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Eustes AS, Ahmed A, Swamy J, Patil G, Jensen M, Wilson KM, Kudchadkar S, Wahab A, Perepu U, Miller FJ, Lentz SR, Dayal S. Extracellular histones: a unifying mechanism driving platelet-dependent extracellular vesicle release and thrombus formation in COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost 2024:S1538-7836(24)00305-2. [PMID: 38815756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 can cause profound inflammation and coagulopathy, and while many mechanisms have been proposed, there is no known common pathway leading to a prothrombotic state. OBJECTIVES From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, elevated levels of extracellular histones have been found in plasma of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. We hypothesized that platelet activation triggered by extracellular histones might represent a unifying mechanism leading to increased thrombin generation and thrombosis. METHODS We utilized blood samples collected from an early clinical trial of hospitalized COVID-19 patients (NCT04360824) and recruited healthy subjects as controls. Using plasma samples, we measured the procoagulant and prothrombotic potential of circulating extracellular histones and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Platelet prothrombotic activity was assessed via thrombin generation potential and platelet thrombus growth. Circulating EVs were assessed for thrombin generation potential in vitro in plasma and enhancement of thrombotic susceptibility in vivo in mice. RESULTS Compared with controls, COVID-19 patients had elevated plasma levels of citrullinated histone H3, cell-free DNA, nucleosomes, and EVs. Plasma from COVID-19 patients promoted platelet activation, platelet-dependent thrombin generation, thrombus growth under venous shear stress, and release of platelet-derived EVs. These prothrombotic effects of COVID-19 plasma were inhibited by an RNA aptamer that neutralizes both free and DNA-bound histones. EVs isolated from COVID-19 plasma enhanced thrombin generation in vitro and potentiated venous thrombosis in mice in vivo. CONCLUSION We conclude that extracellular histones and procoagulant EVs drive the prothrombotic state in COVID-19 and that histone-targeted therapy may prove beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia S Eustes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Azaj Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jagadish Swamy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Gokul Patil
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Melissa Jensen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Katina M Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Shibani Kudchadkar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Abdul Wahab
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Usha Perepu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Francis J Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Steven R Lentz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Sanjana Dayal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Iowa City VA Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
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Zifkos K, Bochenek ML, Gogiraju R, Robert S, Pedrosa D, Kiouptsi K, Moiko K, Wagner M, Mahfoud F, Poncelet P, Münzel T, Ruf W, Reinhardt C, Panicot-Dubois L, Dubois C, Schäfer K. Endothelial PTP1B Deletion Promotes VWF Exocytosis and Venous Thromboinflammation. Circ Res 2024; 134:e93-e111. [PMID: 38563147 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial activation promotes the release of procoagulant extracellular vesicles and inflammatory mediators from specialized storage granules. Endothelial membrane exocytosis is controlled by phosphorylation. We hypothesized that the absence of PTP1B (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B) in endothelial cells promotes venous thromboinflammation by triggering endothelial membrane fusion and exocytosis. METHODS Mice with inducible endothelial deletion of PTP1B (End.PTP1B-KO) underwent inferior vena cava ligation to induce stenosis and venous thrombosis. Primary endothelial cells from transgenic mice and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used for mechanistic studies. RESULTS Vascular ultrasound and histology showed significantly larger venous thrombi containing higher numbers of Ly6G (lymphocyte antigen 6 family member G)-positive neutrophils in mice with endothelial PTP1B deletion, and intravital microscopy confirmed the more pronounced neutrophil recruitment following inferior vena cava ligation. RT2 PCR profiler array and immunocytochemistry analysis revealed increased endothelial activation and adhesion molecule expression in primary End.PTP1B-KO endothelial cells, including CD62P (P-selectin) and VWF (von Willebrand factor). Pretreatment with the NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) kinase inhibitor BAY11-7082, antibodies neutralizing CD162 (P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1) or VWF, or arginylglycylaspartic acid integrin-blocking peptides abolished the neutrophil adhesion to End.PTP1B-KO endothelial cells in vitro. Circulating levels of annexin V+ procoagulant endothelial CD62E+ (E-selectin) and neutrophil (Ly6G+) extracellular vesicles were also elevated in End.PTP1B-KO mice after inferior vena cava ligation. Higher plasma MPO (myeloperoxidase) and Cit-H3 (citrullinated histone-3) levels and neutrophil elastase activity indicated neutrophil activation and extracellular trap formation. Infusion of End.PTP1B-KO extracellular vesicles into C57BL/6J wild-type mice most prominently enhanced the recruitment of endogenous neutrophils, and this response was blunted in VWF-deficient mice or by VWF-blocking antibodies. Reduced PTP1B binding and tyrosine dephosphorylation of SNAP23 (synaptosome-associated protein 23) resulting in increased VWF exocytosis and neutrophil adhesion were identified as mechanisms, all of which could be restored by NF-κB kinase inhibition using BAY11-7082. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that endothelial PTP1B deletion promotes venous thromboinflammation by enhancing SNAP23 phosphorylation, endothelial VWF exocytosis, and neutrophil recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Zifkos
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (K.Z., M.L.B., D.P., K.K., W.R., C.R.), University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Magdalena L Bochenek
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (K.Z., M.L.B., D.P., K.K., W.R., C.R.), University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I (M.L.B., R.G., K.M., T.M., K.S.), University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Rajinikanth Gogiraju
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I (M.L.B., R.G., K.M., T.M., K.S.), University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Stéphane Robert
- Aix Marseille University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) 1263, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Center (C2VN), France (S.R., L.P.-D., C.D.)
| | - Denise Pedrosa
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (K.Z., M.L.B., D.P., K.K., W.R., C.R.), University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Klytaimnistra Kiouptsi
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (K.Z., M.L.B., D.P., K.K., W.R., C.R.), University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Kateryna Moiko
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I (M.L.B., R.G., K.M., T.M., K.S.), University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Mathias Wagner
- Institute of Pathology, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany (M.W.)
| | - Felix Mahfoud
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.)
| | | | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I (M.L.B., R.G., K.M., T.M., K.S.), University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (K.Z., M.L.B., D.P., K.K., W.R., C.R.), University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (K.Z., M.L.B., D.P., K.K., W.R., C.R.), University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Laurence Panicot-Dubois
- Aix Marseille University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) 1263, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Center (C2VN), France (S.R., L.P.-D., C.D.)
| | - Christophe Dubois
- Aix Marseille University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) 1263, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Center (C2VN), France (S.R., L.P.-D., C.D.)
| | - Katrin Schäfer
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I (M.L.B., R.G., K.M., T.M., K.S.), University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
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Ebeyer-Masotta M, Eichhorn T, Fischer MB, Weber V. Impact of production methods and storage conditions on extracellular vesicles in packed red blood cells and platelet concentrates. Transfus Apher Sci 2024; 63:103891. [PMID: 38336556 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2024.103891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The use of blood and blood products can be life-saving, but there are also certain risks associated with their administration and use. Packed red blood cells (pRBCs) and platelet concentrates are the most commonly used blood products in transfusion medicine to treat anemia or acute and chronic bleeding disorders, respectively. During the production and storage of blood products, red blood cells and platelets release extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a result of the storage lesion, which may affect product quality. EVs are subcellular structures enclosed by a lipid bilayer and originate from the endosomal system or from the plasma membrane. They play a pivotal role in intercellular communication and are emerging as important regulators of inflammation and coagulation. Their cargo and their functional characteristics depend on the cell type from which they originate, as well as on their microenvironment, influencing their capacity to promote coagulation and inflammatory responses. Hence, the potential involvement of EVs in transfusion-related adverse events is increasingly recognized and studied. Here, we review the knowledge regarding the effect of production and storage conditions of pRBCs and platelet concentrates on the release of EVs. In this context, the mode of processing and anticoagulation, the influence of additive solutions and leukoreduction, as well as the storage duration will be addressed, and we discuss potential implications of EVs for the clinical outcome of transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ebeyer-Masotta
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Tanja Eichhorn
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Michael B Fischer
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria; Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria.
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4
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Almeria C, Weiss R, Keck M, Weber V, Kasper C, Egger D. Dynamic cultivation of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells for the production of extracellular vesicles in a 3D bioreactor system. Biotechnol Lett 2024; 46:279-293. [PMID: 38349512 PMCID: PMC10902030 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-024-03465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE 3D cell culture and hypoxia have been demonstrated to increase the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this study, a process for the production of MSC-EVs in a novel 3D bioreactor system under normoxic and hypoxic conditions was established and the resulting EVs were characterized. METHODS Human adipose-derived MSCs were seeded and cultured on a 3D membrane in the VITVO® bioreactor system for 7 days. Afterwards, MSC-EVs were isolated and characterized via fluorescence nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry with staining against annexin V (Anx5) as a marker for EVs exposing phosphatidylserine, as well as CD73 and CD90 as MSC surface markers. RESULTS Cultivation of MSC in the VITVO® bioreactor system demonstrated a higher concentration of MSC-EVs from the 3D bioreactor (9.1 × 109 ± 1.5 × 109 and 9.7 × 109 ± 3.1 × 109 particles/mL) compared to static 2D culture (4.2 × 109 ± 7.5 × 108 and 3.9 × 109 ± 3.0 × 108 particles/mL) under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, respectively. Also, the particle-to-protein ratio as a measure for the purity of EVs increased from 3.3 × 107 ± 1.1 × 107 particles/µg protein in 2D to 1.6 × 108 ± 8.3 × 106 particles/µg protein in 3D. Total MSC-EVs as well as CD73-CD90+ MSC-EVs were elevated in 2D normoxic conditions. The EV concentration and size did not differ significantly between normoxic and hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSION The production of MSC-EVs in a 3D bioreactor system under hypoxic conditions resulted in increased EV concentration and purity. This system could be especially useful in screening culture conditions for the production of 3D-derived MSC-EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciarra Almeria
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Culture Technology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - René Weiss
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Maike Keck
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Agaplesion Diakonieklinikum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Culture Technology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Egger
- Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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5
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Weiss R, Mostageer M, Eichhorn T, Huber S, Egger D, Spittler A, Tripisciano C, Kasper C, Weber V. The fluorochrome-to-protein ratio is crucial for the flow cytometric detection of tissue factor on extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6419. [PMID: 38494537 PMCID: PMC10944842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56841-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have crucial roles in hemostasis and coagulation. They sustain coagulation by exposing phosphatidylserine and initiate clotting by surface expression of tissue factor (TF) under inflammatory conditions. As their relevance as biomarkers of coagulopathy is increasingly recognized, there is a need for the sensitive and reliable detection of TF+ EVs, but their flow cytometric analysis is challenging and has yielded controversial findings for TF expression on EVs in the vascular system. We investigated the effect of different fluorochrome-to-protein (F/P) ratios of anti-TF-fluorochrome conjugates on the flow cytometric detection of TF+ EVs from activated monocytes, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and in COVID-19 plasma. Using a FITC-labeled anti-TF antibody (clone VD8), we show that the percentage of TF+ EVs declined with decreasing F/P ratios. TF was detected on 7.6%, 5.4%, and 1.1% of all EVs derived from activated monocytes at F/P ratios of 7.7:1, 6.6:1, and 5.2:1. A similar decline was observed for EVs from MSCs and for EVs in plasma, whereas the detection of TF on cells remained unaffected by different F/P ratios. We provide clear evidence that next to the antibody clone, the F/P ratio affects the flow cytometric detection of TF+ EVs and should be carefully controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Weiss
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Strasse 30, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Marwa Mostageer
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Strasse 30, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Tanja Eichhorn
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Strasse 30, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Silke Huber
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Egger
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Culture Technology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Spittler
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry & Surgical Research Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carla Tripisciano
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Culture Technology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Strasse 30, 3500, Krems, Austria.
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Vulliamy P, Armstrong PC. Platelets in Hemostasis, Thrombosis, and Inflammation After Major Trauma. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:545-557. [PMID: 38235557 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Trauma currently accounts for 10% of the total global burden of disease and over 5 million deaths per year, making it a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although recent advances in early resuscitation have improved early survival from critical injury, the mortality rate in patients with major hemorrhage approaches 50% even in mature trauma systems. A major determinant of clinical outcomes from a major injury is a complex, dynamic hemostatic landscape. Critically injured patients frequently present to the emergency department with an acute traumatic coagulopathy that increases mortality from bleeding, yet, within 48 to 72 hours after injury will switch from a hypocoagulable to a hypercoagulable state with increased risk of venous thromboembolism and multiple organ dysfunction. This review will focus on the role of platelets in these processes. As effectors of hemostasis and thrombosis, they are central to each phase of recovery from injury, and our understanding of postinjury platelet biology has dramatically advanced over the past decade. This review describes our current knowledge of the changes in platelet behavior that occur following major trauma, the mechanisms by which these changes develop, and the implications for clinical outcomes. Importantly, supported by research in other disease settings, this review also reflects the emerging role of thromboinflammation in trauma including cross talk between platelets, innate immune cells, and coagulation. We also address the unresolved questions and significant knowledge gaps that remain, and finally highlight areas that with the further study will help deliver further improvements in trauma care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Vulliamy
- Centre for Trauma Sciences (P.V.), Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul C Armstrong
- Centre for Immunobiology (P.C.A.), Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
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Sacchetti S, Puricelli C, Mennuni M, Zanotti V, Giacomini L, Giordano M, Dianzani U, Patti G, Rolla R. Research into New Molecular Mechanisms in Thrombotic Diseases Paves the Way for Innovative Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2523. [PMID: 38473772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis is a multifaceted process involving various molecular components, including the coagulation cascade, platelet activation, platelet-endothelial interaction, anticoagulant signaling pathways, inflammatory mediators, genetic factors and the involvement of various cells such as endothelial cells, platelets and leukocytes. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular signaling pathways and cell interactions that play a role in thrombosis is essential for the development of precise therapeutic strategies for the treatment and prevention of thrombotic diseases. Ongoing research in this field is constantly uncovering new molecular players and pathways that offer opportunities for more precise interventions in the clinical setting. These molecular insights into thrombosis form the basis for the development of targeted therapeutic approaches for the treatment and prevention of thrombotic disease. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the pathogenesis of thrombosis and to explore new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sacchetti
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Puricelli
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Mennuni
- Division of Cardiology, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Valentina Zanotti
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Giacomini
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mara Giordano
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Patti
- Division of Cardiology, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Roberta Rolla
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
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8
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Schaubmayr W, Hochreiter B, Hunyadi-Gulyas E, Riegler L, Schmidt K, Tiboldi A, Moser B, Klein KU, Krenn K, Scharbert G, Mohr T, Schmid JA, Spittler A, Tretter V. The Proteome of Extracellular Vesicles Released from Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelium Reveals Impact of Oxygen Conditions on Biotrauma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2415. [PMID: 38397093 PMCID: PMC10889365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The lung can experience different oxygen concentrations, low as in hypoxia, high as under supplemental oxygen therapy, or oscillating during intermittent hypoxia as in obstructive sleep apnea or intermittent hypoxia/hyperoxia due to cyclic atelectasis in the ventilated patient. This study aimed to characterize the oxygen-condition-specific protein composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells in vitro to decipher their potential role in biotrauma using quantitative proteomics with bioinformatic evaluation, transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and non-activated thromboelastometry (NATEM). The release of vesicles enriched in markers CD9/CD63/CD81 was enhanced under intermittent hypoxia, strong hyperoxia and intermittent hypoxia/hyperoxia. Particles with exposed phosphatidylserine were increased under intermittent hypoxia. A small portion of vesicles were tissue factor-positive, which was enhanced under intermittent hypoxia and intermittent hypoxia/hyperoxia. EVs from treatment with intermittent hypoxia induced a significant reduction of Clotting Time in NATEM analysis compared to EVs isolated after normoxic exposure, while after intermittent hypoxia/hyperoxia, tissue factor in EVs seems to be inactive. Gene set enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that EVs from individual oxygen conditions potentially induce different biological processes such as an inflammatory response under strong hyperoxia and intermittent hypoxia/hyperoxia and enhancement of tumor invasiveness under intermittent hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Schaubmayr
- Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (B.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Beatrix Hochreiter
- Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (B.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Eva Hunyadi-Gulyas
- Laboratory of Proteomics Research, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Louise Riegler
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katy Schmidt
- Core Facility of Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Akos Tiboldi
- Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (B.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus U. Klein
- Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (B.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Katharina Krenn
- Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (B.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Gisela Scharbert
- Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (B.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes A. Schmid
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Andreas Spittler
- Department of Surgery and Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Verena Tretter
- Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (B.H.); (K.K.)
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9
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Nash J, Davies A, Saunders CV, George CE, Williams JO, James PE. Quantitative increases of extracellular vesicles in prolonged cold storage of platelets increases the potential to enhance fibrin clot formation. Transfus Med 2023; 33:467-477. [PMID: 37553476 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) display a pro-coagulant phenotype and are generated throughout platelet concentrate (PC) storage. Cold storage (CS) of PCs is thought to provide a superior haemostatic advantage over room temperature (RT) storage and could prolong the storage time. However, the effect of storage conditions on EV generation and PC function is unknown. We investigated EV production under CS and RT conditions and assessed whether these EVs exhibited a more pro-coagulant phenotype in model experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Buffy-coat-derived PCs in a platelet additive solution (PAS) to plasma ratio of approximately 65:35 were stored at RT (22 ± 2°C) or CS (4 ± 2°C) for a prolonged storage duration of 20 days. Impedance aggregometry assessed platelet function. EVs were isolated throughout storage and quantified using nanoparticle tracking analysis. EVs were applied to a coagulation assay to assess the impact on fibrin clot formation and lysis. RESULTS CS produced significantly larger EVs from day 4 onwards. EV concentration was significantly increased in CS compared to RT from day 15. EVs, regardless of storage, significantly reduced time to clot formation and maximum optical density measured compared to the no EV control. Clot formation was proportionate to the number of EV applied but was not statistically different across storage conditions when corrected for EV number. CONCLUSION EVs in CS and RT units showed similar clot formation capacity. However, the higher number of larger EVs generated in CS compared to RT suggests PC units derived from CS conditions may overall exhibit a haemostatically superior capacity compared to RT storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nash
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
- Component Development and Research Laboratory, Welsh Blood Service, Pontyclun, UK
| | - A Davies
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - C V Saunders
- Component Development and Research Laboratory, Welsh Blood Service, Pontyclun, UK
| | - C E George
- Component Development and Research Laboratory, Welsh Blood Service, Pontyclun, UK
| | - J O Williams
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - P E James
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
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10
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Das K, Keshava S, Mukherjee T, Wang J, Magisetty J, Kolesnick R, Pendurthi UR, Rao LVM. Factor VIIa releases phosphatidylserine-enriched extracellular vesicles from endothelial cells by activating acid sphingomyelinase. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:3414-3431. [PMID: 37875382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our recent studies showed that activated factor (F) VII (FVIIa) releases extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the endothelium. FVIIa-released EVs were found to be enriched with phosphatidylserine (PS) and contribute to the hemostatic effect of FVIIa in thrombocytopenia and hemophilia. OBJECTIVE To investigate mechanisms by which FVIIa induces EV biogenesis and enriches EVs with PS. METHODS FVIIa activation of acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase) was evaluated by its translocation to the cell surface. The role of aSMase in the biogenesis of FVIIa-induced EVs and their enrichment with PS was investigated using specific siRNAs and inhibitors of aSMase and its downstream metabolites. Wild-type and aSMase-/- mice were injected with a control vehicle or FVIIa. EVs released into circulation were quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis. EVs hemostatic potential was assessed in a murine thrombocytopenia model. RESULTS FVIIa activation of aSMase is responsible for both the externalization of PS and the release of EVs in endothelial cells. FVIIa-induced aSMase activation led to ceramide generation and de novo expression of transmembrane protein 16F. Inhibitors of ceramidases, sphingosine kinase, or sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator blocked FVIIa-induced expression of transmembrane protein 16F and PS externalization without interfering with FVIIa release of EVs. In vivo, FVIIa release of EVs was markedly impaired in aSMase-/- mice compared with wild-type mice. Administration of a low dose of FVIIa, sufficient to induce EVs release, corrected bleeding associated with thrombocytopenia in wild-type mice but not in aSMase-/- mice. CONCLUSION Our study identifies a novel mechanism by which FVIIa induces PS externalization and releases PS-enriched EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Das
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, UT Tyler School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA.
| | - Shiva Keshava
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, UT Tyler School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Tanmoy Mukherjee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, UT Tyler School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, UT Tyler School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Jhansi Magisetty
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, UT Tyler School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | | | - Usha R Pendurthi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, UT Tyler School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - L Vijaya Mohan Rao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, UT Tyler School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA.
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11
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Lu Z, Li Y. New Clues to Cardiovascular Disease: Erythrocyte Lifespan. Aging Dis 2023; 14:2003-2014. [PMID: 37199588 PMCID: PMC10676783 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Determination of erythrocyte lifespan is an important part of the diagnosis of hemolytic diseases. Recent studies have revealed alterations in erythrocyte lifespan among patients with various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerotic coronary heart disease, hypertension, and heart failure. This review summarizes the progress of research on erythrocyte lifespan in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Lu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Yuanmin Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
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12
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Eichhorn T, Weiss R, Huber S, Ebeyer-Masotta M, Mostageer M, Emprechtinger R, Knabl L, Knabl L, Würzner R, Weber V. Expression of Tissue Factor and Platelet/Leukocyte Markers on Extracellular Vesicles Reflect Platelet-Leukocyte Interaction in Severe COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16886. [PMID: 38069209 PMCID: PMC10707108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 is frequently associated with thromboembolic complications. Increased platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation can amplify thrombotic responses by inducing tissue factor (TF) expression on leukocytes. Here, we characterized TF-positive extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their cellular origin in 12 patients suffering from severe COVID-19 (time course, 134 samples overall) and 25 healthy controls. EVs exposing phosphatidylserine (PS) were characterized by flow cytometry. Their cellular origin was determined by staining with anti-CD41, anti-CD45, anti-CD235a, and anti-CD105 as platelet, leukocyte, red blood cell, and endothelial markers. We further investigated the association of EVs with TF, platelet factor 4 (PF4), C-reactive protein (CRP), and high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1). COVID-19 patients showed higher levels of PS-exposing EVs compared to controls. The majority of these EVs originated from platelets. A higher amount of EVs in patient samples was associated with CRP, HMGB-1, PF4, and TF as compared to EVs from healthy donors. In COVID-19 samples, 16.5% of all CD41+ EVs displayed the leukocyte marker CD45, and 55.5% of all EV aggregates (CD41+CD45+) co-expressed TF, which reflects the interaction of platelets and leukocytes in COVID-19 on an EV level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Eichhorn
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (R.W.); (M.E.-M.); (M.M.); (V.W.)
| | - René Weiss
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (R.W.); (M.E.-M.); (M.M.); (V.W.)
| | - Silke Huber
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.H.); (R.W.)
| | - Marie Ebeyer-Masotta
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (R.W.); (M.E.-M.); (M.M.); (V.W.)
| | - Marwa Mostageer
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (R.W.); (M.E.-M.); (M.M.); (V.W.)
| | - Robert Emprechtinger
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria;
| | - Ludwig Knabl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital St. Vinzenz, 6511 Zams, Austria;
| | | | - Reinhard Würzner
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.H.); (R.W.)
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (R.W.); (M.E.-M.); (M.M.); (V.W.)
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13
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Jiang Y, Hao M, Jiang F, Li J, Yang K, Li C, Ma L, Liu S, Kou X, Shi S, Ding X, Zhang X, Tang J. Lyophilized apoptotic vesicle-encapsulated adhesive hydrogel sponge as a rapid hemostat for traumatic hemorrhage in coagulopathy. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:407. [PMID: 37924105 PMCID: PMC10623807 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid hemostasis of uncontrolled bleeding following traumatic injuries, especially accompanied by coagulopathies, remains a significant clinical challenge. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) show therapeutic effects for fast clotting. However, low yield, specific storage conditions, and lack of proper carriers have hindered EVs' clinical application. Herein, we establish an optimized procedure method to generate lyophilized mesenchymal stem cell-derived apoptotic vesicles (apoVs) with adhesive hydrogel sponge to show superior procoagulant activity for traumatic hemorrhage. Mechanistically, apoVs' procoagulant ability stems from their high tissue factor (TF) and phosphatidylserine (PS) expression independent of hemocytes and circulating procoagulant microparticles (cMPs). Their stable hemostatic capability was maintained after 2-month room temperature storage. Subsequently, we mixed apoVs with both phenylboronic acid grafted oxidized hyaluronic acid (PBA-HA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) simultaneously, followed by lyophilization to construct a novel apoV-encapsulated hydrogel sponge (apoV-HS). Compared to commercial hemostats, apoV-HS exhibits rapid procoagulant ability in liver-laceration and femoral artery hemorrhage in rat and rabbit models of coagulopathies. The combination of high productivity, physiological stability, injectability, plasticity, excellent adhesivity, biocompatibility, and rapid coagulant property indicates that apoV-HS is a promising therapeutic approach for heavy hemorrhage in civilian and military populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexiang Jiang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Meng Hao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Fenglin Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jiwu Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Kunkun Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Can Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxing Kou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Songtao Shi
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
| | - Xin Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jianxia Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China.
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14
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Tanaka Y, Ito SI, Honma Y, Hasegawa M, Kametani F, Suzuki G, Kozuma L, Takeya K, Eto M. Dysregulation of the progranulin-driven autophagy-lysosomal pathway mediates secretion of the nuclear protein TDP-43. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105272. [PMID: 37739033 PMCID: PMC10641265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasmic accumulation of the nuclear protein transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) has been linked to the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. TDP-43 secreted into the extracellular space has been suggested to contribute to the cell-to-cell spread of the cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43 throughout the brain; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We herein demonstrated that the secretion of TDP-43 was stimulated by the inhibition of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway driven by progranulin (PGRN), a causal protein of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Among modulators of autophagy, only vacuolar-ATPase inhibitors, such as bafilomycin A1 (Baf), increased the levels of the full-length and cleaved forms of TDP-43 and the autophagosome marker LC3-II (microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B) in extracellular vesicle fractions prepared from the culture media of HeLa, SH-SY5Y, or NSC-34 cells, whereas vacuolin-1, MG132, chloroquine, rapamycin, and serum starvation did not. The C-terminal fragment of TDP-43 was required for Baf-induced TDP-43 secretion. The Baf treatment induced the translocation of the aggregate-prone GFP-tagged C-terminal fragment of TDP-43 and mCherry-tagged LC3 to the plasma membrane. The Baf-induced secretion of TDP-43 was attenuated in autophagy-deficient ATG16L1 knockout HeLa cells. The knockdown of PGRN induced the secretion of cleaved TDP-43 in an autophagy-dependent manner in HeLa cells. The KO of PGRN in mouse embryonic fibroblasts increased the secretion of the cleaved forms of TDP-43 and LC3-II. The treatment inducing TDP-43 secretion increased the nuclear translocation of GFP-tagged transcription factor EB, a master regulator of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. These results suggest that the secretion of TDP-43 is promoted by dysregulation of the PGRN-driven autophagy-lysosomal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Tanaka
- Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari-shi, Ehime, Japan.
| | - Shun-Ichi Ito
- Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari-shi, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yuki Honma
- Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari-shi, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Kametani
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Genjiro Suzuki
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lina Kozuma
- Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari-shi, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kosuke Takeya
- Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari-shi, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masumi Eto
- Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari-shi, Ehime, Japan
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15
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An N, Chen Z, Zhao P, Yin W. Extracellular Vesicles in Sepsis: Pathogenic Roles, Organ Damage, and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:1722-1731. [PMID: 37928875 PMCID: PMC10620861 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.86832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in anti-infective treatment and organ function support technology in recent years, the mortality rate of sepsis remains high. In addition to the high costs of sepsis treatment, the increasing consumption of medical resources also aggravates economic pressure and social burden. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles released from different types of activated or apoptotic cells to mediate intercellular communication, which can be detected in both human and animal body fluids. A growing body of researches suggest that EVs play an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. In this review, we summarize the predominant roles of EVs in various pathological processes during sepsis and its related organ dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni An
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- University College London, London, UK
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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16
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Burnouf T, Chou ML, Lundy DJ, Chuang EY, Tseng CL, Goubran H. Expanding applications of allogeneic platelets, platelet lysates, and platelet extracellular vesicles in cell therapy, regenerative medicine, and targeted drug delivery. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:79. [PMID: 37704991 PMCID: PMC10500824 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00972-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are small anucleated blood cells primarily known for their vital hemostatic role. Allogeneic platelet concentrates (PCs) collected from healthy donors are an essential cellular product transfused by hospitals to control or prevent bleeding in patients affected by thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunctions. Platelets fulfill additional essential functions in innate and adaptive immunity and inflammation, as well as in wound-healing and tissue-repair mechanisms. Platelets contain mitochondria, lysosomes, dense granules, and alpha-granules, which collectively are a remarkable reservoir of multiple trophic factors, enzymes, and signaling molecules. In addition, platelets are prone to release in the blood circulation a unique set of extracellular vesicles (p-EVs), which carry a rich biomolecular cargo influential in cell-cell communications. The exceptional functional roles played by platelets and p-EVs explain the recent interest in exploring the use of allogeneic PCs as source material to develop new biotherapies that could address needs in cell therapy, regenerative medicine, and targeted drug delivery. Pooled human platelet lysates (HPLs) can be produced from allogeneic PCs that have reached their expiration date and are no longer suitable for transfusion but remain valuable source materials for other applications. These HPLs can substitute for fetal bovine serum as a clinical grade xeno-free supplement of growth media used in the in vitro expansion of human cells for transplantation purposes. The use of expired allogeneic platelet concentrates has opened the way for small-pool or large-pool allogeneic HPLs and HPL-derived p-EVs as biotherapy for ocular surface disorders, wound care and, potentially, neurodegenerative diseases, osteoarthritis, and others. Additionally, allogeneic platelets are now seen as a readily available source of cells and EVs that can be exploited for targeted drug delivery vehicles. This article aims to offer an in-depth update on emerging translational applications of allogeneic platelet biotherapies while also highlighting their advantages and limitations as a clinical modality in regenerative medicine and cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- International Ph.D. Program in Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Li Chou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David J Lundy
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Er-Yuan Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Li Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hadi Goubran
- Saskatoon Cancer Centre and College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
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17
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Chou ML, Babamale AO, Walker TL, Cognasse F, Blum D, Burnouf T. Blood-brain crosstalk: the roles of neutrophils, platelets, and neutrophil extracellular traps in neuropathologies. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:764-779. [PMID: 37500363 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation, neurovascular dysfunction, and coagulopathy often occur concurrently in neuropathologies. Neutrophils and platelets have crucial synergistic roles in thromboinflammation and are increasingly suspected as effector cells contributing to the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the roles of platelet-neutrophil interactions in triggering complex pathophysiological events affecting the brain that may lead to the disruption of brain barriers, infiltration of toxic factors into the parenchyma, and amplification of neuroinflammation through the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). We highlight the clinical significance of thromboinflammation in neurological disorders and examine the contributions of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) derived from platelets and neutrophils. These DAMPs originate from both infectious and non-infectious risk factors and contribute to the activation of inflammasomes during brain disorders. Finally, we identify knowledge gaps in the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis and emphasize the potential of interventions targeting platelets and neutrophils to treat neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Li Chou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; INSERM UMRS 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Immune System and Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris 75012, France
| | - Abdulkareem Olarewaju Babamale
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11266, Taiwan; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria
| | - Tara L Walker
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Fabrice Cognasse
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; University Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - David Blum
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, LiCEND, Lille F-59000, France; NeuroTMULille International Laboratory, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Thierry Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; NeuroTMULille International Laboratory, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 10031, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Brain and Consciousness Research Centre, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
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18
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Wright A, Snyder OL, He H, Christenson LK, Fleming S, Weiss ML. Procoagulant Activity of Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells' Extracellular Vesicles (MSC-EVs). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119216. [PMID: 37298168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cell types, including cancer cells, release tissue factor (TF)-exposing extracellular vesicles (EVs). It is unknown whether MSC-EVs pose a thromboembolism risk due to TF expression. Knowing that MSCs express TF and are procoagulant, we hypothesize that MSC-EVs also might. Here, we examined the expression of TF and the procoagulant activity of MSC-EVs and the impact of EV isolation methods and cell culture expansion on EV yield, characterization, and potential risk using a design of experiments methodology. MSC-EVs were found to express TF and have procoagulant activity. Thus, when MSC-derived EVs are employed as a therapeutic agent, one might consider TF, procoagulant activity, and thromboembolism risk and take steps to prevent them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Wright
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Midwest Institute of Comparative Stem Cell Biotechnology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Orman Larry Snyder
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Midwest Institute of Comparative Stem Cell Biotechnology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Hong He
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Midwest Institute of Comparative Stem Cell Biotechnology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Lane K Christenson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Sherry Fleming
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Mark L Weiss
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Midwest Institute of Comparative Stem Cell Biotechnology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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19
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Li Q, Zhang Z, Wang F, Wang X, Zhan S, Yang X, Xu C, Liu D. Reversible zwitterionic coordination enables rapid, high-yield, and high-purity isolation of extracellular vesicles from biofluids. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf4568. [PMID: 37058564 PMCID: PMC10104463 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf4568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great clinical value as promising diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic agents. This field, however, is hindered by technical challenges in the isolation of EVs from biofluids for downstream purposes. We here report a rapid (<30 min) isolation method for EV extraction from diverse biofluids with yield and purity exceeding 90%. These high performances are ascribed to the reversible zwitterionic coordination between the phosphatidylcholine (PC) on EV membranes and the "PC-inverse" choline phosphate (CP) decorated on magnetic beads. By coupling this isolation method with proteomics, a set of differentially expressed proteins on the EVs were identified as potential colon cancer biomarkers. Last, we demonstrated that the EVs in various clinically relevant biofluids, such as blood serum, urine, and saliva, can also be isolated efficiently, outperforming the conventional approaches in terms of simplicity, speed, yield, and purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Saisong Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Institute of Coloproctology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dingbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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20
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Alehossein P, Taheri M, Tayefeh Ghahremani P, Dakhlallah D, Brown CM, Ishrat T, Nasoohi S. Transplantation of Exercise-Induced Extracellular Vesicles as a Promising Therapeutic Approach in Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2023; 14:211-237. [PMID: 35596116 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Clinical evidence affirms physical exercise is effective in preventive and rehabilitation approaches for ischemic stroke. This sustainable efficacy is independent of cardiovascular risk factors and associates substantial reprogramming in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs). The intricate journey of pluripotent exercise-induced EVs from parental cells to the whole-body and infiltration to cerebrovascular entity offers several mechanisms to reduce stroke incidence and injury or accelerate the subsequent recovery. This review delineates the potential roles of EVs as prospective effectors of exercise. The candidate miRNA and peptide cargo of exercise-induced EVs with both atheroprotective and neuroprotective characteristics are discussed, along with their presumed targets and pathway interactions. The existing literature provides solid ground to hypothesize that the rich vesicles link exercise to stroke prevention and rehabilitation. However, there are several open questions about the exercise stressors which may optimally regulate EVs kinetic and boost brain mitochondrial adaptations. This review represents a novel perspective on achieving brain fitness against stroke through transplantation of multi-potential EVs generated by multi-parental cells, which is exceptionally reachable in an exercising body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parsa Alehossein
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blvd., Chamran Hwy., PO: 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Taheri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blvd., Chamran Hwy., PO: 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran.,Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pargol Tayefeh Ghahremani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blvd., Chamran Hwy., PO: 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran
| | - Duaa Dakhlallah
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University of Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Candice M Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Tauheed Ishrat
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sanaz Nasoohi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blvd., Chamran Hwy., PO: 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Morimoto M, Tatsumi K, Takabayashi Y, Sakata A, Yuui K, Terazawa I, Kudo R, Kasuda S. Involvement of monocyte-derived extracellular vesicle-associated tissue factor activity in convallatoxin-induced hypercoagulability. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2023; 34:184-190. [PMID: 36966751 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000001211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Convallatoxin (CNT) is a natural cardiac glycoside extracted from lily of the valley ( Convallaria majalis ). Although it is empirically known to cause blood coagulation disorders, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. CNT exerts cytotoxicity and increases tissue factor (TF) expression in endothelial cells. However, the direct action of CNT on blood coagulation remains unclear. Therefore, herein, we investigated the effects of CNT on whole blood coagulation system and TF expression in monocytes. METHODS Blood samples were collected from healthy volunteers to measure plasma thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) concentration using ELISA and to perform rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) and whole-blood extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated TF (EV-TF) analysis. The effects of CNT were also investigated using the monocytic human cell line THP-1. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting were performed, and PD98059, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor, was used to elucidate the action mechanism of CNT-mediated TF production. RESULTS CNT treatment increased EV-TF activity, shortened the whole blood clotting time in rotational thromboelastometry analysis, and increased TAT levels, which is an index of thrombin generation. Furthermore, CNT increased TF mRNA expression in THP-1 cells and EV-TF activity in the cell culture supernatant. Therefore, CNT may induce a hypercoagulable state with thrombin generation, in which elevated EV-TF activity derived from monocytes might be involved. These procoagulant effects of CNT were reversed by PD98059, suggesting that CNT-induced TF production in monocytes might be mediated by the MAPK pathway. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study have further clarified the procoagulant properties of CNT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kohei Tatsumi
- Advanced Medical Science of Thrombosis and Hemostasis
| | | | - Asuka Sakata
- Medicinal Biology of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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22
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Sachetto AT, Archibald SJ, Bhatia R, Monroe D, Hisada Y, Mackman N. Evaluation of four commercial ELISAs to measure tissue factor in human plasma. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:100133. [PMID: 37275179 PMCID: PMC10233285 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Under pathological conditions, tissue factor (TF)-positive extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released into the circulation and activate coagulation. Therefore, it is important to identify methods that accurately quantitate levels of TF in plasma. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are a fast and simple method to quantitate levels of proteins. However, there are several specific challenges with measuring TF antigen in plasma including its low concentration and the complexity of plasma. Objectives We aimed to evaluate the ability of 4 commercial ELISAs to measure TF in human plasma. Methods We determined the ability of 4 commercial ELISAs (Imubind, Quantikine, Human SimpleStep, and CD142 Human) to detect recombinant human TF (Innovin) (12.5-100 pg/mL), TF-positive EVs isolated from the culture supernatant from a human pancreatic cancer cell line (57 pg/mL), TF in plasma containing low levels of EV TF activity (1.2-2.6 pg/mL) from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated whole blood, and plasma containing high levels of EV TF activity (151-696 pg/mL) from patients with acute leukemia. Results The CD142 Human ELISA could not detect recombinant TF. Imubind and Quantikine but not Human SimpleStep detected recombinant TF spiked into plasma and TF-positive EVs isolated from the culture supernatant of a human pancreatic cancer cell line. Quantikine and Imubind could not detect low levels of TF in plasma from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated whole blood. However, Quantikine but not Imubind detected TF in plasma from acute leukemia patients with high levels of EV TF activity. Conclusion Our results indicate that commercial ELISAs have different abilities to detect TF. Quantikine and Imubind could not detect low levels of TF in plasma, but Quantikine detected TF in plasma with high levels of TF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana T.A. Sachetto
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sierra J. Archibald
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ravi Bhatia
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Dougald Monroe
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yohei Hisada
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nigel Mackman
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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23
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Gao Y, Li X, Qin Y, Men J, Ren J, Li X, Xu C, Li Q, Li Y, Cui W, Zhang S, Li L, Li Y, Zhang J, Liu L. MPs-ACT, an Assay to Evaluate the Procoagulant Activity of Microparticles. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2023; 29:10760296231159374. [PMID: 36843474 PMCID: PMC9972054 DOI: 10.1177/10760296231159374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The procoagulant effect of microparticles (MPs) contributes to hypercoagulability-induced thrombosis. We provide preliminary findings of the MPs-Activated Clotting Time (MPs-ACT) assay to determine the procoagulant activity of MPs. MPs-rich plasma was obtained and recalcified. Changes in plasma viscoelasticity were evaluated and the time to the peak viscoelastic changes was defined as the MPs-ACT. MPs concentration was measured by flow cytometry. Coagulation products produced during plasma clotting were identified by fibrin and fibrinopeptide A. MPs were prepared in vitro and added to standard plasma to simulate pathological samples. In addition, reproducibility and sensitivity were evaluated. We confirmed the linear relationship between MPs-ACT and MP concentrations. Dynamic changes in fibrin production were depicted. We simulated the correlation between MPs-ACT and standard plasma containing MPs prepared in vitro. The reproducibility of high-value and low-value samples was 6.0% and 10.8%, respectively. MPs-ACT sensitively detected hypercoagulable samples from patients with pre-eclampsia, hip fractures, and lung tumors. MPs-ACT largely reflects the procoagulant effect of MPs. MPs-ACT sensitively and rapidly detects hypercoagulability with MPs-rich plasma. It may be promising for the diagnosis of hypercoagulable states induced by MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yafei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianlong Men
- Precision Medicine Center, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Precision Medicine Center, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunlei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qifeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiyun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaohua Li
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Jianning Zhang, Tianjin Neurological
Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, #154 Anshan Road,
Tianjin, 30052, China. Li Liu,
Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital,
#154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 30052, China.
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24
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Seim RF, Willis ML, Wallet SM, Maile R, Coleman LG. EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AS REGULATORS OF IMMUNE FUNCTION IN TRAUMATIC INJURIES AND SEPSIS. Shock 2023; 59:180-189. [PMID: 36516458 PMCID: PMC9940835 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Despite advancements in critical care and resuscitation, traumatic injuries are one of the leading causes of death around the world and can bring about long-term disabilities in survivors. One of the primary causes of death for trauma patients are secondary phase complications that can develop weeks or months after the initial insult. These secondary complications typically occur because of systemic immune dysfunction that develops in response to injury, which can lead to immunosuppression, coagulopathy, multiple organ failure, unregulated inflammation, and potentially sepsis in patients. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as mediators of these processes because their levels are increased in circulation after traumatic injury and they encapsulate cargo that can aggravate these secondary complications. In this review, we will discuss the role of EVs in the posttrauma pathologies that arise after burn injuries, trauma to the central nervous system, and infection. In addition, we will examine the use of EVs as biomarkers for predicting late-stage trauma outcomes and as therapeutics for reversing the pathological processes that develop after trauma. Overall, EVs have emerged as critical mediators of trauma-associated pathology and their use as a therapeutic agent represents an exciting new field of biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland F. Seim
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Surgery, North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Micah L. Willis
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Surgery, North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Shannon M. Wallet
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Robert Maile
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Leon G. Coleman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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25
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Schiavello M, Vizio B, Bosco O, Pivetta E, Mariano F, Montrucchio G, Lupia E. Extracellular Vesicles: New Players in the Mechanisms of Sepsis- and COVID-19-Related Thromboinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031920. [PMID: 36768242 PMCID: PMC9916541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and COVID-19 patients often manifest an imbalance in inflammation and coagulation, a complex pathological mechanism also named thromboinflammation, which strongly affects patient prognosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles released by cells into extracellular space that have a relevant role in cell-to-cell communication. Recently, EVs have been shown to act as important players in a variety of pathologies, including cancer and cardiovascular disease. The biological properties of EVs in the mechanisms of thromboinflammation during sepsis and COVID-19 are still only partially known. Herein, we summarize the current experimental evidence on the role of EVs in thromboinflammation, both in bacterial sepsis and in COVID-19. A better understanding of EV involvement in these processes could be useful in describing novel diagnostic and therapeutic applications of EVs in these diseases.
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26
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Thangaraju K, Setua S, Lisk C, Swindle D, Stephenson D, Dzieciatkowska M, Lamb DR, Moitra P, Pak D, Hassell K, George G, Nuss R, Davizon-Castillo P, Stenmark KR, D’Alessandro A, Irwin DC, Buehler PW. Extracellular Vesicle Size Reveals Cargo Specific to Coagulation and Inflammation in Pediatric and Adult Sickle Cell Disease. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2023; 29:10760296231186144. [PMID: 37469147 PMCID: PMC10363884 DOI: 10.1177/10760296231186144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant coagulation in sickle cell disease (SCD) is linked to extracellular vesicle (EV) exposure. However, there is no consensus on the contributions of small EVs (SEVs) and large EVs (LEVs) toward underlying coagulopathy or on their molecular cargo. The present observational study compared the thrombin potential of SEVs and LEVs isolated from the plasma of stable pediatric and adult SCD patients. Further, EV lipid and protein contents were analyzed to define markers consistent with activation of thrombin and markers of underlying coagulopathy. Results suggested that LEVs-but not SEVs-from pediatrics and adults similarly enhanced phosphatidylserine (PS)-dependent thrombin generation, and cell membrane procoagulant PS (18:0;20:4 and 18:0;18:1) were the most abundant lipids found in LEVs. Further, LEVs showed activated coagulation in protein pathway analyses, while SEVs demonstrated high levels of cholesterol esters and a protein pathway analysis that identified complement factors and inflammation. We suggest that thrombin potential of EVs from both stable pediatric and adult SCD patients is similarly dependent on size and show lipid and protein contents that identify underlying markers of coagulation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruphagaran Thangaraju
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Saini Setua
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christina Lisk
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Delaney Swindle
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daniel Stephenson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Graduate School, University of Colorado, Anschutz, Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Graduate School, University of Colorado, Anschutz, Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Derek R. Lamb
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Parikshit Moitra
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Pak
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kathryn Hassell
- Division of Hematology Colorado Sickle Cell Treatment and Research Center, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Gemlyn George
- Division of Hematology Colorado Sickle Cell Treatment and Research Center, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rachelle Nuss
- Division of Hematology Colorado Sickle Cell Treatment and Research Center, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Pavel Davizon-Castillo
- Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Graduate School, University of Colorado, Anschutz, Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David C. Irwin
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul W. Buehler
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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27
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Setua S, Thangaraju K, Dzieciatkowska M, Wilkerson RB, Nemkov T, Lamb DR, Tagaya Y, Boyer T, Rowden T, Doctor A, D'Alessandro A, Buehler PW. Coagulation potential and the integrated omics of extracellular vesicles from COVID-19 positive patient plasma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22191. [PMID: 36564503 PMCID: PMC9780627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) participate in cell-to-cell communication and contribute toward homeostasis under physiological conditions. But EVs can also contribute toward a wide array of pathophysiology like cancer, sepsis, sickle cell disease, and thrombotic disorders. COVID-19 infected patients are at an increased risk of aberrant coagulation, consistent with elevated circulating levels of ultra-high molecular weight VWF multimers, D-dimer and procoagulant EVs. The role of EVs in COVID-19 related hemostasis may depend on cells of origin, vesicular cargo and size, however this is not well defined. We hypothesized that the procoagulant potential of EV isolates from COVID-19 (+) patient plasmas could be defined by thrombin generation assays. Here we isolated small EVs (SEVs) and large EVs (LEVs) from hospitalized COVID-19 (+) patient (n = 21) and healthy donor (n = 20) plasmas. EVs were characterized by flow cytometry, Transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, plasma thrombin generation and a multi-omics approach to define coagulation potential. These data were consistent with differences in EV metabolite, lipid, and protein content when compared to healthy donor plasma isolated SEVs and LEVs. Taken together, the effect of EVs on plasma procoagulant potential as defined by thrombin generation and supported by multi-omics is enhanced in COVID-19. Further, we observe that this effect is driven both by EV size and phosphatidyl serine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saini Setua
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kiruphagaran Thangaraju
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Ave., Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Rebecca B Wilkerson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Ave., Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Ave., Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Derek R Lamb
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yutaka Tagaya
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tori Boyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tobi Rowden
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allan Doctor
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Ave., Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Paul W Buehler
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Krammer TL, Kollars M, Kyrle PA, Hackl M, Eichinger S, Traby L. Plasma levels of platelet-enriched microRNAs change during antiplatelet therapy in healthy subjects. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1078722. [PMID: 36578552 PMCID: PMC9790905 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1078722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are the main effectors of primary hemostasis but also cause thrombosis in pathological conditions. Antiplatelet drugs are the cornerstone for the prevention of adverse cardiovascular events. Monitoring the extent of platelet inhibition is essential. Currently available platelet function tests come with constraints, limiting use in antiplatelet drug development as well as in clinical routine. With this study, we aim to investigate whether plasma miRNAs might be suitable biomarkers for monitoring antiplatelet treatment. Platelet-poor plasma was obtained from a trial including 87 healthy male volunteers that either received ticagrelor (n = 44) or clopidogrel (n = 43). Blood was collected before drug intake and after 2 h, 6 h, and 24 h. We measured a panel of 11 platelet-enriched miRNAs (thrombomiRs) by RT-qPCR and selected four biomarker candidates (i.e., miR-223-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-24-3p). To further characterize those miRNAs, we performed correlation analyses with the number of extracellular vesicles and clotting time dependent on procoagulant vesicles (PPL assay). We show that platelet-enriched miRNAs in the circulation are significantly reduced upon P2Y12-mediated platelet inhibition. This effect occurred fast, reaching its peak after 2 h. Additionally, we demonstrate that higher baseline levels of thrombomiRs are linked to a stronger reduction upon antiplatelet therapy. Finally, we show that miRNAs from our panel might be the cargo of platelet-derived and procoagulant vesicles. In conclusion, we provide evidence that thrombomiR levels change within 2 h after pharmacological platelet inhibition and circulate the body within platelet-derived and procoagulant extracellular vesicles, rendering them potential biomarker candidates for the assessment of in vivo platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marietta Kollars
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul A. Kyrle
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sabine Eichinger
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,*Correspondence: Sabine Eichinger,
| | - Ludwig Traby
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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29
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He Y, Wu Q. The Effect of Extracellular Vesicles on Thrombosis. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022:10.1007/s12265-022-10342-w. [DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10342-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The risk of cardiovascular events caused by acute thrombosis is high, including acute myocardial infarction, acute stroke, acute pulmonary embolism, and deep vein thrombosis. In this review, we summarize the roles of extracellular vesicles of different cellular origins in various cardiovascular events associated with acute thrombosis, as described in the current literature, to facilitate the future development of a precise therapy for thrombosis caused by such vesicles. We hope that our review will indicate a new horizon in the field of cardiovascular research with regard to the treatment of acute thrombosis, especially targeting thrombosis caused by extracellular vesicles secreted by individual cells. As more emerging technologies are being developed, new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies related to EVs are expected to be identified for related diseases in the future.
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30
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Muravlev IA, Dobrovolsky AB, Antonova OA, Khaspekova SG, Mazurov AV. Effects of platelets activated by different agonists on fibrin formation and thrombin generation. Platelets 2022; 34:2139365. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2139365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A. Muravlev
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoly B. Dobrovolsky
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A. Antonova
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana G. Khaspekova
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey V. Mazurov
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation
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31
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Badimon L, Padro T, Arderiu G, Vilahur G, Borrell-Pages M, Suades R. Extracellular vesicles in atherothrombosis: From biomarkers and precision medicine to therapeutic targets. Immunol Rev 2022; 312:6-19. [PMID: 35996799 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading cause of global mortality. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small phospholipid vesicles that convey molecular bioactive cargoes and play essential roles in intercellular communication and, hence, a multifaceted role in health and disease. The present review offers a glimpse into the current state and up-to-date concepts on EV field. It also covers their association with several cardiovascular risk factors and ischemic conditions, being subclinical atherosclerosis of utmost relevance for prevention. Interestingly, we show that EVs hold promise as prognostic and diagnostic as well as predictive markers of ASCVD in the precision medicine era. We then report on the role of EVs in atherothrombosis, disentangling the mechanisms involved in the initiation, progression, and complication of atherosclerosis and showing their direct effect in the context of arterial thrombosis. Finally, their potential use for therapeutic intervention is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Padro
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Arderiu
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Borrell-Pages
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Suades
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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32
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Rashidi M, Bijari S, Khazaei AH, Shojaei-Ghahrizjani F, Rezakhani L. The role of milk-derived exosomes in the treatment of diseases. Front Genet 2022; 13:1009338. [PMID: 36338966 PMCID: PMC9634108 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1009338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes (EXOs) are natural nanoparticles of endosome origin that are secreted by a variety of cells in the body. Exosomes have been found in bio-fluids such as urine, saliva, amniotic fluid, and ascites, among others. Milk is the only commercially available biological liquid containing EXOs. Proof that exosomes are essential for cell-to-cell communication is increasingly being reported. Studies have shown that they migrate from the cell of origin to various bioactive substances, including membrane receptors, proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs, and organelles, or they can stimulate target cells directly through interactions with receptors. Because of the presence of specific proteins, lipids, and RNAs, exosomes act in physiological and pathological conditions in vivo. Other salient features of EXOs include their long half-life in the body, no tumorigenesis, low immune response, good biocompatibility, ability to target cells through their surface biomarkers, and capacity to carry macromolecules. EXOs have been introduced to the scientific community as important, efficient, and attractive nanoparticles. They can be extracted from different sources and have the same characteristics as their parents. EXOs present in milk can be separated by size exclusion chromatography, density gradient centrifugation, or (ultra) centrifugation; however, the complex composition of milk that includes casein micelles and milk fat globules makes it necessary to take additional issues into consideration when employing the mentioned techniques with milk. As a rich source of EXOs, milk has unique properties that, in addition to its role as a carrier, promotes its use in treating diseases such as digestive problems, skin ulcers, and cancer, Moreover, EXOs derived from camel milk are reported to reduce the risk of oxidative stress and cancer. Milk-derived exosomes (MDEs) from yak milk improves gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, yak-MDEs have been suggested to be the best treatment for intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6 cell line). Because of their availability as well as the non-invasiveness and cost-effectiveness of their preparation, isolates from mammals milk can be excellent resources for studies related to EXOs. These features also make it possible to exploit MDEs in clinical trials. The current study aimed to investigate the therapeutic applications of EXOs isolated from various milk sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rashidi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Islamic Azad University of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Salar Bijari
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Khazaei
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Leila Rezakhani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- *Correspondence: Leila Rezakhani, ,
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33
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Liu L, Deng QJ. Role of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles in traumatic brain injury-induced coagulopathy and inflammation. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2102-2107. [PMID: 35259815 PMCID: PMC9083154 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are composed of fragments of exfoliated plasma membrane, organelles or nuclei and are released after cell activation, apoptosis or destruction. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles are the most abundant type of extracellular vesicle in the blood of patients with traumatic brain injury. Accumulated laboratory and clinical evidence shows that platelet-derived extracellular vesicles play an important role in coagulopathy and inflammation after traumatic brain injury. This review discusses the recent progress of research on platelet-derived extracellular vesicles in coagulopathy and inflammation and the potential of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles as therapeutic targets for traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan-Jun Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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34
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Lucotti S, Kenific CM, Zhang H, Lyden D. Extracellular vesicles and particles impact the systemic landscape of cancer. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109288. [PMID: 36052513 PMCID: PMC9475536 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular cross talk between cancer cells and stromal and immune cells is essential for tumor progression and metastasis. Extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) are a heterogeneous class of secreted messengers that carry bioactive molecules and that have been shown to be crucial for this cell-cell communication. Here, we highlight the multifaceted roles of EVPs in cancer. Functionally, transfer of EVP cargo between cells influences tumor cell growth and invasion, alters immune cell composition and function, and contributes to stromal cell activation. These EVP-mediated changes impact local tumor progression, foster cultivation of pre-metastatic niches at distant organ-specific sites, and mediate systemic effects of cancer. Furthermore, we discuss how exploiting the highly selective enrichment of molecules within EVPs has profound implications for advancing diagnostic and prognostic biomarker development and for improving therapy delivery in cancer patients. Altogether, these investigations into the role of EVPs in cancer have led to discoveries that hold great promise for improving cancer patient care and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Lucotti
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Candia M Kenific
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - David Lyden
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
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35
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Iba T, Levi M, Thachil J, Levy JH. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: The Past, Present, and Future Considerations. Semin Thromb Hemost 2022; 48:978-987. [PMID: 36100234 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1756300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has been understood as a consumptive coagulopathy. However, impaired hemostasis is a component of DIC that occurs in a progressive manner. The critical concept of DIC is systemic activation of coagulation with vascular endothelial damage. DIC is the dynamic coagulation/fibrinolysis disorder that can proceed from compensated to decompensated phases, and is not simply impaired hemostasis, a misunderstanding that continues to evoke confusion among clinicians. DIC is a critical step of disease progression that is important to monitor over time. Impaired microcirculation and subsequent organ failure due to pathologic microthrombi formation are the pathophysiologies in sepsis-associated DIC. Impaired hemostasis due to coagulation factor depletion from hemodilution, shock, and hyperfibrinolysis occurs in trauma-associated DIC. Overt-DIC diagnostic criteria have been used clinically for more than 20 years but may not be adequate to detect the compensated phase of DIC, and due to different underlying causes, there is no "one-size-fits-all criteria." Individualized criteria for heterogeneous conditions continue to be proposed to facilitate the diagnosis. We believe that future research will provide therapeutics using new diagnostic criteria. Finally, DIC is also classified as either acute or chronic, and acute DIC results from progressive coagulation activation over a short time and requires urgent management. In this review, we examine the advances in research for DIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Iba
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marcel Levi
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine, Cardiometabolic Programme-NIHR UCLH/UCL BRC, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jecko Thachil
- Department of Haematology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jerrold H Levy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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36
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Steinberger S, Karuthedom George S, Lauková L, Weiss R, Tripisciano C, Marchetti-Deschmann M, Weber V, Allmaier G, Weiss VU. Targeting the Structural Integrity of Extracellular Vesicles via Nano Electrospray Gas-Phase Electrophoretic Mobility Molecular Analysis (nES GEMMA). MEMBRANES 2022; 12:872. [PMID: 36135891 PMCID: PMC9501092 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12090872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are in the scientific spotlight due to their potential application in the medical field, ranging from medical diagnosis to therapy. These applications rely on EV stability during isolation and purification-ideally, these steps should not impact vesicle integrity. In this context, we investigated EV stability and particle numbers via nano electrospray gas-phase electrophoretic mobility molecular analysis (nES GEMMA) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). In nES GEMMA, native, surface-dry analytes are separated in the gas-phase according to the particle size. Besides information on size and particle heterogeneity, particle number concentrations are obtained in accordance with recommendations of the European Commission for nanoparticle characterization (2011/696/EU, 18 October 2011). Likewise, and in contrast to NTA, nES GEMMA enables detection of co-purified proteins. On the other hand, NTA, yielding data on hydrodynamic size distributions, is able to relate particle concentrations, omitting electrolyte exchange (and resulting EV loss), which is prerequisite for nES GEMMA. Focusing on EVs of different origin, we compared vesicles concentrations and stability, especially after electrolyte exchange and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Co-isolated proteins were detected in most samples, and the vesicle amount varied in dependence on the EV source. We found that depletion of co-purified proteins was achievable via SEC, but was associated with a loss of EVs and-most importantly-with decreased vesicle stability, as detected via a reduced nES GEMMA measurement repeatability. Ultimately, we propose the repeatability of nES GEMMA to yield information on EV stability, and, as a result, we propose that nES GEMMA can yield additional valuable information in EV research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sobha Karuthedom George
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Lucia Lauková
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - René Weiss
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Carla Tripisciano
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | | | - Viktoria Weber
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Günter Allmaier
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Victor U. Weiss
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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37
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Guillamat-Prats R. Role of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Coagulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810393. [PMID: 36142297 PMCID: PMC9499599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are widely used in disease models in order to control several phases in the response to injuries, immune reaction, wound healing, and regeneration. MSCs can act upon both the innate and adaptive immune systems and target a broad number of functions, such as the secretion of cytokines, proteolytic enzymes, angiogenic factors, and the regulating of cell proliferation and survival. The role of MSCs in coagulation has been less studied. This review evaluates the properties and main functions of MSCs in coagulation. MSCs can regulate coagulation in a wide range of pathways. MSCs express and release tissue factors (TF), one of the key regulators of the extrinsic coagulation pathways; MSCs can trigger platelet production and contribute to platelet activation. Altogether, MSCs seem to have a pro-thrombotic role and their superior characterization prior to their administration is necessary in order to prevent adverse coagulation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Guillamat-Prats
- Lung Immunity Translational Research Group in Respiratory Diseases, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08914 Badalona, Spain
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38
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Al-Koussa H, AlZaim I, El-Sabban ME. Pathophysiology of Coagulation and Emerging Roles for Extracellular Vesicles in Coagulation Cascades and Disorders. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164932. [PMID: 36013171 PMCID: PMC9410115 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The notion of blood coagulation dates back to the ancient Greek civilization. However, the emergence of innovative scientific discoveries that started in the seventeenth century formulated the fundamentals of blood coagulation. Our understanding of key coagulation processes continues to evolve, as novel homeostatic and pathophysiological aspects of hemostasis are revealed. Hemostasis is a dynamic physiological process, which stops bleeding at the site of injury while maintaining normal blood flow within the body. Intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways culminate in the homeostatic cessation of blood loss, through the sequential activation of the coagulation factors. Recently, the cell-based theory, which combines these two pathways, along with newly discovered mechanisms, emerged to holistically describe intricate in vivo coagulation mechanisms. The complexity of these mechanisms becomes evident in coagulation diseases such as hemophilia, Von Willebrand disease, thrombophilia, and vitamin K deficiency, in which excessive bleeding, thrombosis, or unnecessary clotting, drive the development and progression of diseases. Accumulating evidence implicates cell-derived and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), which comprise microvesicles (MVs), exosomes, and apoptotic bodies, in the modulation of the coagulation cascade in hemostasis and thrombosis. As these EVs are associated with intercellular communication, molecular recycling, and metastatic niche creation, emerging evidence explores EVs as valuable diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in thrombotic and prothrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssam Al-Koussa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Marwan E. El-Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +961-01-350-000 (ext. 4765)
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39
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Tertel T, Tomić S, Đokić J, Radojević D, Stevanović D, Ilić N, Giebel B, Kosanović M. Serum-derived extracellular vesicles: Novel biomarkers reflecting the disease severity of COVID-19 patients. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12257. [PMID: 35979935 PMCID: PMC9451525 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is characterized by a wide spectrum of disease severity, whose indicators and underlying mechanisms need to be identified. The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in COVID-19 and their biomarker potential, however, remains largely unknown. Aiming to identify specific EV signatures of patients with mild compared to severe COVID-19, we characterized the EV composition of 20 mild and 26 severe COVID-19 patients along with 16 sex and age-matched healthy donors with a panel of eight different antibodies by imaging flow cytometry (IFCM). We correlated the obtained data with 37 clinical, prerecorded biochemical and immunological parameters. Severe patients' sera contained increased amounts of CD13+ and CD82+ EVs, which positively correlated with IL-6-producing and circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and with the serum concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, respectively. Sera of mild COVID-19 patients contained more HLA-ABC+ EVs than sera of the healthy donors and more CD24+ EVs than severe COVID-19 patients. Their increased abundance negatively correlated with disease severity and accumulation of MDSCs, being considered as key drivers of immunopathogenesis in COVID-19. Altogether, our results support the potential of serum EVs as powerful biomarkers for COVID-19 severity and pave the way for future investigations aiming to unravel the role of EVs in COVID-19 progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Tertel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sergej Tomić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, Zemun-Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Đokić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGI), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Radojević
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGI), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Stevanović
- Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Ilić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, Zemun-Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maja Kosanović
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, Zemun-Belgrade, Serbia
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40
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Ebeyer-Masotta M, Eichhorn T, Weiss R, Lauková L, Weber V. Activated Platelets and Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Mediate COVID-19-Associated Immunothrombosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:914891. [PMID: 35874830 PMCID: PMC9299085 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.914891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated platelets and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as central players in thromboembolic complications associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Platelets bridge hemostatic, inflammatory, and immune responses by their ability to sense pathogens via various pattern recognition receptors, and they respond to infection through a diverse repertoire of mechanisms. Dysregulated platelet activation, however, can lead to immunothrombosis, a simultaneous overactivation of blood coagulation and the innate immune response. Mediators released by activated platelets in response to infection, such as antimicrobial peptides, high mobility group box 1 protein, platelet factor 4 (PF4), and PF4+ extracellular vesicles promote neutrophil activation, resulting in the release of neutrophil extracellular traps and histones. Many of the factors released during platelet and neutrophil activation are positively charged and interact with endogenous heparan sulfate or exogenously administered heparin via electrostatic interactions or via specific binding sites. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the involvement of platelets and platelet-derived EVs in the pathogenesis of immunothrombosis, and we discuss the potential of extracorporeal therapies using adsorbents functionalized with heparin to deplete platelet-derived and neutrophil-derived mediators of immunothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ebeyer-Masotta
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Tanja Eichhorn
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - René Weiss
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Lucia Lauková
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
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Zeineddin A, Wu F, Dong JF, Huang H, Zou L, Chao W, Dorman B, Kozar RA. TRAUMA-DERIVED EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES ARE SUFFICIENT TO INDUCE ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION AND COAGULOPATHY. Shock 2022; 58:38-44. [PMID: 35984759 PMCID: PMC9750939 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION Although a number of studies have demonstrated increased release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and changes in their origin differentials after trauma, the biologic significance of EVs is not well understood. We hypothesized that EVs released after trauma/hemorrhagic shock (HS) contribute to endotheliopathy and coagulopathy. To test this hypothesis, adoptive transfer experiments were performed to determine whether EVs derived from severely injured patients in shock were sufficient to induce endothelial dysfunction and coagulopathy. Methods: Total EVs were enriched from plasma of severely injured trauma/HS patients or minimally injured patients by ultracentrifugation and characterized for size and numbers. Under isoflurane anesthesia, noninjured naive C57BL/6J mice were administered EVs at varying concentrations and compared with mice receiving equal volume vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)) or to mice receiving EVs from minimally injured patients. Thirty minutes after injection, mice were sacrificed, and blood was collected for thrombin generation (thrombin-antithrombin, thrombin-antithrombin complex [TAT] assay) and syndecan-1 by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Lungs were harvested for examination of histopathologic injury and costained with von Willebrand factor and fibrin to identify intravascular coagulation. Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid was aspirated from lungs for protein measurement as an indicator of the endothelial permeability. Data are presented as mean ± SD, P < 0.05 was considered significant, and t test was used. Results: An initial proof-of-concept experiment was performed in naive mice receiving EVs purified from severely injured trauma/HS patients (Injury Severity Score [ISS], 34 ± 7) at different concentrations (5 × 106 to 3.1 × 109/100 μL/mouse) and compared with PBS (control) mice. Neither TAT nor syndecan-1 levels were significantly different between groups at 30 minutes after EV infusion. However, lung vascular permeability and histopathologic injury were significantly higher in the EV group, and lung tissues demonstrated intravascular fibrin deposition. Based on these data, EVs from severely injured trauma/HS patients (ISS, 32 ± 6) or EVs from minimally injured patients (ISS, 8 ± 3) were administered to naive mice at higher concentrations (1 × 109 to 1 × 1010 EV/100 μL/mouse). Compared with mice receiving EVs from minimally injured patients, plasma TAT and syndecan-1 levels were significantly higher in the trauma/HS EV group. Similarly, bronchial alveolar lavage protein and lung histopathologic injury were higher in the trauma/HS EV group, and lung tissues demonstrated enhanced intravascular fibrin deposition. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that trauma/HS results in the systemic release of EVs, which are capable of inducing endotheliopathy as demonstrated by elevated syndecan-1 and increased permeability and coagulopathy as demonstrated by increased TAT and intravascular fibrin deposition. Targeting trauma-induced EVs may represent a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Zeineddin
- Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD US
| | - Feng Wu
- Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD US
| | - Jing-Fei Dong
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, US
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, US
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US
| | - Lin Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US
| | - Wei Chao
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US
| | - Brooke Dorman
- Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD US
| | - Rosemary A Kozar
- Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD US
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Hisada Y, Sachetto ATA, Mackman N. Circulating tissue factor-positive extracellular vesicles and their association with thrombosis in different diseases. Immunol Rev 2022; 312:61-75. [PMID: 35708588 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is a procoagulant protein released from activated host cells, such as monocytes, and tumor cells on extracellular vesicles (EVs). TF + EVs are observed in the circulation of patients with various types of diseases. In this review, we will summarize the association between TF + EVs and activation of coagulation and survival in different types of diseases, including cancer, sepsis, and infections with different viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza A virus (IAV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We will also discuss the source of TF + EVs in various diseases. EVTF activity is associated with thrombosis in pancreatic cancer patients and coronavirus disease 2019 patients (COVID-19) and with disseminated intravascular coagulation in cancer patients. EVTF activity is also associated with worse survival in patients with cancer and COVID-19. Monocytes are the major sources of TF + EVs in sepsis, and viral infections, such as HIV, Ebola virus, and SARS-CoV-2. In contrast, alveolar epithelial cells are the major source of TF + EVs in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in COVID-19 and influenza A patients. These studies indicate that EVTF activity could be used as a biomarker to identify patients that have an increased risk of coagulopathy and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Hisada
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ana Teresa Azevedo Sachetto
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Butov KR, Karetnikova NA, Pershin DY, Trofimov DY, Panteleev MA. Procoagulant Activity in Amniotic Fluid Is Associated with Fetal-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2710-2716. [PMID: 35735626 PMCID: PMC9221817 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44060185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Procoagulant activity in amniotic fluid (AF) is positively correlated with phosphatidylserine (PS) and tissue factor (TF)-expressing(+) extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, it is unknown if pathological fetal conditions may affect the composition, phenotype, and procoagulant potency of EVs in AF. We sought to evaluate EV-dependent procoagulant activity in AF from pregnant people with fetuses with or without diagnosed chromosomal mutations. AF samples were collected by transabdominal amniocentesis and assessed for common karyotype defects (total n = 11, 7 healthy and 4 abnormal karyotypes). The procoagulant activity of AF was tested using a fibrin generation assay with normal pooled plasma and plasmas deficient in factors XII, XI, IX, X, V, and VII. EV number and phenotype were determined by flow cytometry with anti-CD24 and anti-TF antibodies. We report that factor-VII-, X-, or V-deficient plasmas did not form fibrin clots in the presence of AF. Clotting time was significantly attenuated in AF samples with chromosomal mutations. In addition, CD24+, TF+, and CD24+ TF+ EV counts were significantly lower in this group. Finally, we found a significant correlation between EV counts and the clotting time induced by AF. In conclusion, we show that AF samples with chromosomal mutations had fewer fetal-derived CD24-bearing and TF-bearing EVs, which resulted in diminished procoagulant potency. This suggests that fetal-derived EVs are the predominant source of procoagulant activity in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill R. Butov
- Hemostasis Research Department, Dmitry Rogachev Pediatric Hematology and Immunology Hospital, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Hemostasis, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Moscow 109029, Russia
- Correspondence: (K.R.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Natalia A. Karetnikova
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, Moscow 117198, Russia; (N.A.K.); (D.Y.T.)
| | - Dmitry Y. Pershin
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, Dmitry Rogachev Pediatric Hematology and Immunology Hospital, Moscow 117997, Russia;
| | - Dmitry Y. Trofimov
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, Moscow 117198, Russia; (N.A.K.); (D.Y.T.)
| | - Mikhail A. Panteleev
- Hemostasis Research Department, Dmitry Rogachev Pediatric Hematology and Immunology Hospital, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Hemostasis, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Moscow 109029, Russia
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
- Correspondence: (K.R.B.); (M.A.P.)
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Extracellular Vesicles as Drivers of Immunoinflammation in Atherothrombosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111845. [PMID: 35681540 PMCID: PMC9180657 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), small lipid-bilayer membrane vesicles released by most cellular types, exert pivotal and multifaceted roles in physiology and disease. Emerging evidence emphasizes the importance of EVs in intercellular communication processes with key effects on cell survival, endothelial homeostasis, inflammation, neoangiogenesis, and thrombosis. This review focuses on EVs as effective signaling molecules able to both derail vascular homeostasis and induce vascular dysfunction, inflammation, plaque progression, and thrombus formation as well as drive anti-inflammation, vascular repair, and atheroprotection. We provide a comprehensive and updated summary of the role of EVs in the development or regression of atherosclerotic lesions, highlighting the link between thrombosis and inflammation. Importantly, we also critically describe their potential clinical use as disease biomarkers or therapeutic agents in atherothrombosis.
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Hwang W, Shimizu M, Lee JW. Role of extracellular vesicles in severe pneumonia and sepsis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:747-762. [PMID: 35418256 PMCID: PMC9971738 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2066470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extracellular vesicles (EV) released constitutively or following external stimuli from structural and immune cells are now recognized as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication. They are involved in the pathogenesis of pneumonia and sepsis, leading causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) where mortality rates remain up to 40%. Multiple investigators have demonstrated that one of the underlying mechanisms of the effects of EVs is through the transfer of EV content to host cells, resulting in apoptosis, inflammation, and permeability in target organs. AREAS COVERED The current review focuses on preclinical research examining the role of EVs released into the plasma and injured alveolus during pneumonia and sepsis. EXPERT OPINION Inflammation is associated with elevated levels of circulating EVs that are released by activated structural and immune cells and can have significant proinflammatory, procoagulant, and pro-permeability effects in critically ill patients with pneumonia and/or sepsis. However, clinical translation of the use of EVs as biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets may be limited by current methodologies used to identify and quantify EVs accurately (whether from host cells or infecting organisms) and lack of understanding of the role of EVs in the reparative phase during recovery from pneumonia and/or sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjung Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s hospital, Catholic College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Masaru Shimizu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jae-Woo Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Jae-Woo Lee, MD, Professor, University of California San Francisco, Department of Anesthesiology, 505 Parnassus Ave., Box 0648, San Francisco, CA 94143, Telephone: (415) 476-0452, Fax: (415) 514-2999,
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Zhou R, Bozbas E, Allen-Redpath K, Yaqoob P. Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Are Strongly Associated With Cardiovascular Risk Markers. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:907457. [PMID: 35694679 PMCID: PMC9178174 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.907457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are submicron membrane-bound vesicles released from various cells, which are emerging as a potential novel biomarker in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) due to their procoagulatory and prothrombotic properties. However, there is little information about the relationships between circulating EVs and conventional and thrombogenic risk markers of CVDs. Objective To investigate the relationships between circulating EVs, conventional cardiovascular risk markers and thrombogenic markers in subjects with moderate risk of CVDs. Design Subjects (n = 40) aged 40-70 years with moderate risk of CVDs were recruited and assessed for body mass index, blood pressure and plasma lipid profile, as well as platelet aggregation, clot formation, thrombin generation and fibrinolysis. Numbers of circulating EVs were assessed by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis and flow cytometry. A range of assays were used to assess the procoagulatory activity of plasma and circulating EVs. Results Circulating EV numbers were positively associated with body mass index, blood pressure, plasma triacylglycerol concentration and overall CVD risk. Higher circulating EV numbers were also associated with increased thrombin generation and enhanced clot formation, and EVs isolated from subjects with moderate CVD risk promoted thrombin generation ex vivo. Higher numbers of endothelial-derived EVs were associated with a greater tendency for clot lysis. Plasma triacylglycerol concentration and diastolic blood pressure independently predicted circulating EV numbers, and EV numbers independently predicted aspects of thrombin generation and clot formation and 10-year CVD risk. Conclusion Circulating EVs were strongly associated with both conventional and thrombogenic risk markers of CVDs, and also with overall CVD risk, highlighting a potentially important role for EVs in CVDs.
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Hasse S, Julien AS, Duchez AC, Zhao C, Boilard E, Fortin PR, Bourgoin SG. Red blood cell-derived phosphatidylserine positive extracellular vesicles are associated with past thrombotic events in patients with systemic erythematous lupus. Lupus Sci Med 2022; 9:9/1/e000605. [PMID: 35260475 PMCID: PMC8905995 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2021-000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by blood cells have proinflammation and procoagulant action. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) present high vascular inflammation and are prone to develop cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we postulated that the EV populations found in blood, including platelet EVs (PEVs) and red blood cell EVs (REVs), are associated with SLE disease activity and SLE-associated cardiovascular accidents. Method We assessed autotaxin (ATX) plasma levels by ELISA, the platelet activation markers PAC1 and CD62P, ATX bound to platelets and the amounts of plasma PEVs and REVs by flow cytometry in a cohort of 102 patients with SLE, including 29 incident cases of SLE and 30 controls. Correlation analyses explored the associations with the clinical parameters. Result Platelet activation markers were increased in patients with SLE compared with healthy control, with the marker CD62P associated with the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI). The incident cases show additional associations between platelet markers (CD62P/ATX and PAC1/CD62P) and the SLEDAI. Compared with controls, patients with SLE presented higher levels of PEVs, phosphatidylserine positive (PS+) PEVs, REVs and PS+ REVs, but there is no association with disease activity. When stratified according to the plasma level of PS+ REVs, the group of patients with SLE with a high level of PS+ REVs presented a higher number of past thrombosis events and higher ATX levels. Conclusion Incident and prevalent forms of SLE cases present similar levels of platelet activation markers, with CD62P correlating with disease activity. Though EVs are not associated with disease activity, the incidence of past thrombotic events is higher in patients with a high level of PS+ REVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Hasse
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Centre ARThrite de l'Université Laval, Quebec city, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Julien
- Département de mathématiques et statistique, Université Laval, Quebec city, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne-Claire Duchez
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Centre ARThrite de l'Université Laval, Quebec city, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chenqi Zhao
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Centre ARThrite de l'Université Laval, Quebec city, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Boilard
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et immunologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Centre ARThrite de l'Université Laval, Quebec city, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul R Fortin
- Département de Médecine, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Centre ARThrite de l'Université Laval, Quebec city, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvain G Bourgoin
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et immunologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Centre ARThrite de l'Université Laval, Quebec city, Quebec, Canada
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Ebeyer-Masotta M, Eichhorn T, Weiss R, Semak V, Lauková L, Fischer MB, Weber V. Heparin-Functionalized Adsorbents Eliminate Central Effectors of Immunothrombosis, including Platelet Factor 4, High-Mobility Group Box 1 Protein and Histones. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031823. [PMID: 35163743 PMCID: PMC8836755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and thrombosis are closely intertwined in numerous disorders, including ischemic events and sepsis, as well as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Thrombotic complications are markers of disease severity in both sepsis and COVID-19 and are associated with multiorgan failure and increased mortality. Immunothrombosis is driven by the complement/tissue factor/neutrophil axis, as well as by activated platelets, which can trigger the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and release further effectors of immunothrombosis, including platelet factor 4 (PF4/CXCL4) and high-mobility box 1 protein (HMGB1). Many of the central effectors of deregulated immunothrombosis, including activated platelets and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs) expressing PF4, soluble PF4, HMGB1, histones, as well as histone-decorated NETs, are positively charged and thus bind to heparin. Here, we provide evidence that adsorbents functionalized with endpoint-attached heparin efficiently deplete activated platelets, pEVs, PF4, HMGB1 and histones/nucleosomes. We propose that this elimination of central effectors of immunothrombosis, rather than direct binding of pathogens, could be of clinical relevance for mitigating thrombotic complications in sepsis or COVID-19 using heparin-functionalized adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ebeyer-Masotta
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (M.E.-M.); (T.E.); (R.W.); (V.S.); (L.L.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Tanja Eichhorn
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (M.E.-M.); (T.E.); (R.W.); (V.S.); (L.L.); (M.B.F.)
| | - René Weiss
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (M.E.-M.); (T.E.); (R.W.); (V.S.); (L.L.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Vladislav Semak
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (M.E.-M.); (T.E.); (R.W.); (V.S.); (L.L.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Lucia Lauková
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (M.E.-M.); (T.E.); (R.W.); (V.S.); (L.L.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Michael B. Fischer
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (M.E.-M.); (T.E.); (R.W.); (V.S.); (L.L.); (M.B.F.)
- Clinic for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (M.E.-M.); (T.E.); (R.W.); (V.S.); (L.L.); (M.B.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-2732-893-2601
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Jing H, Zuo N, Novakovic VA, Shi J. The Central Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Mechanisms of Thrombosis in COVID-19 Patients With Cancer and Therapeutic Strategies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:792335. [PMID: 35096822 PMCID: PMC8790316 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.792335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients have increased SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and are prone to developing severe COVID-19 infections. The incidence of venous thrombosis is approximately 20% in COVID-19 patients with cancer. It has been suggested that thrombus formation has been suggested to correlate with severe clinical manifestations, mortality, and sequelae. In this review, we primarily elaborate on the pathophysiological mechanisms of thrombosis in COVID-19 patients with cancer, emphasize the role of microparticles (MPs) and phosphatidylserine (PS) in coagulation, and propose an antithrombotic strategy. The coagulation mechanisms of COVID-19 and cancer synergistically amplify the coagulation cascade, and collectively promotes pulmonary microvascular occlusion. During systemic coagulation, the virus activates immune cells to release abundant proinflammatory cytokines, referred to as cytokine storm, resulting in the apoptosis of tumor and blood cells and subsequent MPs release. Additionally, we highlight that tumor cells contribute to MPs and coagulation by apoptosis owing to insufficient blood supply. A positive feedback loop of cytokines storm and MPs storm promotes microvascular coagulation storm, leading to microthrombi formation and inadequate blood perfusion. Microthrombi-damaged endothelial cells (ECs), tumor, and blood cells further aggravate the apoptosis of the cells and facilitate MPs storm. PS, especially on MPs, plays a pivotal role in the blood coagulation process, contributing to clot initiation, amplification, and propagation. Since coagulation is a common pathway of COVID-19 and cancer, and associated with mortality, patients would benefit from antithrombotic therapy. The above results lead us to assert that early stage antithrombotic therapy is optimal. This strategy is likely to maintain blood flow patency contributing to viral clearance, attenuating the formation of cytokines and MPs storm, maintaining oxygen saturation, and avoiding the progress of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiao Jing
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Zuo
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Valerie A Novakovic
- Department of Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jialan Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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50
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Hosseini NF, Dalirfardouei R, Aliramaei MR, Najafi R. Stem cells or their exosomes: which is preferred in COVID-19 treatment? Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:159-177. [PMID: 35043287 PMCID: PMC8765836 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It only took 8 months for the pneumonia caused by a previously unknown coronavirus to turn into a global pandemic of unprecedentedly far-reaching implications. Failure of the already discovered treatment measures opened up a new opportunity to evaluate the potentials of mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes in particular. Eventually, the initial success experienced after the use of MSCs in treating the new pneumonia by Lnge and his team backed up the idea of MSC-based therapies and pushed them closer to becoming a reality. However, MSC-related concerns regarding safety such as abnormal differentiation, spontaneous malignant and the formation of ectopic tissues have triggered the replacement of MSCs by their secreted exosomes. The issue has been further strengthened by the fact that the exosomes leave similar treatment impacts when compared to their parental cells. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the use of MSC-derived exosomes in the treatment of a variety of diseases. With a primary focus on COVID-19 and its current treatment methods, the present review looks into the potentials of MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes in battling the ongoing pandemic. Finally, the research will draw an analogy between exosomes and their parental cells, when it comes to the progresses and challenges in using exosomes as a large-scale treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashmin Fayazi Hosseini
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Razieh Dalirfardouei
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Rezvan Najafi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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