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Wüthrich C, Vadakkechira A, Fuchsmann P, Wacker S, Zenobi R, Giannoukos S. Comparative analysis of feature annotation methods for SESI-HRMS in exhaled breath analysis. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1734:465296. [PMID: 39213840 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Secondary electrospray ionization coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) is a powerful method for the analysis of exhaled breath in real time. However, feature annotation is challenging due to the flow-injection nature of the technique. To evaluate alternative methods for enhancing feature annotation, a study was conducted where the exhaled breath of sixteen subjects was condensed and analyzed using dynamic headspace vacuum in-trap extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (DHS-V-ITEX-GC-MS) and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) using polar and reverse-phase conditions along with a data-independent MS2-acquisition method based on multiple injections. The annotation results obtained from these methods were compared to those from SESI-HRMS. The use of these techniques on breath condensate is unprecedented. The GC-MS method primarily detected compounds of exogenous origin, particularly additives in oral hygiene products like menthol. On the other hand, LC-MS detected a vast number of features, especially with the utilized data-independent acquisition method. Chemical classes to these features were assigned in-silico. In positive ion mode, mostly amino acids and amines were detected, while the largest group in negative ion mode consisted of carboxylic acids. Approximately 25% and 5% of SESI features had a corresponding match with LC-MS and GC-MS. While both GC-MS and LC-MS methods partially overlapped with the SESI features, there was limited overlap of both in the mass-to-charge range from 150 to 200. In conclusion, both GC-MS and LC-MS analysis of breath condensate can serve as supplementary tools for annotating features obtained from SESI-MS. However, to increase confidence in the annotation results, combining these methods with additional on-line fragmentation techniques is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Wüthrich
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETHZ, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Albin Vadakkechira
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETHZ, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Fuchsmann
- Food Microbial Systems Research Division, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon Wacker
- Food Microbial Systems Research Division, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETHZ, Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Rodriguez J, Liang D, Tchen R, Yang I. Saliva and Exhaled Breath Condensate Correlate With Serum in 4-12-Year-Olds Exposed to Secondhand Electronic Cigarette Vapors: A Pilot Study. Biol Res Nurs 2023; 25:417-425. [PMID: 36637872 PMCID: PMC10404906 DOI: 10.1177/10998004221149959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarette use is highest among adults of child-bearing age. Many parents that use electronic cigarettes believe that secondhand exposure of electronic cigarette vapors for their children is not dangerous and is less harmful than secondhand exposure to traditional cigarette smoke. These beliefs may prompt excessive secondhand exposure to electronic cigarette vapors for their children. Little research has been done to document exposure in children. The traditional biological method of exposure detection is through a blood draw, which is difficult and undesirable in children. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of using saliva and exhaled breath condensate as non-invasive biomatrices for detecting secondhand electronic cigarette vapor exposure in children. In this cross-sectionally designed study, we recruited 22 children exposed to electronic cigarette vapors and 26 non-exposed between the ages of 4-12 years. We compared metabolic features across three biomatrices, blood, saliva, and exhaled breath condensate. We noted moderate to strong pairwise, sample-specific, and feature-specific adjusted correlations. Annotated features associated with direct and secondhand electronic cigarette exposure were noted. These results demonstrate that less invasive biomatrices may be used to detect features associated with secondhand electronic cigarette vapor exposure in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donghai Liang
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rachel Tchen
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Irene Yang
- School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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3
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Brown bear skin-borne secretions display evidence of individuality and age-sex variation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3163. [PMID: 36823208 PMCID: PMC9950453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Scent originates from excretions and secretions, and its chemical complexity in mammals translates into a diverse mode of signalling. Identifying how information is encoded can help to establish the mechanisms of olfactory communication and the use of odours as chemical signals. Building upon existing behavioural and histological literature, we examined the chemical profile of secretions used for scent marking by a solitary, non-territorial carnivore, the brown bear (Ursus arctos). We investigated the incidence, abundance, and uniqueness of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from cutaneous glandular secretions of 12 wild brown bears collected during late and post-breeding season, and assessed whether age-sex class, body site, and individual identity explained profile variation. VOC profiles varied in the average number of compounds, compound incidence, and compound abundance by age-sex class and individual identity (when individuals were grouped by sex), but not by body site. Mature males differed from other age-sex classes, secreting fewer compounds on average with the least variance between individuals. Compound uniqueness varied by body site and age for both males and females and across individuals. Our results indicate that brown bear skin-borne secretions may facilitate age-sex class and individual recognition, which can contribute towards further understanding of mating systems and social behaviour.
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Keogh RJ, Riches JC. The Use of Breath Analysis in the Management of Lung Cancer: Is It Ready for Primetime? Curr Oncol 2022; 29:7355-7378. [PMID: 36290855 PMCID: PMC9600994 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29100578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Breath analysis is a promising non-invasive method for the detection and management of lung cancer. Exhaled breath contains a complex mixture of volatile and non-volatile organic compounds that are produced as end-products of metabolism. Several studies have explored the patterns of these compounds and have postulated that a unique breath signature is emitted in the setting of lung cancer. Most studies have evaluated the use of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify these unique breath signatures. With recent advances in the field of analytical chemistry and machine learning gaseous chemical sensing and identification devices have also been created to detect patterns of odorant molecules such as volatile organic compounds. These devices offer hope for a point-of-care test in the future. Several prospective studies have also explored the presence of specific genomic aberrations in the exhaled breath of patients with lung cancer as an alternative method for molecular analysis. Despite its potential, the use of breath analysis has largely been limited to translational research due to methodological issues, the lack of standardization or validation and the paucity of large multi-center studies. It is clear however that it offers a potentially non-invasive alternative to investigations such as tumor biopsy and blood sampling.
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5
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Paris D, Palomba L, Tramice A, Motta L, Fuschillo S, Maniscalco M, Motta A. Identification of biomarkers in COPD by metabolomics of exhaled breath condensate and serum/plasma. Minerva Med 2022; 113:424-435. [PMID: 35191295 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.22.07957-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third cause of death worldwide, presenting poor long-term outcomes and chronic disability. COPD is a condition with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations because its pathophysiological determinants relate to tobacco smoke, genetic factors, alteration of several metabolic pathways, and oxidative stress. As a consequence, patients present different phenotypes even with comparable degrees of airflow limitation. Because of the increasing social and economic costs of COPD, a growing attention is currently payed to "omics" techniques for more personalized treatments and patient-tailored rehabilitation programs. In this regard, the systematic investigation of the metabolome (i.e., the whole set of endogenous molecules) in biomatrices, namely metabolomics, has become indispensable for phenotyping respiratory diseases. The metabolomic profiling of biological samples contains the small molecules produced during biological processes and their identification and quantification help in the diagnosis, comprehension of disease outcome and treatment response. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC), plasma and serum are biofluids readily available, with negligible invasiveness, and, therefore, suitable for metabolomics investigations. In this paper, we describe the latest advances on metabolomic profiling of EBC, plasma and serum in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Paris
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Letizia Palomba
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Annabella Tramice
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Motta
- Section of Radiology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fuschillo
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Division of the Telese Terme Institute, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Division of the Telese Terme Institute, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy
| | - Andrea Motta
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy -
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6
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Rankin-Turner S, McMeniman CJ. A headspace collection chamber for whole body volatilomics. Analyst 2022; 147:5210-5222. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an01227h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The human body secretes a complex blend of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) via the skin, breath and bodily fluids. In this study, we have developed a headspace collection chamber for whole body volatilome profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rankin-Turner
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Conor J. McMeniman
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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7
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Eftekhari A, Maleki Dizaj S, Sharifi S, Salatin S, Khalilov R, Samiei M, Zununi Vahed S, Ahmadian E. Salivary biomarkers in cancer. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 110:171-192. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Metabolomics Diagnosis of COVID-19 from Exhaled Breath Condensate. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120847. [PMID: 34940605 PMCID: PMC8708149 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead to severe respiratory tract damage and acute lung injury. Therefore, it is crucial to study breath-associated biofluids not only to investigate the breath's biochemical changes caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, but also to discover potential biomarkers for the development of new diagnostic tools. In the present study, we performed an untargeted metabolomics approach using a bidimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GCxGC-TOFMS) on exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from COVID-19 patients and negative healthy subjects to identify new potential biomarkers for the noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of the COVID-19 disease. The EBC analysis was further performed in patients with acute or acute-on-chronic cardiopulmonary edema (CPE) to assess the reliability of the identified biomarkers. Our findings demonstrated that an abundance of EBC fatty acids can be used to discriminate COVID-19 patients and that they may have a protective effect, thus suggesting their potential use as a preventive strategy against the infection.
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9
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Metabolomics profiling of human exhaled breath condensate by SPME/GC × GC-ToFMS: Exploratory study on the use of face masks at the level of lipid peroxidation volatile markers. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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10
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Fuschillo S, Paris D, Tramice A, Ambrosino P, Palomba L, Maniscalco M, Motta A. Metabolomic profiling of exhaled breath condensate and plasma/serum in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2385-2398. [PMID: 34375174 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210810122350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an increasing cause of global morbidity and mortality, with poor long-term outcomes and chronic disability. COPD is a condition with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, with different phenotypes being identified even among patients with comparable degrees of airflow limitation. Considering the burden of COPD in terms of social and economic costs, in recent years a growing attention has been given to the need of more personalized approaches and patient-tailored rehabilitation programs. In this regard, the systematic analysis of metabolites in biological matrices, namely metabolomics, may become an essential tool in phenotyping diseases. Through the identification and quantification of the small molecules produced during biological processes, metabolomic profiling of biological samples has thus been proposed as an opportunity to identify novel biomarkers of disease outcome and treatment response. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and plasma/serum are fluid pools, which can be easily extracted and analyzed. In this review, we discuss the potential clinical applications of the metabolomic profiling of EBC and plasma/serum in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Fuschillo
- Institute Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Division of the Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme (BN), Italy
| | - Debora Paris
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Annabella Tramice
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Pasquale Ambrosino
- Institute Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Division of the Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme (BN), Italy
| | - Letizia Palomba
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University "Carlo Bo", 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Institute Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Division of the Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme (BN), Italy
| | - Andrea Motta
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
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11
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McCartney MM, Thompson CJ, Klein LR, Ngo JH, Seibel JD, Fabia F, Simms LA, Borras E, Young BS, Lara J, Turnlund MW, Nguyen AP, Kenyon NJ, Davis CE. Breath carbonyl levels in a human population of seven hundred participants. J Breath Res 2020; 14:046005. [PMID: 32272460 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab8865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with numerous health conditions and disorders, and aldehydes are known biomarkers of oxidative stress that can be non-invasively measured in exhaled human breath. Few studies report breath aldehyde levels in human populations, and none claim participant numbers in the hundreds or more. Further, the breath community must first define the existing aldehyde concentration variance in a normal population to understand when these levels are significantly perturbed by exogenous stressors or health conditions. In this study, we collected breath samples from 692 participants and quantified C4-C10 straight chain aldehyde levels. C9 aldehyde was the most abundant in breath, followed by C6. C4 and C5 appear to have bimodal distributions. Post hoc, we mined our dataset for other breath carbonyls captured by our assay, which involves elution of breath samples onto a solid phase extraction cartridge, derivatization and liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-qTOF). We found a total of 21 additional derivatized compounds. Using self-reported demographic factors from our participants, we found no correlation between these breath carbonyls and age, gender, body mass index (BMI), ethnicity or smoking habit (tobacco and marijuana). This work was preceded by a small confounders study, which was intended to refine our breath collection procedure. We found that breath aldehyde levels can be affected by participants' using scented hygiene products such as lotions and mouthwashes, while collecting consecutive breath samples, rinsing the mouth with water, and filtering inspired air did not have an effect. Using these parameters to guide our sampling, subjects were instructed to avoid the prior conditions to provide a breath sample for our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell M McCartney
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
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12
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Profiling of carboxyl-containing metabolites in smokers and non-smokers by stable isotope labeling combined with LC-MS/MS. Anal Biochem 2019; 569:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Vallès Y, Inman CK, Peters BA, Ali R, Wareth LA, Abdulle A, Alsafar H, Anouti FA, Dhaheri AA, Galani D, Haji M, Hamiz AA, Hosani AA, Houqani MA, Junaibi AA, Kazim M, Kirchhoff T, Mahmeed WA, Maskari FA, Alnaeemi A, Oumeziane N, Ramasamy R, Schmidt AM, Weitzman M, Zaabi EA, Sherman S, Hayes RB, Ahn J. Types of tobacco consumption and the oral microbiome in the United Arab Emirates Healthy Future (UAEHFS) Pilot Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11327. [PMID: 30054546 PMCID: PMC6063860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29730-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking alters the oral microbiome; however, the effect of alternative tobacco products remains unclear. Middle Eastern tobacco products like dokha and shisha, are becoming globally widespread. We tested for the first time in a Middle Eastern population the hypothesis that different tobacco products impact the oral microbiome. The oral microbiome of 330 subjects from the United Arab Emirates Healthy Future Study was assessed by amplifying the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from mouthwash samples. Tobacco consumption was assessed using a structured questionnaire and further validated by urine cotinine levels. Oral microbiome overall structure and specific taxon abundances were compared, using PERMANOVA and DESeq analyses respectively. Our results show that overall microbial composition differs between smokers and nonsmokers (p = 0.0001). Use of cigarettes (p = 0.001) and dokha (p = 0.042) were associated with overall microbiome structure, while shisha use was not (p = 0.62). The abundance of multiple genera were significantly altered (enriched/depleted) in cigarette smokers; however, only Actinobacillus, Porphyromonas, Lautropia and Bifidobacterium abundances were significantly changed in dokha users whereas no genera were significantly altered in shisha smokers. For the first time, we show that smoking dokha is associated to oral microbiome dysbiosis, suggesting that it could have similar effects as smoking cigarettes on oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Vallès
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Claire K Inman
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Brandilyn A Peters
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Raghib Ali
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Laila Abdel Wareth
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Abdishakur Abdulle
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Fatme Al Anouti
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ayesha Al Dhaheri
- Department of Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture; UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Divya Galani
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Muna Haji
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Aisha Al Hamiz
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ayesha Al Hosani
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mohammed Al Houqani
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | | | - Marina Kazim
- Department of Pathology, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Tomas Kirchhoff
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Wael Al Mahmeed
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Fatma Al Maskari
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | | | | | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Michael Weitzman
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Eiman Al Zaabi
- Department of Pathology, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Scott Sherman
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Richard B Hayes
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.,NYU Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Jiyoung Ahn
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA. .,NYU Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, USA.
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Abstract
The microbiome is defined as the total of cellular microorganisms of baczerial, viral or e. g., parasite origin living on the surface of a body. Within the anatomical areas of otorhinolaryngology, a significant divergence and variance can be demonstrated. For ear, nose, throat, larynx and cutis different interactions of microbiome and common factors like age, diet and live style factors (e. g., smoking) have been detected in recent years. Besides, new insights hint at a passible pathognomic role of the microbiome towards diseases in the ENT area. This review article resumes the present findings of this rapidly devloping scientific area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim G Beule
- HNO-Uniklinik Münster.,Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenkrankheiten der Universitätsmedizin Greifswald
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15
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Luque de Castro M, Priego-Capote F. The analytical process to search for metabolomics biomarkers. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 147:341-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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