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Jang HY, Kim SJ, Park KS, Kim JH. Klotho prevents transforming growth factor-β2-induced senescent-like morphological changes in the retinal pigment epithelium. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:334. [PMID: 37210384 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Degenerative changes of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) triggered by transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) and oxidative stress play a critical role in the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The expression of α-klotho, an antiaging protein, declines with age, increasing the risk factors for age-related diseases. Here, we investigated the protective effects of soluble α-klotho on TGF-β2-induced RPE degeneration. The morphological changes induced by TGF-β2, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), were attenuated in the mouse RPE by the intravitreal injection (IVT) of α-klotho. In ARPE19 cells, EMT and morphological alterations by TGF-β2 were attenuated by co-incubation with α-klotho. TGF-β2 decreased miR-200a accompanied by zinc finger e-box binding homeobox1 (ZEB1) upregulation and EMT, all of which were prevented by α-klotho co-treatment. Inhibitor of miR-200a mimicked TGF-β2-induced morphological changes, which were recovered by ZEP1 silencing, but not by α-klotho, implying the upstream regulation of α-klotho on miR-200a-ZEP1-EMT axis. α-Klotho inhibited receptor binding of TGF-β2, Smad2/3 phosphorylation, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)-a mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation and oxidative stress via NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) upregulation. Furthermore, α-klotho recovered the TGF-β2-induced mitochondrial activation and superoxide generation. Interestingly, TGF-β2 upregulated α-klotho expression in the RPE cells, and genetic suppression of endogenous α-klotho aggravated TGF-β2-induced oxidative stress and EMT. Lastly, α-klotho abrogated senescence-associated signaling molecules and phenotypes induced by long-term incubation with TGF-β2. Hence, our findings indicate that the antiaging α-klotho plays a protective role against EMT and degeneration of the RPE, demonstrating the therapeutic potential for age-related retinal diseases, including the dry type of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Young Jang
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Bayraktar E, Bayraktar R, Oztatlici H, Lopez-Berestein G, Amero P, Rodriguez-Aguayo C. Targeting miRNAs and Other Non-Coding RNAs as a Therapeutic Approach: An Update. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:ncrna9020027. [PMID: 37104009 PMCID: PMC10145226 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs), the understanding of miRNA biology has expanded substantially. miRNAs are involved and described as master regulators of the major hallmarks of cancer, including cell differentiation, proliferation, survival, the cell cycle, invasion, and metastasis. Experimental data indicate that cancer phenotypes can be modified by targeting miRNA expression, and because miRNAs act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes (oncomiRs), they have emerged as attractive tools and, more importantly, as a new class of targets for drug development in cancer therapeutics. With the use of miRNA mimics or molecules targeting miRNAs (i.e., small-molecule inhibitors such as anti-miRS), these therapeutics have shown promise in preclinical settings. Some miRNA-targeted therapeutics have been extended to clinical development, such as the mimic of miRNA-34 for treating cancer. Here, we discuss insights into the role of miRNAs and other non-coding RNAs in tumorigenesis and resistance and summarize some recent successful systemic delivery approaches and recent developments in miRNAs as targets for anticancer drug development. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive overview of mimics and inhibitors that are in clinical trials and finally a list of clinical trials based on miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Bayraktar
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Recep Bayraktar
- UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hulya Oztatlici
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paola Amero
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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3
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Miao Y, Konno Y, Wang B, Zhu L, Zhai T, Ihira K, Kobayashi N, Watari H, Jin X, Yue J, Dong P, Fang M. Integrated multi-omics analyses and functional validation reveal TTK as a novel EMT activator for endometrial cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:151. [PMID: 36829176 PMCID: PMC9960418 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are often expressed in tumor and testicular tissues but not in other normal tissues. To date, there has been no comprehensive study of the expression and clinical significance of CTA genes associated with endometrial cancer (EC) development. Additionally, the clinical relevance, biological role, and molecular mechanisms of the CTA gene TTK protein kinase (TTK) in EC are yet to be fully understood. METHODS Using bioinformatics methods, we comprehensively investigated the genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic changes associated with aberrant TTK overexpression in EC samples from the TCGA database. We further investigated the mechanisms of the lower survival associated with TTK dysregulation using single-cell data of EC samples from the GEO database. Cell functional assays were used to confirm the biological roles of TTK in EC cells. RESULTS We identified 80 CTA genes that were more abundant in EC than in normal tissues, and high expression of TTK was significantly linked with lower survival in EC patients. Furthermore, ROC analysis revealed that TTK could accurately distinguish stage I EC tissues from benign endometrial samples, suggesting that TTK has the potential to be a biomarker for early EC detection. We found TTK overexpression was more prevalent in EC patients with high-grade, advanced tumors, serous carcinoma, and TP53 alterations. Furthermore, in EC tissue, TTK expression showed a strong positive correlation with EMT-related genes. With single-cell transcriptome data, we identified a proliferative cell subpopulation with high expression of TTK and known epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes and transcription factors. When proliferative cells were grouped according to TTK expression levels, the overexpressed genes in the TTKhigh group were shown to be functionally involved in the control of chemoresistance. Utilizing shRNA to repress TTK expression in EC cells resulted in substantial decreases in cell proliferation, invasion, EMT, and chemoresistance. Further research identified microRNA-21 (miR-21) as a key downstream regulator of TTK-induced EMT and chemoresistance. Finally, the TTK inhibitor AZ3146 was effective in reducing EC cell growth and invasion and enhancing the apoptosis of EC cells generated by paclitaxel. CONCLUSION Our findings establish the clinical significance of TTK as a new biomarker for EC and an as-yet-unknown carcinogenic function. This present study proposes that the therapeutic targeting of TTK might provide a viable approach for the treatment of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Miao
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China ,grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Yosuke Konno
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638 Japan
| | - Baojin Wang
- grid.412719.8Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Lin Zhu
- grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Tianyue Zhai
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638 Japan
| | - Kei Ihira
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638 Japan
| | - Noriko Kobayashi
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638 Japan
| | - Hidemichi Watari
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638 Japan
| | - Xin Jin
- grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Junming Yue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA. .,Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Peixin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Mingyan Fang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. .,BGI Research Asia-Pacific, BGI, Singapore, 138567, Singapore.
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Chen H, He Y, Wen X, Shao S, Liu Y, Wang J. SOX9: Advances in Gynecological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:768264. [PMID: 34881182 PMCID: PMC8645898 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.768264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors of the SOX family were first discovered in mammals in 1990. The sex-determining region Y box 9 belongs to the SOX transcription factor family. It plays an important role in inducing tissue and cell morphogenesis, survival, and many developmental processes. Furthermore, it has been shown to be an oncogene in many tumors. Gynecological malignancies are tumors that occur in the female reproductive system and seriously threaten the lives of patients. Common gynecological malignancies include ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and endometrial cancer. So far, the molecular mechanisms related to the incidence and development of gynecological malignancies remain unclear. This makes it particularly important to discover their common causative molecule and thus provide an effective therapeutic target. In recent years, studies have found that multiple mechanisms are involved in regulating the expression of the sex-determining region Y box 9, leading to the occurrence and development of gynecological malignancies. In this review, we discuss the prognostic value of SOX9 expression and the potential of targeting SOX9 for gynecological malignancy treatment. We also discuss progress regarding the role of SOX9 in gynecological malignancy pathogenesis through its mediation of important mechanisms, including tumor initiation and proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, chemoresistance, and stem cell maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhu Zhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yujie He
- Designated Ward, Zhu Zhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Xiangping Wen
- Department of Operation, Zhu Zhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Shihong Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhu Zhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhu Zhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
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5
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TBX2 Drives Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer through Exosome-Mediated Repression of miR-200c-3p. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13195020. [PMID: 34638504 PMCID: PMC8507954 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13195020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary An estimated ~25–30% of patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) develop the aggressive and lethal form of the disease known as treatment-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer (t-NEPC). Owing to lack of treatment options, the identification of the underlying molecular mechanisms that propagate the t-NEPC phenotype is critical towards developing novel therapeutic strategies against advanced PCa. Further, the roles of extracellular vesicles (exosomes) and microRNAs—an increasingly recognized and key mode of propagation of the NEPC phenotype—remain elusive. Our studies reveal that TBX2 promotes SOX2- and N-MYC- driven t-NEPC through regulation of the intermediary factor—miR-200c-3p; and that TBX2/miR-200c-3p/SOX2/MYCN signaling can promote t-NEPC via both intracellular and exosome-mediated intercellular mechanisms. Abstract Deciphering the mechanisms that drive transdifferentiation to neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is crucial to identifying novel therapeutic strategies against this lethal and aggressive subtype of advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Further, the role played by exosomal microRNAs (miRs) in mediating signaling mechanisms that propagate the NEPC phenotype remains largely elusive. The unbiased differential miR expression profiling of human PCa cells genetically modulated for TBX2 expression led to the identification of miR-200c-3p. Our findings have unraveled the TBX2/miR-200c-3p/SOX2/N-MYC signaling axis in NEPC transdifferentiation. Mechanistically, we found that: (1) TBX2 binds to the promoter and represses the expression of miR-200c-3p, a miR reported to be lost in castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and (2) the repression of miR-200c-3p results in the increased expression of its targets SOX2 and N-MYC. In addition, the rescue of mir-200c-3p in the context of TBX2 blockade revealed that miR-200c-3p is the critical intermediary effector in TBX2 regulation of SOX2 and N-MYC. Further, our studies show that in addition to the intracellular mode, TBX2/miR-200c-3p/SOX2/N-MYC signaling can promote NEPC transdifferentiation via exosome-mediated intercellular mechanism, an increasingly recognized and key mode of propagation of the NEPC phenotype.
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Di Fiore R, Suleiman S, Pentimalli F, O’Toole SA, O’Leary JJ, Ward MP, Conlon NT, Sabol M, Ozretić P, Erson-Bensan AE, Reed N, Giordano A, Herrington CS, Calleja-Agius J. Could MicroRNAs Be Useful Tools to Improve the Diagnosis and Treatment of Rare Gynecological Cancers? A Brief Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083822. [PMID: 33917022 PMCID: PMC8067678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynecological cancers pose an important public health issue, with a high incidence among women of all ages. Gynecological cancers such as malignant germ-cell tumors, sex-cord-stromal tumors, uterine sarcomas and carcinosarcomas, gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, vulvar carcinoma and melanoma of the female genital tract, are defined as rare with an annual incidence of <6 per 100,000 women. Rare gynecological cancers (RGCs) are associated with poor prognosis, and given the low incidence of each entity, there is the risk of delayed diagnosis due to clinical inexperience and limited therapeutic options. There has been a growing interest in the field of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs of ∼22 nucleotides in length, because of their potential to regulate diverse biological processes. miRNAs usually induce mRNA degradation and translational repression by interacting with the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of target mRNAs, as well as other regions and gene promoters, as well as activating translation or regulating transcription under certain conditions. Recent research has revealed the enormous promise of miRNAs for improving the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of all major gynecological cancers. However, to date, only a few studies have been performed on RGCs. In this review, we summarize the data currently available regarding RGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Fiore
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
- Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Correspondence: (R.D.F.); (J.C.-A.); Tel.: +356-2340-3871 (R.D.F.); +356-2340-1892 (J.C.-A.)
| | - Sherif Suleiman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
| | - Francesca Pentimalli
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, I-80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Sharon A. O’Toole
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Histopathology, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - John J. O’Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 8 Dublin, Ireland; (J.J.O.); (M.P.W.)
| | - Mark P. Ward
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 8 Dublin, Ireland; (J.J.O.); (M.P.W.)
| | - Neil T. Conlon
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, 9 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Maja Sabol
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (P.O.)
| | - Petar Ozretić
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (P.O.)
| | - Ayse Elif Erson-Bensan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06810, Turkey;
| | - Nicholas Reed
- Beatson Oncology Centre, Gartnavel General Hospital, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK;
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - C. Simon Herrington
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK;
| | - Jean Calleja-Agius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
- Correspondence: (R.D.F.); (J.C.-A.); Tel.: +356-2340-3871 (R.D.F.); +356-2340-1892 (J.C.-A.)
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7
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Arrighetti N, Beretta GL. miRNAs as Therapeutic Tools and Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030380. [PMID: 33805590 PMCID: PMC7999286 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the fifth cause of tumor-related deaths in man worldwide. Despite the considerable improvement in the clinical management of PCa, several limitations emerged both in the screening for early diagnosis and in the medical treatment. The use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening resulted in patients’ overtreatment and the standard therapy of patients suffering from locally advanced/metastatic tumors (e.g., radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, and androgen deprivation therapy) showed time-limited efficacy with patients undergoing progression toward the lethal metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC). Although valuable alternative therapeutic options have been recently proposed (e.g., docetaxel, cabazitaxel, abiraterone, enzalutamide, and sipuleucel-T), mCRPC remains incurable. Based on this background, there is an urgent need to identify new and more accurate prostate-specific biomarkers for PCa diagnosis and prognosis and to develop innovative medical approaches to counteract mCRPC. In this context, microRNA (miRNAs) emerged as potential biomarkers in prostate tissues and biological fluids and appeared to be promising therapeutic targets/tools for cancer therapy. Here we overview the recent literature and summarize the achievements of using miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets/tools for fighting PCa.
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Post-Stroke Social Isolation Reduces Cell Proliferation in the Dentate Gyrus and Alters miRNA Profiles in the Aged Female Mice Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010099. [PMID: 33374156 PMCID: PMC7795886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Social isolation and loneliness are risk factors for stroke. Elderly women are more likely to be isolated. Census data shows that in homeowners over the age of 65, women are much more likely to live alone. However, the underlying mechanisms of the detrimental effects of isolation have not been well studied in older females. In this study, we hypothesized that isolation impairs post-stroke recovery in aged female mice, leading to dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in the brain, including those previously shown to be involved in response to social isolation (SI). Aged C57BL/6 female mice were subjected to a 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion and were randomly assigned to either single housing (SI) or continued pair housing (PH) immediately after stroke for 15 days. SI immediately after stroke led to significantly more brain tissue loss after stroke and higher mortality. Furthermore, SI significantly delayed motor and sensory recovery and worsened cognitive function, compared to PH. A decrease in cell proliferation was seen in the dentate gyrus of SI mice assessed by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling. miRNAome data analysis revealed changes in several miRNAs in the brain, such as miR-297a-3p and miR-200c-3p, which are known to regulate pathways involved in cell proliferation. In conclusion, our data suggest that SI can lead to a poor post-stroke recovery in aged females and dysregulation of miRNAs and reduced hippocampal cell proliferation.
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9
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Jin W, Fei X, Wang X, Song Y, Chen F. Detection and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer Using Blood-Based Biomarkers. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8730608. [PMID: 32454797 PMCID: PMC7218965 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8730608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is second only to lung cancer as a cause of death. Clinical assessment of patients and treatment efficiency therefore depend on the disease being diagnosed as early as possible. However, due to issues regarding the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for screening purposes, PCa management is among the most contentious of healthcare matters. PSA screening is problematic primarily because of diagnosis difficulties and the high rate of false-positive biopsies. Novel PCa biomarkers, such as the Prostate Health Index (PHI) and the 4Kscore, have been proposed in recent times to improve PSA prediction accuracy and have shown higher performance by preventing redundant biopsies. The 4Kscore also shows high precision in determining the risk of developing high-grade PCa, whereas elevated PHI levels suggest that the tumor is aggressive. Some evidence also supports the effectiveness of miRNAs as biomarkers for distinguishing PCa from benign prostatic hyperplasia and for assessing the aggressiveness of the disease. A number of miRNAs that possibly act as tumor inhibitors or oncogenes are impaired in PCa. These new biomarkers are comprehensively reviewed in the present study in terms of their potential use in diagnosing and treating PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jin
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiang Fei
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fangjie Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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10
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Yang R, Xu J, Hua X, Tian Z, Xie Q, Li J, Jiang G, Cohen M, Sun H, Huang C. Overexpressed miR-200a promotes bladder cancer invasion through direct regulating Dicer/miR-16/JNK2/MMP-2 axis. Oncogene 2019; 39:1983-1996. [PMID: 31772330 PMCID: PMC7044116 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Invasive bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most lethal malignant urological tumors. Although miR-200a has been reported as an onco-miRNA that targets the PTEN gene in endometrioid carcinoma, its biological significance in BC invasion has been poorly explored. In the current study, we found that miR-200a was markedly overexpressed in both human BC tissues and BBN-induced muscle-invasive BC tissues. We further showed that miR-200a overexpression specifically promoted human BC cell invasion, but not migration, via transcriptional upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2. Mechanistic studies indicated that the increased phosphorylation of c-Jun mediated the increasing levels of MMP-2 mRNA transcription. Further investigation revealed that Dicer was decreased in miR-200a overexpressed BC cells; this resulted in inhibition of miR-16 maturation and consequently led to increased JNK2 protein translation and c-Jun activation. Taken together, the studies here showed that miR-200a overexpression inhibited Dicer expression, in turn, resulted in inhibition of miR-16 maturation, leading to upregulation of JNK2 expression, c-Jun phosphorylation, MMP-2 transcription and, ultimately, BC invasion. Collectively, these results demonstrate that miR-200a is an onco-miRNA that is a positive regulator for BC invasion. This finding could be very useful in the ongoing development of new strategies to treat invasive BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Jiheng Xu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Xiaohui Hua
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Zhongxian Tian
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Qipeng Xie
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Jingxia Li
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Guosong Jiang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Mitchell Cohen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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11
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Gunaratne PH, Pan Y, Rao AK, Lin C, Hernandez‐Herrera A, Liang K, Rait AS, Venkatanarayan A, Benham AL, Rubab F, Kim SS, Rajapakshe K, Chan CK, Mangala LS, Lopez‐Berestein G, Sood AK, Rowat AC, Coarfa C, Pirollo KF, Flores ER, Chang EH. Activating p53 family member TAp63: A novel therapeutic strategy for targeting p53-altered tumors. Cancer 2019; 125:2409-2422. [PMID: 31012964 PMCID: PMC6617807 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 96% of high-grade ovarian carcinomas and 50% of all cancers are characterized by alterations in the p53 gene. Therapeutic strategies to restore and/or reactivate the p53 pathway have been challenging. By contrast, p63, which shares many of the downstream targets and functions of p53, is rarely mutated in cancer. METHODS A novel strategy is presented for circumventing alterations in p53 by inducing the tumor-suppressor isoform TAp63 (transactivation domain of tumor protein p63) through its direct downstream target, microRNA-130b (miR-130b), which is epigenetically silenced and/or downregulated in chemoresistant ovarian cancer. RESULTS Treatment with miR-130b resulted in: 1) decreased migration/invasion in HEYA8 cells (p53 wild-type) and disruption of multicellular spheroids in OVCAR8 cells (p53-mutant) in vitro, 2) sensitization of HEYA8 and OVCAR8 cells to cisplatin (CDDP) in vitro and in vivo, and 3) transcriptional activation of TAp63 and the B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-inhibitor B-cell lymphoma 2-like protein 11 (BIM). Overexpression of TAp63 was sufficient to decrease cell viability, suggesting that it is a critical downstream effector of miR-130b. In vivo, combined miR-130b plus CDDP exhibited greater therapeutic efficacy than miR-130b or CDDP alone. Mice that carried OVCAR8 xenograft tumors and were injected with miR-130b in 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) liposomes had a significant decrease in tumor burden at rates similar to those observed in CDDP-treated mice, and 20% of DOPC-miR-130b plus CDDP-treated mice were living tumor free. Systemic injections of scL-miR-130b plus CDDP in a clinically tested, tumor-targeted nanocomplex (scL) improved survival in 60% and complete remissions in 40% of mice that carried HEYA8 xenografts. CONCLUSIONS The miR-130b/TAp63 axis is proposed as a new druggable pathway that has the potential to uncover broad-spectrum therapeutic options for the majority of p53-altered cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi H. Gunaratne
- Department of Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexas
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
- Human Genome Sequencing CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Yinghong Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexas
- UPMC Genome CenterPittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Abhi K. Rao
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
| | - Chunru Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Division of Basic ScienceThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | | | - Ke Liang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Division of Basic ScienceThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | - Antonina S. Rait
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
| | - Avinashnarayan Venkatanarayan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Division of Basic ScienceThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
- Genentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Ashley L. Benham
- Department of Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexas
- 10X Genomics Inc.PleasantonCalifornia
| | | | - Sang Soo Kim
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
- SynerGene Therapeutics, Inc.PotomacMaryland
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Clara K. Chan
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Lingegowda S. Mangala
- Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
- Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNAsThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | - Gabriel Lopez‐Berestein
- Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNAsThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
- Department of Experimental TherapeuticsThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | - Anil K. Sood
- Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
- Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNAsThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | - Amy C. Rowat
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Kathleen F. Pirollo
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
| | - Elsa R. Flores
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Division of Basic ScienceThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
- Department of Molecular OncologyCancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFlorida
| | - Esther H. Chang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
- SynerGene Therapeutics, Inc.PotomacMaryland
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12
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Yu C, Wan H, Shan R, Wen W, Li J, Luo D, Wan R. The Prognostic Value of the MiR-200 Family in Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-analysis with 1882 Patients. J Cancer 2019; 10:4009-4016. [PMID: 31417645 PMCID: PMC6692621 DOI: 10.7150/jca.27529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs containing 18-22 nucleotides which play a role in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of their target genes. The MiR-200 family comprises miR-141, miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c and miR-429. Increasing evidence indicates that miR-200 microRNAs play a role in cancer metastasis. For example, miR-200 microRNAs were reported to influence the prognosis in colorectal cancer patients by regulating the expression of genes related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition6. Previous studies have shown that the high expression of miR-200 microRNAs has an impact on the overall survival and Relapse-free Survival of CRC patients. However, the study results were inconsistent. Results: Data from a total of 1882 patients from 9 studies was included in the meta-analysis. Poorer Relapse-free Survival (RFS) was observed in patients with high expression levels of miR-200 microRNAs (HR=1.13, 95% CI 1.04-1.23). Additionally, subgroup analysis of sample types revealed a significant association between higher expression of the miR-200 family in the plasma and poorer OS (HR=1.23, 95% CI 1.08-1.41) and RFS (HR=2.39, 95% CI 1.20-4.77), which indicates that the miR-200 family can be used as an easily detectable biomarker for evaluation of the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. Conclusions: High expression levels of miR-200 microRNAs were associated with poor clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer patients. The miR-200 family can therefore potentially serve as a prognostic biomarker. Further studies should be performed to verify the clinical utility of the miR-200 family in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengpeng Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haiting Wan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Renfeng Shan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wu Wen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Daya Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Renhua Wan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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13
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Fukuda K, Takeuchi S, Arai S, Katayama R, Nanjo S, Tanimoto A, Nishiyama A, Nakagawa T, Taniguchi H, Suzuki T, Yamada T, Nishihara H, Ninomiya H, Ishikawa Y, Baba S, Takeuchi K, Horiike A, Yanagitani N, Nishio M, Yano S. Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Is a Mechanism of ALK Inhibitor Resistance in Lung Cancer Independent of ALK Mutation Status. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1658-1670. [PMID: 30737231 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the ALK gene are detectable in approximately 40% of ALK-rearranged lung cancers resistant to ALK inhibitors. Although epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a mechanism of resistance to various targeted drugs, its involvement in ALK inhibitor resistance is largely unknown. In this study, we report that both ALK-mutant L1196M and EMT were concomitantly detected in a single crizotinib-resistant lesion in a patient with ALK-rearranged lung cancer. Digital PCR analyses combined with microdissection after IHC staining for EMT markers revealed that ALK L1196M was predominantly detected in epithelial-type tumor cells, indicating that mesenchymal phenotype and ALK mutation can coexist as independent mechanisms underlying ALK inhibitor-resistant cancers. Preclinical experiments with crizotinib-resistant lung cancer cells showed that EMT associated with decreased expression of miR-200c and increased expression of ZEB1 caused cross-resistance to new-generation ALK inhibitors alectinib, ceritinib, and lorlatinib. Pretreatment with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor quisinostat overcame this resistance by reverting EMT in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate that HDAC inhibitor pretreatment followed by a new ALK inhibitor may be useful to circumvent resistance constituted by coexistence of resistance mutations and EMT in the heterogeneous tumor. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings show that dual inhibition of HDAC and ALK receptor tyrosine kinase activities provides a means to circumvent crizotinib resistance in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Fukuda
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Takeuchi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Sachiko Arai
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ryohei Katayama
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nanjo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Azusa Tanimoto
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nishiyama
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Division of Functional Genomics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Yamada
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Ninomiya
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ishikawa
- Pathology Project for Molecular Targets and Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Baba
- Pathology Project for Molecular Targets and Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Takeuchi
- Pathology Project for Molecular Targets and Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Horiike
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Yanagitani
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishio
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Yano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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14
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Yin C, Zhang G, Sun R, Pan X, Wang X, Li H, Sun Y. miR‑185‑5p inhibits F‑actin polymerization and reverses epithelial mesenchymal transition of human breast cancer cells by modulating RAGE. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2621-2630. [PMID: 30015912 PMCID: PMC6102692 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor (RAGE) was observed to bind to S100A8/A9 and cause epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). The results from target gene prediction revealed that microRNA (miR)-185-5p had a RAGE binding site. However, the function of miR-185-5p in the invasion and migration of breast cancer remains ambiguous. In the present study, the expression of miR-185-5p was examined in breast cancer tissues and cells. Clinical features revealed a negative correlation between miR-185-5p and tumor size, as well as in tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. In addition, miR-185-5p was negatively associated with RAGE, and this miRNA reversed the EMT of breast cancer by modulating RAGE in vitro. In addition, miR-185-5p inhibited the S100A8/A9-induced EMT of breast cancer cells by the nuclear factor-κB/Snail signaling pathway. Notably, miR-185-5p upregulation inhibited the F-actin polymerization induced by S100A8/A9 in breast cancer. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-185-5p and reduction of RAGE inhibited lung metastasis node in vivo. Thus, miR-185-5p represents a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer by modulating RAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonggao Yin
- College of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Medicine Research Center, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Ruimei Sun
- Medicine Research Center, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Xinting Pan
- ICU, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Medicine Research Center, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Hongli Li
- Medicine Research Center, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yunbo Sun
- ICU, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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15
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Functional Role of Non-Coding RNAs during Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition. Noncoding RNA 2018; 4:ncrna4020014. [PMID: 29843425 PMCID: PMC6027143 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna4020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key biological process involved in a multitude of developmental and pathological events. It is characterized by the progressive loss of cell-to-cell contacts and actin cytoskeletal rearrangements, leading to filopodia formation and the progressive up-regulation of a mesenchymal gene expression pattern enabling cell migration. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is already observed in early embryonic stages such as gastrulation, when the epiblast undergoes an EMT process and therefore leads to the formation of the third embryonic layer, the mesoderm. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is pivotal in multiple embryonic processes, such as for example during cardiovascular system development, as valve primordia are formed and the cardiac jelly is progressively invaded by endocardium-derived mesenchyme or as the external cardiac cell layer is established, i.e., the epicardium and cells detached migrate into the embryonic myocardial to form the cardiac fibrous skeleton and the coronary vasculature. Strikingly, the most important biological event in which EMT is pivotal is cancer development and metastasis. Over the last years, understanding of the transcriptional regulatory networks involved in EMT has greatly advanced. Several transcriptional factors such as Snail, Slug, Twist, Zeb1 and Zeb2 have been reported to play fundamental roles in EMT, leading in most cases to transcriptional repression of cell⁻cell interacting proteins such as ZO-1 and cadherins and activation of cytoskeletal markers such as vimentin. In recent years, a fundamental role for non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs and more recently long non-coding RNAs, has been identified in normal tissue development and homeostasis as well as in several oncogenic processes. In this study, we will provide a state-of-the-art review of the functional roles of non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs, in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in both developmental and pathological EMT.
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16
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Nie X, Tian H. Correlation between miR-222 and uterine cancer and its prognostic value. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1722-1726. [PMID: 30008859 PMCID: PMC6036468 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Relationship between the expression of miR-222 and uterine cancer was investigated to explore its prognostic value. A total of 66 patients with uterine cancer diagnosed by pathological examination in Dongying People's Hospital were enrolled from March 2014 to October 2016. Uterine cancer and adjacent tissues were collected, and the expression of miR-222 in the tissues was detected by stem-loop RT-PCR. The relationship between miR-222 expression and various clinicopathological features of uterine cancer was analyzed. All the patients were followed up to record the survival conditions. The results revealed that stem-loop RT-PCR method could specifically amplify miR-222. The expression of miR-222 in uterine cancer tissues was significantly upregulated compared with that in adjacent tissues (p<0.05). The expression level of miR-222 was significantly increased with the increase of degree of tumor differentiation (p<0.05). The expression of miR-222 in uterine cancer tissue was not significantly correlated with patients age, tumor size, gross tumor type, pathological type and FIGO stage (p>0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between the expression of miR-222 and the survival of patients with uterine cancer. In conclusion, the expression of miR-222 in uterine cancer tissues was significantly upregulated in uterine cancer and negatively correlated with prognosis. miR-222 may play a pivotal role in the development and progression of uterine cancer. It is expected that miR-222 will be an indicator and target for the treatment and prognosis of uterine cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Nie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong 257091, P.R. China
| | - Haili Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong 257091, P.R. China
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17
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Wen J, Zhao Z, Huang L, Li L, Li J, Zeng Y, Wu J, Miao Y. Switch of the ovarian cancer cell to a calcifying phenotype in the calcification of ovarian cancer. J Cancer 2018; 9:1006-1016. [PMID: 29581780 PMCID: PMC5868168 DOI: 10.7150/jca.22932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main aim of this study was to study swith of the ovarian cancer cell to a calcifying phenotype in the formation of calcification in ovarian cancer, and to offer some help for ovarian cancer's diagnosis and differentiation therapy. METHODS The mineralization of ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 was induced via calcification medium for 21 d in vitro. Alizarin red staining, von kossa staining, calcein fluorescence staining and ALP activity detection were used to identify mineralization in calcification model of ovarian cancer. Also, the changes of ultrastructure and the mineralization biomarkers after the induction of calcification medium were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and western blot, respectively. The SKOV3 cells migration behavior after the induction of calcification medium was evaluated by using transwell assay and scratch wound. Finally, mineralization biomarkers were verified in 40 cases of calcified ovarian cancer specimens and matched 40 non-calcified ovarian cancer tissues. RESULTS Classical calcium salt detection methods confirmed that the culture of SKOV3 cells in calcification medium was an appropriate ovarian cancer calcification model in vitro. Transmission electron microscopy and western blot revealed respectively the presence of cells with morphological characteristics of osteoblasts and the upregulation of mineralization biomarkers expression in treatment group. Transwell assay and scratch wound showed the decreased SKOV3 cell migration in treatment group. In specimens, the calcification occurred predominantly in well-differentiated carcinomas and the expression of the BMP2 and OPN elevated in calcified group. CONCLUSION Our study showed that the switch of the ovarian cancer cell to a calcifying phenotype in the formation of calcification in ovarian cancer. The calcified phenotypic transformation may inform the new prospective in ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirui Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liwei Huang
- West China School of Stomatology Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiman Li
- Pathology Department, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Zeng
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yali Miao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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18
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Giovannini C, Fornari F, Dallo R, Gagliardi M, Nipoti E, Vasuri F, Coadă CA, Ravaioli M, Bolondi L, Gramantieri L. MiR-199-3p replacement affects E-cadherin expression through Notch1 targeting in hepatocellular carcinoma. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:95-102. [PMID: 29249451 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the second cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and is associated with poor prognosis, due to a high recurrence rate after curative treatments and a drug resistance phenotype. In this scenario, the identification of innovative and effective therapeutic strategies is an unmet clinical need. The safety and efficacy of microRNA (miRNA) mediated approaches in preclinical models and clinical trials have been widely described in cancer. MicroRNA-199a downregulation is a common feature of HCC where its reduced expression contributes to mTOR and c-Met pathways activation. Notch1 activation is also a common event in HCC, influencing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, tumor invasion and recurrence at least in part through E-cadherin regulation. Here we identified a negative correlation between miR-199a-3p and Notch1 or E-cadherin protein levels in HCC patients and demonstrated that miR-199a-3p regulates E-cadherin expression through Notch1 direct targeting in in vitro models. Moreover, we showed that a strong correlation exists between miR-199a-5p and miR-199a-3p in HCC specimens and that miR-199a-5p contributes to E-cadherin regulation as well, underlying the complex network of interaction carried out by miR-199a and its influence on tumor aggressiveness. In conclusion, our findings suggest the restoration of miR-199a-3p physiologic levels as a possible therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HCC.
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19
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Chui MH, Have C, Hoang LN, Shaw P, Lee CH, Clarke BA. Genomic profiling identifies GPC5 amplification in association with sarcomatous transformation in a subset of uterine carcinosarcomas. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2018; 4:69-78. [PMID: 29416878 PMCID: PMC5783974 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Uterine carcinosarcoma, also known as Malignant Mixed Müllerian Tumour, is a high‐grade biphasic neoplasm composed of sarcomatous elements thought to originate via transdifferentiation from high‐grade endometrial carcinoma. To identify molecular factors contributing to the histogenesis of this tumour, we analyzed DNA extracted from matched carcinoma and sarcoma components from 12 cases of carcinosarcoma by a molecular inversion probe microarray to assess genomic copy number alterations (CNAs) and allelic imbalances. Widespread CNAs were identified in tumours with serous histology in the carcinoma component (9/12), while the remaining three cases with endometrioid carcinoma were near‐diploid. Quantification of the extent of genomic aberrations revealed a significant increase in sarcoma relative to carcinoma in tumours with well‐delineated histologic components. Focal amplification of 13q31.3 was identified in 6/12 profiled tumours, of which four harboured the aberration exclusively in the sarcoma component. This result was verified by fluorescence in situ hybridization against GPC5, the only gene situated within the minimal region of amplification. In a validation cohort composed of 97 carcinosarcomas and other uterine sarcomas, amplification of GPC5 (GPC5/CEP13 ratio ≥ 2.2) was identified in 11/97 (11.3%) cases (9/64 carcinosarcoma, 1/3 rhabdomyosarcoma, 1/21 leiomyosarcoma, 0/8 adenosarcoma, 0/1 undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma) and an additional 4 (2.8%) cases had low level gains (GPC5/CEP13 ratio ≥1.5 but <2.2). The functional relevance of Glypican‐5, the gene product of GPC5, in regulating differentiation and lineage commitment was demonstrated in an endometrial carcinoma cell line in vitro. In conclusion, we identified GPC5 amplification as a molecular event mediating epithelial‐mesenchymal transdifferentiation in a subset of uterine carcinosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Herman Chui
- Department of PathologyUniversity Health Network, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Cherry Have
- Department of PathologyUniversity Health Network, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Lien N Hoang
- Department of Pathology, BC Cancer AgencyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Patricia Shaw
- Department of PathologyUniversity Health Network, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Cheng-Han Lee
- Department of Pathology, BC Cancer AgencyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Blaise A Clarke
- Department of PathologyUniversity Health Network, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
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20
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Kanwal R, Plaga AR, Liu X, Shukla GC, Gupta S. MicroRNAs in prostate cancer: Functional role as biomarkers. Cancer Lett 2017; 407:9-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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