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Yang J, He J, Yang L. Advanced glycation end products impair the repair of injured tendon: a study in rats. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:700. [PMID: 39227794 PMCID: PMC11370031 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The AGEs levels in tissues of diabetics and elderly tend to be higher than in normal individuals. This study aims to determine the effects of AGEs on Achilles tendon repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six male eight-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were selected in this study. The rats were randomly divided into two experimental groups and a control group after the transection of the Achilles tendon. During the tendon repair, the experimental groups were injected around the Achilles tendon with 350mmol/L (low dose group) and 1000mmol/L (high dose group) D-ribose 0.2 ml respectively to increase the AGEs level, while in the control group were given the same amount of PBS. The injections were given twice a week for six weeks. Collagen-I, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression in the healed Achilles tendon was assessed. Additionally, macroscopic, pathological, and biomechanical evaluations of Achilles tendon repair were conducted. RESULTS The repaired Achilles tendons in the high dose group showed severe swelling and distinctive adhesions. The histological score went up with the increase of the AGEs in the Achilles tendon (p<0.001). TNF- α and IL-6 in the Achilles tendon increased (p<0.001, p<0.001), and the production of collagen-I decreased with the accumulation of AGEs in the repaired Achilles tendon (p<0.001). The tensile strength of Achilles tendon in the high dose group was impaired significantly. CONCLUSION In current study, the compromised tendon repair model induced by AGEs was successfully established in rat. The study demonstrated that AGEs significantly impair Achilles tendon repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, No.1279 Sanmen Road, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Jirui He
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou City, 730030, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, No.1279 Sanmen Road, Shanghai, 200434, China.
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Van Gulick L, Saby C, Mayer C, Fossier E, Jaisson S, Okwieka A, Gillery P, Chenais B, Mimouni V, Morjani H, Beljebbar A. Biochemical and morpho-mechanical properties, and structural organization of rat tail tendon collagen in diet-induced obesity model. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127936. [PMID: 37939767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the impact of obesity on the structural organization, morpho-mechanical properties of collagen fibers from rat tail tendon fascicles (RTTFs). Polarized Raman microspectroscopy showed that the collagen bands 855, 875, 938, and 960 cm-1 as well as those 1631 and 1660 cm-1 were affected by diet. Mechanical properties exhibited an increase in the yield strength from control (CTRL) to high fat (HF) diet (9.60 ± 1.71 and 13.09 ± 1.81 MPa) (p < 0.01) and ultimate tensile strength (13.12 ± 2.37 and 18.32 ± 2.83 MPa) (p < 0.05) with no significant change in the Young's Modulus. During mechanical, the band at 875 cm-1 exhibited the most relevant frequency shift (2 cm-1). The intensity of those at 855, 875, and 938 cm-1 in HF collagen displayed a comparable response to mechanical stress as compared to CTRL collagen with no significant diet-related changes in the Full Width at Half Maximum. Second harmonic generation technique revealed i) similar fiber straightness (0.963 ± 0.004 and 0.965 ± 0.003) and ii) significant changes in fibers diameter (1.48 ± 0.07 and 1.52 ± 0.08 μm) (p < 0.05) and length (22.06 ± 2.38 and 29.00 ± 3.76 μm) (p < 0.001) between CTRL and HF diet, respectively. The quantification of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) revealed an increase in both carboxymethyl-lysine and total fluorescence AGEs from CTRL to HF RTTFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Van Gulick
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT EA 7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51096 Reims, France
| | - Charles Saby
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT EA 7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51096 Reims, France
| | - Claire Mayer
- BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, 53020 Laval, France
| | - Emilie Fossier
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT EA 7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51096 Reims, France
| | - Stéphane Jaisson
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, MEDyC CNRS UMR 7369, UFR de Médecine, 51097 Reims, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Service de Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Reims, France
| | - Anaïs Okwieka
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, MEDyC CNRS UMR 7369, UFR de Médecine, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Philippe Gillery
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, MEDyC CNRS UMR 7369, UFR de Médecine, 51097 Reims, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Service de Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Reims, France
| | - Benoît Chenais
- BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Virginie Mimouni
- BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, 53020 Laval, France
| | - Hamid Morjani
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT EA 7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51096 Reims, France
| | - Abdelilah Beljebbar
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT EA 7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51096 Reims, France.
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Ye P, Gu R, Zhu H, Chen J, Han F, Nie X. SOX family transcription factors as therapeutic targets in wound healing: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127243. [PMID: 37806414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The SOX family plays a vital role in determining the fate of cells and has garnered attention in the fields of cancer research and regenerative medicine. It also shows promise in the study of wound healing, as it actively participates in the healing processes of various tissues such as skin, fractures, tendons, and the cornea. However, our understanding of the mechanisms behind the SOX family's involvement in wound healing is limited compared to its role in cancer. Gaining insight into its role, distribution, interaction with other factors, and modifications in traumatized tissues could provide valuable new knowledge about wound healing. Based on current research, SOX2, SOX7, and SOX9 are the most promising members of the SOX family for future interventions in wound healing. SOX2 and SOX9 promote the renewal of cells, while SOX7 enhances the microvascular environment. The SOX family holds significant potential for advancing wound healing research. This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest research advancements and therapeutic tools related to the SOX family in wound healing, as well as the potential benefits and challenges of targeting the SOX family for wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Ye
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Rifang Gu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; School Medical Office, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Huan Zhu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Jitao Chen
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Felicity Han
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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4
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Xergia SA, Tsarbou C, Liveris NI, Hadjithoma Μ, Tzanetakou IP. Risk factors for Achilles tendon rupture: an updated systematic review. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2023; 51:506-516. [PMID: 35670156 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2022.2085505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identifying risk factors for Achilles Tendon Rupture (ATR) is one of the first necessary steps for its prevention. This systematic review aimed to update the systematic review published in 2014 in ATR etiology. METHODOLOGY A systematic review was carried out using PubMed, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect databases. All types of research studies (Randomized Control Trials - RCTs, Cohort studies, Case-control studies and Cross-sectional studies) that considered ATR, were eligible. The inclusion criteria for eligibility of the studies were to be written in the English language, and to include populations of men and/or women, both athletes, and non-athletes, healthy individuals, and patients. Two independent reviewers used the assessment instrument Newcastle-Ottawa Scale independently, to evaluate the quality of each selected study. Further, two reviewers worked independently to extract the study characteristics, and the GRADE methodology was used to assess the level of certainty of each risk factor. RESULTS From 9526 studies initially identified, 19 studies were eligible for further analysis to identify risk factors for ATR. Seventeen studies were considered good quality, and two studies fair quality. Low to very low certainty of evidence was found for the following medications: steroids, quinolones, and oral bisphosphonate, as well as for other factors such as chronic tendon inflammation and Achilles' tendinopathy, spring season, diabetes, previous musculoskeletal injury, regular participation in athletic activity, hyperparathyroidism, renal failure, and genetic factors. CONCLUSIONS The risk factors found prove that ATR is a multifactorial injury. Appropriate methodologies and well-designed studies are needed to determine the factors and their significance in ATR risk. Finally, the role of biomechanical and psychological aspects in the ATR etiology may be of interest in future studies, as we could not extract relative data in our review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia A Xergia
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, Aigio, Greece
| | - Charis Tsarbou
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, Aigio, Greece
| | - Nikolaos I Liveris
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, Aigio, Greece
| | - Μaria Hadjithoma
- Department of Health Science, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Irene P Tzanetakou
- Department of Life Sciences, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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5
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Kwan KYC, Ng KWK, Rao Y, Zhu C, Qi S, Tuan RS, Ker DFE, Wang DM. Effect of Aging on Tendon Biology, Biomechanics and Implications for Treatment Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15183. [PMID: 37894875 PMCID: PMC10607611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon aging is associated with an increasing prevalence of tendon injuries and/or chronic tendon diseases, such as tendinopathy, which affects approximately 25% of the adult population. Aged tendons are often characterized by a reduction in the number and functionality of tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs), fragmented or disorganized collagen bundles, and an increased deposition of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), leading to pain, inflammation, and impaired mobility. Although the exact pathology is unknown, overuse and microtrauma from aging are thought to be major causative factors. Due to the hypovascular and hypocellular nature of the tendon microenvironment, healing of aged tendons and related injuries is difficult using current pain/inflammation and surgical management techniques. Therefore, there is a need for novel therapies, specifically cellular therapy such as cell rejuvenation, due to the decreased regenerative capacity during aging. To augment the therapeutic strategies for treating tendon-aging-associated diseases and injuries, a comprehensive understanding of tendon aging pathology is needed. This review summarizes age-related tendon changes, including cell behaviors, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, biomechanical properties and healing capacity. Additionally, the impact of conventional treatments (diet, exercise, and surgery) is discussed, and recent advanced strategies (cell rejuvenation) are highlighted to address aged tendon healing. This review underscores the molecular and cellular linkages between aged tendon biomechanical properties and the healing response, and provides an overview of current and novel strategies for treating aged tendons. Understanding the underlying rationale for future basic and translational studies of tendon aging is crucial to the development of advanced therapeutics for tendon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Yu Carissa Kwan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.Y.C.K.); (K.W.K.N.); (Y.R.); (C.Z.); (R.S.T.); (D.F.E.K.)
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka Wai Kerry Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.Y.C.K.); (K.W.K.N.); (Y.R.); (C.Z.); (R.S.T.); (D.F.E.K.)
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ying Rao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.Y.C.K.); (K.W.K.N.); (Y.R.); (C.Z.); (R.S.T.); (D.F.E.K.)
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chenxian Zhu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.Y.C.K.); (K.W.K.N.); (Y.R.); (C.Z.); (R.S.T.); (D.F.E.K.)
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shengcai Qi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China;
| | - Rocky S. Tuan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.Y.C.K.); (K.W.K.N.); (Y.R.); (C.Z.); (R.S.T.); (D.F.E.K.)
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dai Fei Elmer Ker
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.Y.C.K.); (K.W.K.N.); (Y.R.); (C.Z.); (R.S.T.); (D.F.E.K.)
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dan Michelle Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.Y.C.K.); (K.W.K.N.); (Y.R.); (C.Z.); (R.S.T.); (D.F.E.K.)
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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6
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Kaneda G, Chan JL, Castaneda CM, Papalamprou A, Sheyn J, Shelest O, Huang D, Kluser N, Yu V, Ignacio GC, Gertych A, Yoshida R, Metzger M, Tawackoli W, Vernengo A, Sheyn D. iPSC-derived tenocytes seeded on microgrooved 3D printed scaffolds for Achilles tendon regeneration. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:2205-2220. [PMID: 36961351 PMCID: PMC10518032 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Tendons and ligaments have a poor innate healing capacity, yet account for 50% of musculoskeletal injuries in the United States. Full structure and function restoration postinjury remains an unmet clinical need. This study aimed to assess the application of novel three dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) overexpressing the transcription factor Scleraxis (SCX, iMSCSCX+ ) as a new strategy for tendon defect repair. The polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds were fabricated by extrusion through a patterned nozzle or conventional round nozzle. Scaffolds were seeded with iMSCSCX+ and outcomes were assessed in vitro via gene expression analysis and immunofluorescence. In vivo, rat Achilles tendon defects were repaired with iMSCSCX+ -seeded microgrooved scaffolds, microgrooved scaffolds only, or suture only and assessed via gait, gene expression, biomechanical testing, histology, and immunofluorescence. iMSCSCX+ -seeded on microgrooved scaffolds showed upregulation of tendon markers and increased organization and linearity of cells compared to non-patterned scaffolds in vitro. In vivo gait analysis showed improvement in the Scaffold + iMSCSCX+ -treated group compared to the controls. Tensile testing of the tendons demonstrated improved biomechanical properties of the Scaffold + iMSCSCX+ group compared with the controls. Histology and immunofluorescence demonstrated more regular tissue formation in the Scaffold + iMSCSCX+ group. This study demonstrates the potential of 3D-printed scaffolds with cell-instructive surface topography seeded with iMSCSCX+ as an approach to tendon defect repair. Further studies of cell-scaffold constructs can potentially revolutionize tendon reconstruction by advancing the application of 3D printing-based technologies toward patient-specific therapies that improve healing and functional outcomes at both the cellular and tissue level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Kaneda
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Julie L Chan
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Chloe M Castaneda
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Angela Papalamprou
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Julia Sheyn
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Oksana Shelest
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Dave Huang
- Orthopedics Biomechanics Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Victoria Yu
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Gian C Ignacio
- Orthopedics Biomechanics Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Arkadiusz Gertych
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ryu Yoshida
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Melodie Metzger
- Orthopedics Biomechanics Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Wafa Tawackoli
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Dmitriy Sheyn
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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7
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Luo J, Wang Z, Tang C, Yin Z, Huang J, Ruan D, Fei Y, Wang C, Mo X, Li J, Zhang J, Fang C, Li J, Chen X, Shen W. Animal model for tendinopathy. J Orthop Translat 2023; 42:43-56. [PMID: 37637777 PMCID: PMC10450357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tendinopathy is a common motor system disease that leads to pain and reduced function. Despite its prevalence, our mechanistic understanding is incomplete, leading to limited efficacy of treatment options. Animal models contribute significantly to our understanding of tendinopathy and some therapeutic options. However, the inadequacies of animal models are also evident, largely due to differences in anatomical structure and the complexity of human tendinopathy. Different animal models reproduce different aspects of human tendinopathy and are therefore suitable for different scenarios. This review aims to summarize the existing animal models of tendinopathy and to determine the situations in which each model is appropriate for use, including exploring disease mechanisms and evaluating therapeutic effects. Methods We reviewed relevant literature in the PubMed database from January 2000 to December 2022 using the specific terms ((tendinopathy) OR (tendinitis)) AND (model) AND ((mice) OR (rat) OR (rabbit) OR (lapin) OR (dog) OR (canine) OR (sheep) OR (goat) OR (horse) OR (equine) OR (pig) OR (swine) OR (primate)). This review summarized different methods for establishing animal models of tendinopathy and classified them according to the pathogenesis they simulate. We then discussed the advantages and disadvantages of each model, and based on this, identified the situations in which each model was suitable for application. Results For studies that aim to study the pathophysiology of tendinopathy, naturally occurring models, treadmill models, subacromial impingement models and metabolic models are ideal. They are closest to the natural process of tendinopathy in humans. For studies that aim to evaluate the efficacy of possible treatments, the selection should be made according to the pathogenesis simulated by the modeling method. Existing tendinopathy models can be classified into six types according to the pathogenesis they simulate: extracellular matrix synthesis-decomposition imbalance, inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolic disorder, traumatism and mechanical load. Conclusions The critical factor affecting the translational value of research results is whether the selected model is matched with the research purpose. There is no single optimal model for inducing tendinopathy, and researchers must select the model that is most appropriate for the study they are conducting. The translational potential of this article The critical factor affecting the translational value of research results is whether the animal model used is compatible with the research purpose. This paper provides a rationale and practical guide for the establishment and selection of animal models of tendinopathy, which is helpful to improve the clinical transformation ability of existing models and develop new models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Sports Medicine Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, 315825, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, 315825, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zetao Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Sports Medicine Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, 315825, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, 315825, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenqi Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Sports Medicine Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, 315825, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, 315825, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zi Yin
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Sports Medicine Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayun Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Sports Medicine Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, 315825, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, 315825, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dengfeng Ruan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Sports Medicine Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, 315825, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, 315825, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Fei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Sports Medicine Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, 315825, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, 315825, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Canlong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Sports Medicine Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, 315825, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, 315825, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianan Mo
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajin Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Sports Medicine Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, 315825, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, 315825, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Longquan People's Hospital, Zhejiang, 323799, China
| | - Cailian Fang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Sports Medicine Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, 315825, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, 315825, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianyou Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Zhejiang University Huzhou Hospital, 313000, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Sports Medicine Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiliang Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Sports Medicine Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, 315825, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, 315825, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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8
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Abdulmalik S, Gallo J, Nip J, Katebifar S, Arul M, Lebaschi A, Munch LN, Bartly JM, Choudhary S, Kalajzic I, Banasavadi-Siddegowdae YK, Nukavarapu SP, Kumbar SG. Nanofiber matrix formulations for the delivery of Exendin-4 for tendon regeneration: In vitro and in vivo assessment. Bioact Mater 2023; 25:42-60. [PMID: 36733930 PMCID: PMC9876843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon and ligament injuries are the most common musculoskeletal injuries, which not only impact the quality of life but result in a massive economic burden. Surgical interventions for tendon/ligament injuries utilize biological and/or engineered grafts to reconstruct damaged tissue, but these have limitations. Engineered matrices confer superior physicochemical properties over biological grafts but lack desirable bioactivity to promote tissue healing. While incorporating drugs can enhance bioactivity, large matrix surface areas and hydrophobicity can lead to uncontrolled burst release and/or incomplete release due to binding. To overcome these limitations, we evaluated the delivery of a peptide growth factor (exendin-4; Ex-4) using an enhanced nanofiber matrix in a tendon injury model. To overcome drug surface binding due to matrix hydrophobicity of poly(caprolactone) (PCL)-which would be expected to enhance cell-material interactions-we blended PCL and cellulose acetate (CA) and electrospun nanofiber matrices with fiber diameters ranging from 600 to 1000 nm. To avoid burst release and protect the drug, we encapsulated Ex-4 in the open lumen of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), sealed the HNT tube endings with a polymer blend, and mixed Ex-4-loaded HNTs into the polymer mixture before electrospinning. This reduced burst release from ∼75% to ∼40%, but did not alter matrix morphology, fiber diameter, or tensile properties. We evaluated the bioactivity of the Ex-4 nanofiber formulation by culturing human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on matrix surfaces for 21 days and measuring tenogenic differentiation, compared with nanofiber matrices in basal media alone. Strikingly, we observed that Ex-4 nanofiber matrices accelerated the hMSC proliferation rate and elevated levels of sulfated glycosaminoglycan, tendon-related genes (Scx, Mkx, and Tnmd), and ECM-related genes (Col-I, Col-III, and Dcn), compared to control. We then assessed the safety and efficacy of Ex-4 nanofiber matrices in a full-thickness rat Achilles tendon defect with histology, marker expression, functional walking track analysis, and mechanical testing. Our analysis confirmed that Ex-4 nanofiber matrices enhanced tendon healing and reduced fibrocartilage formation versus nanofiber matrices alone. These findings implicate Ex-4 as a potentially valuable tool for tendon tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama Abdulmalik
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Jack Gallo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Jonathan Nip
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Sara Katebifar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Michael Arul
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Amir Lebaschi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Lucas N. Munch
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jenna M. Bartly
- Department of Immunology, Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Shilpa Choudhary
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ivo Kalajzic
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Syam P. Nukavarapu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Sangamesh G. Kumbar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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9
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Notermans T, Isaksson H. Predicting the formation of different tissue types during Achilles tendon healing using mechanoregulated and oxygen-regulated frameworks. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2022; 22:655-667. [PMID: 36542228 PMCID: PMC10097799 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDuring Achilles tendon healing in rodents, besides the expected tendon tissue, also cartilage-, bone- and fat-like tissue features have been observed during the first twenty weeks of healing. Several studies have hypothesized that mechanical loading may play a key role in the formation of different tissue types during healing. We recently developed a computational mechanobiological framework to predict tendon tissue production, organization and mechanical properties during tendon healing. In the current study, we aimed to explore possible mechanobiological related mechanisms underlying formation of other tissue types than tendon tissue during tendon healing. To achieve this, we further developed our recent framework to predict formation of different tissue types, based on mechanobiological models established in other fields, which have earlier not been applied to study tendon healing. We explored a wide range of biophysical stimuli, i.e., principal strain, hydrostatic stress, pore pressure, octahedral shear strain, fluid flow, angiogenesis and oxygen concentration, that may promote the formation of different tissue types. The numerical framework predicted spatiotemporal formation of tendon-, cartilage-, bone- and to a lesser degree fat-like tissue throughout the first twenty weeks of healing, similar to recent experimental reports. Specific features of experimental data were captured by different biophysical stimuli. Our modeling approach showed that mechanobiology may play a role in governing the formation of different tissue types that have been experimentally observed during tendon healing. This study provides a numerical tool that can contribute to a better understanding of tendon mechanobiology during healing. Developing these tools can ultimately lead to development of better rehabilitation regimens that stimulate tendon healing and prevent unwanted formation of cartilage-, fat- and bone-like tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Notermans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Hanna Isaksson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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10
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Park JH, Chung SG, Jun JY, Lee JJ, Lee K. Quantitative analysis of tendon histopathology using digital pathology in rat models with Achilles tendon injury. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:463-474. [PMID: 34974783 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2021.2011251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although digital image analysis methods that quantify histopathologic features have emerged, no validated quantitative methods are available to evaluate tendon injury. This study aimed to propose and validate a quantitative analysis method to identify the histopathologic features of tendon injuries. The histopathologic features of two Achilles tendon injury models (a partial full-thickness defect model and a collagenase injection model) using Sprague-Dawley rats were evaluated by semiquantitative grading and a quantitative analysis method using a digital pathology software at weeks 1 and 4 after tendon injury (six tendons per group at each time point). The outcome variables between tendon injury models and between time points were compared, and the correlation between semiquantitative scores and the results of the quantitative analysis was investigated. The proposed analysis method quantified the severity of the histopathological features after tendon injury. Quantitative analysis differentiated the cell morphology between tendon injury models and time points better than semiquantitative scoring. The results from quantitative measurements correlated significantly with the semiquantitative scores. The proposed quantitative method can be effective in evaluating the histopathology of tendon injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyeon Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun G Chung
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Jun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungbun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Götschi T, Hanimann J, Schulz N, Huser S, Held V, Frey WO, Snedeker JG, Spörri J. Patellar Tendon Shear Wave Velocity Is Higher and has Different Regional Patterns in Elite Competitive Alpine Skiers than in Healthy Controls. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:858610. [PMID: 35757800 PMCID: PMC9218688 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.858610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Competitive alpine skiers are exposed to enormous forces acting on their bodies–particularly on the knee joint and hence the patellar tendon - during both the off-season preparation and in-season competition phases. However, factors influencing patellar tendon adaptation and regional pattern differences between alpine skiers and healthy controls are not yet fully understood, but are essential for deriving effective screening approaches and preventative countermeasures. Thirty elite competitive alpine skiers, all members of the Swiss Alpine Ski Team, and 38 healthy age-matched controls were recruited. A set of two-dimensional shear wave elastography measurements of the PT was acquired and projected into three-dimensional space yielding a volumetric representation of the shear wave velocity profile of the patellar tendon. Multivariate linear models served to quantify differences between the two cohorts and effects of other confounding variables with respect to regional shear wave velocity. A significant (p < 0.001) intergroup difference was found between skiers (mean ± SD = 10.4 ± 1.32 m/s) and controls (mean ± SD = 8.9 ± 1.59 m/s). A significant sex difference was found within skiers (p = 0.024), but no such difference was found in the control group (p = 0.842). Regional SWV pattern alterations between skiers and controls were found for the distal region when compared to the mid-portion (p = 0.023). Competitive alpine skiers exhibit higher SWV in all PT regions than healthy controls, potentially caused by long-term adaptations to heavy tendon loading. The presence of sex-specific differences in PT SWV in skiers but not in controls indicates that sex effects have load-dependent dimensions. Alterations in regional SWV patterns between skiers and controls suggest that patellar tendon adaptation is region specific. In addition to the implementation of 3D SWE, deeper insights into long-term tendon adaptation and normative values for the purpose of preventative screening are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Götschi
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Hanimann
- Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Schulz
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Huser
- Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Victoria Held
- Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter O Frey
- Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jess G Snedeker
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Spörri
- Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Sikes KJ, McConnell A, Serkova N, Cole B, Frisbie D. Untargeted metabolomics analysis identifies creatine, myo-inositol, and lipid pathway modulation in a murine model of tendinopathy. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:965-976. [PMID: 34081345 PMCID: PMC8639838 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tendinopathy has been broadly characterized as alterations in cell proliferation, extracellular matrix turnover/synthesis, and inflammatory alterations. However, the underlying glucose metabolism pathways which contribute to these responses have not been well explored. The potential link between glucose metabolism and tendon pathology is interesting from a global standpoint since the development of spontaneous tendinopathy is associated with systemic metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the overarching goal of this study was to understand the potential pathogenic role of glucose metabolism-driven mechanisms in the development of tendinopathy. To test this, we have utilized an untargeted metabolomics approach to discover pathways which may be altered following tendinopathic injury and treadmill running in an established murine model of TGF-β1 induced tendinopathy. While specific tendon glucose alterations were not observed via metabolomics or 18 F-fluoroeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/microcomputed tomography imaging (18 F-FDG PET/CT), metabolites including creatinine, D-chiro-inositol, and lipids were dysregulated following tendon injury. As novel pathways for manipulation, the creatine pathway, myo-inositol pathway, and lipid signaling may lead to the development of enhanced preventative strategies and therapeutic options for all patients who suffer from tendon-related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J. Sikes
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Anna McConnell
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Natalie Serkova
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80045
| | - Brian Cole
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - David Frisbie
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
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13
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Cetik RM, Yabanoglu Ciftci S, Arica B, Baysal I, Akarca Dizakar SO, Erbay Elibol FK, Gencer A, Demir T, Ayvaz M. Evaluation of the Effects of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 3 (TGF-β3) Loaded Nanoparticles on Healing in a Rat Achilles Tendon Injury Model. Am J Sports Med 2022; 50:1066-1077. [PMID: 35188807 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211073148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achilles tendon (AT) midsubstance injuries may heal suboptimally, especially in athletes. Transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF-β3) shows promise because of its recently discovered tendinogenic effects. Using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-b-PEG) nanoparticles (NPs) may enhance the results by a sustained-release effect. HYPOTHESIS The application of TGF-β3 will enhance AT midsubstance healing, and the NP form will achieve better outcomes. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS A total of 80 rats underwent unilateral AT transection and were divided into 4 groups: (1) control (C); (2) empty chitosan film (Ch); (3) chitosan film containing free TGF-β3 (ChT); and (4) chitosan film containing TGF-β3-loaded NPs (ChN). The animals were sacrificed at 3 and 6 weeks. Tendons were evaluated for morphology (length and cross-sectional area [CSA]), biomechanics (maximum load, stress, stiffness, and elastic modulus), histology, immunohistochemical quantification (types I and III collagen [COL1 and COL3]), and gene expression (COL1A1, COL3A1, scleraxis, and tenomodulin). RESULTS Morphologically, at 3 weeks, ChT (15 ± 2.7 mm) and ChN (15.6 ± 1.6 mm) were shorter than C (17.6 ± 1.8 mm) (P = .019 and = .004, respectively). At 6 weeks, the mean CSA of ChN (10.4 ± 1.9 mm2) was similar to that of intact tendons (6.4 ± 1.1 mm2) (P = .230), while the other groups were larger. Biomechanically, at 3 weeks, ChT (42.8 ± 4.9 N) had a higher maximum load than C (27 ± 9.1 N; P = .004) and Ch (29.2 ± 5.7 N; P = .005). At 6 weeks, ChN (26.9 ± 3.9 MPa) had similar maximum stress when compared with intact tendons (34.1 ± 7.8 MPa) (P = .121); the other groups were significantly lower. Histologically, at 6 weeks, the mean Movin score of ChN (4.5 ± 1.5) was lower than that of ChT (6.3 ± 1.8). Immunohistochemically, ChN had higher COL3 (1.469 ± 0.514) at 3 weeks and lower COL1 (1.129 ± 0.368) at 6 weeks. COL1A1 gene expression was higher in ChT and ChN at 3 weeks, but COL3A1 gene expression was higher in ChN. CONCLUSION The application of TGF-β3 had a positive effect on AT midsubstance healing, and the sustained-release NP form improved the outcomes, more specifically accelerating the remodeling process. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study demonstrated the effectiveness of TGF-β3 on tendon healing on a rat model, which is an important step toward clinical use. The novel method of using PLGA-b-PEG NPs as a drug-delivery system with sustained-release properties had promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riza Mert Cetik
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Betul Arica
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ipek Baysal
- Hacettepe University Vocational School of Health Services, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Fatma Kubra Erbay Elibol
- TOBB ETÜ University of Economics and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Gencer
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Teyfik Demir
- TOBB ETÜ University of Economics and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ayvaz
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Tempfer H, Spitzer G, Lehner C, Wagner A, Gehwolf R, Fierlbeck J, Weissenbacher N, Jessen M, Heindl LM, Traweger A. VEGF-D-mediated signaling in tendon cells is involved in degenerative processes. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22126. [PMID: 35044682 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100773rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling is crucial for a large variety of cellular processes, not only related to angiogenesis but also in nonvascular cell types. We have previously shown that controlling angiogenesis by reducing VEGF-A signaling positively affects tendon healing. We now hypothesize that VEGF signaling in non-endothelial cells may contribute to tendon pathologies. By immunohistochemistry we show that VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3 are expressed in murine and human tendon cells in vivo. In a rat Achilles tendon defect model we show that VEGFR1, VEGFR3, and VEGF-D expression are increased after injury. On cultured rat tendon cells we show that VEGF-D stimulates cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner; the specific VEGFR3 inhibitor SAR131675 reduces cell proliferation and cell migration. Furthermore, activation of VEGFR2 and -3 in tendon-derived cells affects the expression of mRNAs encoding extracellular matrix and matrix remodeling proteins. Using explant model systems, we provide evidence, that VEGFR3 inhibition prevents biomechanical deterioration in rat tail tendon fascicles cultured without load and attenuates matrix damage if exposed to dynamic overload in a bioreactor system. Together, these results suggest a strong role of tendon cell VEGF signaling in mediation of degenerative processes. These findings give novel insight into tendon cell biology and may pave the way for novel treatment options for degenerative tendon diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tempfer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriel Spitzer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Lehner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Wagner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Gehwolf
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Nadja Weissenbacher
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Malik Jessen
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludwig M Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Traweger
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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15
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Marr N, Meeson R, Kelly EF, Fang Y, Peffers MJ, Pitsillides AA, Dudhia J, Thorpe CT. CD146 Delineates an Interfascicular Cell Sub-Population in Tendon That Is Recruited during Injury through Its Ligand Laminin-α4. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9729. [PMID: 34575887 PMCID: PMC8472220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The interfascicular matrix (IFM) binds tendon fascicles and contains a population of morphologically distinct cells. However, the role of IFM-localised cell populations in tendon repair remains to be determined. The basement membrane protein laminin-α4 also localises to the IFM. Laminin-α4 is a ligand for several cell surface receptors, including CD146, a marker of pericyte and progenitor cells. We used a needle injury model in the rat Achilles tendon to test the hypothesis that the IFM is a niche for CD146+ cells that are mobilised in response to tendon damage. We also aimed to establish how expression patterns of circulating non-coding RNAs alter with tendon injury and identify potential RNA-based markers of tendon disease. The results demonstrate the formation of a focal lesion at the injury site, which increased in size and cellularity for up to 21 days post injury. In healthy tendon, CD146+ cells localised to the IFM, compared with injury, where CD146+ cells migrated towards the lesion at days 4 and 7, and populated the lesion 21 days post injury. This was accompanied by increased laminin-α4, suggesting that laminin-α4 facilitates CD146+ cell recruitment at injury sites. We also identified a panel of circulating microRNAs that are dysregulated with tendon injury. We propose that the IFM cell niche mediates the intrinsic response to injury, whereby an injury stimulus induces CD146+ cell migration. Further work is required to fully characterise CD146+ subpopulations within the IFM and establish their precise roles during tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Marr
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (N.M.); (A.A.P.)
| | - Richard Meeson
- Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK; (R.M.); (E.F.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Elizabeth F. Kelly
- Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK; (R.M.); (E.F.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Yongxiang Fang
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK;
| | - Mandy J. Peffers
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Apex Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 9TX, UK;
| | - Andrew A. Pitsillides
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (N.M.); (A.A.P.)
| | - Jayesh Dudhia
- Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK; (R.M.); (E.F.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Chavaunne T. Thorpe
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (N.M.); (A.A.P.)
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16
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Naldo J, Agnew P, Brucato M, Dayton P, Shane A. ACFAS Clinical Consensus Statement: Acute Achilles Tendon Pathology. J Foot Ankle Surg 2021; 60:93-101. [PMID: 33199168 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Injuries to the Achilles tendon are a challenge to the foot and ankle surgeon. In recent years, research has led to a relative change in the way that many surgeons view acute Achilles tendon rupture. In an effort to fully evaluate these trends, as well as to evaluate all aspects of care for acute Achilles tendon rupture, the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons convened a panel of experts to create a clinical consensus statement to address selected aspects of care of the acute Achilles tendon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Naldo
- Chairperson, ACFAS Acute Achilles Tendon Pathology Clinical Consensus Statement, Chicago, IL; Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA; Foot and Ankle Surgeon, Institute for Orthopaedics and Neurosciences, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA.
| | - Patrick Agnew
- Director of Podiatric Medical and Surgical Education, Associate Professor, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | | | - Paul Dayton
- Private Practice, Foot & Ankle Center of Iowa, Ankeny, IA
| | - Amber Shane
- Chair, Department of Podiatric Surgery, Advent Health System, Orlando, FL; Faculty, Advent Health East Orlando Podiatric Surgical Residency, Orlando, FL
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17
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Ackerman JE, Best KT, Muscat SN, Loiselle AE. Metabolic Regulation of Tendon Inflammation and Healing Following Injury. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021; 23:15. [PMID: 33569739 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-021-00981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review seeks to provide an overview of the role of inflammation and metabolism in tendon cell function, tendinopathy, and tendon healing. We have summarized the state of knowledge in both tendon and enthesis. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances in the field include a substantial improvement in our understanding of tendon cell biology, including the heterogeneity of the tenocyte environment during homeostasis, the diversity of the cellular milieu during in vivo tendon healing, and the effects of inflammation and altered metabolism on tendon cell function in vitro. In addition, the mechanisms by which altered systemic metabolism, such as diabetes, disrupts tendon homeostasis continue to be better understood. A central conclusion of this review is the critical need to better define fundamental cellular and signaling mechanisms of inflammation and metabolism during tendon homeostasis, tendinopathy, and tendon healing in order to identify therapies to enhance or maintain tendon function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Ackerman
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Katherine T Best
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Samantha N Muscat
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Alayna E Loiselle
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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18
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Souza M, Moraes SAS, de Paula DR, Maciel AA, Batista EJO, Silva DGF, Bahia CP, Oliveira KRHM, Herculano AM. Local treatment with ascorbic acid accelerates recovery of post-sutured Achilles tendon in male Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8290. [PMID: 31482998 PMCID: PMC6719343 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tendon rupture is a very frequent accident involving average people and high-performance athletes. Clinical studies describe tendon recovery as a painful and slow process involving different biochemical and histological events. Ascorbic acid (AA) is a potent antioxidant as well as an important cofactor for collagen synthesis. In the current study, we evaluated if local treatment with AA is able to promote tendon repair in tenotomized rats. Animals were submitted to Achilles tendon rupture followed by surgical suture. Control and AA groups received in loco injection of saline solution (0.9% NaCl) and 30 mM AA, respectively. Histological and functional recovery of Achilles tendon tissue was evaluated at 7, 14, and 21 days post-surgery. Hematoxylin/eosin staining and collagen fluorescence analysis showed intense disarrangement of tendon tissue in the saline group. Tenotomized animals also showed hypercellularity in tendon tissue compared with non-tenotomized animals. The Achilles functional index (AFI) showed a significant decrease of tendon functionality in tenotomized animals at 7, 14, and 21 days post-surgery. AA accelerated tissue organization and the recovery of function of the Achilles tendons. The beneficial effect of AA treatment was also observed in the organization of the collagen network. Data presented in the current work showed that in loco treatment with AA accelerated the recovery of injured Achilles tendon post-surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Souza
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - S A S Moraes
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil.,Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - D R de Paula
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil.,Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - A A Maciel
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil.,Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - E J O Batista
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil.,Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - D G F Silva
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - C P Bahia
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - K R H M Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - A M Herculano
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
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19
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Effects of Long-Term Physical Activity and Diet on Skin Glycation and Achilles Tendon Structure. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061409. [PMID: 31234508 PMCID: PMC6627972 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) accumulate with aging and have been associated with tissue modifications and metabolic disease. Regular exercise has several health benefits, and the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of regular long-term exercise and diet on skin autofluorescence (SAF) as a measure of glycation and on Achilles tendon structure. In connection with the 2017 European Masters Athletics Championships Stadia, high-level male athletes (n = 194) that had regularly trained for more than 10 years were recruited, in addition to untrained controls (n = 34). SAF was non-invasively determined using an AGE Reader. Achilles tendon thickness and vascular Doppler activity were measured by ultrasonography, and diet was assessed by a questionnaire. There was no significant difference in SAF between the athletes and controls. However, greater duration of exercise was independently associated with lower SAF. Diet also had an effect, with a more "Western" diet in youth being associated with increased SAF. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that greater Achilles tendon thickness was associated with aging and training. Together, our data indicate that long-term exercise may yield a modest reduction in glycation and substantially increase Achilles tendon size, which may protect against injury.
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20
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Izumi S, Otsuru S, Adachi N, Akabudike N, Enomoto-Iwamoto M. Control of glucose metabolism is important in tenogenic differentiation of progenitors derived from human injured tendons. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213912. [PMID: 30883580 PMCID: PMC6422258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism is altered in injured and healing tendons. However, the mechanism by which the glucose metabolism is involved in the pathogenesis of tendon healing process remains unclear. Injured tendons do not completely heal, and often induce fibrous scar and chondroid lesion. Because previous studies have shown that tendon progenitors play roles in tendon repair, we asked whether connective tissue progenitors appearing in injured tendons alter glucose metabolism during tendon healing process. We isolated connective tissue progenitors from the human injured tendons, obtained at the time of primary surgical repair of rupture or laceration. We first characterized the change in glucose metabolism by metabolomics analysis using [1,2-13C]-glucose using the cells isolated from the lacerated flexor tendon. The flux of glucose to the glycolysis pathway was increased in the connective tissue progenitors when they proceeded toward tenogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. The influx of glucose to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and biosynthesis of amino acids from the intermediates of the TCA cycle were strongly stimulated toward chondrogenic differentiation. When we treated the cultures with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), an inhibitor of glycolysis, 2DG inhibited chondrogenesis as characterized by accumulation of mucopolysaccharides and expression of AGGRECAN. Interestingly, 2DG strongly stimulated expression of tenogenic transcription factor genes, SCLERAXIS and MOHAWK under both chondrogenic and tenogenic differentiation conditions. The findings suggest that control of glucose metabolism is beneficial for tenogenic differentiation of connective tissue progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soutarou Izumi
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoru Otsuru
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nobuo Adachi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ngozi Akabudike
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MEI); (NA)
| | - Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MEI); (NA)
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21
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Studentsova V, Mora KM, Glasner MF, Buckley MR, Loiselle AE. Obesity/Type II Diabetes Promotes Function-limiting Changes in Murine Tendons that are not reversed by Restoring Normal Metabolic Function. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9218. [PMID: 29907811 PMCID: PMC6003963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II Diabetes (T2DM) negatively alters baseline tendon function, including decreased range of motion and mechanical properties; however, the biological mechanisms that promote diabetic tendinopathy are unknown. To facilitate identification of therapeutic targets we developed a novel murine model of diabetic tendinopathy. Mice fed a High Fat Diet (HFD) developed diet induced obesity and T2DM and demonstrated progressive impairments in tendon gliding function and mechanical properties, relative to mice fed a Low Fat Diet (LFD). We then determined if restoration of normal metabolic function, by switching mice from HFD to LFD, was sufficient to halt the pathological changes in tendon due to obesity/T2DM. However, switching from a HFD to LFD resulted in greater impairments in tendon gliding function than mice maintained on a HFD. Mechanistically, IRβ signaling is decreased in obese/T2DM murine tendons, suggesting altered IRβ signaling as a driver of diabetic tendinopathy. However, knock-down of IRβ expression in S100a4-lineage cells (IRcKOS100a4) was not sufficient to induce diabetic tendinopathy as no impairments in tendon gliding function or mechanical properties were observed in IRcKOS100a4, relative to WT. Collectively, these data define a murine model of diabetic tendinopathy, and demonstrate that restoring normal metabolism does not slow the progression of diabetic tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Studentsova
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Keshia M Mora
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Melissa F Glasner
- Cell Biology of Disease Graduate Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mark R Buckley
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Alayna E Loiselle
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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22
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Metabolic shift from glycogen to trehalose promotes lifespan and healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E2791-E2800. [PMID: 29511104 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714178115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As Western diets continue to include an ever-increasing amount of sugar, there has been a rise in obesity and type 2 diabetes. To avoid metabolic diseases, the body must maintain proper metabolism, even on a high-sugar diet. In both humans and Caenorhabditis elegans, excess sugar (glucose) is stored as glycogen. Here, we find that animals increased stored glycogen as they aged, whereas even young adult animals had increased stored glycogen on a high-sugar diet. Decreasing the amount of glycogen storage by modulating the C. elegans glycogen synthase, gsy-1, a key enzyme in glycogen synthesis, can extend lifespan, prolong healthspan, and limit the detrimental effects of a high-sugar diet. Importantly, limiting glycogen storage leads to a metabolic shift whereby glucose is now stored as trehalose. Two additional means to increase trehalose show similar longevity extension. Increased trehalose is entirely dependent on a functional FOXO transcription factor DAF-16 and autophagy to promote lifespan and healthspan extension. Our results reveal that when glucose is stored as glycogen, it is detrimental, whereas, when stored as trehalose, animals live a longer, healthier life if DAF-16 is functional. Taken together, these results demonstrate that trehalose modulation may be an avenue for combatting high-sugar-diet pathology.
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23
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Tenomodulin is essential for prevention of adipocyte accumulation and fibrovascular scar formation during early tendon healing. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3116. [PMID: 29022912 PMCID: PMC5682675 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tenomodulin (Tnmd) is the best-known mature marker for tendon and ligament lineage cells. It is important for tendon maturation, running performance and has key implications for the resident tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs). However, its exact functions during the tendon repair process still remain elusive. Here, we established an Achilles tendon injury model in a Tnmd knockout (Tnmd−/−) mouse line. Detailed analyses showed not only a very different scar organization with a clearly reduced cell proliferation and expression of certain tendon-related genes, but also increased cell apoptosis, adipocyte and blood vessel accumulation in the early phase of tendon healing compared with their wild-type (WT) littermates. In addition, Tnmd−/− tendon scar tissue contained augmented matrix deposition of biglycan, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (Comp) and fibronectin, altered macrophage profile and reduced numbers of CD146-positive cells. In vitro analysis revealed that Tnmd−/− TSPCs exhibited significantly reduced migration and proliferation potential compared with that of WT TSPCs. Furthermore, Tnmd−/− TSPCs had accelerated adipogenic differentiation accompanied with significantly increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ) and lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) mRNA levels. Thus, our results demonstrate that Tnmd is required for prevention of adipocyte accumulation and fibrovascular scar formation during early tendon healing.
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