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Li X, Chen B. Dynamics of multicellular swirling on micropatterned substrates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400804121. [PMID: 38900800 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400804121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Chirality plays a crucial role in biology, as it is highly conserved and fundamentally important in the developmental process. To better understand the relationship between the chirality of individual cells and that of tissues and organisms, we develop a generalized mechanics model of chiral polarized particles to investigate the swirling dynamics of cell populations on substrates. Our analysis reveals that cells with the same chirality can form distinct chiral patterns on ring-shaped or rectangular substrates. Interestingly, our studies indicate that an excessively strong or weak individual cellular chirality hinders the formation of such chiral patterns. Our studies also indicate that there exists the influence distance of substrate boundaries in chiral patterns. Smaller influence distances are observed when cell-cell interactions are weaker. Conversely, when cell-cell interactions are too strong, multiple cells tend to be stacked together, preventing the formation of chiral patterns on substrates in our analysis. Additionally, we demonstrate that the interaction between cells and substrate boundaries effectively controls the chiral distribution of cellular orientations on ring-shaped substrates. This research highlights the significance of coordinating boundary features, individual cellular chirality, and cell-cell interactions in governing the chiral movement of cell populations and provides valuable mechanics insights into comprehending the intricate connection between the chirality of single cells and that of tissues and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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2
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Guillaumin JB, Djerroudi L, Aubry JF, Tardivon A, Dizeux A, Tanter M, Vincent-Salomon A, Berthon B. Biopathologic Characterization and Grade Assessment of Breast Cancer With 3-D Multiparametric Ultrasound Combining Shear Wave Elastography and Backscatter Tensor Imaging. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2024; 50:474-483. [PMID: 38195266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite recent improvements in medical imaging, the final diagnosis and biopathologic characterization of breast cancers currently still requires biopsies. Ultrasound is commonly used for clinical examination of breast masses. B-Mode and shear wave elastography (SWE) are already widely used to detect suspicious masses and differentiate benign lesions from cancers. But additional ultrasound modalities such as backscatter tensor imaging (BTI) could provide relevant biomarkers related to tissue organization. Here we describe a 3-D multiparametric ultrasound approach applied to breast carcinomas in the aims of (i) validating the ability of BTI to reveal the underlying organization of collagen fibers and (ii) assessing the complementarity of SWE and BTI to reveal biopathologic features of diagnostic interest. METHODS Three-dimensional SWE and BTI were performed ex vivo on 64 human breast carcinoma samples using a linear ultrasound probe moved by a set of motors. Here we describe a 3-D multiparametric representation of the breast masses and quantitative measurements combining B-mode, SWE and BTI. RESULTS Our results reveal for the first time that BTI can capture the orientation of the collagen fibers around tumors. BTI was found to be a relevant marker for assessing cancer stages, revealing a more tangent tissue orientation for in situ carcinomas than for invasive cancers. In invasive cases, the combination of BTI and SWE parameters allowed for classification of invasive tumors with respect to their grade with an accuracy of 95.7%. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the potential of 3-D multiparametric ultrasound imaging for biopathologic characterization of breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Guillaumin
- Physics for Medicine Institute, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Inserm U1273, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-François Aubry
- Physics for Medicine Institute, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Inserm U1273, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris, France.
| | | | - Alexandre Dizeux
- Physics for Medicine Institute, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Inserm U1273, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris, France
| | - Mickaël Tanter
- Physics for Medicine Institute, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Inserm U1273, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris, France
| | | | - Béatrice Berthon
- Physics for Medicine Institute, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Inserm U1273, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris, France
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3
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Kitana W, Levario-Diaz V, Cavalcanti-Adam EA, Ionov L. Biofabrication of Composite Bioink-Nanofiber Constructs: Effect of Rheological Properties of Bioinks on 3D (Bio)Printing and Cells Interaction with Aligned Touch Spun Nanofibers. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303343. [PMID: 38009530 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on a novel approach for the fabrication of composite multilayered bioink-nanofibers construct. This work achieves this by using a hands-free 3D (bio)printing integrated touch-spinning approach. Additionally, this work investigates the interaction of fibroblasts in different bioinks with the highly aligned touch-spun nanofibers. This work conducts a comprehensive characterization of the rheological properties of the inks, starting with low-strain oscillatory rheology to analyze the viscoelastic behavior, when the material structure remains intact. Moreover, this work performs amplitude sweeps to investigate the stability of the inks under large deformations, rotational rheology to examine the shear thinning profile, and a three-step creep experiment to study time-dependent rheological behavior. The obtained rheological results are correlated to visual observation of the flow behavior of inks. These behaviors span from an ink with zero-shear viscosity, very weak shear thinning, and no thixotropic behavior to inks exhibiting flow stress, pronounced shear thinning, and thixotropy. It is demonstrated that inks have an essential effect on cell behavior. While all bioinks allow a preferred directionality of the fibroblasts along the fiber direction, cells tend to form aggregates in bioinks with higher viscosity, and a considerable number of agglomerates are observed in the presence of laponite-RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Kitana
- Professorship of Biofabrication, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig-Thoma-Straße 36A, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Victoria Levario-Diaz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Ada Cavalcanti-Adam
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Professorship of Cellular Biomechanics, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Leonid Ionov
- Professorship of Biofabrication, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig-Thoma-Straße 36A, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
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4
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Zhang HL, Sinha S, Cameron RE, Best SM. Mimicking Transmural Helical Cardiomyofibre Orientation Using Bouligand-like Pore Structures in Ice-Templated Collagen Scaffolds. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4420. [PMID: 38006145 PMCID: PMC10675392 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The helical arrangement of cardiac muscle fibres underpins the contractile properties of the heart chamber. Across the heart wall, the helical angle of the aligned fibres changes gradually across the range of 90-180°. It is essential to recreate this structural hierarchy in vitro for developing functional artificial tissue. Ice templating can achieve single-oriented pore alignment via unidirectional ice solidification with a flat base mould design. We hypothesise that the orientation of aligned pores can be controlled simply via base topography, and we propose a scalable base design to recapitulate the transmural fibre orientation. We have utilised finite element simulations for rapid testing of base designs, followed by experimental confirmation of the Bouligand-like orientation. X-ray microtomography of experimental samples showed a gradual shift of 106 ± 10°, with the flexibility to tailor pore size and spatial helical angle distribution for personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie L. Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Ruth E. Cameron
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Serena M. Best
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
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Pittman LA, Whittaker P, Milne ML, Chung CS. Collagenase treatment reduces the anisotropy of ultrasonic backscatter in rat myocardium by reducing collagen crosslinks. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15849. [PMID: 37960992 PMCID: PMC10643982 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of collagen deposition, degradation, and crosslinking in the heart occur in response to increased physiological stress. Collagen content has been associated with ultrasonic backscatter (brightness), and we have shown that the anisotropy of backscatter can be used to measure myofiber alignment, that is, variation in the brightness of a left ventricular short-axis ultrasound. This study investigated collagen's role in anisotropy of ultrasonic backscatter; female Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were treated with a collagenase-containing solution, for either 10 or 30 min, or control solution for 30 min. Serial ultrasound images were acquired at 2.5-min intervals throughout collagenase treatment. Ultrasonic backscatter was assessed from anterior and posterior walls, where collagen fibrils are predominately aligned perpendicular to the angle of insonification, and the lateral and septal walls, where collagen is predominately aligned parallel to the angle of insonification. Collagenase digestion reduced backscatter anisotropy within the myocardium. Collagen remains present in the myocardium throughout collagenase treatment, but crosslinking is altered within 10 min. These data suggest that crosslinking of collagen modulates the anisotropy of ultrasonic backscatter. An Anisotropy Index, derived from differences in backscatter from parallel and perpendicularly aligned fibers, may provide a noninvasive index to monitor the progression and state of myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michelle L. Milne
- Department of PhysicsSt Mary's College of MarylandSt Mary's CityMarylandUSA
| | - Charles S. Chung
- Department of PhysiologyWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
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Milan HFM, Almazloum AA, Bassani RA, Bassani JWM. Membrane polarization at the excitation threshold induced by external electric fields in cardiomyocytes of rats at different developmental stages. Med Biol Eng Comput 2023; 61:2637-2647. [PMID: 37405671 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-023-02868-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
External electric fields (E), used for cardiac pacing and defibrillation/cardioversion, induce a spatially variable change in cardiomyocyte transmembrane potential (ΔVm) that depends on cell geometry and E orientation. This study investigates E-induced ΔVm in cardiomyocytes from rats at different ages, which show marked size/geometry variation. Using a tridimensional numerical electromagnetic model recently proposed (NM3D), it was possible: (a) to evaluate the suitability of the simpler, prolate spheroid analytical model (PSAM) to calculate amplitude and location of ΔVm maximum (ΔVmax) for E = 1 V.cm-1; and (b) to estimate the ΔVmax required for excitation (ΔVT) from experimentally determined threshold E values (ET). Ventricular myocytes were isolated from neonatal, weaning, adult, and aging Wistar rats. NM3D was constructed as the extruded 2D microscopy cell image, while measured minor and major cell dimensions were used for PSAM. Acceptable ΔVm estimates can be obtained with PSAM from paralelepidal cells for small θ. ET, but not ΔVT, was higher for neonate cells. ΔVT was significantly greater in the cell from older animals, which indicate lower responsiveness to E associated with aging, rather than with altered cell geometry/dimensions. ΔVT might be used as a non-invasive indicator of cell excitability as it is little affected by cell geometry/size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo F M Milan
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Av. Albert Einstein 400, Campinas, SP, 13083-852, Brazil.
| | - Ahmad A Almazloum
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Av. Albert Einstein 400, Campinas, SP, 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Rosana A Bassani
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Av. Albert Einstein 400, Campinas, SP, 13083-852, Brazil
- LabNECC, Center for Biomedical Engineering (CEB), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Alexander Fleming 163, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-881, Brazil
| | - José W M Bassani
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Av. Albert Einstein 400, Campinas, SP, 13083-852, Brazil
- LabNECC, Center for Biomedical Engineering (CEB), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Alexander Fleming 163, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-881, Brazil
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Gibbs CE, Marchianó S, Zhang K, Yang X, Murry CE, Boyle PM. Graft-host coupling changes can lead to engraftment arrhythmia: a computational study. J Physiol 2023; 601:2733-2749. [PMID: 37014103 PMCID: PMC10901678 DOI: 10.1113/jp284244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
After myocardial infarction (MI), a significant portion of heart muscle is replaced with scar tissue, progressively leading to heart failure. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CM) offer a promising option for improving cardiac function after MI. However, hPSC-CM transplantation can lead to engraftment arrhythmia (EA). EA is a transient phenomenon arising shortly after transplantation then spontaneously resolving after a few weeks. The underlying mechanism of EA is unknown. We hypothesize that EA may be explained partially by time-varying, spatially heterogeneous, graft-host electrical coupling. Here, we created computational slice models derived from histological images that reflect different configuration of grafts in the infarcted ventricle. We ran simulations with varying degrees of connection imposed upon the graft-host perimeter to assess how heterogeneous electrical coupling affected EA with non-conductive scar, slow-conducting scar and scar replaced by host myocardium. We also quantified the effect of variation in intrinsic graft conductivity. Susceptibility to EA initially increased and subsequently decreased with increasing graft-host coupling, suggesting the waxing and waning of EA is regulated by progressive increases in graft-host coupling. Different spatial distributions of graft, host and scar yielded markedly different susceptibility curves. Computationally replacing non-conductive scar with host myocardium or slow-conducting scar, and increasing intrinsic graft conductivity both demonstrated potential means to blunt EA vulnerability. These data show how graft location, especially relative to scar, along with its dynamic electrical coupling to host, can influence EA burden; moreover, they offer a rational base for further studies aimed to define the optimal delivery of hPSC-CM injection. KEY POINTS: Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CM) hold great cardiac regenerative potential but can also cause engraftment arrhythmias (EA). Spatiotemporal evolution in the pattern of electrical coupling between injected hPSC-CMs and surrounding host myocardium may explain the dynamics of EA observed in large animal models. We conducted simulations in histology-derived 2D slice computational models to assess the effects of heterogeneous graft-host electrical coupling on EA propensity, with or without scar tissue. Our findings suggest spatiotemporally heterogeneous graft-host coupling can create an electrophysiological milieu that favours graft-initiated host excitation, a surrogate metric of EA susceptibility. Removing scar from our models reduced but did not abolish the propensity for this phenomenon. Conversely, reduced intra-graft electrical connectedness increased the incidence of graft-initiated host excitation. The computational framework created for this study can be used to generate new hypotheses, targeted delivery of hPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea E Gibbs
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Silvia Marchianó
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelly Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiulan Yang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Patrick M Boyle
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Cormack JM, Simon MA, Kim K. Backscatter tensor imaging and 3D speckle tracking for simultaneous ex vivo structure and deformation measurement of myocardium. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2023; 49:1238-1247. [PMID: 36858914 PMCID: PMC10050135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Biaxial mechanical testing is a common method for elucidation of mechanical properties of excised ventricular myocardium, especially in the context of structural remodeling that accompanies heart disease. Current imaging strategies in biaxial testing are based on optical camera imaging of the tissue surface, thus providing no information about the tissue microstructure and limiting strain measurements to two dimensions. Here, these limitations are overcome by replacing the camera with ultrasound imaging in order to measure both transmural fiber orientation and 3D tissue deformation during biaxial testing. METHODS Quasi-static biaxial mechanical testing is applied to four samples of excised porcine ventricular myocardium (two left- and two right-ventricular tissues). During testing, a rotational scan of an ultrasound linear array provides data for both backscatter tensor imaging and 3D speckle tracking, from which transmural fiber orientation and tissue deformation are computed, respectively. Ultrasound-derived fiber orientation and tissue strain are validated against histology and camera surface imaging, respectively. DISCUSSION Ultrasound-derived fiber angle and tissue strain exhibit good accuracy, with root-mean-square errors of 9.9° and 1.2% strain, respectively. Further investigation into the optimization of backscatter tensor imaging is warranted. Replacing the rotational scan of a linear array with volume imaging with a matrix array will improve the technique. CONCLUSION Ultrasound imaging can replace the optical camera measurement during biaxial mechanical testing of ventricular myocardium in order to accurately provide measurements of transmural fiber orientation and tissue strain. In situ knowledge of transmural fiber structure and tissue deformation can enhance the inverse problem used to determine tissue mechanical properties from biaxial testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Cormack
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261-1909, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
| | - Marc A Simon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Kang Kim
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261-1909, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
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Malik A, Baranger J, Nguyen MB, Slorach C, Hui W, Villalobos Lizardi JC, Venet M, Friedberg MK, Mertens L, Villemain O. Impact of Ventricular Geometric Characteristics on Myocardial Stiffness Assessment Using Shear-Wave Velocity in Healthy Children and Young Adults. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2023:S0894-7317(23)00093-7. [PMID: 36842514 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diastolic myocardial stiffness (MS) can serve as a key diagnostic parameter for congenital or acquired heart diseases. Using shear modulus and shear-wave velocity (SWV), shear-wave elastography (SWE) is an emerging ultrasound-based technique that can allow noninvasive assessment of MS. However, MS extrinsic parameters such as left ventricular geometric characteristics could affect shear-wave propagation. The aims of this study were to determine a range of normal values of MS using SWE in age groups of healthy children and young adults and to explore the impact of left ventricular geometric characteristics on SWE. METHODS Sixty healthy volunteers were recruited in the study and divided into 2 groups: neonates (0-1 months old, n = 15) and >1 month old (1 month to 45 years of age, n = 45). SWE was performed using the Verasonics Vantage systems with a phased-array ultrasound probe. The anteroseptal basal segment was assessed in two views. SWE was electrocardiographically triggered during the end-diastolic phase. Conventional echocardiography was performed to assess ventricular function and anatomy. Results are presented as stiffness values along with mean velocity measurements and SDs. Simple and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS For neonates, mean MS was 1.87 ± 0.79 kPa (range, 0.59-2.91 kPa; mean SWV, 1.37 ± 0.57 m/sec), with high variability and no correlation with age (P = .239). For this age group, no statistically significant correlation was found between MS and any demographic or echocardiographic parameters (P > .05). For the >1 month old group, a mean MS value of 1.67 ± 0.53 kPa was observed (range, 0.6-3 kPa; mean SWV, 1.29 ± 0.49 m/sec) for healthy volunteers. When paired for age, no sex-related difference was observed (P = .55). In univariate linear regression analysis, age (r = 0.83, P < .01), diastolic interventricular septal thickness (r = 0.72, P < .01), and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (r = 0.67, P < .01) were the parameters with the highest correlation coefficients with MS. In a multiple linear regression analysis incorporating these three parameters as cofounding factors, age was the only statistically significant parameters (r = 0.81, P = .02). CONCLUSION Diastolic MS increases linearly in children and young adults. Diastolic MS correlates more robustly with age than with myocardial and left ventricular geometric characteristics. However, the geometry affects SWV, implying the need to determine well-established boundaries in future studies for the clinical application of SWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimen Malik
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jerome Baranger
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Minh Bao Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cameron Slorach
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Hui
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - José Carlos Villalobos Lizardi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maelys Venet
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark K Friedberg
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luc Mertens
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivier Villemain
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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10
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Sebastian JA, Strohm EM, Baranger J, Villemain O, Kolios MC, Simmons CA. Assessing engineered tissues and biomaterials using ultrasound imaging: In vitro and in vivo applications. Biomaterials 2023; 296:122054. [PMID: 36842239 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative assessment of the structural, functional, and mechanical properties of engineered tissues and biomaterials is fundamental to their development for regenerative medicine applications. Ultrasound (US) imaging is a non-invasive, non-destructive, and cost-effective technique capable of longitudinal and quantitative monitoring of tissue structure and function across centimeter to sub-micron length scales. Here we present the fundamentals of US to contextualize its application for the assessment of biomaterials and engineered tissues, both in vivo and in vitro. We review key studies that demonstrate the versatility and broad capabilities of US for clinical and pre-clinical biomaterials research. Finally, we highlight emerging techniques that further extend the applications of US, including for ultrafast imaging of biomaterials and engineered tissues in vivo and functional monitoring of stem cells, organoids, and organ-on-a-chip systems in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Sebastian
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Center for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Eric M Strohm
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Center for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jérôme Baranger
- Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Olivier Villemain
- Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael C Kolios
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), A Partnership Between Toronto Metropolitan University and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Craig A Simmons
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Center for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Dejea H, Schlepütz CM, Méndez-Carmona N, Arnold M, Garcia-Canadilla P, Longnus SL, Stampanoni M, Bijnens B, Bonnin A. A tomographic microscopy-compatible Langendorff system for the dynamic structural characterization of the cardiac cycle. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1023483. [PMID: 36620622 PMCID: PMC9815149 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1023483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardiac architecture has been extensively investigated ex vivo using a broad spectrum of imaging techniques. Nevertheless, the heart is a dynamic system and the structural mechanisms governing the cardiac cycle can only be unveiled when investigating it as such. Methods This work presents the customization of an isolated, perfused heart system compatible with synchrotron-based X-ray phase contrast imaging (X-PCI). Results Thanks to the capabilities of the developed setup, it was possible to visualize a beating isolated, perfused rat heart for the very first time in 4D at an unprecedented 2.75 μm pixel size (10.6 μm spatial resolution), and 1 ms temporal resolution. Discussion The customized setup allows high-spatial resolution studies of heart architecture along the cardiac cycle and has thus the potential to serve as a tool for the characterization of the structural dynamics of the heart, including the effects of drugs and other substances able to modify the cardiac cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Dejea
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Hector Dejea ✉
| | | | - Natalia Méndez-Carmona
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland,Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Arnold
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland,Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Garcia-Canadilla
- BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Cardiovascular Diseases and Child Development, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Sarah L. Longnus
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland,Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marco Stampanoni
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bart Bijnens
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anne Bonnin
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
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12
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Fixsen LS, Lopata RGP. Ultrasound-Based Estimation of Fibre-Directional Strain: A Simulation Study. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2022; 48:1785-1796. [PMID: 35764454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) strains are typically represented with respect to the imaging axes. Contraction within the myocardium occurs along myofibres, which vary in orientation. Therefore, a mismatch exists between the direction in which strain is calculated and that in which contraction occurs. In this study, ultrasound-based fibre orientation and 3-D strain estimation were combined to calculate the fibre-directional strain. Three-dimensional ultrasound volumes were created by simulating simple geometrical phantoms and a phantom based on a finite-element (FE) model of LV mechanics. Fibre-like structures were embedded within tissue-mimicking scatterers. Strains were applied to the numerical phantom, whereas the FE phantom was deformed based on the LV model. Fibre orientation was accurately estimated for both phantoms. There was poor agreement in axial and elevational strains (root mean square error = 29.9% and 12.3%), but good agreement in lateral and fibre-directional strains (root mean square error = 6.4% and 5.9% respectively), which aligned in the midwall. Simplifications to reduce computational complexity caused poor axial and elevational strain estimation. However, calculation of fibre-directional strain from single-modality ultrasound volumes was successful. Further studies, in ex vivo setups because of the fundamental limitations of currently available transducers, are needed to verify real-world performance of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis S Fixsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Richard G P Lopata
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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13
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Cormack JM, Simon MA, Kim K. Refraction-corrected backscatter tensor imaging of excised porcine ventricular myocardium. JASA EXPRESS LETTERS 2022; 2:092001. [PMID: 36182344 PMCID: PMC9478901 DOI: 10.1121/10.0014034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Backscatter tensor imaging (BTI) is performed on excised porcine right- and left-ventricular myocardium to estimate the transmural myofiber orientation. Calculation of the backscatter spatial coherence employs measured sound speeds of the myocardium and the fluid that separates the tissue from the imaging array to account for effects of refraction during the delay-and-sum beamforming calculation. Compared to the assumption of a homogeneous sound speed in the imaging region, accounting for refraction yields significantly increased average spatial coherence as well as contrast of spatial coherence between the along- and across-fiber directions, thus improving sensitivity of BTI for myofiber orientation estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Cormack
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Marc A Simon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94117, USA , ,
| | - Kang Kim
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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14
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Guillaumin JB, Djerroudi L, Aubry JF, Tardivon A, Tanter M, Vincent-Salomon A, Berthon B. Proof of Concept of 3-D Backscatter Tensor Imaging Tomography for Non-invasive Assessment of Human Breast Cancer Collagen Organization. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2022; 48:1867-1878. [PMID: 35752513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor growth, similarly to several other pathologies, tends to change the structural orientation of soft tissue fibers, which can become relevant markers for diagnosis. Current diagnosis protocols may require a biopsy for histological analysis, which is an invasive, painful and stressful procedure with a minimum turnaround time of 2 d. Otherwise, diagnosis may involve the use of complex methods with limited availability such as diffusion tensor imaging (magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging), which is not widely used in medical practice. Conversely, advanced methodologies in ultrasound imaging such as backscatter tensor imaging (BTI) might become a routine procedure in clinical practice at a limited cost. This method evaluates the local organization of soft tissues based on the spatial coherence of their backscattered ultrasonic echoes. Previous work has proven that BTI applied with matrix probes enables measurement of the orientation of soft tissue fibers, especially in the myocardium. The aims of the study described here were (i) to present for the first time a methodology for performing BTI in a volume on ex vivo human breast tumors using a linear probe and (ii) to display a first proof of concept of the link between BTI measurements and the orientation of collagen fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Guillaumin
- Physics for Medicine Paris, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Inserm U1273, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-François Aubry
- Physics for Medicine Paris, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Inserm U1273, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris, France.
| | | | - Mickaël Tanter
- Physics for Medicine Paris, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Inserm U1273, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris, France
| | | | - Béatrice Berthon
- Physics for Medicine Paris, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Inserm U1273, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris, France
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15
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Wilson AJ, Sands GB, LeGrice IJ, Young AA, Ennis DB. Myocardial mesostructure and mesofunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H257-H275. [PMID: 35657613 PMCID: PMC9273275 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00059.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The complex and highly organized structural arrangement of some five billion cardiomyocytes directs the coordinated electrical activity and mechanical contraction of the human heart. The characteristic transmural change in cardiomyocyte orientation underlies base-to-apex shortening, circumferential shortening, and left ventricular torsion during contraction. Individual cardiomyocytes shorten ∼15% and increase in diameter ∼8%. Remarkably, however, the left ventricular wall thickens by up to 30-40%. To accommodate this, the myocardium must undergo significant structural rearrangement during contraction. At the mesoscale, collections of cardiomyocytes are organized into sheetlets, and sheetlet shear is the fundamental mechanism of rearrangement that produces wall thickening. Herein, we review the histological and physiological studies of myocardial mesostructure that have established the sheetlet shear model of wall thickening. Recent developments in tissue clearing techniques allow for imaging of whole hearts at the cellular scale, whereas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) can image the myocardium at the mesoscale (100 µm to 1 mm) to resolve cardiomyocyte orientation and organization. Through histology, cardiac diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and other modalities, mesostructural sheetlets have been confirmed in both animal and human hearts. Recent in vivo cardiac DTI methods have measured reorientation of sheetlets during the cardiac cycle. We also examine the role of pathological cardiac remodeling on sheetlet organization and reorientation, and the impact this has on ventricular function and dysfunction. We also review the unresolved mesostructural questions and challenges that may direct future work in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Wilson
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Gregory B Sands
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ian J LeGrice
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alistair A Young
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel B Ennis
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Veterans Administration Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
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16
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Long J, Trahey G, Bottenus N. Spatial Coherence in Medical Ultrasound: A Review. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2022; 48:975-996. [PMID: 35282988 PMCID: PMC9067166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Traditional pulse-echo ultrasound imaging heavily relies on the discernment of signals based on their relative magnitudes but is limited in its ability to mitigate sources of image degradation, the most prevalent of which is acoustic clutter. Advances in computing power and data storage have made it possible for echo data to be alternatively analyzed through the lens of spatial coherence, a measure of the similarity of these signals received across an array. Spatial coherence is not currently explicitly calculated on diagnostic ultrasound scanners but a large number of studies indicate that it can be employed to describe image quality, to adaptively select system parameters and to improve imaging and target detection. With the additional insights provided by spatial coherence, it is poised to play a significant role in the future of medical ultrasound. This review details the theory of spatial coherence in pulse-echo ultrasound and key advances made over the last few decades since its introduction in the 1980s.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Long
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Gregg Trahey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nick Bottenus
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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17
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Demeulenaere O, Bertolo A, Pezet S, Ialy-Radio N, Osmanski B, Papadacci C, Tanter M, Deffieux T, Pernot M. In vivo whole brain microvascular imaging in mice using transcranial 3D Ultrasound Localization Microscopy. EBioMedicine 2022; 79:103995. [PMID: 35460988 PMCID: PMC9048085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-invasive high-resolution imaging of the cerebral vascular anatomy and function is key for the study of intracranial aneurysms, stenosis, arteriovenous malformations, and stroke, but also neurological pathologies, such as degenerative diseases. Direct visualization of the microvascular networks in the whole brain remains however challenging in vivo. Methods In this work, we performed 3D ultrafast ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) using a 2D ultrasound matrix array and mapped the whole-brain microvasculature and flow at microscopic resolution in C57Bl6 mice in vivo. Findings We demonstrated that the mouse brain vasculature can be imaged directly through the intact skull at a spatial resolution of 20 µm and over the whole brain depth and at high temporal resolution (750 volumes.s−1). Individual microbubbles were tracked to estimate the flow velocities that ranged from 2 mm.s−1 in arterioles and venules up to 100 mm.s−1 in large vessels. The vascular maps were registered automatically with the Allen atlas in order to extract quantitative vascular parameters such as local flow rates and velocities in regions of interest. Interpretation We show the potential of 3D ULM to provide new insights into whole-brain vascular flow in mice models at unprecedented vascular scale for an in vivo technique. This technology is highly translational and has the potential to become a major tool for the clinical investigation of the cerebral microcirculation. Funding This study was supported by the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP/2007-2013) / ERC Grant Agreement n° 311025 and by the Fondation Bettencourt-Schueller under the program “Physics for Medicine”. We acknowledge the ART (Technological Research Accelerator) biomedical ultrasound program of INSERM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Demeulenaere
- Physics for Medicine, ESPCI, Inserm, CNRS, Institute of Physics for Medicine Paris, PSL University, ESPCI Paris, 17 rue Moreau, Paris 75012, France
| | - Adrien Bertolo
- Physics for Medicine, ESPCI, Inserm, CNRS, Institute of Physics for Medicine Paris, PSL University, ESPCI Paris, 17 rue Moreau, Paris 75012, France; Iconeus, Paris 75014, France
| | - Sophie Pezet
- Physics for Medicine, ESPCI, Inserm, CNRS, Institute of Physics for Medicine Paris, PSL University, ESPCI Paris, 17 rue Moreau, Paris 75012, France
| | - Nathalie Ialy-Radio
- Physics for Medicine, ESPCI, Inserm, CNRS, Institute of Physics for Medicine Paris, PSL University, ESPCI Paris, 17 rue Moreau, Paris 75012, France
| | | | - Clément Papadacci
- Physics for Medicine, ESPCI, Inserm, CNRS, Institute of Physics for Medicine Paris, PSL University, ESPCI Paris, 17 rue Moreau, Paris 75012, France
| | - Mickael Tanter
- Physics for Medicine, ESPCI, Inserm, CNRS, Institute of Physics for Medicine Paris, PSL University, ESPCI Paris, 17 rue Moreau, Paris 75012, France
| | - Thomas Deffieux
- Physics for Medicine, ESPCI, Inserm, CNRS, Institute of Physics for Medicine Paris, PSL University, ESPCI Paris, 17 rue Moreau, Paris 75012, France
| | - Mathieu Pernot
- Physics for Medicine, ESPCI, Inserm, CNRS, Institute of Physics for Medicine Paris, PSL University, ESPCI Paris, 17 rue Moreau, Paris 75012, France.
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18
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Rodriguez Padilla J, Petras A, Magat J, Bayer J, Bihan-Poudec Y, El-Hamrani D, Ramlugun G, Neic A, Augustin C, Vaillant F, Constantin M, Benoist D, Pourtau L, Dubes V, Rogier J, Labrousse L, Bernus O, Quesson B, Haissaguerre M, Gsell M, Plank G, Ozenne V, Vigmond E. Impact of Intraventricular Septal Fiber Orientation on Cardiac Electromechanical Function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H936-H952. [PMID: 35302879 PMCID: PMC9109800 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00050.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fiber direction is an important factor determining the propagation of electrical activity, as well as the development of mechanical force. In this article, we imaged the ventricles of several species with special attention to the intraventricular septum to determine the functional consequences of septal fiber organization. First, we identified a dual-layer organization of the fiber orientation in the intraventricular septum of ex vivo sheep hearts using diffusion tensor imaging at high field MRI. To expand the scope of the results, we investigated the presence of a similar fiber organization in five mammalian species (rat, canine, pig, sheep, and human) and highlighted the continuity of the layer with the moderator band in large mammalian species. We implemented the measured septal fiber fields in three-dimensional electromechanical computer models to assess the impact of the fiber orientation. The downward fibers produced a diamond activation pattern superficially in the right ventricle. Electromechanically, there was very little change in pressure volume loops although the stress distribution was altered. In conclusion, we clarified that the right ventricular septum has a downwardly directed superficial layer in larger mammalian species, which can have modest effects on stress distribution. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A dual-layer organization of the fiber orientation in the intraventricular septum was identified in ex vivo hearts of large mammals. The RV septum has a downwardly directed superficial layer that is continuous with the moderator band. Electrically, it produced a diamond activation pattern. Electromechanically, little change in pressure volume loops were noticed but stress distribution was altered. Fiber distribution derived from diffusion tensor imaging should be considered for an accurate strain and stress analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Argyrios Petras
- Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics (RICAM), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Linz, Austria
| | - Julie Magat
- Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jason Bayer
- Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, IMB, UMR 5251, Talence, France
| | - Yann Bihan-Poudec
- Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive, CNRS UMR 5229, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, France
| | - Dounia El-Hamrani
- Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Girish Ramlugun
- Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurel Neic
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Augustin
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Fanny Vaillant
- Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marion Constantin
- Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - David Benoist
- Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Line Pourtau
- Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Virginie Dubes
- Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Olivier Bernus
- Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bruno Quesson
- Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Matthias Gsell
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Plank
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Valéry Ozenne
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Edward Vigmond
- Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, IMB, UMR 5251, Talence, France
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19
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Bae S, Kim BH, Alizad A, Fatemi M, Song TK. Experimental Study of Aperiodic Plane Wave Imaging for Ultrafast 3-D Ultrasound Imaging. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2022; 69:2679-2690. [PMID: 35180073 PMCID: PMC9620471 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3152212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although plane wave imaging (PWI) with multiple plane waves (PWs) steered at different angles enables ultrafast three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasonic imaging, there is still a challenging tradeoff between image quality and frame rate. To address this challenge, we recently proposed the aperiodic PWI (APWI) with mathematical analysis and simulation study. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of APWI and evaluate the performance with phantom and in vivo experiments. METHODS APWI with a concentric ring angle pattern (APWI-C) and APWI with a sunflower pattern (APWI-S) are evaluated. For experimental verification of the methods, the experimental results are compared with simulation results in terms of the mainlobe-to-sidelobe ratio. In addition, the performance of APWI is compared with that of conventional PWI by using a commercial phantom. To examine the potential for clinical use of APWI, a gallstone-mimicking phantom study and an in vivo carotid artery experiment are also conducted. RESULTS In the phantom study, the APWI methods provide a contrast ratio approximately 23 dB higher than that of PWI. In a gallstone mimicking experiment, the proposed methods yield 3-D rendered stone images more similar to the real stones than PWI. In the in vivo carotid artery images, APWI reduces the clutter artifacts inside the artery. CONCLUSION Phantom and in vivo studies show that the APWI enhances the contrast without compromising the spatial resolution and frame rate. SIGNIFICANCE This study experimentally demonstrates the feasibility and advantage of APWI for ultrafast 3-D ultrasonic imaging.
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20
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Ex Vivo Evaluation of Mechanical Anisotropic Tissues with High-Frequency Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22030978. [PMID: 35161728 PMCID: PMC8838528 DOI: 10.3390/s22030978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of imaging devices to assess directional mechanics of tissues is highly desirable. This is because the directional mechanics depend on fiber orientation, and altered directional mechanics are closely related to the pathological status of tissues. However, measuring directional mechanics in tissues with high-stiffness is challenging due to the difficulty of generating localized displacement in these tissues using acoustic radiation force, a general method for generating displacement in ultrasound-based elastography. In addition, common ultrasound probes do not provide rotational function, which makes the measurement of directional mechanics inaccurate and unreliable. Therefore, we developed a high-frequency ultrasound mechanical wave elastography system that can accommodate a wide range of tissue stiffness and is also equipped with a motorized rotation stage for precise imaging of directional mechanics. A mechanical shaker was applied to the elastography system to measure tissues with high-stiffness. Phantom and ex vivo experiments were performed. In the phantom experiments, the lateral and axial resolution of the system were determined to be 144 μm and 168 μm, respectively. In the ex vivo experiments, we used swine heart and cartilage, both of which are considered stiff. The elastography system allows us to acquire the directional mechanics with high angular resolution in the heart and cartilage. The results demonstrate that the developed elastography system is capable of imaging a wide range of tissues and has high angular resolution. Therefore, this system might be useful for the diagnostics of mechanically anisotropic tissues via ex vivo tests.
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21
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Loppini A, Erhardt J, Fenton FH, Filippi S, Hörning M, Gizzi A. Optical Ultrastructure of Large Mammalian Hearts Recovers Discordant Alternans by In Silico Data Assimilation. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 2:866101. [PMID: 36926104 PMCID: PMC10012998 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2022.866101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding and predicting the mechanisms promoting the onset and sustainability of cardiac arrhythmias represent a primary concern in the scientific and medical communities still today. Despite the long-lasting effort in clinical and physico-mathematical research, a critical aspect to be fully characterized and unveiled is represented by spatiotemporal alternans patterns of cardiac excitation. The identification of discordant alternans and higher-order alternating rhythms by advanced data analyses as well as their prediction by reliable mathematical models represents a major avenue of research for a broad and multidisciplinary scientific community. Current limitations concern two primary aspects: 1) robust and general-purpose feature extraction techniques and 2) in silico data assimilation within reliable and predictive mathematical models. Here, we address both aspects. At first, we extend our previous works on Fourier transformation imaging (FFI), applying the technique to whole-ventricle fluorescence optical mapping. Overall, we identify complex spatial patterns of voltage alternans and characterize higher-order rhythms by a frequency-series analysis. Then, we integrate the optical ultrastructure obtained by FFI analysis within a fine-tuned electrophysiological mathematical model of the cardiac action potential. We build up a novel data assimilation procedure demonstrating its reliability in reproducing complex alternans patterns in two-dimensional computational domains. Finally, we prove that the FFI approach applied to both experimental and simulated signals recovers the same information, thus closing the loop between the experiment, data analysis, and numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Loppini
- Nonlinear Physics and Mathematical Modeling Laboratory, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Julia Erhardt
- Biobased Materials Laboratory, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Faculty of Energy, Process and Biotechnology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Flavio H Fenton
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Simonetta Filippi
- Nonlinear Physics and Mathematical Modeling Laboratory, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcel Hörning
- Biobased Materials Laboratory, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Faculty of Energy, Process and Biotechnology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alessio Gizzi
- Nonlinear Physics and Mathematical Modeling Laboratory, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
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22
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Reid JA, Dwyer KD, Schmitt PR, Soepriatna AH, Coulombe KLK, Callanan A. Architected fibrous scaffolds for engineering anisotropic tissues. Biofabrication 2021; 13:10.1088/1758-5090/ac0fc9. [PMID: 34186522 PMCID: PMC8686077 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac0fc9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mimicking the native three-dimensional microenvironment is of crucial importance when biofabricating a new healthcare material. One aspect of the native tissue that is often omitted when designing a suitable scaffold is its anisotropy. Not only is matching native mechanical properties important when designing implantable scaffolds or healthcare materials, but matching physiological structure is also important as many cell populations respond differently to fiber orientation. Therefore, novel aligned electrospun scaffolds with varying fiber angles and spacing of bundles were created and mechanically characterized. Through controlling the angle between the fibers in each layer of the scaffold, a range of different physiological anisotropic mechanical properties were achieved that encompasses values found in native tissues. Extrapolation of this mechanical data allowed for any native tissue's anisotropic Young's modulus to be mimicked by electrospinning fibers at a particular angle. These electrospun scaffolds were then incorporated with cell-laden hydrogels to create hybrid structures that contain the benefits of both scaffolding techniques with the ability to encapsulate cells in the hydrogel. To conclude, this study develops a novel bundled fiber scaffold that was architected to yield anisotropic properties matching native tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Alexander Reid
- Institure for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States of America
- Joint first authorship
| | - Kiera D Dwyer
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States of America
- Joint first authorship
| | - Phillip R Schmitt
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States of America
| | - Arvin H Soepriatna
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States of America
| | - Kareen LK Coulombe
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States of America
| | - Anthony Callanan
- Institure for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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23
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Dwyer KD, Coulombe KL. Cardiac mechanostructure: Using mechanics and anisotropy as inspiration for developing epicardial therapies in treating myocardial infarction. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2198-2220. [PMID: 33553810 PMCID: PMC7822956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical environment and anisotropic structure of the heart modulate cardiac function at the cellular, tissue and organ levels. During myocardial infarction (MI) and subsequent healing, however, this landscape changes significantly. In order to engineer cardiac biomaterials with the appropriate properties to enhance function after MI, the changes in the myocardium induced by MI must be clearly identified. In this review, we focus on the mechanical and structural properties of the healthy and infarcted myocardium in order to gain insight about the environment in which biomaterial-based cardiac therapies are expected to perform and the functional deficiencies caused by MI that the therapy must address. From this understanding, we discuss epicardial therapies for MI inspired by the mechanics and anisotropy of the heart focusing on passive devices, which feature a biomaterials approach, and active devices, which feature robotic and cellular components. Through this review, a detailed analysis is provided in order to inspire further development and translation of epicardial therapies for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiera D. Dwyer
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kareen L.K. Coulombe
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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24
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Mazierli D, Ramalli A, Boni E, Guidi F. Architecture for an Ultrasound Advanced Open Platform With an Arbitrary Number of Independent Channels. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2021; 15:486-496. [PMID: 33956633 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2021.3077664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound open platforms are programmable and flexible tools for the development and test of novel methods. In most cases, they embed the electronics for the independent control of (maximum) 256 probe elements. However, a higher number of channels is needed for the control of 2-D array probes. This paper presents a system architecture that, through the hardware and software synchronization of multiple ULA-OP 256 scanners, may implement advanced open platforms with an arbitrary number of channels. The proposed solution needs a single personal computer, maintains real-time features, and preserves portability. A prototype demonstrator, composed of two ULA-OP 256 scanners connected to 512 elements of a matrix array, was implemented and tested according to different channel configurations. Experiments performed under MATLAB control confirmed that by doubling the number of elements (from 256 to 512) the signal-to-noise and contrast ratios improve by 9 dB and 3 dB, respectively. Furthermore, as a full 512-channel scanner, the demonstrator can produce real-time B-mode images at 18 Hz, high enough for probe positioning during acquisitions. Also, the demonstrator permitted the implementation of a new high frame rate, bi-plane, triplex modality. All probe elements are excited to simultaneously produce two planar, perpendicular diverging waves. Each scanner independently processes the echoes received by the 256 connected elements to beamform 1300 frames per second. For each insonified plane, good quality morphological (B-mode), qualitative (color flow-), and quantitative (spectral-) Doppler images are finally shown in real-time by a dedicated interface.
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25
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Yociss M, Fei B. GPU-Based Simulation of Echocardiography Volumes Using Quantitative Fiber-Angle-to-Backscatter Measurements. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 11602:116020U. [PMID: 35756345 PMCID: PMC9232193 DOI: 10.1117/12.2581962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The intensity of backscattered ultrasound signal from heart muscle is known to be related to the angle between cardiac fibers and the insonification direction. In this work, a GPU-based method of simulating three-dimensional (3D) echocardiographic images from an empirically derived angle-to-backscatter relationship is developed and validated. Images of a rotating fiber phantom are simulated, and it is validated that the angle-to-backscatter relationship is accurately reflected by the simulated envelope data. In a second experiment, echocardiography images are simulated from a diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) volume of a canine heart to demonstrate that the method produces view-dependent speckle. 3D volumes of a parametrically generated ideal left ventricle phantom are also simulated and processed into fiber orientation maps using the underlying quantitative parameters. Images are simulated based on the characteristics of a 35-by-32 two-dimensional (2D) matrix array probe and a clinical one-dimensional (1D) phased array probe. The processed fiber volumes exhibit good agreement with the virtual phantom's ground truth, having an average acute angle error (AAE) of less than 10 degrees for both probes. The simulation method is fast and opens a new approach for ultrasound fiber imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Yociss
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering, Richardson, TX
| | - Baowei Fei
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering, Richardson, TX
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Dallas, TX
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26
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Velichko A, Villaverde EL, Croxford AJ. Local scattering ultrasound imaging. Sci Rep 2021; 11:993. [PMID: 33441728 PMCID: PMC7806797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79617-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonic imaging is a widely used tool for detection, localisation and characterisation of material inhomogeneities with important applications in many fields. This task is particularly challenging when imaging in a complex medium, where the ultrasonic wave is scattered by the material microstructure, preventing detection and characterisation of weak targets. Fundamentally, the maximum information that can be experimentally obtained from each material region consists of a set of reflected signals for different incident waves. However, these data are not directly accessible from the raw measurements, which represent a superposition of reflections from all scatterers in the medium. Here we show, that a complete set of transmitter–receiver data encodes sufficient information in order to achieve full spatio–temporal separation of transmitter–receiver data, corresponding to different local scattering areas. We show that access to the local scattering data can provide valuable benefits for many applications. More importantly, this technique enables fundamentally new approaches, exploiting the angular distribution of the scattering amplitude and phase of each local scattering region. Here we demonstrate how the local scattering directivity can be used to build the local scattering image, releasing the full potential and richness of the transmit–receive data. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the detection of small inclusions in various highly scattering materials using numerical and experimental examples. The described principles are very general and can be applied to any research field where the phased array technology is employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Velichko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK.
| | | | - Anthony J Croxford
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
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27
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Mojumder J, Choy J, Leng S, Zhong L, Kassab G, Lee L. Mechanical stimuli for left ventricular growth during pressure overload. EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS 2021; 61:131-146. [PMID: 33746236 PMCID: PMC7968380 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-020-00643-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanical stimulus (i.e. stress or stretch) for growth occurring in the pressure-overloaded left ventricle (LV) is not exactly known. OBJECTIVE To address this issue, we investigate the correlation between local ventricular growth (indexed by local wall thickness) and the local acute changes in mechanical stimuli after aortic banding. METHODS LV geometric data were extracted from 3D echo measurements at baseline and 2 weeks in the aortic banding swine model (n = 4). We developed and calibrated animal-specific finite element (FE) model of LV mechanics against pressure and volume waveforms measured at baseline. After the simulation of the acute effects of pressure-overload, the local changes of maximum, mean and minimum myocardial stretches and stresses in three orthogonal material directions (i.e., fiber, sheet and sheet-normal) over a cardiac cycle were quantified. Correlation between mechanical quantities and the corresponding measured local changes in wall thickness was quantified using the Pearson correlation number (PCN) and Spearman rank correlation number (SCN). RESULTS At 2 weeks after banding, the average septum thickness decreased from 10.6 ± 2.92mm to 9.49 ± 2.02mm, whereas the LV free-wall thickness increased from 8.69 ± 1.64mm to 9.4 ± 1.22mm. The FE results show strong correlation of growth with the changes in maximum fiber stress (PCN = 0.5471, SCN = 0.5111) and changes in the mean sheet-normal stress (PCN= 0.5266, SCN = 0.5256). Myocardial stretches, however, do not have good correlation with growth. CONCLUSION These results suggest that fiber stress is the mechanical stimuli for LV growth in pressure-overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Mojumder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - J.S. Choy
- California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - S. Leng
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - L. Zhong
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore
| | - G.S. Kassab
- California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - L.C. Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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28
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Papadacci C, Finel V, Villemain O, Tanter M, Pernot M. 4D Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging of Naturally Occurring Shear Waves in the Human Heart. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2020; 39:4436-4444. [PMID: 32857692 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2020.3020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objectives were to develop a novel three-dimensional technology for imaging naturally occurring shear wave (SW) propagation, demonstrate feasibility on human volunteers and quantify SW velocity in different propagation directions. Imaging of natural SWs generated by valve closures has emerged to obtain a direct measurement of cardiac stiffness. Recently, natural SW velocity was assessed in two dimensions on parasternal long axis view under the assumption of a propagation direction along the septum. However, in this approach the source localization and the complex three-dimensional propagation wave path was neglected making the speed estimation unreliable. High volume rate transthoracic acquisitions of the human left ventricle (1100 volume/s) was performed with a 4D ultrafast echocardiographic scanner. Four-dimensional tissue velocity cineloops enabled visualization of aortic and mitral valve closure waves. Energy and time of flight mapping allowed propagation path visualization and source localization, respectively. Velocities were quantified along different directions. Aortic and mitral valve closure SW velocities were assessed for the three volunteers with low standard deviation. Anisotropic propagation was also found suggesting the necessity of using a three-dimensional imaging approach. Different velocities were estimated for the three directions for the aortic (3.4± 0.1 m/s, 3.5± 0.3 m/s, 5.4± 0.7 m/s) and the mitral (2.8± 0.5 m/s, 2.9± 0.3 m/s, 4.6± 0.7 m/s) valve SWs. 4D ultrafast ultrasound alleviates the limitations of 2D ultrafast ultrasound for cardiac SW imaging based on natural SW propagations and enables a comprehensive measurement of cardiac stiffness. This technique could provide stiffness mapping of the left ventricle.
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29
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Nguyen TD, Kadri OE, Voronov RS. An Introductory Overview of Image-Based Computational Modeling in Personalized Cardiovascular Medicine. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:529365. [PMID: 33102452 PMCID: PMC7546862 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.529365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases account for the number one cause of deaths in the world. Part of the reason for such grim statistics is our limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms causing these devastating pathologies, which is made difficult by the invasiveness of the procedures associated with their diagnosis (e.g., inserting catheters into the coronal artery to measure blood flow to the heart). Likewise, it is also difficult to design and test assistive devices without implanting them in vivo. However, with the recent advancements made in biomedical scanning technologies and computer simulations, image-based modeling (IBM) has arisen as the next logical step in the evolution of non-invasive patient-specific cardiovascular medicine. Yet, due to its novelty, it is still relatively unknown outside of the niche field. Therefore, the goal of this manuscript is to review the current state-of-the-art and the limitations of the methods used in this area of research, as well as their applications to personalized cardiovascular investigations and treatments. Specifically, the modeling of three different physics – electrophysiology, biomechanics and hemodynamics – used in the cardiovascular IBM is discussed in the context of the physiology that each one of them describes and the mechanisms of the underlying cardiac diseases that they can provide insight into. Only the “bare-bones” of the modeling approaches are discussed in order to make this introductory material more accessible to an outside observer. Additionally, the imaging methods, the aspects of the unique cardiac anatomy derived from them, and their relation to the modeling algorithms are reviewed. Finally, conclusions are drawn about the future evolution of these methods and their potential toward revolutionizing the non-invasive diagnosis, virtual design of treatments/assistive devices, and increasing our understanding of these lethal cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Danh Nguyen
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Newark College of Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Olufemi E Kadri
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Newark College of Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States.,UC-P&G Simulation Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Roman S Voronov
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Newark College of Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Newark College of Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
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30
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Dejea H, Bonnin A, Cook AC, Garcia-Canadilla P. Cardiac multi-scale investigation of the right and left ventricle ex vivo: a review. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:1701-1717. [PMID: 33224784 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-20-269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The heart is a complex multi-scale system composed of components integrated at the subcellular, cellular, tissue and organ levels. The myocytes, the contractile elements of the heart, form a complex three-dimensional (3D) network which enables propagation of the electrical signal that triggers the contraction to efficiently pump blood towards the whole body. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a major cause of mortality in developed countries, often lead to cardiovascular remodeling affecting cardiac structure and function at all scales, from myocytes and their surrounding collagen matrix to the 3D organization of the whole heart. As yet, there is no consensus as to how the myocytes are arranged and packed within their connective tissue matrix, nor how best to image them at multiple scales. Cardiovascular imaging is routinely used to investigate cardiac structure and function as well as for the evaluation of cardiac remodeling in CVDs. For a complete understanding of the relationship between structural remodeling and cardiac dysfunction in CVDs, multi-scale imaging approaches are necessary to achieve a detailed description of ventricular architecture along with cardiac function. In this context, ventricular architecture has been extensively studied using a wide variety of imaging techniques: ultrasound (US), optical coherence tomography (OCT), microscopy (confocal, episcopic, light sheet, polarized light), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and, more recently, synchrotron X-ray phase contrast imaging (SR X-PCI). Each of these techniques have their own set of strengths and weaknesses, relating to sample size, preparation, resolution, 2D/3D capabilities, use of contrast agents and possibility of performing together with in vivo studies. Therefore, the combination of different imaging techniques to investigate the same sample, thus taking advantage of the strengths of each method, could help us to extract the maximum information about ventricular architecture and function. In this review, we provide an overview of available and emerging cardiovascular imaging techniques for assessing myocardial architecture ex vivo and discuss their utility in being able to quantify cardiac remodeling, in CVDs, from myocyte to whole organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Dejea
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Villigen, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Bonnin
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Andrew C Cook
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Patricia Garcia-Canadilla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Villemain O, Baranger J, Friedberg MK, Papadacci C, Dizeux A, Messas E, Tanter M, Pernot M, Mertens L. Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging in Pediatric and Adult Cardiology. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 13:1771-1791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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32
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Torii Y, Kusunose K, Zheng R, Yamada H, Amano R, Matsumoto R, Hirata Y, Nishio S, Yamada N, Ise T, Yamaguchi K, Tobiume T, Fukuda D, Yagi S, Soeki T, Wakatsuki T, Okayama Y, Sata M. Association between Sarcopenia/Lower Muscle Mass and Short-Term Regression of Deep Vein Thrombosis Using Direct Oral Anticoagulants. Int Heart J 2020; 61:787-794. [PMID: 32684602 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Advanced age, obesity, and muscle weakness are independent factors in the onset of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Recently, an association between sarcopenia and DVT has been reported. We hypothesized that sarcopenia related factors, observed by ultrasonography, are associated with the regression effect on the thrombus following anticoagulation therapy. The present study focused on gastrocnemius muscle (GCM) thickness and the GCM's internal echogenic brightness. We examined the association with DVT regression following direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) treatment.The prospective cohort study period was between October 2017 and August 2018. We enrolled 46 patients diagnosed with DVT by ultrasonography, who were aged >60 years old and treated with DOACs. Sarcopenia was evaluated using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia flowchart. The average DOACs treatment period was 94 days, and 29 patients exhibited thrombus regression. On univariate logistic regression analysis, sarcopenia, average GCM diameter index, and gastrocnemius integrated backscatter index were significantly associated with thrombus regression. In a multivariate model, only the average GCM diameter index correlated with thrombus regression.The average GCM diameter index is associated with DVT regression treated with DOACs. Considering the GCM diameter during DVT treatment can be a marker to make a decision for the treatment of DVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Torii
- Ultrasound Examination Center, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Kenya Kusunose
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Robert Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Hirotsugu Yamada
- Department of Community Medicine for Cardiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Rie Amano
- Ultrasound Examination Center, Tokushima University Hospital
| | | | - Yukina Hirata
- Ultrasound Examination Center, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Susumu Nishio
- Ultrasound Examination Center, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Nao Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Takayuki Ise
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Koji Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Takeshi Tobiume
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Daiju Fukuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Shusuke Yagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Takeshi Soeki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Tetsuzo Wakatsuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Yoshihiro Okayama
- Clinical Research Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
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33
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Bessière F, Zorgani A, Robert J, Daunizeau L, Cao E, Vaillant F, Abell E, Quesson B, Catheline S, Chevalier P, Lafon C. High Frame Rate Ultrasound for Electromechanical Wave Imaging to Differentiate Endocardial From Epicardial Myocardial Activation. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:405-414. [PMID: 31767455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation between epicardial and endocardial ventricular activation remains a challenge despite the latest technologies available. The aim of the present study was to develop a new tool method, based on electromechanical wave imaging (EWI), to improve arrhythmogenic substrate activation analysis. Experiments were conducted on left ventricles (LVs) of four isolated working mode swine hearts. The protocol aimed at demonstrating that different patterns of mechanical activation could be observed whether the ventricle was in sinus rhythm, paced from the epicardium or from the endocardium. A total of 72 EWI acquisitions were recorded on the anterior, lateral and posterior segments of the LV. A total of 54 loop records were blindly assigned to two readers. EWI sequences interpretations were correct in 89% of cases. The overall agreement rate between the two readers was 83%. When in a paced ventricle, the origin of the wave front was focal and originated from the endocardium or the epicardium. In sinus rhythm, wave front was global and activated within the entire endocardium toward the epicardium at a speed of 1.7 ± 0.28 m·s-1. Wave front speeds were respectively measured when the endocardium or the epicardium were paced at a speed of 1.1 ± 0.35 m·s-1 versus 1.3 ± 0.34 m·s-1 (p = NS). EWI activation mapping allows activation localization within the LV wall and calculation of the wave front propagation speed through the muscle. In the future, this technology could help localize activation within the LV thickness during complex ablation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Bessière
- Hôpital Cardiologique Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; LabTAU, INSERM, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - Ali Zorgani
- LabTAU, INSERM, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jade Robert
- LabTAU, INSERM, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Loïc Daunizeau
- LabTAU, INSERM, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Elodie Cao
- LabTAU, INSERM, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Fanny Vaillant
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Emma Abell
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Bruno Quesson
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Catheline
- LabTAU, INSERM, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Chevalier
- Hôpital Cardiologique Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cyril Lafon
- LabTAU, INSERM, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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34
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Milne ML, Schick BM, Alkhazal T, Chung CS. Myocardial Fiber Mapping of Rat Hearts, Using Apparent Backscatter, with Histologic Validation. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:2075-2085. [PMID: 31155403 PMCID: PMC6615029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial fiber architecture is a physiologically important regulator of ejection fraction, strain and pressure development. Apparent ultrasonic backscatter has been shown to be a useful method for recreating the myocardial fiber architecture in human-sized sheep hearts because of the dependence of its amplitude on the relative orientation of a myofiber to the angle of ultrasonic insonification. Thus, the anisotropy of the backscatter signal is linked to and provides information about the fiber orientation. In this study, we sought to determine whether apparent backscatter could be used to measure myofiber orientation in rodent hearts. Fixed adult-rat hearts were imaged intact, and both a transmural cylindrical core and transmural wedge of the left ventricular free wall were imaged. Cylindrical core samples confirmed that backscatter anisotropy could be measured in rat hearts. Ultrasound and histologic analysis of transmural myocardial wedge samples confirmed that the apparent backscatter could be reproducibly mapped to fiber orientation (angle of the fiber relative to the direction of insonification). These data provided a quantitative relationship between the apparent backscatter and fiber angle that was applied to whole-heart images. Myocardial fiber architecture was successfully measured in rat hearts. Quantifying myocardial fiber architecture, using apparent backscatter, provides a number of advantages, including its scalable use from rodents to man, its rapid low-cost acquisition and minimal contraindications. The method outlined in this study provides a method for investigators to begin detailed assessments of how the myocardial fiber architecture changes in preclinical disease models, which can be immediately translated into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Milne
- Department of Physics, St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Mary's City, MD, USA
| | - Brianna M Schick
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Thamer Alkhazal
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Charles S Chung
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Partho P Sengupta
- Division of Cardiology, WVU Heart & Vascular Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Y Chandrashekhar
- Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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36
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Papadacci C, Finel V, Villemain O, Goudot G, Provost J, Messas E, Tanter M, Pernot M. 4D simultaneous tissue and blood flow Doppler imaging: revisiting cardiac Doppler index with single heart beat 4D ultrafast echocardiography. Phys Med Biol 2019; 64:085013. [PMID: 30889552 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of semi-automatic evaluation of cardiac Doppler indices in a single heartbeat in human hearts by performing 4D ultrafast echocardiography with a dedicated sequence of 4D simultaneous tissue and blood flow Doppler imaging. 4D echocardiography has the potential to improve the quantification of major cardiac indices by providing more reproducible and less user dependent measurements such as the quantification of left ventricle (LV) volume. The evaluation of Doppler indices, however, did not benefit yet from 4D echocardiography because of limited volume rates achieved in conventional volumetric color Doppler imaging but also because spectral Doppler estimation is still restricted to a single location. High volume rate (5200 volume s-1) transthoracic simultaneous tissue and blood flow Doppler acquisitions of three human LV were performed using a 4D ultrafast echocardiography scanner prototype during a single heartbeat. 4D color flow, 4D tissue Doppler cineloops and spectral Doppler at each voxel were computed. LV outflow tract, mitral inflow and basal inferoseptal locations were automatically detected. Doppler indices were derived at these locations and were compared against clinical 2D echocardiography. Blood flow Doppler indices E (early filling), A (atrial filling), E/A ratio, S (systolic ejection) and cardiac output were assessed on the three volunteers. Simultaneous tissue Doppler indices e' (mitral annular velocity peak), a' (late velocity peak), e'/a' ratio, s' (systolic annular velocity peak), E/e' ratio were also estimated. Standard deviations on three independent acquisitions were averaged over the indices and was found to be inferior to 4% and 8.5% for Doppler flow and tissue Doppler indices, respectively. Comparison against clinical 2D echocardiography gave a p value larger than 0.05 in average indicating no significant differences. 4D ultrafast echocardiography can quantify the major cardiac Doppler indices in a single heart beat acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Papadacci
- Physics For Medicine Paris, INSERM U1273, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 7587, France. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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37
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Kheyfets V, Truong U, Ivy D, Shandas R. Structural and Biomechanical Adaptations of Right Ventricular Remodeling - in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension - Reduces Left Ventricular Rotation During Contraction: A Computational Study. J Biomech Eng 2019; 141:2724083. [PMID: 30714069 DOI: 10.1115/1.4042682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a degenerative disease characterized by progressively increased right ventricular (RV) afterload that leads to ultimate functional decline [1]. Recent observational studies have documented a decrease in left ventricular (LV) torsion during ejection, with preserved LV ejection fraction (EF) in pediatric and adult PH patients [2-4]. The objective of this study was to develop a computational model of the bi-ventricular heart and use it to evaluate changes in LV torsion mechanics in response to mechanical, structural, and hemodynamic changes in the RV free-wall. The heart model revealed that LV apex rotation and torsion were decreased when increasing RV mechanical rigidity and during re-orientation of RV myocardial fibers. Furthermore, structural changes to the RV appear to have a notable impact on RV EF, but little influence on LV EF. Finally, RV pressure overload exponentially increased LV myocardial stress. The computational results found in this study are consistent with clinical observations in adult and pediatric PH patients, which reveal a decrease in LV torsion with preserved LV EF [3, 4]. Furthermore, discovered causes of decreased LV torsion are consistent with RV structural adaptations seen in PH rodent studies [5], which might also explain suspected stress-induced changes in LV myocardial gene/protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Kheyfets
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado
| | - Uyen Truong
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado
| | - Dunbar Ivy
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado
| | - Robin Shandas
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado
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38
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Experimental 3-D Ultrasound Imaging with 2-D Sparse Arrays using Focused and Diverging Waves. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9108. [PMID: 29904182 PMCID: PMC6002520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Three dimensional ultrasound (3-D US) imaging methods based on 2-D array probes are increasingly investigated. However, the experimental test of new 3-D US approaches is contrasted by the need of controlling very large numbers of probe elements. Although this problem may be overcome by the use of 2-D sparse arrays, just a few experimental results have so far corroborated the validity of this approach. In this paper, we experimentally compare the performance of a fully wired 1024-element (32 × 32) array, assumed as reference, to that of a 256-element random and of an “optimized” 2-D sparse array, in both focused and compounded diverging wave (DW) transmission modes. The experimental results in 3-D focused mode show that the resolution and contrast produced by the optimized sparse array are close to those of the full array while using 25% of elements. Furthermore, the experimental results in 3-D DW mode and 3-D focused mode are also compared for the first time and they show that both the contrast and the resolution performance are higher when using the 3-D DW at volume rates up to 90/second which represent a 36x speed up factor compared to the focused mode.
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39
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Fast Volumetric Ultrasound B-Mode and Doppler Imaging with a New High-Channels Density Platform for Advanced 4D Cardiac Imaging/Therapy. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Baelde A, Laurent J, Millien P, Coulette R, Khalifa WB, Jenson F, Sun F, Fink M, Prada C. Effect of microstructural elongation on backscattered field: Intensity measurement and multiple scattering estimation with a linear transducer array. ULTRASONICS 2018; 82:379-389. [PMID: 29031168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of microstructural elongation on ultrasonic backscattered fields was studied. Two methods for determining the elongation direction of macrozones in titanium alloys, using the anisotropic spatial coherence of the backscattered field, are presented. Both methods use a phased array attached on a rotative holder that records the array response matrix at several angles. Two titanium alloys were investigated: TA6V and Ti17. TA6V exhibited a strong macrozone elongation, whereas Ti17 macrozones were found equiaxial. The first method is based on the measurement of backscattered intensity in function of the probe angle relative to the macrozones elongation direction. An angular dependence of backscattered intensity is observed in presence of elongated scatterers, and their elongation direction is collinear with the probe direction corresponding to a minimal intensity. This variability is linked to both piezoelectric shape and the backscattered field spatial properties. The second method is based on the measurement of the relative proportion of single to multiple scattering in a diffusive media, using a simplified version of the single scattering filter developed in Aubry and Derode (2009). It allows the measurement of the level of multiple scattering: both titanium alloys exhibited strong multiple scattering. The elongation direction was determined as the direction of minimal multiple scattering. Furthermore, these results were confirmed by the measurement of the coherent backscattering cone on both samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Baelde
- ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut Langevin, 1 rue Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Laurent
- ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut Langevin, 1 rue Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Millien
- ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut Langevin, 1 rue Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Richard Coulette
- Safran Aircraft Engines, Rond Point René Ravaud Réau, 77550 Moissy Cramayel, France
| | - Warida Ben Khalifa
- Safran Aircraft Engines, Rond Point René Ravaud Réau, 77550 Moissy Cramayel, France
| | - Frédéric Jenson
- Safran Tech, Rue des Jeunes Bois, 78772 Magny Les Hameaux, France
| | - Fan Sun
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech - CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Mathias Fink
- ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut Langevin, 1 rue Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Claire Prada
- ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut Langevin, 1 rue Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
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41
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Turquin E, Petrusca L, Bernard O, Viallon M, Liebgott H, Varray F. Local Orientation Imaging for Tissue Structure Using Ultrasound Imaging. Ing Rech Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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