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Wang C, Ding K, Xie X, Zhou J, Liu P, Wang S, Fang T, Xu G, Tang C, Hong H. Soy Product Consumption and the Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutrients 2024; 16:986. [PMID: 38613019 PMCID: PMC11013307 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between soy product consumption and cancer risk varies among studies. Therefore, this comprehensive meta-analysis of observational studies examines the association between soy product consumption and total cancer risk. METHODS This study was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Up to October 2023, all eligible published studies were searched through PubMed and Web of Science databases. RESULTS A total of 52 studies on soy product consumption were included in this meta-analysis (17 cohort studies and 35 case-control studies). High consumption of total soy products (RR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.80), tofu (RR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.86), and soymilk (RR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.93) were associated with reduced total cancer risk. No association was found between high consumption of fermented soy products (RR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.47), non-fermented soy products (RR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.18), soy paste (RR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.14), miso soup (RR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.87, 1.12), or natto (RR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.11) and cancer risk. A 54 g per day increment of total soy products reduced cancer risk by 11%, a 61 g per day increment of tofu reduced cancer risk by 12%, and a 23 g per day increment of soymilk reduced cancer risk by 28%, while none of the other soy products were associated with cancer risk. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that high total soy product consumption, especially soymilk and tofu, is associated with lower cancer risk. More prospective cohort studies are still needed to confirm the causal relationship between soy product consumption and cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenting Wang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (C.W.); (X.X.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (S.W.); (T.F.)
| | - Keqing Ding
- Ningbo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China;
| | - Xuanzhen Xie
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (C.W.); (X.X.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (S.W.); (T.F.)
| | - Jinyue Zhou
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (C.W.); (X.X.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (S.W.); (T.F.)
| | - Pengju Liu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (C.W.); (X.X.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (S.W.); (T.F.)
| | - Shuang Wang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (C.W.); (X.X.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (S.W.); (T.F.)
| | - Ting Fang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (C.W.); (X.X.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (S.W.); (T.F.)
| | - Guozhang Xu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (C.W.); (X.X.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (S.W.); (T.F.)
| | - Chunlan Tang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (C.W.); (X.X.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (S.W.); (T.F.)
| | - Hang Hong
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (C.W.); (X.X.); (J.Z.); (P.L.); (S.W.); (T.F.)
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Leñini C, Rodriguez Ayala F, Goñi AJ, Rateni L, Nakamura A, Grau RR. Probiotic properties of Bacillus subtilis DG101 isolated from the traditional Japanese fermented food nattō. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1253480. [PMID: 37840737 PMCID: PMC10569484 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1253480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spore-forming probiotic bacteria offer interesting properties as they have an intrinsic high stability, and when consumed, they are able to survive the adverse conditions encountered during the transit thorough the host gastrointestinal (GI) tract. A traditional healthy food, nattō, exists in Japan consisting of soy fermented by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus subtilis natto. The consumption of nattō is linked to many beneficial health effects, including the prevention of high blood pressure, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular-associated disease. We hypothesize that the bacterium B. subtilis natto plays a key role in the beneficial effects of nattō for humans. Here, we present the isolation of B. subtilis DG101 from nattō and its characterization as a novel spore-forming probiotic strain for human consumption. B. subtilis DG101 was non-hemolytic and showed high tolerance to lysozyme, low pH, bile salts, and a strong adherence ability to extracellular matrix proteins (i.e., fibronectin and collagen), demonstrating its potential application for competitive exclusion of pathogens. B. subtilis DG101 forms robust liquid and solid biofilms and expresses several extracellular enzymes with activity against food diet-associated macromolecules (i.e., proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides) that would be important to improve food diet digestion by the host. B. subtilis DG101 was able to grow in the presence of toxic metals (i.e., chromium, cadmium, and arsenic) and decreased their bioavailability, a feature that points to this probiotic as an interesting agent for bioremediation in cases of food and water poisoning with metals. In addition, B. subtilis DG101 was sensitive to antibiotics commonly used to treat infections in medical settings, and at the same time, it showed a potent antimicrobial effect against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. In mammalians (i.e., rats), B. subtilis DG101 colonized the GI tract, and improved the lipid and protein serum homeostasis of animals fed on the base of a normal- or a deficient-diet regime (dietary restriction). In the animal model for longevity studies, Caenorhabditis elegans, B. subtilis DG101 significantly increased the animal lifespan and prevented its age-related behavioral decay. Overall, these results demonstrate that B. subtilis DG101 is the key component of nattō with interesting probiotic properties to improve and protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Leñini
- Departamento de Microbiología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Facundo Rodriguez Ayala
- Departamento de Microbiología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Anibal Juan Goñi
- Departamento de Microbiología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Liliana Rateni
- Departamento de Microbiología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Akira Nakamura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Roberto Ricardo Grau
- Departamento de Microbiología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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Kwak JH, Eun CS, Han DS, Kim YS, Song KS, Choi BY, Kim HJ. Association between soy products, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products and gastric cancer risk in Helicobacter pylori-infected subjects: a case-control study in Korea. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:122-134. [PMID: 36777798 PMCID: PMC9884584 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.1.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Consumption of certain protective foods may help inhibit Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) associated gastric pathologies. However, studies conducted to assess the efficacy of protective foods in H. pylori-infected subjects are either limited or inconsistent. This study evaluated the association of individual or a combination of protective foods on the incidence of gastric cancer (GC) in H. pylori-positive subjects through a case-control study. MATERIALS/METHODS Subjects aged 20-79 years were selected from 2 hospitals between December 2002 and September 2006. In total, 134 patients and 212 controls tested positive for H. pylori infection. Among these, we included 82 pairs of cases and controls matched by sex, age (± 5 years), enrollment period (± 1 years), and hospital. RESULTS A higher intake of soy products was associated with a significantly lower risk of GC than a lower intake of soy products (odds ratio [OR] = 0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.14-0.96). Additionally, a higher fruit intake resulted in a significantly lower risk of GC than a lower fruit intake (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.13-0.94). A combination of food groups was evaluated, and a lower risk of GC was observed with a high intake of both soy products and fruits (OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.06-0.67), high intake of soy and dairy products (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.10-0.78) and high intake of fruits and dairy products (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.09-0.83). CONCLUSIONS A high intake of soy products or fruits was associated with a lower risk of GC. A combination of soy products or fruits with dairy products was associated with a lower risk of GC. A balanced intake of soy products, fruits, and dairy products may help reduce GC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Kwak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea
| | - Chang Soo Eun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Han
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea
| | - Yong Sung Kim
- Functional Genomics Institute, PDXen Biosystems Co., Daejeon 34129, Korea
| | - Kyu Sang Song
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Bo Youl Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Hyun Ja Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea
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Yip CSC, Yip YC, Chan W. The associations of soya intakes with non-communicable diseases: a scoping review of meta-analyses. Br J Nutr 2023; 129:135-146. [PMID: 35249559 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This scoping review aimed to identify published meta-analyses of the associations of dietary soya intakes with cardiovascular, cancer and diabetes II diseases and the best relative risk estimates. A published novel assessment process combining the well-validated Cochrane Review measures, the AMSTAR 2 checklist and a published algorithm specifically designed for conducting a scoping review of similar meta-analyses was employed. This scoping review identified and evaluated twenty-eight meta-analysis reports, published between 2000 and 2021, on the associations of soya intakes with cardiovascular, cancer and diabetes II diseases. It identified eighteen significantly negatively associated risk–disease pairs for total soya intakes, four significantly negatively associated risk–disease pairs for unfermented soya intakes and four significantly negatively associated risk–disease pairs for fermented soya intakes when compared high against low intakes. The largest significant risk decrease found was gastric cancer mortalities with relative risk (RR) 0·49 (95 % CI: 0·35, 0·68); followed by colorectal cancer mortalities RR 0·59 (95 % CI: 0·41, 0·84); ovarian cancer RR 0·52 (95 % CI: 0·42, 0·66) and endocrine-related gynaecological cancer RR 0·61 (95 % CI: 0·53, 0·72). The fermented soya intake and gastric cancer risk–disease pair were identified to be significantly positively associated, RR 1·22 (95 % CI: 1·02, 1·44) when compared high against low intakes. Four significantly negatively associated risk–disease dose–responses were also identified. Being the products with lower greenhouse gas emission intensities, soya products could be the better dietary alternatives to animal products for reducing cardiovascular, cancer and diabetes II diseases and helping combat climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wendy Chan
- Hong Kong Community College, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Diet and Risk of Gastric Cancer: An Umbrella Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091764. [PMID: 35565732 PMCID: PMC9105055 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several dietary exposures have been associated with gastric cancer (GC), but the associations are often heterogenous and may be afflicted by inherent biases. In the context of an Umbrella Review (UR), we provide an overview and a critical evaluation of the strength and quality, and evidence classification of the associations of diet-related exposures in relation to the risk of GC. We searched PubMed and Scopus for eligible meta-analyses of observational studies published in English from inception to 12 December 2021, and for any identified association, we applied robust epidemiological validity evaluation criteria and individual study quality assessment using AMSTAR. We screened 3846 titles/abstracts and assessed 501 full articles for eligibility, of which 49 were included in the analysis, investigating 147 unique exposures in relation to GC, cardia (GCC) or non-cardia (GNCC) cancer. Supported by suggestive evidence, positive associations were found comparing the highest vs. lowest categories for: heavy (>42 g/day) alcohol consumption (Relative Risk (RR) = 1.42, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.20−1.67), salted fish consumption (RR = 1.56, 95% CI:1.30−1.87) and waist circumference (RR = 1.48, 95% CI:1.24−1.78) and an inverse association for the healthy lifestyle index (RR = 0.60, 95% CI:0.48−0.74) in relation to GC. Additionally, a positive association was found comparing obese individuals (Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 30) to normal-weight individuals (BMI: 18.5−25) (RR = 1.82, 95% CI:1.32−2.49) in relation to GCC. Most of the meta-analyses were of medium-to-high quality (median items: 7.0, interquartile range: 6−9). Maintaining a normal body weight and adopting healthy dietary choices, in particular, limiting the consumption of salt-preserved foods and alcohol, can reduce the risk of gastric cancer.
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6
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Zhang M, Bai Y, Wang Y, Cui H, Tang M, Wang L, Wang X, Gu D. Cumulative Evidence for Associations Between Genetic Variants in Interleukin 6 Receptor Gene and Human Diseases and Phenotypes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:860703. [PMID: 35493452 PMCID: PMC9046675 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.860703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic studies have linked polymorphisms in the interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R) gene to the risk of multiple human diseases and phenotypes, yet have reported inconsistent results. We aimed to synthesize current knowledge of variants in the IL6R gene on the risk of diseases and phenotypes. Methods We searched the Medline and Embase databases to identify relevant publications. Meta-analysis was performed utilizing DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. We also graded cumulative evidence for significant associations. Furthermore, phenome-wide analyses and functional annotations were performed for variants with strong evidence. Results We included 155 studies for evaluating the associations between 80 polymorphisms in the IL6R gene and the risk of 102 human diseases and 98 phenotypes. We conducted 58 main meta-analyses, and 41 significant associations were identified. Strong evidence was assigned to 29 associations that investigated ten variants (rs2228145, rs4129267, rs7529229, rs4537545, rs7518199, rs4845625, rs4553185, rs4845618, rs4845371, and rs6667434) related to the risk of four cardiovascular diseases (coronary heart disease, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, and abdominal aortic aneurysms), four inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, dermatitis, and asthma), and concentration of four phenotypes (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, IL-6, and sIL-6R). Furthermore, phenome-wide analysis verified that rs2228145 associated with asthma and dermatitis risk. Functional analyses indicated that these polymorphisms fall within exon, enhancer regions. Conclusions Our study comprehensively summarizes current data on the genetic architecture of the IL6R gene and highlights the pharmacological targeting potential of IL-6R on cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Bai
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huijie Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshuang Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lanbing Wang
- Division of Medical Affairs, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongqing Gu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Dongqing Gu,
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Fan Y, Wang M, Li Z, Jiang H, Shi J, Shi X, Liu S, Zhao J, Kong L, Zhang W, Ma L. Intake of Soy, Soy Isoflavones and Soy Protein and Risk of Cancer Incidence and Mortality. Front Nutr 2022; 9:847421. [PMID: 35308286 PMCID: PMC8931954 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.847421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Associations between soy intake and risk of cancer have been evaluated in prospective observational studies with inconsistent results. Whether the potential anticancer effects offered by soy were attributed to soy isoflavones and soy protein still needs to be elucidated. This study aimed to comprehensively quantify the association of soy, soy isoflavones and soy protein intake with risk of cancer incidence and cancer mortality by conducting a meta-analysis of all available studies. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to 16 September 2021. Prospective cohort studies that examined the effect of soy, soy isoflavones and soy protein on cancer incidence and cancer mortality were identified. Random-effects models were used to pool the multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The potential dose-response relations were explored by using generalized least-squares trend estimation. Results Eighty one prospective cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. A higher intake of soy was significantly associated with a 10% reduced risk of cancer incidence (RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83–0.96). Each additional 25 g/d soy intake decreased the risk of cancer incidence by 4%. Intake of soy isoflavones was inversely associated with risk of cancer incidence (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89–0.99), whereas no significant association was observed for soy protein. The risk of cancer incidence was reduced by 4% with each 10 mg/d increment of soy isoflavones intake. Similar inverse associations were also found for soy in relation to site-specific cancers, particularly lung cancer (RR, 0.67; 95%CI, 0.52–0.86) and prostate cancer (RR, 0.88; 95%CI, 0.78–0.99). However, high intake of soy, soy isoflavones and soy protein were not associated with cancer mortality. Conclusions Higher intake of soy and soy isoflavones were inversely associated with risk of cancer incidence, which suggested that the beneficial role of soy against cancer might be primarily attributed to soy isoflavones. These findings support recommendations to include soy as part of a healthy dietary pattern for the prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingxu Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaofang Li
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Shi
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Shi
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Sijiao Liu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinping Zhao
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Liyun Kong
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
- Liyun Kong
| | - Wei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Wei Zhang
| | - Le Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Le Ma
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Bosland MC, Huang J, Schlicht MJ, Enk E, Xie H, Kato I. Impact of 18-Month Soy Protein Supplementation on Steroid Hormones and Serum Biomarkers of Angiogenesis, Apoptosis, and the Growth Hormone/IGF-1 Axis: Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Males Following Prostatectomy. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:110-121. [PMID: 33432829 PMCID: PMC8996680 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1870706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have addressed the effects of dietary supplementation with soy protein on cancer risk and mortality, but there are only few randomized studies with soy in males. We used serum samples from a two-year trial of soy protein isolate supplementation in middle-aged to older males at risk of recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy to determine soy effects on steroid hormones involved in prostate cancer (testosterone, SHBG, and estradiol) and explore the effects on biomarkers of the growth hormone/IGF-1 axis, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Compared with a casein-based placebo, 18 mo, of consumption of 19.2 g/day of whole soy protein isolate containing 24 mg genistein-reduced circulating testosterone and SHBG, but not free testosterone, and did not affect serum concentrations of estradiol, VEGF, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio, soluble Fas, Fas-ligand, and sFas/Fas-ligand ratio. Thus, soy protein supplementation for 18 mo, affected the androgen axis, but the effects on other cancer biomarkers remain to be more definitively determined. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00765479).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten C. Bosland
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan Huang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Current affiliation: Rush Copley Medical Center, Aurora, IL, USA
| | - Michael J. Schlicht
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erika Enk
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hui Xie
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ikuko Kato
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Wang Y, Guo J, Yu F, Tian Y, Wu Y, Cui L, Liu LE. The association between soy-based food and soy isoflavone intake and the risk of gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:5314-5324. [PMID: 34032287 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soy contains many bioactive phytochemicals, such as isoflavones, which have the effect of preventing many cancers. Some studies have shown the beneficial effect of soy-based food and isoflavone intake on gastric cancer (GC), while others claimed no effect. Therefore, whether the beneficial effect of soy-based food is related to its fermentation or whether its protective effect comes from isoflavones still remains inconclusive. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between total soybean, fermented soybean, non-fermented soybean and isoflavone intake, and the risk of GC. Ten cohort studies and 21 case-control studies involving 916 354 participants were included. The association between soy-based food and isoflavone intake and the risk of GC was calculated with the pooled relative risks (RRs) for the highest versus lowest intake categories. The results showed that isoflavone intake might be a protective factor to GC, but the result was not statistically significant (RR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.79-1.07). However, total soybean intake could significantly decrease the risk of GC by 36% (RR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.51-0.80), which might be credited to non-fermented soybean products (RR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.71-0.87). In contrast, high intake of fermented soybean products could increase the risk of GC (RR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.02-1.38). High intake of total soybean and non-fermented soybean products could reduce the risk of GC, and high intake of fermented soybean products could increase the risk, which indicated that the beneficial effect of soy-based food might be related to its non-fermentation. However, high intake of isoflavones may not be associated with the incidence of GC. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaping Guo
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Tian
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Health Inspection of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Cui
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-E Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Health Inspection of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou City, People's Republic of China
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Qiu YA, Xiong J, Yu T. Role of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor in Digestive System Carcinomas: A Minireview. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2611-2622. [PMID: 33888991 PMCID: PMC8055353 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s291896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestive system carcinomas are one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), a novel estrogen receptor, has been recognized as an important mediator in numerous cancer types. Recently, the function and clinical significance of GPER in digestive system carcinomas has been a subject of interest. Increasing evidence has revealed that GPER plays an important role as a potential biomarker in digestive system carcinomas. This work summarizes the recent literature and focuses on the emerging functional role of GPER in digestive system carcinomas, including gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. The potential application of GPER in novel strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system carcinomas is discussed and highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-An Qiu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang University Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, 330029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Tenghua Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang University Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, 330029, People's Republic of China
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Veettil SK, Wong TY, Loo YS, Playdon MC, Lai NM, Giovannucci EL, Chaiyakunapruk N. Role of Diet in Colorectal Cancer Incidence: Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses of Prospective Observational Studies. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2037341. [PMID: 33591366 PMCID: PMC7887658 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.37341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Several meta-analyses have summarized evidence for the association between dietary factors and the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, to date, there has been little synthesis of the strength, precision, and quality of this evidence in aggregate. OBJECTIVE To grade the evidence from published meta-analyses of prospective observational studies that assessed the association of dietary patterns, specific foods, food groups, beverages (including alcohol), macronutrients, and micronutrients with the incidence of CRC. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from database inception to September 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW Only meta-analyses of prospective observational studies with a cohort study design were eligible. Evidence of association was graded according to established criteria as follows: convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive, weak, or not significant. RESULTS From 9954 publications, 222 full-text articles (2.2%) were evaluated for eligibility, and 45 meta-analyses (20.3%) that described 109 associations between dietary factors and CRC incidence were selected. Overall, 35 of the 109 associations (32.1%) were nominally statistically significant using random-effects meta-analysis models; 17 associations (15.6%) demonstrated large heterogeneity between studies (I2 > 50%), whereas small-study effects were found for 11 associations (10.1%). Excess significance bias was not detected for any association between diet and CRC. The primary analysis identified 5 (4.6%) convincing, 2 (1.8%) highly suggestive, 10 (9.2%) suggestive, and 18 (16.5%) weak associations between diet and CRC, while there was no evidence for 74 (67.9%) associations. There was convincing evidence of an association of intake of red meat (high vs low) and alcohol (≥4 drinks/d vs 0 or occasional drinks) with the incidence of CRC and an inverse association of higher vs lower intakes of dietary fiber, calcium, and yogurt with CRC risk. The evidence for convincing associations remained robust following sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This umbrella review found convincing evidence of an association between lower CRC risk and higher intakes of dietary fiber, dietary calcium, and yogurt and lower intakes of alcohol and red meat. More research is needed on specific foods for which evidence remains suggestive, including other dairy products, whole grains, processed meat, and specific dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajesh K. Veettil
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Tse Yee Wong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee Shen Loo
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mary C. Playdon
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Nai Ming Lai
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Abstract
A wide variety of plant species provide edible seeds. Seeds are the dominant source of human calories and protein. The most important and popular seed food sources are cereals, followed by legumes and nuts. Their nutritional content of fiber, protein, and monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fats make them extremely nutritious. They are important additions to our daily food consumption. When consumed as part of a healthy diet, seeds can help reduce blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure.
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