJ. Activation of a hippocampal CREB-pCREB-miRNA-MEF2 axis modulates individual variation of spatial learning and memory capability. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109477. [PMID: 34348143 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic variation is a fundamental prerequisite for cell and organism evolution by natural selection. Whereas the role of stochastic gene expression in phenotypic diversity of genetically identical cells is well studied, not much is known regarding the relationship between stochastic gene expression and individual behavioral variation in animals. We demonstrate that a specific miRNA (miR-466f-3p) is upregulated in the hippocampus of a portion of individual inbred mice upon a Morris water maze task. Significantly, miR-466f-3p positively regulates the neuron morphology, function and spatial learning, and memory capability of mice. Mechanistically, miR-466f-3p represses translation of MEF2A, a negative regulator of learning/memory. Finally, we show that varied upregulation of hippocampal miR-466f-3p results from randomized phosphorylation of hippocampal cyclic AMP (cAMP)-response element binding (CREB) in individuals. This finding of modulation of spatial learning and memory via a randomized hippocampal signaling axis upon neuronal stimulation represents a demonstration of how variation in tissue gene expression lead to varied animal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Fang Wang
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yihan Wang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Yang
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Jen Huang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan.
| | - Che-Kun James Shen
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
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45
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A large-scale nanoscopy and biochemistry analysis of postsynaptic dendritic spines. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:1151-1162. [PMID: 34168338 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00874-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic spines, the postsynaptic compartments of excitatory neurotransmission, have different shapes classified from 'stubby' to 'mushroom-like'. Whereas mushroom spines are essential for adult brain function, stubby spines disappear during brain maturation. It is still unclear whether and how they differ in protein composition. To address this, we combined electron microscopy and quantitative biochemistry with super-resolution microscopy to annotate more than 47,000 spines for more than 100 synaptic targets. Surprisingly, mushroom and stubby spines have similar average protein copy numbers and topologies. However, an analysis of the correlation of each protein to the postsynaptic density mass, used as a marker of synaptic strength, showed substantially more significant results for the mushroom spines. Secretion and trafficking proteins correlated particularly poorly to the strength of stubby spines. This suggests that stubby spines are less likely to adequately respond to dynamic changes in synaptic transmission than mushroom spines, which possibly explains their loss during brain maturation.
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46
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Jia P, Manuel AM, Fernandes BS, Dai Y, Zhao Z. Distinct effect of prenatal and postnatal brain expression across 20 brain disorders and anthropometric social traits: a systematic study of spatiotemporal modularity. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:6291943. [PMID: 34086851 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Different spatiotemporal abnormalities have been implicated in different neuropsychiatric disorders and anthropometric social traits, yet an investigation in the temporal network modularity with brain tissue transcriptomics has been lacking. We developed a supervised network approach to investigate the genome-wide association study (GWAS) results in the spatial and temporal contexts and demonstrated it in 20 brain disorders and anthropometric social traits. BrainSpan transcriptome profiles were used to discover significant modules enriched with trait susceptibility genes in a developmental stage-stratified manner. We investigated whether, and in which developmental stages, GWAS-implicated genes are coordinately expressed in brain transcriptome. We identified significant network modules for each disorder and trait at different developmental stages, providing a systematic view of network modularity at specific developmental stages for a myriad of brain disorders and traits. Specifically, we observed a strong pattern of the fetal origin for most psychiatric disorders and traits [such as schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and neuroticism], whereas increased co-expression activities of genes were more strongly associated with neurological diseases [such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis] and anthropometric traits (such as college completion, education and subjective well-being) in postnatal brains. Further analyses revealed enriched cell types and functional features that were supported and corroborated prior knowledge in specific brain disorders, such as clathrin-mediated endocytosis in AD, myelin sheath in multiple sclerosis and regulation of synaptic plasticity in both college completion and education. Our study provides a landscape view of the spatiotemporal features in a myriad of brain-related disorders and traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Jia
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St. Suite 600, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Astrid M Manuel
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St. Suite 600, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brisa S Fernandes
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St. Suite 600, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yulin Dai
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St. Suite 600, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St. Suite 600, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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47
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Obashi K, Taraska JW, Okabe S. The role of molecular diffusion within dendritic spines in synaptic function. J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:e202012814. [PMID: 33720306 PMCID: PMC7967910 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spines are tiny nanoscale protrusions from dendrites of neurons. In the cortex and hippocampus, most of the excitatory postsynaptic sites reside in spines. The bulbous spine head is connected to the dendritic shaft by a thin membranous neck. Because the neck is narrow, spine heads are thought to function as biochemically independent signaling compartments. Thus, dynamic changes in the composition, distribution, mobility, conformations, and signaling properties of molecules contained within spines can account for much of the molecular basis of postsynaptic function and regulation. A major factor in controlling these changes is the diffusional properties of proteins within this small compartment. Advances in measurement techniques using fluorescence microscopy now make it possible to measure molecular diffusion within single dendritic spines directly. Here, we review the regulatory mechanisms of diffusion in spines by local intra-spine architecture and discuss their implications for neuronal signaling and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Obashi
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Justin W. Taraska
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Shigeo Okabe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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48
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Zheng K, Hu F, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Zheng J, Lai C, Xiong W, Cui K, Hu YZ, Han ZT, Zhang HH, Chen JG, Man HY, Liu D, Lu Y, Zhu LQ. miR-135a-5p mediates memory and synaptic impairments via the Rock2/Adducin1 signaling pathway in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1903. [PMID: 33771994 PMCID: PMC7998005 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but most abnormally expressed miRNAs found in AD are not regulated by synaptic activity. Here we report that dysfunction of miR-135a-5p/Rock2/Add1 results in memory/synaptic disorder in a mouse model of AD. miR-135a-5p levels are significantly reduced in excitatory hippocampal neurons of AD model mice. This decrease is tau dependent and mediated by Foxd3. Inhibition of miR-135a-5p leads to synaptic disorder and memory impairments. Furthermore, excess Rock2 levels caused by loss of miR-135a-5p plays an important role in the synaptic disorder of AD via phosphorylation of Ser726 on adducin 1 (Add1). Blocking the phosphorylation of Ser726 on Add1 with a membrane-permeable peptide effectively rescues the memory impairments in AD mice. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that synaptic-related miR-135a-5p mediates synaptic/memory deficits in AD via the Rock2/Add1 signaling pathway, illuminating a potential therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Lai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wan Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ke Cui
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Zhuo Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Tao Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Hong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Heng-Ye Man
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan Liu
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Youming Lu
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
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49
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Schulte C, Maric HM. Expanding GABA AR pharmacology via receptor-associated proteins. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 57:98-106. [PMID: 33684670 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drugs directly targeting γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs), the major mediators of fast synaptic inhibition, contribute significantly to today's neuropharmacology. Emerging evidence establishes intracellularly GABAAR-associated proteins as the central players in determining cellular and subcellular GABAergic input sites, thereby providing pharmacological opportunities to affect distinct receptor populations and address discrete neuronal dysfunctions. Here, we report on recently studied GABAAR-associated proteins and highlight challenges and newly available methods for their functional and physical mapping. We anticipate these efforts to contribute to decipher the complexity of GABAergic signalling in the brain and eventually enable therapeutic avenues for, so far, untreatable neuronal disorders and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Schulte
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics and Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, D15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hans Michael Maric
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics and Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, D15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
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50
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Sohn H, Meirhaeghe N, Rajalingham R, Jazayeri M. A Network Perspective on Sensorimotor Learning. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:170-181. [PMID: 33349476 PMCID: PMC9744184 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
What happens in the brain when we learn? Ever since the foundational work of Cajal, the field has made numerous discoveries as to how experience could change the structure and function of individual synapses. However, more recent advances have highlighted the need for understanding learning in terms of complex interactions between populations of neurons and synapses. How should one think about learning at such a macroscopic level? Here, we develop a conceptual framework to bridge the gap between the different scales at which learning operates, from synapses to neurons to behavior. Using this framework, we explore the principles that guide sensorimotor learning across these scales, and set the stage for future experimental and theoretical work in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Meirhaeghe
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Corresponding authors: Nicolas Meirhaeghe, , Mehrdad Jazayeri, Ph.D.,
| | | | - Mehrdad Jazayeri
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research,,Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Corresponding authors: Nicolas Meirhaeghe, , Mehrdad Jazayeri, Ph.D.,
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