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Li W, Zhang C, Wang Y. Evaporative self-assembly in colloidal droplets: Emergence of ordered structures from complex fluids. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 333:103286. [PMID: 39232473 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal droplet evaporation is an intriguing and intricate phenomenon that has captured the interest of scientists across diverse disciplines, including physical chemistry, fluid dynamics, and soft matter science, over the past two decades. Despite being a non-equilibrium system with inherent challenges posed by coffee ring formation and Marangoni effects, which hinder the precise control of deposition patterns, evaporative self-assembly presents a convenient and cost-effective approach for generating arrays of well-ordered structures and functional patterns with wide-ranging applications in inkjet printing, photonic crystals, and biochemical assays. In the realm of printed electronics and photonics, effectively mitigating coffee rings while achieving uniformity and orderliness has emerged as a critical factor in realising the next generation of large-area, low-cost, flexible devices that are exceptionally sensitive and high-performance. This review highlights the evaporative self-assembly process in colloidal droplets with a focus on the intricate mechanical environment, self-assembly at diverse interfaces, and potential applications of these assembling ordered structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Li
- National Microgravity Laboratory, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China; School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- National Microgravity Laboratory, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China; School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Yuren Wang
- National Microgravity Laboratory, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China; School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
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2
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Missoni LL, Upah A, Zaldívar G, Travesset A, Tagliazucchi M. Solvent Isotherms and Structural Transitions in Nanoparticle Superlattice Assembly. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5270-5276. [PMID: 38647381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
We introduce a Molecular Theory for Compressible Fluids (MOLT-CF) that enables us to compute free energies and other thermodynamic functions for nanoparticle superlattices with any solvent content, including the dry limit. Quantitative agreement is observed between MOLT-CF and united-atom molecular dynamics simulations performed to assess the reliability and precision of the theory. Among other predictions, MOLT-CF shows that the amount of solvent within the superlattice decreases approximately linearly with its vapor pressure and that in the late stages of drying, solvent-filled voids form at lattice interstitials. Applied to single-component superlattices, MOLT-CF predicts fcc-to-bcc Bain transitions for decreasing vapor pressure and for increasing ligand length, both in agreement with experimental results. We explore the stability of other single-component phases and show that the C14 Frank-Kasper phase, which has been reported in experiments, is not a global free-energy minimum. Implications for precise assembly and prediction of multicomponent nanoparticle systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro L Missoni
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Analítica y Química Física, Ciudad Universitaria, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química de los Materiales, Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Ciudad Universitaria, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón 2, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alex Upah
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University and Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Gervasio Zaldívar
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Alex Travesset
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University and Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Mario Tagliazucchi
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Analítica y Química Física, Ciudad Universitaria, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química de los Materiales, Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Ciudad Universitaria, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón 2, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Tanner CPN, Utterback JK, Portner J, Coropceanu I, Das A, Tassone CJ, Teitelbaum SW, Limmer DT, Talapin DV, Ginsberg NS. In Situ X-ray Scattering Reveals Coarsening Rates of Superlattices Self-Assembled from Electrostatically Stabilized Metal Nanocrystals Depend Nonmonotonically on Driving Force. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38318795 PMCID: PMC10883038 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly of colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) into superlattices (SLs) is an appealing strategy to design hierarchically organized materials with promising functionalities. Mechanistic studies are still needed to uncover the design principles for SL self-assembly, but such studies have been difficult to perform due to the fast time and short length scales of NC systems. To address this challenge, we developed an apparatus to directly measure the evolving phases in situ and in real time of an electrostatically stabilized Au NC solution before, during, and after it is quenched to form SLs using small-angle X-ray scattering. By developing a quantitative model, we fit the time-dependent scattering patterns to obtain the phase diagram of the system and the kinetics of the colloidal and SL phases as a function of varying quench conditions. The extracted phase diagram is consistent with particles whose interactions are short in range relative to their diameter. We find the degree of SL order is primarily determined by fast (subsecond) initial nucleation and growth kinetics, while coarsening at later times depends nonmonotonically on the driving force for self-assembly. We validate these results by direct comparison with simulations and use them to suggest dynamic design principles to optimize the crystallinity within a finite time window. The combination of this measurement methodology, quantitative analysis, and simulation should be generalizable to elucidate and better control the microscopic self-assembly pathways of a wide range of bottom-up assembled systems and architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P N Tanner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - James K Utterback
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Joshua Portner
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Igor Coropceanu
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Avishek Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christopher J Tassone
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Samuel W Teitelbaum
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - David T Limmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60517, United States
| | - Naomi S Ginsberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences and Chemical Sciences Divisions, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- STROBE, NSF Science & Technology Center, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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4
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Jia H, Zhang YF, Zhang C, Ouyang M, Du S. Ligand-Ligand-Interaction-Dominated Self-Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles at the Oil/Water Interface: An Atomic-Scale Simulation. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2258-2266. [PMID: 36864775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) into ordered superlattices is a powerful strategy to fabricate functional nanomaterials. Subtle variations in the interactions between NPs will influence the self-assembled superlattices. Using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we explore the self-assembly of 16 gold NPs, 4 nm in diameter, capped with ligands at the oil-water interface, and quantify the interactions between NPs at the atomic scale. We demonstrate that the interaction between capping ligands rather than that between NPs is dominant during the assembly process. For dodecanethiol (DDT)-capped Au NPs, the assembled superlattice is highly ordered in a close-packed configuration at a slow evaporation rate, while it is disordered at a fast evaporation rate. When replacing the capping ligands with stronger polarization than DDT molecules, the NPs form a robust ordered configuration at different evaporation rates due to the stronger electrostatic attraction between capping ligands from different NPs. Moreover, Au-Ag binary clusters exhibit similar assembly behavior with Au NPs. Our work uncovers the nonequilibrium nature of NP assembly at the atomic scale and would be helpful in rationally controlling NPs superlattice by changing passivating ligands, solvent evaporation rate, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Jia
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yan-Fang Zhang
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Min Ouyang
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Shixuan Du
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
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5
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Erik Beck E, Weimer A, Feld A, Vonk V, Noei H, Lott D, Jeromin A, Kulkarni S, Giuntini D, Plunkett A, Domènech B, Schneider GA, Vossmeyer T, Weller H, Keller TF, Stierle A. Solvent controlled 2D structures of bottom-up fabricated nanoparticle superlattices. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4506-4514. [PMID: 36753337 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03043h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that oleyl phosphate ligand-stabilized iron oxide nanocubes as building blocks can be assembled into 2D supercrystalline mono- and multilayers on flat YSZ substrates within a few minutes using a simple spin-coating process. As a bottom-up process, the growth takes place in a layer-by-layer mode and therefore by tuning the spin-coating parameters, the exact number of deposited monolayers can be controlled. Furthermore, ex situ scanning electron and atomic force microscopy as well as X-ray reflectivity measurements give evidence that the choice of solvent allows the control of the lattice type of the final supercrystalline monolayers. This observation can be assigned to the different Hansen solubilities of the solvents used for the nanoparticle dispersion because it determines the size and morphology of the ligand shell surrounding the nanoparticle core. Here, by using toluene and chloroform as solvents, it can be controlled whether the resulting monolayers are ordered in a square or hexagonal supercrystalline lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Erik Beck
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Germany.
| | - Agnes Weimer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Germany
| | - Artur Feld
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vedran Vonk
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Germany.
| | - Heshmat Noei
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Germany.
| | | | - Arno Jeromin
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Germany.
| | - Satishkumar Kulkarni
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Germany.
| | - Diletta Giuntini
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Germany
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Plunkett
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Germany
| | - Berta Domènech
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Germany
- ams-OSRAM International GmbH, ams OSRAM Group, Leibnizstr. 4, 93055 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerold A Schneider
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Germany
| | | | - Horst Weller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Center for Applied Nanotechnology, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas F Keller
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Germany.
- Physics Department, Universität Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Germany
- Physics Department, Universität Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Taplick M, Ruhmlieb C, Kipp T, Mews A. Two-Dimensional Superstructures from the Gas Phase: Directed Assembly of Copper-Sulfide Nanoplatelets. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1313-1319. [PMID: 36758116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report on a novel plasma-assisted approach for the deposition of free-standing two-dimensional superstructures via directed assembly of copper-sulfide nanoplatelets in the gas phase. For this, the copper-organic complex bis-[bis(N,N-diethyldithiocarbamato)-copper(II)] is thermally evaporated and transported into a capacitively coupled rf plasma to form two-dimensional nanoplatelets upon fragmentation. On a substrate, the highly anisotropic platelets are attached in a directed edge-to-edge configuration. We found that a high substrate temperature of 400 °C is necessary for the 2D vertical growth of copper sulfide. Using plasma reinforces the directional assembly and leads to nanowalls which are several micrometers high with the thickness of a single nanoplatelet. The morphology and crystallographic composition of the emerging superstructures were extensively investigated via scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as electron diffraction. The data reveal the (010) plane to be the preferred axis for the arrangement of the nanoplatelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Taplick
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Ruhmlieb
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kipp
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alf Mews
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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7
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Jenewein C, Schupp SM, Ni B, Schmidt-Mende L, Cölfen H. Tuning the Electronic Properties of Mesocrystals. SMALL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jenewein
- Department of Chemistry University of Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 78462 Konstanz Germany
| | - Stefan M. Schupp
- Department of Physics University of Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 78462 Konstanz Germany
| | - Bing Ni
- Department of Chemistry University of Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 78462 Konstanz Germany
| | - Lukas Schmidt-Mende
- Department of Physics University of Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 78462 Konstanz Germany
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Department of Chemistry University of Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 78462 Konstanz Germany
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8
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Socoliuc V, Avdeev MV, Kuncser V, Turcu R, Tombácz E, Vékás L. Ferrofluids and bio-ferrofluids: looking back and stepping forward. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:4786-4886. [PMID: 35297919 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05841j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ferrofluids investigated along for about five decades are ultrastable colloidal suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles, which manifest simultaneously fluid and magnetic properties. Their magnetically controllable and tunable feature proved to be from the beginning an extremely fertile ground for a wide range of engineering applications. More recently, biocompatible ferrofluids attracted huge interest and produced a considerable increase of the applicative potential in nanomedicine, biotechnology and environmental protection. This paper offers a brief overview of the most relevant early results and a comprehensive description of recent achievements in ferrofluid synthesis, advanced characterization, as well as the governing equations of ferrohydrodynamics, the most important interfacial phenomena and the flow properties. Finally, it provides an overview of recent advances in tunable and adaptive multifunctional materials derived from ferrofluids and a detailed presentation of the recent progress of applications in the field of sensors and actuators, ferrofluid-driven assembly and manipulation, droplet technology, including droplet generation and control, mechanical actuation, liquid computing and robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Socoliuc
- Romanian Academy - Timisoara Branch, Center for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Laboratory of Magnetic Fluids, Mihai Viteazu Ave. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - M V Avdeev
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie Str. 6, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Reg., Russia.
| | - V Kuncser
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Bucharest-Magurele, 077125, Romania
| | - Rodica Turcu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies (INCDTIM), Donat Str. 67-103, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Etelka Tombácz
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Moszkvai krt. 5-7, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary.
- University of Pannonia - Soós Ernő Water Technology Research and Development Center, H-8800 Zrínyi M. str. 18, Nagykanizsa, Hungary
| | - L Vékás
- Romanian Academy - Timisoara Branch, Center for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Laboratory of Magnetic Fluids, Mihai Viteazu Ave. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania.
- Politehnica University of Timisoara, Research Center for Complex Fluids Systems Engineering, Mihai Viteazul Ave. 1, 300222 Timisoara, Romania
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Nakagawa F, Saruyama M, Takahata R, Sato R, Matsumoto K, Teranishi T. In Situ Control of Crystallinity of 3D Colloidal Crystals by Tuning the Growth Kinetics of Nanoparticle Building Blocks. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5871-5877. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masaki Saruyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ryo Takahata
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ryota Sato
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kenshi Matsumoto
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Teranishi
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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10
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Honecker D, Bersweiler M, Erokhin S, Berkov D, Chesnel K, Venero DA, Qdemat A, Disch S, Jochum JK, Michels A, Bender P. Using small-angle scattering to guide functional magnetic nanoparticle design. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:1026-1059. [PMID: 36131777 PMCID: PMC9417585 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00482d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles offer unique potential for various technological, biomedical, or environmental applications thanks to the size-, shape- and material-dependent tunability of their magnetic properties. To optimize particles for a specific application, it is crucial to interrelate their performance with their structural and magnetic properties. This review presents the advantages of small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering techniques for achieving a detailed multiscale characterization of magnetic nanoparticles and their ensembles in a mesoscopic size range from 1 to a few hundred nanometers with nanometer resolution. Both X-rays and neutrons allow the ensemble-averaged determination of structural properties, such as particle morphology or particle arrangement in multilayers and 3D assemblies. Additionally, the magnetic scattering contributions enable retrieving the internal magnetization profile of the nanoparticles as well as the inter-particle moment correlations caused by interactions within dense assemblies. Most measurements are used to determine the time-averaged ensemble properties, in addition advanced small-angle scattering techniques exist that allow accessing particle and spin dynamics on various timescales. In this review, we focus on conventional small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS and SANS), X-ray and neutron reflectometry, gracing-incidence SAXS and SANS, X-ray resonant magnetic scattering, and neutron spin-echo spectroscopy techniques. For each technique, we provide a general overview, present the latest scientific results, and discuss its strengths as well as sample requirements. Finally, we give our perspectives on how future small-angle scattering experiments, especially in combination with micromagnetic simulations, could help to optimize the performance of magnetic nanoparticles for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Honecker
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot OX11 0QX UK
| | - Mathias Bersweiler
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg 162A Avenue de La Faïencerie L-1511 Luxembourg Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Sergey Erokhin
- General Numerics Research Lab Moritz-von-Rohr-Straße 1A D-07745 Jena Germany
| | - Dmitry Berkov
- General Numerics Research Lab Moritz-von-Rohr-Straße 1A D-07745 Jena Germany
| | - Karine Chesnel
- Brigham Young University, Department of Physics and Astronomy Provo Utah 84602 USA
| | - Diego Alba Venero
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot OX11 0QX UK
| | - Asma Qdemat
- Universität zu Köln, Department für Chemie Luxemburger Straße 116 D-50939 Köln Germany
| | - Sabrina Disch
- Universität zu Köln, Department für Chemie Luxemburger Straße 116 D-50939 Köln Germany
| | - Johanna K Jochum
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Andreas Michels
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg 162A Avenue de La Faïencerie L-1511 Luxembourg Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Philipp Bender
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 1 85748 Garching Germany
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11
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Brisbin R, Bartolo M, Leville M, Rajan AK, Jahan B, McCloskey KE, Gopinathan A, Ghosh S, Baxter R. Tuning three-dimensional nano-assembly in the mesoscale via bis(imino)pyridine molecular functionalization. Sci Rep 2022; 12:844. [PMID: 35039592 PMCID: PMC8764047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the effect of bis(imino)pyridine (BIP) ligands in guiding self-assembly of semiconducting CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) into three-dimensional multi-layered shells with diameters spanning the entire mesoscopic range, from 200 nm to 2 μm. The assembly process is directed by guest-host interactions between the BIP ligands and a thermotropic liquid crystal (LC), with the latter's phase transition driving the process. Characterization of the shell structures, through scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, demonstrates that the average shell diameter depends on the BIP structure, and that changing one functional group in the chemical scaffold allows systematic tuning of shell sizes across the entire range. Differential scanning calorimetry confirms a relationship between shell sizes and the thermodynamic perturbation of the BIP molecules to the LC phase transition temperature, allowing analytical modeling of shell assembly energetics. This novel mechanism to controllably tune shell sizes over the entire mesoscale via one standard protocol is a significant development for research on in situ cargo/drug delivery platforms using nano-assembled structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Brisbin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Mark Bartolo
- Material and Biomaterial Sciences and Engineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Michael Leville
- Department of Physics, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Arya K Rajan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Basharat Jahan
- Material and Biomaterial Sciences and Engineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Kara E McCloskey
- Material and Biomaterial Sciences and Engineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Ajay Gopinathan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Sayantani Ghosh
- Department of Physics, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343, USA.
| | - Ryan Baxter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343, USA.
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12
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Jenewein C, Avaro J, Appel C, Liebi M, Cölfen H. Binäre 3D‐Mesokristalle aus anisotropen Nanopartikeln. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jenewein
- Fachbereich Chemie Physikalische Chemie Universität Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 Konstanz Deutschland
| | - Jonathan Avaro
- Zentrum für Röntgenanalytik Empa – Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Materialwissenschaft und Technologie Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 9014 St. Gallen Schweiz
| | | | - Marianne Liebi
- Zentrum für Röntgenanalytik Empa – Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Materialwissenschaft und Technologie Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 9014 St. Gallen Schweiz
- Fachbereich Physik Chalmers Universität für Technologie 41296 Göteborg Schweden
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Fachbereich Chemie Physikalische Chemie Universität Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 Konstanz Deutschland
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13
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Jenewein C, Avaro J, Appel C, Liebi M, Cölfen H. 3D Binary Mesocrystals from Anisotropic Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202112461. [PMID: 34669241 PMCID: PMC9298807 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Binary mesocrystals offer the combination of nanocrystal properties in an ordered superstructure. Here, we demonstrate the simultaneous self-assembly of platinum and iron oxide nanocubes into micrometer-sized 3D mesocrystals using the gas-phase diffusion technique. By the addition of minor amounts of a secondary particle type tailored to nearly identical size, shape and surface chemistry, we were able to promote a random incorporation of foreign particles into a self-assembling host lattice. The random distribution of the binary particle types on the surface and within its bulk has been visualized using advanced transmission and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The 20-40 μm sized binary mesocrystals have been further characterized through wide and small angle scattering techniques to reveal a long-range ordering on the atomic scale throughout the crystal while showing clear evidence that the material consists of individual building blocks. Through careful adjustments of the crystallization parameters, we could further obtain a reverse superstructure, where incorporated particles and host lattice switch roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jenewein
- Department of ChemistryPhysical ChemistryUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 10KonstanzGermany
| | - Jonathan Avaro
- Center for X-ray AnalyticsEmpa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyLerchenfeldstrasse 59014St. GallenSwitzerland
| | | | - Marianne Liebi
- Center for X-ray AnalyticsEmpa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyLerchenfeldstrasse 59014St. GallenSwitzerland
- Department of PhysicsChalmers University of Technology41296GothenburgSweden
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Department of ChemistryPhysical ChemistryUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 10KonstanzGermany
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14
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Holkar A, Toledo J, Srivastava S. Structure of
nanoparticle‐polyelectrolyte
complexes: Effects of polyelectrolyte characteristics and charge ratio. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Advait Holkar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | - Jesse Toledo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | - Samanvaya Srivastava
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
- California NanoSystems Institute University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
- Center for Biological Physics University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
- Institute for Carbon Management University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
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15
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Missoni L, Tagliazucchi M. Body centered tetragonal nanoparticle superlattices: why and when they form? NANOSCALE 2021; 13:14371-14381. [PMID: 34473819 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08312g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Body centered tetragonal (BCT) phases are structural intermediates between body centered cubic (BCC) and face centered cubic (FCC) structures. However, BCC ↔ FCC transitions may or may not involve a stable BCT intermediate. Interestingly, nanoparticle superlattices usually crystallize in BCT structures, but this phase is much less frequent for colloidal crystals of micrometer-sized particles. Two origins have been proposed for the formation of BCT NPSLs: (i) the influence of the substrate on which the nanoparticle superlattice is deposited, and (ii) non-spherical nanoparticle shapes, combined with the fact that different crystal facets have different ligand organizations. Notably, none of these two mechanisms alone is able to explain the set of available experimental observations. In this work, these two hypotheses were independently tested using a recently developed molecular theory for nanoparticle superlattices that explicitly captures the degrees of freedom associated with the ligands on the nanoparticle surface and the crystallization solvent. We show that the presence of a substrate can stabilize the BCT structure for spherical nanoparticles, but only for very specific combinations of parameters. On the other hand, a truncated-octahedron nanoparticle shape strongly stabilizes BCT structures in a wide region of the phase diagram. In the latter case, we show that the stabilization of BCT results from the geometry of the system and it does not require different crystal facets to have different ligand properties, as previously proposed. These results shed light on the mechanisms of BCT stabilization in nanoparticle superlattices and provide guidelines to control its formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Missoni
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Tagliazucchi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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16
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Gong Q, Li C, Liu Y, Ilavsky J, Guo F, Cheng X, Xie J. Effects of Ink Formulation on Construction of Catalyst Layers for High-Performance Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:37004-37013. [PMID: 34323080 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rational design of catalyst layers in a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is crucial for achieving high-performance polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Establishing a clear understanding of the property (catalyst ink)-structure (catalyst layer)-performance (MEA) relationship lays the foundation for this rational design. In this work, a synergistic approach was taken to correlate the ink formulation, the microstructure of catalyst layers, and the resulting MEA performance to establish such a property-structure-performance relationship. The solvent composition (n-PA/H2O mixtures) demonstrated a strong influence on the performance of the MEA fabricated with an 830-EW (Aquivion) ionomer, especially polarization losses of cell activation and mass transport. The performance differences were studied in terms of how the solvent composition affects the catalyst/ionomer interface, ionomer network, and pore structure of the resulting catalyst layers. The ionomer aggregates mainly covered the surface of catalyst aggregates acting as oxygen reduction reaction active sites, and the aggregate sizes of the ionomer and catalyst (revealed by ultrasmall angle X-ray scattering and cryo-transmission electron microscopy) were dictated by tuning the solvent composition, which in turn determined the catalyst/ionomer interface (available active sites). In n-PA/H2O mixtures with 50∼90 wt % H2O, the catalyst agglomerates could be effectively broken up into small aggregates, leading to enhanced kinetic activities. The boiling point of the mixed solvents determined the pore structure of ultimate catalyst layers, as evidenced by mercury porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy. For mixed solvents with a higher boiling point, the catalyst-ionomer aggregates in the ink tend to agglomerate during the solvent evaporation process and finally form larger catalyst-ionomer aggregates in the ultimate catalyst layer, resulting in more secondary pores and thus lower mass transport resistance. Both the enlarged catalyst/ionomer interface and appropriate pore structure were achieved with the catalyst layer fabricated from an n-PA/H2O mixture with 90 wt % H2O, leading to the best MEA performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Gong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Department of Mechanical & Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Chenzhao Li
- Department of Mechanical & Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Yadong Liu
- Department of Mechanical & Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Fei Guo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616-8665, United States
| | - Xuan Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Mechanical & Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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17
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Soran-Erdem Z, Sharma VK, Hernandez-Martinez PL, Demir HV. Tailored Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanocrystals for Formation of Cuboid Mesocrystals. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:20351-20360. [PMID: 34395983 PMCID: PMC8358947 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we systematically studied the shape- and size-controlled monodisperse synthesis of iron oxide nanocrystals (IONCs) for their use as building blocks in the formation of mesocrystals. For this aim, on understanding the influence of the oleic acid concentration, iron-oleate concentration, and heating rate on the synthesis of robust and reproducible IONCs with desired sizes and shapes, we synthesized highly monodisperse ∼11 nm sized nanocubes and nanospheres. Magnetic measurements of both cubic and spherical IONCs revealed the presence of mixed paramagnetic and superparamagnetic phases in these nanocrystals. Moreover, we observed that the magnetic moments of the nanocubes are more substantial compared to their spherical counterparts. We then demonstrated a simple magnetic-field-assisted assembly of nanocubes into three-dimensional (3D) cuboid mesocrystals while nanospheres did not form any mesocrystals. These findings indicate that small cubic nanocrystals hold great promise as potential building blocks of 3D magnetic hierarchical structures with their superior magnetic properties and mesocrystal assembly capability, which may have high relevance in various fields ranging from high-density data storage to biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Soran-Erdem
- Department
of Engineering Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri 38080, Turkey
- UNAM-National
Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science
and Nanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Vijay Kumar Sharma
- LUMINOUS!
Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- UNAM-National
Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science
and Nanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Pedro Ludwig Hernandez-Martinez
- LUMINOUS!
Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- UNAM-National
Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science
and Nanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- LUMINOUS!
Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- UNAM-National
Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science
and Nanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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18
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Grote L, Zito CA, Frank K, Dippel AC, Reisbeck P, Pitala K, Kvashnina KO, Bauters S, Detlefs B, Ivashko O, Pandit P, Rebber M, Harouna-Mayer SY, Nickel B, Koziej D. X-ray studies bridge the molecular and macro length scales during the emergence of CoO assemblies. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4429. [PMID: 34285227 PMCID: PMC8292528 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The key to fabricating complex, hierarchical materials is the control of chemical reactions at various length scales. To this end, the classical model of nucleation and growth fails to provide sufficient information. Here, we illustrate how modern X-ray spectroscopic and scattering in situ studies bridge the molecular- and macro- length scales for assemblies of polyhedrally shaped CoO nanocrystals. Utilizing high energy-resolution fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we directly access the molecular level of the nanomaterial synthesis. We reveal that initially Co(acac)3 rapidly reduces to square-planar Co(acac)2 and coordinates to two solvent molecules. Combining atomic pair distribution functions and small-angle X-ray scattering we observe that, unlike a classical nucleation and growth mechanism, nuclei as small as 2 nm assemble into superstructures of 20 nm. The individual nanoparticles and assemblies continue growing at a similar pace. The final spherical assemblies are smaller than 100 nm, while the nanoparticles reach a size of 6 nm and adopt various polyhedral, edgy shapes. Our work thus provides a comprehensive perspective on the emergence of nano-assemblies in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Grote
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cecilia A Zito
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Hamburg, Germany
- São Paulo State University UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Kilian Frank
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Patrick Reisbeck
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Munich, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Pitala
- AGH, University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
- Academic Center for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kristina O Kvashnina
- The Rossendorf Beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ESRF, Grenoble, France
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephen Bauters
- The Rossendorf Beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ESRF, Grenoble, France
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Blanka Detlefs
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ESRF, Grenoble, France
| | - Oleh Ivashko
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Rebber
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sani Y Harouna-Mayer
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bert Nickel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Munich, Germany
| | - Dorota Koziej
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Hamburg, Germany.
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany.
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19
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Carnis J, Kirner F, Lapkin D, Sturm S, Kim YY, Baburin IA, Khubbutdinov R, Ignatenko A, Iashina E, Mistonov A, Steegemans T, Wieck T, Gemming T, Lubk A, Lazarev S, Sprung M, Vartanyants IA, Sturm EV. Exploring the 3D structure and defects of a self-assembled gold mesocrystal by coherent X-ray diffraction imaging. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10425-10435. [PMID: 34028473 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01806j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mesocrystals are nanostructured materials consisting of individual nanocrystals having a preferred crystallographic orientation. On mesoscopic length scales, the properties of mesocrystals are strongly affected by structural heterogeneity. Here, we report the detailed structural characterization of a faceted mesocrystal grain self-assembled from 60 nm sized gold nanocubes. Using coherent X-ray diffraction imaging, we determined the structure of the mesocrystal with the resolution sufficient to resolve each gold nanoparticle. The reconstructed electron density of the gold mesocrystal reveals its intrinsic structural heterogeneity, including local deviations of lattice parameters, and the presence of internal defects. The strain distribution shows that the average superlattice obtained by angular X-ray cross-correlation analysis and the real, "multidomain" structure of a mesocrystal are very close to each other, with a deviation less than 10%. These results will provide an important impact to understanding the fundamental principles of structuring and self-assembly including ensuing properties of mesocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Carnis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Felizitas Kirner
- University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Dmitry Lapkin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Sturm
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Young Yong Kim
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | - Ruslan Khubbutdinov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. and National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr Ignatenko
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ekaterina Iashina
- Saint-Petersburg State University, University Embankment 7/9, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Mistonov
- Saint-Petersburg State University, University Embankment 7/9, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Thomas Wieck
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Gemming
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Lubk
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sergey Lazarev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. and National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU), pr. Lenina 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ivan A Vartanyants
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. and National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Sturm
- University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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20
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Qian Y, da Silva A, Yu E, Anderson CL, Liu Y, Theis W, Ercius P, Xu T. Crystallization of nanoparticles induced by precipitation of trace polymeric additives. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2767. [PMID: 33986268 PMCID: PMC8119732 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22950-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthogonal to guided growth of nanoparticle (NP) crystals using DNA or supramolecules, a trace amount of polymeric impurities (<0.1 wt.%) leads to reproducible, rapid growth of 3D NP crystals in solution and on patterned substrates with high yield. When polymers preferentially precipitate on the NP surfaces, small NP clusters form and serve as nuclei for NP crystal growth in dilute solutions. This precipitation-induced NP crystallization process is applicable for a range of polymers, and the resultant 3-D NP crystals are tunable by varying polymeric additives loading, solvent evaporation rate, and NP size. The present study elucidates how to balance cohesive energy density and NP diffusivity to simultaneously favor nuclei formation energetically and kinetic growth in dilute solutions to rapidly crystalize NPs over multiple length scales. Furthermore, the amount of impurities needed to grow NP crystals (<0.1%) reminds us the importance of fine details to interpret experimental observations in nanoscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Qian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alessandra da Silva
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emmy Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Christopher L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Wolfgang Theis
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Peter Ercius
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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21
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Toso S, Baranov D, Altamura D, Scattarella F, Dahl J, Wang X, Marras S, Alivisatos AP, Singer A, Giannini C, Manna L. Multilayer Diffraction Reveals That Colloidal Superlattices Approach the Structural Perfection of Single Crystals. ACS NANO 2021; 15:6243-6256. [PMID: 33481560 PMCID: PMC8155329 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal superlattices are fascinating materials made of ordered nanocrystals, yet they are rarely called "atomically precise". That is unsurprising, given how challenging it is to quantify the degree of structural order in these materials. However, once that order crosses a certain threshold, the constructive interference of X-rays diffracted by the nanocrystals dominates the diffraction pattern, offering a wealth of structural information. By treating nanocrystals as scattering sources forming a self-probing interferometer, we developed a multilayer diffraction method that enabled the accurate determination of the nanocrystal size, interparticle spacing, and their fluctuations for samples of self-assembled CsPbBr3 and PbS nanomaterials. The multilayer diffraction method requires only a laboratory-grade diffractometer and an open-source fitting algorithm for data analysis. The average nanocrystal displacement of 0.33 to 1.43 Å in the studied superlattices provides a figure of merit for their structural perfection and approaches the atomic displacement parameters found in traditional crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Toso
- Nanochemistry
Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- International
Doctoral Program in Science, Università
Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Dmitry Baranov
- Nanochemistry
Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Altamura
- Istituto
di Cristallografia - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC−CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Scattarella
- Istituto
di Cristallografia - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC−CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Jakob Dahl
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xingzhi Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sergio Marras
- Materials
Characterization Facility, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - A. Paul Alivisatos
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andrej Singer
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Istituto
di Cristallografia - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC−CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Liberato Manna
- Nanochemistry
Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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22
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Toso S, Baranov D, Altamura D, Scattarella F, Dahl J, Wang X, Marras S, Alivisatos AP, Singer A, Giannini C, Manna L. Multilayer Diffraction Reveals That Colloidal Superlattices Approach the Structural Perfection of Single Crystals. ACS NANO 2021; 15:6243-6256. [PMID: 33481560 DOI: 10.26434/chemrxiv.13103507.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal superlattices are fascinating materials made of ordered nanocrystals, yet they are rarely called "atomically precise". That is unsurprising, given how challenging it is to quantify the degree of structural order in these materials. However, once that order crosses a certain threshold, the constructive interference of X-rays diffracted by the nanocrystals dominates the diffraction pattern, offering a wealth of structural information. By treating nanocrystals as scattering sources forming a self-probing interferometer, we developed a multilayer diffraction method that enabled the accurate determination of the nanocrystal size, interparticle spacing, and their fluctuations for samples of self-assembled CsPbBr3 and PbS nanomaterials. The multilayer diffraction method requires only a laboratory-grade diffractometer and an open-source fitting algorithm for data analysis. The average nanocrystal displacement of 0.33 to 1.43 Å in the studied superlattices provides a figure of merit for their structural perfection and approaches the atomic displacement parameters found in traditional crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Toso
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- International Doctoral Program in Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Dmitry Baranov
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Altamura
- Istituto di Cristallografia - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC-CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Scattarella
- Istituto di Cristallografia - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC-CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Jakob Dahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xingzhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sergio Marras
- Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andrej Singer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Istituto di Cristallografia - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC-CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Liberato Manna
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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23
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Bagiński M, Pedrazo-Tardajos A, Altantzis T, Tupikowska M, Vetter A, Tomczyk E, Suryadharma RN, Pawlak M, Andruszkiewicz A, Górecka E, Pociecha D, Rockstuhl C, Bals S, Lewandowski W. Understanding and Controlling the Crystallization Process in Reconfigurable Plasmonic Superlattices. ACS NANO 2021; 15:4916-4926. [PMID: 33621046 PMCID: PMC8028333 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The crystallization of nanomaterials is a primary source of solid-state, photonic structures. Thus, a detailed understanding of this process is of paramount importance for the successful application of photonic nanomaterials in emerging optoelectronic technologies. While colloidal crystallization has been thoroughly studied, for example, with advanced in situ electron microscopy methods, the noncolloidal crystallization (freezing) of nanoparticles (NPs) remains so far unexplored. To fill this gap, in this work, we present proof-of-principle experiments decoding a crystallization of reconfigurable assemblies of NPs at a solid state. The chosen material corresponds to an excellent testing bed, as it enables both in situ and ex situ investigation using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and optical spectroscopy in visible and ultraviolet range (UV-vis) techniques. In particular, ensemble measurements with small-angle XRD highlighted the dependence of the correlation length in the NPs assemblies on the number of heating/cooling cycles and the rate of cooling. Ex situ TEM imaging further supported these results by revealing a dependence of domain size and structure on the sample preparation route and by showing we can control the domain size over 2 orders of magnitude. The application of HAADF-STEM tomography, combined with in situ thermal control, provided three-dimensional single-particle level information on the positional order evolution within assemblies. This combination of real and reciprocal space provides insightful information on the anisotropic, reversibly reconfigurable assemblies of NPs. TEM measurements also highlighted the importance of interfaces in the polydomain structure of nanoparticle solids, allowing us to understand experimentally observed differences in UV-vis extinction spectra of the differently prepared crystallites. Overall, the obtained results show that the combination of in situ heating HAADF-STEM tomography with XRD and ex situ TEM techniques is a powerful approach to study nanoparticle freezing processes and to reveal the crucial impact of disorder in the solid-state aggregates of NPs on their plasmonic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Bagiński
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteura St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrián Pedrazo-Tardajos
- Electron
Microscopy for Materials Research, University
of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan, 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thomas Altantzis
- Electron
Microscopy for Materials Research, University
of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan, 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Martyna Tupikowska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteura St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andreas Vetter
- Institute
of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ewelina Tomczyk
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteura St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Radius N.S. Suryadharma
- Institute
of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mateusz Pawlak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteura St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Andruszkiewicz
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteura St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Department
of Chemistry, Uppsala Universitet, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ewa Górecka
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteura St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Pociecha
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteura St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carsten Rockstuhl
- Institute
of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron
Microscopy for Materials Research, University
of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan, 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- (S.B.)
| | - Wiktor Lewandowski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteura St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- (W.L.)
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24
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Yang D, Zhao P. Ligand-Induced Motion and Self-Assembly Pathways between Nanocubes. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2429-2436. [PMID: 33661007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle motion and self-assembly have been regarded as a promising pathway for forming ordered nanostructures. However, the detailed dynamics processes induced by ligand involvement remained poorly understood. Here, we used in situ liquid-cell electron microscopy technology to image the formation of face-to-face Pt cube ordered structures: pairs, linear chains, and squares. The van der Waals interaction between the two neighboring cubes was quantified in real time. Interestingly, the two different formation processes of the square phase were achieved via a rotational and translational method. It is found that the space between two neighboring cubes was the same as the ex-TEM results. The density functional theory calculation demonstrated that it was attributed to the DMF ligand interactions of the cubes that promoted their face-to-face attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Zhang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Laboratory and Equipment Management Department, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dapeng Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Laboratory and Equipment Management Department, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
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25
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Costanzo S, Ngo AT, Russier V, Albouy PA, Simon G, Colomban P, Salzemann C, Richardi J, Lisiecki I. Enhanced structural and magnetic properties of fcc colloidal crystals of cobalt nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:24020-24029. [PMID: 33245306 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05517d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the elaboration of supercrystals made up of dodecanoic acid-coated 8.1 nm-Co nanocrystals with controlled supercrystallinity, morphology and magnetic properties. Supercrystal growth is controlled using a solvent-mediated ligand-ligand interaction strategy. Either face-centered cubic supercrystalline films or single colloidal crystals composed of cobalt nanocrystals are obtained. The change in supercrystal morphology is explained by Flory-type solvation theory using Hansen solubility colloidal parameters. The use of the same batch of Co nanocrystals for the fabrication of supercrystalline films and colloidal crystals enables accurate comparative structural and magnetic studies using (high-resolution) transmission electron microscopy, field emission gun scanning electron microscopy, grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering and vibrating sample magnetometry. The nearest neighbor distance between nanoparticles is interpreted using theoretical models proposed in the literature. We evidence the increase in both geometric anisotropy and magnetic dipolar interactions for colloidal crystals compared to supercrystalline films.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Costanzo
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, De la Molécule aux Nano-Objets: Réactivité, Interactions Spectroscopies, MONARIS, 75005, Paris, France.
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26
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Hinsley GN, Kewish CM, van Riessen GA. Dynamic coherent diffractive imaging using unsupervised identification of spatiotemporal constraints. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:36862-36872. [PMID: 33379770 DOI: 10.1364/oe.408530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) reveals the fine details of structural, chemical, and biological processes occurring at the nanoscale but imposes strict constraints on the object distribution and illumination. Ptychographic CDI relaxes these constraints by exploiting redundant information in data obtained from overlapping regions of an object, but its time resolution is inherently limited. We have extended ptychographic redundancy into the spatiotemporal domain in dynamic CDI, automatically identifying redundant information in time-series coherent diffraction data obtained from dynamic systems. Simulated synchrotron experiments show that high spatiotemporal resolution is achieved without a priori knowledge of the object or its dynamics.
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27
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Saxena V, Portale G. Contribution of Ex-Situ and In-Situ X-ray Grazing Incidence Scattering Techniques to the Understanding of Quantum Dot Self-Assembly: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2240. [PMID: 33198138 PMCID: PMC7696246 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots are under intense research, given their amazing properties which favor their use in electronics, optoelectronics, energy, medicine and other important applications. For many of these technological applications, quantum dots are used in their ordered self-assembled form, called superlattice. Understanding the mechanism of formation of the superlattices is crucial to designing quantum dots devices with desired properties. Here we review some of the most important findings about the formation of such superlattices that have been derived using grazing incidence scattering techniques (grazing incidence small and wide angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS/GIWAXS)). Acquisition of these structural information is essential to developing some of the most important underlying theories in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishesh Saxena
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen AG 9747, The Netherlands;
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Material, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen AG 9747, The Netherlands
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28
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Kolegov K, Barash L. Applying droplets and films in evaporative lithography. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 285:102271. [PMID: 33010576 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This review covers experimental results of evaporative lithography and analyzes existing mathematical models of this method. Evaporating droplets and films are used in different fields, such as cooling of heated surfaces of electronic devices, diagnostics in health care, creation of transparent conductive coatings on flexible substrates, and surface patterning. A method called evaporative lithography emerged after the connection between the coffee ring effect taking place in drying colloidal droplets and naturally occurring inhomogeneous vapor flux densities from liquid-vapor interfaces was established. Essential control of the colloidal particle deposit patterns is achieved in this method by producing ambient conditions that induce a nonuniform evaporation profile from the colloidal liquid surface. Evaporative lithography is part of a wider field known as "evaporative-induced self-assembly" (EISA). EISA involves methods based on contact line processes, methods employing particle interaction effects, and evaporative lithography. As a rule, evaporative lithography is a flexible and single-stage process with such advantages as simplicity, low price, and the possibility of application to almost any substrate without pretreatment. Since there is no mechanical impact on the template in evaporative lithography, the template integrity is preserved in the process. The method is also useful for creating materials with localized functions, such as slipperiness and self-healing. For these reasons, evaporative lithography attracts increasing attention and has a number of noticeable achievements at present. We also analyze limitations of the approach and ways of its further development.
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29
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Etemadi H, Plieger PG. Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia Based on Magnetic Nanoparticles: Physical Characteristics, Historical Perspective, Clinical Trials, Technological Challenges, and Recent Advances. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Etemadi
- School of Fundamental Sciences Massey University Palmerston North 4474 New Zealand
| | - Paul G. Plieger
- School of Fundamental Sciences Massey University Palmerston North 4474 New Zealand
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30
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Deng K, Luo Z, Tan L, Quan Z. Self-assembly of anisotropic nanoparticles into functional superstructures. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6002-6038. [PMID: 32692337 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00541j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) into superstructures offers a flexible and promising pathway to manipulate the nanometer-sized particles and thus make full use of their unique properties. This bottom-up strategy builds a bridge between the NP regime and a new class of transformative materials across multiple length scales for technological applications. In this field, anisotropic NPs with size- and shape-dependent physical properties as self-assembly building blocks have long fascinated scientists. Self-assembly of anisotropic NPs not only opens up exciting opportunities to engineer a variety of intriguing and complex superlattice architectures, but also provides access to discover emergent collective properties that stem from their ordered arrangement. Thus, this has stimulated enormous research interests in both fundamental science and technological applications. This present review comprehensively summarizes the latest advances in this area, and highlights their rich packing behaviors from the viewpoint of NP shape. We provide the basics of the experimental techniques to produce NP superstructures and structural characterization tools, and detail the delicate assembled structures. Then the current understanding of the assembly dynamics is discussed with the assistance of in situ studies, followed by emergent collective properties from these NP assemblies. Finally, we end this article with the remaining challenges and outlook, hoping to encourage further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerong Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Zhishan Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Zewei Quan
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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31
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Josten E, Angst M, Glavic A, Zakalek P, Rücker U, Seeck OH, Kovács A, Wetterskog E, Kentzinger E, Dunin-Borkowski RE, Bergström L, Brückel T. Strong size selectivity in the self-assembly of rounded nanocubes into 3D mesocrystals. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2020; 5:1065-1072. [PMID: 32542274 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00117a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of nanoparticles into highly ordered crystals is largely influenced by variations in the size and shape of the constituent particles, with crystallization generally not observed if their polydispersity is too large. Here, we report on size selectivity in the self-assembly of rounded cubic maghemite nanoparticles into three-dimensional mesocrystals. Different X-ray scattering techniques are used to study and compare a nanoparticle dispersion that is used later for self-assembly, an ensemble of mesocrystals grown on a substrate, as well as an individual mesocrystal. The individual μm-sized mesocrystal is isolated using a focused-ion-beam-based technique and investigated by the diffraction of a micro-focused X-ray beam. Structural analysis reveals that individual mesocrystals have a drastically smaller size dispersity of nanoparticles than that in the initial dispersion, implying very strong size selectivity during self-assembly. The small size dispersity of the nanoparticles within individual mesocrystals is accompanied by a very narrow lattice parameter distribution. In contrast, the lattice parameter distribution within all mesocrystals of an ensemble is about four times wider than that of individual mesocrystals, indicating significant size fractionalization between mesocrystals during self-assembly. The small size dispersity within each mesocrystal has important implications for their physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Josten
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) and Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI), JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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32
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Missoni LL, Tagliazucchi M. The Phase Behavior of Nanoparticle Superlattices in the Presence of a Solvent. ACS NANO 2020; 14:5649-5658. [PMID: 32286787 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Superlattices of nanoparticles coated by alkyl-chain ligands are usually prepared from a stable solution by evaporation, therefore the pathway of superlattice self-assembly critically depends on the amount of solvent present within it. This work addresses the role of the solvent on the structure and the relative stability of the different supercrystalline phases of single-component superlattices (simple cubic, body-centered cubic (BCC), face-centered cubic (FCC), and hexagonal close-packed). The study is performed with a molecular theory for nanoparticle superlattices introduced in this work, which predicts the structure and thermodynamics of the supercrystals explicitly treating the presence and molecular details of the solvent and the ligands. The theory predicts a FCC-BCC transition with decreasing solvent content due to the competition between the translational entropy of the solvent and the entropy and internal energy of the ligands. This result provides an explanation for recent experimental observations by in situ X-ray scattering, which reported a FCC-BCC transition during solvent evaporation. The theory also predicts the effects of the length and surface coverage of the ligands and the radius of the core on the phase behavior in agreement with experimental evidence and previous molecular dynamics simulations. These results validate the use of the dimensionless softness parameter λ (ratio of ligand length to core radius) to predict the phase behavior of wet superlattices. Our results stress the importance of explicitly considering the presence of the solvent in order to reach a complete picture of the mechanisms that mediate the self-assembly of nanoparticle superlattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro L Missoni
- Instituto de Quı́mica Fı́sica de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energı́a and Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica Analı́tica y Quı́mica Fı́sica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Mario Tagliazucchi
- Instituto de Quı́mica Fı́sica de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energı́a and Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica Analı́tica y Quı́mica Fı́sica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
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33
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Qdemat A, Kentzinger E, Buitenhuis J, Rücker U, Ganeva M, Brückel T. Self assembled monolayer of silica nanoparticles with improved order by drop casting. RSC Adv 2020; 10:18339-18347. [PMID: 35517239 PMCID: PMC9053724 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00936a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reports on the formation of large area, self assembled, highly ordered monolayers of stearyl alcohol grafted silica nanospheres of ≈50 nm diameter on a silicon substrate based on the drop-casting method. Our novel approach to achieve improved order uses stearyl alcohol as an assistant by adding it to the colloidal NanoParticle (NP) dispersion from which the monolayers are formed. Additionally, a heat treatment step is added, to melt the stearyl alcohol in the monolayer and thereby give the particles more time to further self-assemble, leading to additional improvement in the monolayer quality. The formation of the monolayers is significantly affected by the concentration of the NPs and the stearyl alcohol, the volume of the drop as well as the time of the heat treatment. A high surface coverage and uniform monolayer film of SiO2 NPs is achieved by appropriate control of the above-mentioned preparation parameters. Structural characterization of the obtained SiO2 NP monolayer was done locally by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and globally by X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), where the data was reproduced by simulation within the Distorted Wave Born Approximation (DWBA). In conclusion, our modified drop-casting method is a simple, inexpensive method, which provides highly ordered self-assembled monolayers of silica particles, if combined with a compatible additive and a heat treatment step. This method might be more general and also applicable to different particles after finding an appropriate additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Qdemat
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science, Peter Grünberg Institute, JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
- RWTH Aachen, Lehrstuhl für Experimentalphysik IVc, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-FIT) 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Emmanuel Kentzinger
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science, Peter Grünberg Institute, JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Johan Buitenhuis
- Biomacromolecular Systems and Processes, IBI-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Ulrich Rücker
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science, Peter Grünberg Institute, JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Marina Ganeva
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Center for Neutron Science at MLZ Lichtenberg Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Thomas Brückel
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science, Peter Grünberg Institute, JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
- RWTH Aachen, Lehrstuhl für Experimentalphysik IVc, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-FIT) 52074 Aachen Germany
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34
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Cepeda-Perez E, Doblas D, Kraus T, de Jonge N. Electron microscopy of nanoparticle superlattice formation at a solid-liquid interface in nonpolar liquids. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba1404. [PMID: 32426507 PMCID: PMC7220325 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle superlattice films form at the solid-liquid interface and are important for mesoscale materials, but are notoriously difficult to analyze before they are fully dried. Here, the early stages of nanoparticle assembly were studied at solid-liquid interfaces using liquid-phase electron microscopy. Oleylamine-stabilized gold nanoparticles spontaneously formed thin layers on a silicon nitride (SiN) membrane window of the liquid enclosure. Dense packings of hexagonal symmetry were obtained for the first monolayer independent of the nonpolar solvent type. The second layer, however, exhibited geometries ranging from dense packing in a hexagonal honeycomb structure to quasi-crystalline particle arrangements depending on the dielectric constant of the liquid. The complex structures formed by the weaker interactions in the second particle layer were preserved, while the surface remained immersed in liquid. Fine-tuning the properties of the involved materials can thus be used to control the three-dimensional geometry of a superlattice including quasi-crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Cepeda-Perez
- INM—Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - D. Doblas
- INM—Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - T. Kraus
- INM—Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - N. de Jonge
- INM—Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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35
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Russier V, Alonso JJ. Phase diagram of a three-dimensional dipolar Ising model with textured Ising axes. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:135804. [PMID: 31822639 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab6047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study from tempered Monte Carlo simulations the magnetic phase diagram of a textured dipolar Ising model on a face centered cubic lattice. The Ising coupling of the model follow the dipole-dipole interaction. The Ising axes are distributed with a uniaxial symmetry along the [Formula: see text] direction with a Gaussian probability density of the polar angles. This distribution provides a quenched disorder realization of the dipolar Ising model making a continuous link between the parallel axes dipoles and the random axes dipole models. As expected the phase diagram presents three distinctive phases: paramagnetic, ferromagnetic and spin-glass. A quasi long range ferromagnetic and a reentrant spin-glass phases are obtained in the vicinity of the ferromagnetic spin-glass line. This model provides a way to predict the magnetic phases of magnetic nanoparticles supracrystals in terms of the texturation of the easy axes distribution in the strong anisotropy limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Russier
- ICMPE, UMR 7182 CNRS and UPE 2-8 rue Henri Dunant 94320 Thiais, France
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36
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Lokteva I, Koof M, Walther M, Grübel G, Lehmkühler F. Coexistence of hcp and bct Phases during In Situ Superlattice Assembly from Faceted Colloidal Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6331-6338. [PMID: 31578064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We study the in situ self-assembly of faceted PbS nanocrystals from colloidal suspensions upon controlled solvent evaporation using time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray cross-correlation analysis. In our bulk-sensitive experiment in transmission geometry, the superlattice crystallization is observed in real time, revealing a hexagonal closed-packed (hcp) structure followed by formation of a body-centered cubic (bcc) superlattice. The bcc superlattice undergoes continuous tetragonal distortion in the solvated state shortly after its formation, resulting in the body-centered tetragonal (bct) structure. Upon solvent evaporation, the bct superstructure becomes more pronounced with the still coexisting hcp phase. These findings corroborate the existing simulations of assembling cuboctahedral-shaped particles and illustrate that we observed the predicted equilibrium states. This work is essential for a deeper understanding of the fundamental forces that direct nanocrystal assembly including nanocrystal shape and ligand coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lokteva
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestraße 85 , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , Luruper Chaussee 149 , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Michael Koof
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestraße 85 , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , Luruper Chaussee 149 , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Michael Walther
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestraße 85 , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestraße 85 , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , Luruper Chaussee 149 , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestraße 85 , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , Luruper Chaussee 149 , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
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García-Lojo D, Núñez-Sánchez S, Gómez-Graña S, Grzelczak M, Pastoriza-Santos I, Pérez-Juste J, Liz-Marzán LM. Plasmonic Supercrystals. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:1855-1864. [PMID: 31243968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
For decades, plasmonic nanoparticles have been extensively studied due to their extraordinary properties, related to localized surface plasmon resonances. A milestone in the field has been the development of the so-called seed-mediated growth method, a synthetic route that provided access to an extraordinary diversity of metal nanoparticles with tailored size, geometry and composition. Such a morphological control came along with an exquisite definition of the optical response of plasmonic nanoparticles, thereby increasing their prospects for implementation in various fields. The susceptibility of surface plasmons to respond to small changes in the surrounding medium or to perturb (enhance/quench) optical processes in nearby molecules, has been exploited for a wide range of applications, from biomedicine to energy harvesting. However, the possibilities offered by plasmonic nanoparticles can be expanded even further by their careful assembly into either disordered or ordered structures, in 2D and 3D. The assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles gives rise to coupling/hybridization effects, which are strongly dependent on interparticle spacing and orientation, generating extremely high electric fields (hot spots), confined at interparticle gaps. Thus, the use of plasmonic nanoparticle assemblies as optical sensors have led to improving the limits of detection for a wide variety of (bio)molecules and ions. Importantly, in the case of highly ordered plasmonic arrays, other novel and unique optical effects can be generated. Indeed, new functional materials have been developed via the assembly of nanoparticles into highly ordered architectures, ranging from thin films (2D) to colloidal crystals or supercrystals (3D). The progress in the design and fabrication of 3D supercrystals could pave the way toward next generation plasmonic sensors, photocatalysts, optomagnetic components, metamaterials, etc. In this Account, we summarize selected recent advancements in the field of highly ordered 3D plasmonic superlattices. We first analyze their fascinating optical properties for various systems with increasing degrees of complexity, from an individual metal nanoparticle through particle clusters with low coordination numbers to disordered self-assembled structures and finally to supercrystals. We then describe recent progress in the fabrication of 3D plasmonic supercrystals, focusing on specific strategies but without delving into the forces governing the self-assembly process. In the last section, we provide an overview of the potential applications of plasmonic supercrystals, with a particular emphasis on those related to surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing, followed by a brief highlight of the main conclusions and remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel García-Lojo
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Sara Núñez-Sánchez
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Sergio Gómez-Graña
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Marek Grzelczak
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia−San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Isabel Pastoriza-Santos
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Jorge Pérez-Juste
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Luis M. Liz-Marzán
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- CIC biomaGUNE and CIBER-BBN, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia−San Sebastián, Spain
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38
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Acoustomicrofluidic assembly of oriented and simultaneously activated metal-organic frameworks. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2282. [PMID: 31123252 PMCID: PMC6533252 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The high surface area and porosity, and limitless compound and network combinations between the metal ions and organic ligands making up metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offer tremendous opportunities for their use in many applications. While numerous methods have been proposed for the synthesis of MOF powders, it is often difficult to obtain oriented crystals with these techniques. Further, the need for additional post-synthesis steps to activate the crystals and release them from the substrate presents a considerable production challenge. Here, we report an acoustically-driven microcentrifugation platform that facilitates fast convective solutal transport, allowing the synthesis of MOF crystals in as short as five minutes. The crystals are not only oriented due to long-range out-of-plane superlattice ordering aided by molecular dipole polarization under the acoustoelectric coupling, but also simultaneously activated during the synthesis process. The growth of oriented crystalline metal–organic frameworks is desirable to exploit their surface area and porosity, but has proven difficult. Here the authors fabricate highly-oriented and simultaneously activated free-standing MOFs by an acoustically driven microcentrifugation platform.
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Lokteva I, Koof M, Walther M, Grübel G, Lehmkühler F. Monitoring Nanocrystal Self-Assembly in Real Time Using In Situ Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900438. [PMID: 30993864 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled nanocrystal superlattices have attracted large scientific attention due to their potential technological applications. However, the nucleation and growth mechanisms of superlattice assemblies remain largely unresolved due to experimental difficulties to monitor intermediate states. Here, the self-assembly of colloidal PbS nanocrystals is studied in real time by a combination of controlled solvent evaporation from the bulk solution and in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) in transmission geometry. For the first time for the investigated system a hexagonal closed-packed (hcp) superlattice formed in a solvent vapor saturated atmosphere is observed during slow solvent evaporation from a colloidal suspension. The highly ordered hcp superlattice is followed by a transition into the final body-centered cubic superlattice upon complete drying. Additionally, X-ray cross-correlation analysis of Bragg reflections is applied to access information on precursor structures in the assembly process, which is not evident from conventional SAXS analysis. The detailed evolution of the crystal structure with time provides key results for understanding the assembly mechanism and the role of ligand-solvent interactions, which is important both for fundamental research and for fabrication of superlattices with desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lokteva
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Koof
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Walther
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
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40
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Brunner JJ, Krumova M, Cölfen H, Sturm (née Rosseeva) EV. Magnetic field-assisted assembly of iron oxide mesocrystals: a matter of nanoparticle shape and magnetic anisotropy. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:894-900. [PMID: 31165016 PMCID: PMC6541330 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This letter describes the formation and detailed characterization of iron oxide mesocrystals produced by the directed assembly of superparamagnetic iron oxide-truncated nanocubes using the slow evaporation of the solvent within an externally applied homogeneous magnetic field. Anisotropic mesocrystals with an elongation along the direction of the magnetic field can be produced. The structure of the directed mesocrystals is compared to self-assembled mesocrystalline films, which are formed without the influence of a magnetic field. The remarkable structural difference of mesocrystals produced within the external magnetic field from those self-assembled without field indicates that the specific nanoparticle ordering within the superstructure is driven by competing of two types of anisotropic interactions caused by particle shape (i.e., faceting) and orientation of the magnetic moment (i.e., easy axes: <111>magnetite). Hence, these findings provide a fundamental understanding of formation mechanisms and structuring of mesocrystals built up from superparamagnetic nanoparticles and how a magnetic field can be used to design anisotropic mesocrystals with different structures.
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41
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Domènech B, Kampferbeck M, Larsson E, Krekeler T, Bor B, Giuntini D, Blankenburg M, Ritter M, Müller M, Vossmeyer T, Weller H, Schneider GA. Hierarchical supercrystalline nanocomposites through the self-assembly of organically-modified ceramic nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3435. [PMID: 30837545 PMCID: PMC6401156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39934-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials often display outstanding combinations of mechanical properties thanks to their hierarchical structuring, which occurs through a dynamically and biologically controlled growth and self-assembly of their main constituents, typically mineral and protein. However, it is still challenging to obtain this ordered multiscale structural organization in synthetic 3D-nanocomposite materials. Herein, we report a new bottom-up approach for the synthesis of macroscale hierarchical nanocomposite materials in a single step. By controlling the content of organic phase during the self-assembly of monodisperse organically-modified nanoparticles (iron oxide with oleyl phosphate), either purely supercrystalline or hierarchically structured supercrystalline nanocomposite materials are obtained. Beyond a critical concentration of organic phase, a hierarchical material is consistently formed. In such a hierarchical material, individual organically-modified ceramic nanoparticles (Level 0) self-assemble into supercrystals in face-centered cubic superlattices (Level 1), which in turn form granules of up to hundreds of micrometers (Level 2). These micrometric granules are the constituents of the final mm-sized material. This approach demonstrates that the local concentration of organic phase and nano-building blocks during self-assembly controls the final material's microstructure, and thus enables the fine-tuning of inorganic-organic nanocomposites' mechanical behavior, paving the way towards the design of novel high-performance structural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Domènech
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Kampferbeck
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Emanuel Larsson
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Tobias Krekeler
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Büsra Bor
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diletta Giuntini
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Blankenburg
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Martin Ritter
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Tobias Vossmeyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerold A Schneider
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany.
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42
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Lokteva I, Walther M, Koof M, Grübel G, Lehmkühler F. In situ small-angle X-ray scattering environment for studying nanocrystal self-assembly upon controlled solvent evaporation. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:036103. [PMID: 30927793 DOI: 10.1063/1.5082685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a sample environment for the investigation of nanoparticle self-assembly from a colloidal solution via controlled solvent evaporation using in situ small-angle X-ray scattering. Nanoparticles form ordered superlattices in the evaporative assembly along the X-ray transparent windows of a three-dimensional sample cell. The special design of the sample cell allows for monitoring the superlattice formation and transformation at different stages of the assembly process during the movement of the evaporation front in real time. The presented sample environment can be used to study the self-organization of a wide range of colloidal particles and other soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lokteva
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Walther
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Koof
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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43
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Kapuscinski M, Agthe M, Bergström L. Time-resolved viscoelastic properties of self-assembling iron oxide nanocube superlattices probed by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 522:104-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Preparation of Water Suspensions of Nanocalcite for Cultural Heritage Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8040254. [PMID: 29671800 PMCID: PMC5923584 DOI: 10.3390/nano8040254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The consolidation of degraded carbonate stone used in ancient monuments is an important topic for European cultural heritage conservation. The products most frequently used as consolidants are based on tetraalkoxy- or alkylalkoxy-silanes (in particular tetraethyl-orthosilicate, TEOS), resulting in the formation of relatively stable amorphous silica or alkylated (hydrophobic) silica inside the stone pores. However, silica is not chemically compatible with carbonate stones; in this respect, nanocalcite may be a suitable alternative. The present work concerns the preparation of water suspensions of calcite nanoparticles (CCNPs) by controlled carbonation of slaked lime using a pilot-scale reactor. A simplified design of experiment was adopted for product optimization. Calcite nanoparticles of narrow size distribution averaging about 30 nm were successfully obtained, the concentration of the interfacial agent and the size of CaO being the most critical parameters. Primary nanoparticle aggregation causing flocculation could be substantially prevented by the addition of polymeric dispersants. Copolymer-based dispersants were produced in situ by controlled heterophase polymerisation mediated by an amphiphilic macro-RAFT (reversible addition-fragmentation transfer) agent. The stabilized CCNP aqueous dispersions were then applied on carbonate and silicate substrates; Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)analysis of cross-sections allowed the evaluation of pore penetration, interfacial binding, and bridging (gap-filling) properties of these novel consolidants.
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45
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Kim BH, Yang J, Lee D, Choi BK, Hyeon T, Park J. Liquid-Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy for Studying Colloidal Inorganic Nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1703316. [PMID: 29178589 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
For the past few decades, nanoparticles of various sizes, shapes, and compositions have been synthesized and utilized in many different applications. However, due to a lack of analytical tools that can characterize structural changes at the nanoscale level, many of their growth and transformation processes are not yet well understood. The recently developed technique of liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has gained much attention as a new tool to directly observe chemical reactions that occur in solution. Due to its high spatial and temporal resolution, this technique is widely employed to reveal fundamental mechanisms of nanoparticle growth and transformation. Here, the technical developments for liquid-phase TEM together with their application to the study of solution-phase nanoparticle chemistry are summarized. Two types of liquid cells that can be used in the high-vacuum conditions required by TEM are discussed, followed by recent in situ TEM studies of chemical reactions of colloidal nanoparticles. New findings on the growth mechanism, transformation, and motion of nanoparticles are subsequently discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Hyo Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoong Yang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghoon Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Back Kyu Choi
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Park
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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46
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A New Label-Free Technique for Analysing Evaporation Induced Self-Assembly of Viral Nanoparticles Based on Enhanced Dark-Field Optical Imaging. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 8:nano8010001. [PMID: 29271875 PMCID: PMC5791088 DOI: 10.3390/nano8010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle self-assembly is a complex phenomenon, the control of which is complicated by the lack of appropriate tools and techniques for monitoring the phenomenon with adequate resolution in real-time. In this work, a label-free technique based on dark-field microscopy was developed to investigate the self-assembly of nanoparticles. A bio-nanoparticle with complex shape (T4 bacteriophage) that self-assembles on glass substrates upon drying was developed. The fluid flow regime during the drying process, as well as the final self-assembled structures, were studied using dark-field microscopy, while phage diffusion was analysed by tracking of the phage nanoparticles in the bulk solutions. The concentrations of T4 phage nanoparticles and salt ions were identified as the main parameters influencing the fluid flow, particle motion and, consequently, the resulting self-assembled structure. This work demonstrates the utility of enhanced dark-field microscopy as a label-free technique for the observation of drying-induced self-assembly of bacteriophage T4. This technique provides the ability to track the nano-sized particles in different matrices and serves as a strong tool for monitoring self-assembled structures and bottom-up assembly of nano-sized building blocks in real-time.
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47
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Cheng S, Stevens MJ, Grest GS. Ordering nanoparticles with polymer brushes. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:224901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5006048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shengfeng Cheng
- Department of Physics, Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Mark J. Stevens
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Gary S. Grest
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
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