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Sun K, Fu K, Hu T, Shentu X, Yu X. Leveraging insect viruses and genetic manipulation for sustainable agricultural pest control. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2515-2527. [PMID: 37948321 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The potential of insect viruses in the biological control of agricultural pests is well-recognized, yet their practical application faces obstacles such as host specificity, variable virulence, and resource scarcity. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies have significantly advanced our capabilities in discovering and identifying new insect viruses, thereby enriching the arsenal for pest management. Concurrently, progress in reverse genetics has facilitated the development of versatile viral expression vectors. These vectors have enhanced the specificity and effectiveness of insect viruses in targeting specific pests, offering a more precise approach to pest control. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the methodologies employed in the identification of insect viruses using HTS. Additionally, it explores the domain of genetically modified insect viruses and their associated challenges in pest management. The adoption of these cutting-edge approaches holds great promise for developing environmentally sustainable and effective pest control solutions. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Zhejinag Seed Industry Group Xinchuang Bio-breeding Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuping Shentu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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Hou R, Wang Z, Zhu Q, Wang J, Zhou Y, Li Y, Liu H, Zhao Q, Huang J. Identification and characterization of the critical genes encoding Cd-induced enhancement of SOD isozymes activities in Zhe-Maidong ( Ophiopogon japonicus). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1355849. [PMID: 38606075 PMCID: PMC11007131 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1355849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) protects plants from abiotic stress-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage. Here, the effects of cadmium (Cd) exposure on ROS accumulation and SOD isozymes, as well as the identification of significant SOD isozyme genes, were investigated under different Cd stress treatments to Zhe-Maidong (Ophiopogon japonicus). The exposure to Cd stress resulted in a notable elevation in the SOD activity in roots. Cu/ZnSODa and Cu/ZnSODb were the most critical SOD isozymes in response to Cd stress, as indicated by the detection results for SOD isozymes. A total of 22 OjSOD genes were identified and classified into three subgroups, including 10 OjCu/ZnSODs, 6 OjMnSODs, and 6 OjFeSODs, based on the analysis of conserved motif and phylogenetic tree. Cu/ZnSOD-15, Cu/ZnSOD-18, Cu/ZnSOD-20, and Cu/ZnSOD-22 were the main genes that control the increase in SOD activity under Cd stress, as revealed via quantitative PCR and transcriptome analysis. Additionally, under various heavy metal stress (Cu2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Mn2+), Cu/ZnSOD-15, Cu/ZnSOD-18, and Cu/ZnSOD-22 gene expression were significantly upregulated, indicating that these three genes play a critical part in resisting heavy metal stress. The molecular docking experiments performed on the interaction between oxygen ion (O2•-) and OjSOD protein have revealed that the critical amino acid residues involved in the binding of Cu/ZnSOD-22 to the substrate were Pro135, Ile136, Ile140, and Arg144. Our findings provide a solid foundation for additional functional investigations on the OjSOD genes, as well as suggestions for improving genetic breeding and agricultural management strategies to increase Cd resistance in O. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Hou
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Li
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Guo X, Yan X, Wang Y, Shi Z, Niu J, Liang J, Jia X. Integrated Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Effects of Cutting on the Synthesis of Flavonoids and Saponins in Chinese Herbal Medicine Astragalus mongholious. Metabolites 2024; 14:97. [PMID: 38392989 PMCID: PMC10891646 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Astragali Radix, derived from the roots of Astragalus mongholicus, is a traditional Chinese medicine containing flavonoids and saponins as its key ingredients. With a shortage in the wild sources of the herbal plant, it is especially important to explore a cultivation mode for A. mongholicus for medicinal purposes. Cutting, a physical environmental stress method, was used in this study with the objective of improving the quality of this herbal legume. We found that cutting of the top 1/3 of the aboveground part of A. mongholicus during the fruiting period resulted in a significant increase in the content of flavonoids and saponins, as well as in root growth, including length, diameter, and dry weight. Furthermore, the leaves were sampled and analyzed using a combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis approach at five different time points after the treatment. Sixteen differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids were identified; these were found to stimulate the synthesis of flavonoids such as formononetin and calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside. Moreover, we identified 10 DEGs that were associated with the biosynthesis of saponins, including astragaloside IV and soyasaponin I, and found that they only regulated the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway. These findings provide new insights into cultivating high-quality A. mongholicus, which could potentially alleviate the scarcity of this valuable medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.G.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (Z.S.); (J.N.); (X.J.)
| | - Xiang Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.G.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (Z.S.); (J.N.); (X.J.)
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.G.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (Z.S.); (J.N.); (X.J.)
| | - Zhiyong Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.G.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (Z.S.); (J.N.); (X.J.)
| | - Jingping Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.G.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (Z.S.); (J.N.); (X.J.)
| | - Jianping Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.G.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (Z.S.); (J.N.); (X.J.)
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine Modernization, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xiaoyun Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.G.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (Z.S.); (J.N.); (X.J.)
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Seo JW, Lee JG, Yoo JH, Lim JD, Choi IY, Kim MJ, Yu CY, Seong ES. Cellular Morphology and Transcriptome Comparative Analysis of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge Sprouts Cultured In Vitro under Different LED Light. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091914. [PMID: 37176972 PMCID: PMC10180632 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus, the major components of which are saponins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, has been established to have excellent pharmacological activity. After ginseng, it is the second most used medicinal plant. To examine the utility of A. membranaceus as a sprout crop for plant factory cultivation, we sought to establish a functional substance control model by comparing the transcriptomes of sprouts grown in sterile, in vitro culture using LED light sources. Having sown the seeds of A. membranaceus, these were exposed to white LED light (continuous spectrum), red LED light (632 nm, 1.58 μmol/m2/s), or blue LED light (465 nm, 1.44 μmol/m2/s) and grown for 6 weeks; after which, the samples were collected for transcriptome analysis. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of cell morphology in plants exposed to the three light sources revealed that leaf cell size was largest in those plants exposed to red light, where the thickest stem was observed in plants exposed to white light. The total number of genes in A. membranaceus spouts determined via de novo assembly was 45,667. Analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that for the comparisons of blue LED vs. red LED, blue LED vs. white LED, and red LED vs. white LED, the numbers of upregulated genes were 132, 148, and 144, respectively. Binding, DNA integration, transport, phosphorylation, DNA biosynthetic process, membrane, and plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis were the most enriched in the comparative analysis of blue LED vs. red LED, whereas Binding, RNA-templated DNA biosynthetic process, DNA metabolic process, and DNA integration were the most enriched in the comparative analysis of blue vs. white LED, and DNA integration and resolution of meiotic recombination intermediates were the most enrichment in the comparison between red LED vs. white LED. The GO term associated with flavonoid biosynthesis, implying the functionality of A. membranaceus, was the flavonoid biosynthetic process, which was enriched in the white LED vs. red LED comparison. The findings of this study thus indicate that different LED light sources can differentially influence the transcriptome expression pattern of A. membranaceus sprouts, which can provide a basis for establishing a flavonoid biosynthesis regulation model and thus, the cultivation of high-functional Astragalus sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Seo
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Geun Lee
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hwajin Cosmetics, Hongcheon 25142, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Yoo
- Bioherb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Dae Lim
- Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik Young Choi
- Department of Agriculture and Life Industry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Myong Jo Kim
- Division of Bioresource Sciences, Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Yeon Yu
- Division of Bioresource Sciences, Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Soo Seong
- Division of Bioresource Sciences, Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Zhao Q, Li Q, Lin S, Hou R, Liu J, Tao Y, Li Y, Zhou Y, Ye Z, Yu X, Huang J. De Novo transcriptome combined with physiological analyses revealed key genes for cadmium accumulation in Zhe-Maidong ( Ophiopogon japonicus). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1078330. [PMID: 36578338 PMCID: PMC9791205 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1078330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that severely threatens safe food production. Zhe-Maidong, a well-known Chinese traditional herbal medicine, is susceptible to Cd stress. However, the characteristics of Cd transformation and migration, as well as the regulatory system for genes conferring Cd accumulation of Zhe-Maidong, remains an essential issue to be addressed. METHODS Zhe-Maidong seedling growth in Cd-contaminated and uncontaminated soil was conducted for 90 days. The Cd concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and the Cd2+ fluorescence probe detected Cd distributions. The root transcriptome of Zhe-Maidong was then evaluated using various Cd stress hydroponic treatments designated Cd-0, Cd-M, and Cd-H. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The enrichment factor (EF) value in the root was four times that of the leaves, indicating that the root has a high ability to absorb and accumulate Cd. The Cd2+ were mainly distributed in the root hair and the epidermis in both roots and leaves, revealing that the epidermal cells of roots may collect Cd2+ and also have an outstanding role in Cd2+ uptake. A total of 50 DEGs involved in Cd translocation and accumulation were identified. Among these DEGs, ANN, ABCC2/4, HMA1- 5, and CCX gene expression were positively correlated with EF-root, EF-leaf, EF-total, Cd-leaf, Cd-root, and Cd-plant, indicating their role in Cd transport and accumulation under Cd-stress. These data could be helpful in uncovering the Cd accumulation characteristics in Zhe-Maidong, as well as provide a bioinformatic foundation for investigations on finding gene functions and the screening of candidate genes related to Cd accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuting Lin
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruijun Hou
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianying Liu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yachen Tao
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zihong Ye
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Liu X, Gong X, Liu Y, Liu J, Zhang H, Qiao S, Li G, Tang M. Application of High-Throughput Sequencing on the Chinese Herbal Medicine for the Data-Mining of the Bioactive Compounds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:900035. [PMID: 35909744 PMCID: PMC9331165 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.900035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM) has been used worldwide in clinic to treat the vast majority of human diseases, and the healing effect is remarkable. However, the functional components and the corresponding pharmacological mechanism of the herbs are unclear. As one of the main means, the high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies have been employed to discover and parse the active ingredients of CHM. Moreover, a tremendous amount of effort is made to uncover the pharmacodynamic genes associated with the synthesis of active substances. Here, based on the genome-assembly and the downstream bioinformatics analysis, we present a comprehensive summary of the application of HTS on CHM for the synthesis pathways of active ingredients from two aspects: active ingredient properties and disease classification, which are important for pharmacological, herb molecular breeding, and synthetic biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xun Gong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hantao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Sen Qiao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
- Gang Li,
| | - Min Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Min Tang,
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Liang B, Zhang XX, Gu N. Virtual screening and network pharmacology-based synergistic mechanism identification of multiple components contained in Guanxin V against coronary artery disease. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:345. [PMID: 33187508 PMCID: PMC7664106 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03133-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guanxin V (GXV), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been widely used to treat coronary artery disease (CAD) in clinical practice in China. However, research on the active components and underlying mechanisms of GXV in CAD is still scarce. METHODS A virtual screening and network pharmacological approach was utilized for predicting the pharmacological mechanisms of GXV in CAD. The active compounds of GXV based on various TCM-related databases were selected and then the potential targets of these compounds were identified. Then, after the CAD targets were built through nine databases, a PPI network was constructed based on the matching GXV and CAD potential targets, and the hub targets were screened by MCODE. Moreover, Metascape was applied to GO and KEGG functional enrichment. Finally, HPLC fingerprints of GXV were established. RESULTS A total of 119 active components and 121 potential targets shared between CAD and GXV were obtained. The results of functional enrichment indicated that several GO biological processes and KEGG pathways of GXV mostly participated in the therapeutic mechanisms. Furthermore, 7 hub MCODEs of GXV were collected as potential targets, implying the complex effects of GXV-mediated protection against CAD. Six specific chemicals were identified. CONCLUSION GXV could be employed for CAD through molecular mechanisms, involving complex interactions between multiple compounds and targets, as predicted by virtual screening and network pharmacology. Our study provides a new TCM for the treatment of CAD and deepens the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of GXV against CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Ning Gu
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Liang J, Li W, Jia X, Zhang Y, Zhao J. Transcriptome sequencing and characterization of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus root reveals key genes involved in flavonoids biosynthesis. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:901-914. [PMID: 32519170 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-00953-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao is a traditional medicinal herb of Leguminosae since it contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, which have significant pharmacological effects on immunity and antioxidant. However, the scanty genomic and transcriptome resources of Astragalus membranaceus have hindered further exploration of its biosynthesis and accumulation mechanism. OBJECTIVE This project aim to further improve our understanding of the relationship between transcriptional behavior and flavonoids content of A. mongholicus. METHODS The accumulation of flavonoids and related gene expression in five different developmental stages (A: vegetative, B: florescence, C: fruiting, D: fruit ripening and E: defoliating stages) of A. mongholicus root were studied by combining UV spectrophotometry and transcriptomic techniques. The de novo assembly, annotation and functional evaluation of the contigs were performed with bioinformatics tools. RESULTS After screening and assembling the raw data, there were a total of 158,123 unigenes with an average length of 644.89 bp were finally obtained, which has 8362 unigenes could be jointly annotated by NR, SwissProt, eggNOG, GO, KEGG and Pfam databases. KEGG enrichment analysis was performed on differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in the four groups (A vs. B, B vs. C, C vs. D, D vs. E). The results showed that many DEGs in each group were significantly enriched to flavonoids biosynthesis related pathways. Among them, a number of 86 were involved in the biosynthesis of isoflavonoid (12), flavonoid (5) and phenylpropanoid (69). Further analysis of these DEGs revealed that the expression levels of key genes such as PAL, 4CL, CCR, COMT, DFR, etc. were all down-regulated at the fruiting stage, and then raised at the fruit ripening stage. This expression pattern was similar to the accumulation trend of total flavonoids content. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this comprehensive transcriptome dataset allowed the identification of genes associated with flavonoids metabolic pathways. The results laid a foundation for the biosynthesis and regulation of flavonoids. It also provided a scientific basis for the most suitable harvest time and resource utilization of A. mongholicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Liang
- Department of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Wenqian Li
- Department of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Jia
- Department of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- Experiment mangement center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China
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Pigment variation and transcriptional response of the pigment synthesis pathway in the S2309 triple-color ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) line. Genomics 2020; 112:2658-2665. [PMID: 32135298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ornamental kale is popular because of its colorful leaves and few studies have investigated the mechanism of color changes. In this study, an ornamental kale line (S2309) with three leaf colors was developed. Analysis of the anthocyanin, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents and RNA-seq were performed on the three leaf color types. There was less chlorophyll in the white leaves and purple leaves than in the green leaves, and the anthocyanin content was greatest in the purple leaves. All the downregulated DEGs related to chlorophyll metabolism were detected only in the S2309_G vs. S2309_W comparison, which indicated that the decrease in chlorophyll content was caused mainly by the inhibition of chlorophyll biosynthesis during the leaf color change from green to white. Moreover, the expression of 19 DEGs involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway was upregulated. These results provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying the three-color formation.
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Zhang P, Zheng F, Chen L, Lu X, Tian W. CIP elicitors on the defense response of A. macrocephala and its related gene expression analysis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 245:153107. [PMID: 31881440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived elicitor is a new type of plant vaccine developed in the contemporary era, and it has safe and broad application prospects in organic agriculture. Research on defense mechanisms triggered by elicitor has become a hot topic in recent years. The Chrysanthemum indicum polysaccharide (CIP) obtained by separation and purification from Chrysanthemum indicum was used as an elicitor in this work. This elicitor has been shown to be effective in Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (A. macrocephala) against Sclerotium rolfsii sacc (S. rolfsii) infection and soil-borne diseases. However, the mechanism of induced disease resistance has not been elucidated. In this research, we study the CIP-induced A. macrocephala defense response from the level of signal molecules and the defensive enzyme gene expression. Several defense responses to CIP treatment have been found in A. macrocephala, including early hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) and increased phytoalexin (PA) content. In addition, CIP significantly increased the activity of related defense enzymes in A. macrocephala. RT-qPCR analysis showed that defense-related genes such as polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were up-regulated after CIP treatment. To obtain the sequence of the defense enzyme gene, we are the first to provide a public and comprehensive A. macrocephala database by transcriptome sequencing. These results together demonstrate that CIP triggers defense responses in A. macrocephala. Our research not only provides further research on immune mechanism between plant and elicitor, but also sheds new light on strategy for biocontrol in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Zhang
- Department of Forestry and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Forest Culture Cultivation Base, Natural Medicine Laboratory, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, PR China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Department of Forestry and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Forest Culture Cultivation Base, Natural Medicine Laboratory, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Forestry and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Forest Culture Cultivation Base, Natural Medicine Laboratory, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Lu
- Department of Forestry and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Forest Culture Cultivation Base, Natural Medicine Laboratory, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, PR China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Forestry and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Forest Culture Cultivation Base, Natural Medicine Laboratory, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, PR China.
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Li XJ, Yang JL, Hao B, Lu YC, Qian ZL, Li Y, Ye S, Tang JR, Chen M, Long GQ, Zhao Y, Zhang GH, Chen JW, Fan W, Yang SC. Comparative transcriptome and metabolome analyses provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying taproot thickening in Panax notoginseng. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:451. [PMID: 31655543 PMCID: PMC6815444 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taproot thickening is a complex biological process that is dependent on the coordinated expression of genes controlled by both environmental and developmental factors. Panax notoginseng is an important Chinese medicinal herb that is characterized by an enlarged taproot as the main organ of saponin accumulation. However, the molecular mechanisms of taproot enlargement are poorly understood. RESULTS A total of 29,957 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified during the thickening process in the taproots of P. notoginseng. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment revealed that DEGs associated with "plant hormone signal transduction," "starch and sucrose metabolism," and "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis" were predominantly enriched. Further analysis identified some critical genes (e.g., RNase-like major storage protein, DA1-related protein, and Starch branching enzyme I) and metabolites (e.g., sucrose, glucose, fructose, malate, and arginine) that potentially control taproot thickening. Several aspects including hormone crosstalk, transcriptional regulation, homeostatic regulation between sugar and starch, and cell wall metabolism, were identified as important for the thickening process in the taproot of P. notoginseng. CONCLUSION The results provide a molecular regulatory network of taproot thickening in P. notoginseng and facilitate the further characterization of the genes responsible for taproot formation in root medicinal plants or crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Jian-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Ying-Chun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Zhi-Long Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Shuang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Jun-Rong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Mo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Guang-Qiang Long
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Sheng-Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
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Zhang L, Luo Z, Cui S, Xie L, Yu J, Tang D, Ma X, Mou Y. Residue of Paclobutrazol and Its Regulatory Effects on the Secondary Metabolites of Ophiopogon japonicas. Molecules 2019; 24:E3504. [PMID: 31569613 PMCID: PMC6804066 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, paclobutrazol is excessively used in the planting process of Ophiopogon japonicus (O. japonicus) due to its important role in regulating the growth of tuber roots, ultimately increasing the yield and shortening the growth cycle of Ophiopogonis Radix. For insight into this process and the potential risks of paclobutrazol and its mediated consequences on the secondary metabolites in Ophiopogonis Radix, corresponding high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric methods (HPLC-MS/MS) were developed in this study and then applied to Ophiopogonis Radix, soil, and water samples. The results demonstrated the detection of different levels of paclobutrazol residue were in Ophiopogonis Radix, soil, and water samples. In addition, the quantitative results of the secondary metabolites showed that paclobutrazol significantly decreased four steroidal saponins in Ophiopogonis Radix, especially ophiopogonin D, where the content was decreased from 824.87 to 172.50 mg/kg. Concurrently, ophiopogonanone C, a flavonoid in Ophiopogonis Radix, also significantly decreased from 2.66 to 1.33 mg/kg. In conclusion, the residual paclobutrazol and its negative regulation on the secondary metabolism of Ophiopogonis Radix brings potential hazards to the environment and human health. These results provide more comprehensive data that can be used for the reassessment of the use of paclobutrazol in O. japonicus and the formulation of related standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jing Hong 666100, China.
| | - Zuliang Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shengrong Cui
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lei Xie
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jing Yu
- Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jing Hong 666100, China.
| | - Deying Tang
- Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jing Hong 666100, China.
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yan Mou
- Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jing Hong 666100, China.
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Insect-specific viruses: from discovery to potential translational applications. Curr Opin Virol 2018; 33:33-41. [PMID: 30048906 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade the scientific community has experienced a new age of virus discovery in arthropods in general, and in insects in particular. Next generation sequencing and advanced bioinformatics tools have provided new insights about insect viromes and viral evolution. In this review, we discuss some high-throughput sequencing technologies used to discover viruses in insects and the challenges raised in data interpretations. Additionally, the discovery of these novel viruses that are considered as insect-specific viruses (ISVs) has gained increasing attention in their potential use as biological agents. As example, we show how the ISV Nhumirim virus was used to reduce West Nile virus transmission when co-infecting the mosquito vector. We also discuss new translational opportunities of using ISVs to limit insect vector competence by using them to interfere with pathogen acquisition, to directly target the insect vector or to confer pathogen resistance by the insect vector.
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Hu J, Cheng P, Huang GY, Cai GW, Lian FZ, Wang XY, Gao S. Effects of Xin-Ji-Er-Kang on heart failure induced by myocardial infarction: Role of inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 42:245-257. [PMID: 29655692 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xin-Ji-Er-Kang (XJEK) is a Chinese herbal formula, which has been reported to exert effective protection on cardiovascular diseases like hypertension and myocarditis. PURPOSE To elucidate the protective effects of XJEK on heart failure (HF) induced by myocardial infarction (MI) through the amelioration of inflammation, oxidative stress (OS) and endothelial dysfunction(ED). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-seven male KM mice were randomized into the following six groups (n = 9-10 for each): control group, model group, MI+XJEK low dose group(XJEKL) group, MI+XJEK middle dose group(XJEKM), MI+XJEK high dose group(XJEKH), and MI+fosinopril group (positive control group). After treatment for four weeks, electrocardiography (ECG) and haemodynamics were recorded. Serum and tissues were collected for further analysis. Endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by acetylcholine was assessed in isolated thoracic aorta ring experiment. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Van Gieson (VG) staining were used to detect the pathological changes of heart and thoracic aorta. Colorimetric analysis was employed to determine serum nitric oxide level (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. ELISA was used to detect serum B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and serum inflammatory cytokines, as well as endothelial NO synthetase (eNOS), angiotensinII (Ang II) and endothelin-1(ET-1) concentration in both serum and cardiac tissues. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting (WB) were employed to detect eNOS and inflammatory cytokine expressions in cardiac tissues. RESULTS XJEK administration markedly ameliorated cardiac dysfunction and abnormal ECG manifested by decreased weight/body weight (HW/BW) ratio, BNP and remedied hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes and deposition of collagen, which might be in part attributed to the increased SOD and decreased MDA in serum. Furthermore, XJEK administration improved ED with boosted eNOS activities in serum and cardiac tissues, as well as up-regulated NO levels in serum, down-regulated Ang II and ET-1 content in serum and cardiac tissues. Lastly, protein expression of pro-inflammation cytokines significantly decreased, and anti-inflammatory cytokine was significantly enhanced in serum and cardiac tissues compared to model group. CONCLUSION XJEK may exert beneficial effects on HF induced by MI in mice, and the underlying mechanism may be attributable to the amelioration of ED, anti-OS and anti-inflammation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Pan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Guang-Yao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Guo-Wei Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Feng-Zhen Lian
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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