1
|
Li M, Luo L, Xiong Y, Wang F, Xia Y, Zhang Z, Ke J. Resveratrol Inhibits Restenosis through Suppressing Proliferation, Migration and Trans-differentiation of Vascular Adventitia Fibroblasts via Activating SIRT1. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:242-256. [PMID: 37151061 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230505161041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM After the balloon angioplasty, vascular adventitia fibroblasts (VAFs), which proliferate, trans-differentiate to myofibroblasts and migrate to neointima, are crucial in restenosis. Resveratrol (RSV) has been reported to protect the cardiovascular by reducing restenosis and the mechanism remains unclear. METHODS This study was dedicated to investigate the effect of RSV on VAFs in injured arteries and explore the potential mechanism. In this work, carotid artery balloon angioplasty was performed on male SD rats to ensure the injury of intima and VAFs were isolated to explore the effects in vitro. The functional and morphological results showed the peripheral delivery of RSV decreased restenosis of the injured arteries and suppressed the expression of proliferation, migration and transformation related genes. Moreover, after being treated with RSV, the proliferation, migration and trans-differentiation of VAFs were significantly suppressed and exogenous TGF-β1 can reverse this effect. RESULT Mechanistically, RSV administration activated SIRT1 and decreased the translation and expression of TGF-β1, SMAD3 and NOX4, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreased significantly after VAFs treated with RSV. CONCLUSION Above results indicated RSV inhibited restenosis after balloon angioplasty through suppressing proliferation, migration and trans-differentiation of VAFs via regulating SIRT1- TGF-β1-SMAD3-NOX4 to decrease ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Lan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528010, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Fuyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Zongze Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jianjuan Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu Y, Deng X, Wu Z, Liu D, Fu X, Tang L, He S, Lv J, Wang J, Li Q, Zhan T, Tang Z. Multilayer omics reveals the molecular mechanism of early infection of Clonorchis sinensis juvenile. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:285. [PMID: 37587524 PMCID: PMC10428567 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05891-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clonorchiasis remains a non-negligible global zoonosis, causing serious socioeconomic burdens in endemic areas. Clonorchis sinensis infection typically elicits Th1/Th2 mixed immune responses during the course of biliary injury and periductal fibrosis. However, the molecular mechanism by which C. sinensis juvenile initially infects the host remains poorly understood. METHODS The BALB/c mouse model was established to study early infection (within 7 days) with C. sinensis juveniles. Liver pathology staining and observation as well as determination of biochemical enzymes, blood routine and cytokines in blood were conducted. Furthermore, analysis of liver transcriptome, proteome and metabolome changes was performed using multi-omics techniques. Statistical analyses were performed using Student's t-test. RESULTS Histopathological analysis revealed that liver injury, characterized by collagen deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration, occurred as early as 24 h of infection. Blood indicators including ALT, AST, WBC, CRP and IL-6 indicated that both liver injury and systemic inflammation worsened as the infection progressed. Proteomic data showed that apoptosis and junction-related pathways were enriched within 3 days of infection, indicating the occurrence of liver injury. Furthermore, proteomic and transcriptomic analysis jointly verified that the detoxification and antioxidant defense system was activated by enrichment of glutathione metabolism and cytochrome P450-related pathways in response to acute liver injury. Proteomic-based GO analysis demonstrated that biological processes such as cell deformation, proliferation, migration and wound healing occurred in the liver during the early infection. Correspondingly, transcriptomic results showed significant enrichment of cell cycle pathway on day 3 and 7. In addition, the KEGG analysis of multi-omics data demonstrated that numerous pathways related to immunity, inflammation, tumorigenesis and metabolism were enriched in the liver. Besides, metabolomic screening identified several metabolites that could promote inflammation and hepatobiliary periductal fibrosis, such as CA7S. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that acute inflammatory injury was rapidly triggered by initial infection by C. sinensis juveniles in the host, accompanied by the enrichment of detoxification, inflammation, fibrosis, tumor and metabolism-related pathways in the liver, which provides a new perspective for the early intervention and therapy of clonorchiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xueling Deng
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zhanshuai Wu
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases With Integrative Medicine, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Dengyu Liu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiaoyin Fu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Lili Tang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Shanshan He
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jiahui Lv
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jilong Wang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Tingzheng Zhan
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Zeli Tang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Wang X, Zhang N, Yu Y, Bao P, Ma Y, Zhang H, Zhang X, Zhang X, Gong P, Li X, Li J. Extracellular vesicles of Clonorchis sinensis promote IL-6 and TNF-α secretion via the Toll-like receptor 9-mediated ERK pathway in biliary epithelial cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:104555. [PMID: 36183840 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis is closely associated with cholangitis, cholecystitis, biliary fibrosis and cholangiocarcinoma. The present study elucidated the role of extracellular vesicles of C. sinensis (CsEVs) in activating Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and regulating inflammatory responses. The results showed that TLR9 expression was increased in the livers of C. sinensis-infected mice. CsEVs were cup-shaped or saucer-shaped and 80-120 nm in diameter. CsEVs activated TLR9 and promoted IL-6 and TNF-α expression in mouse biliary epithelial cells (BECs), and TLR9 siRNA interference reduced the secretion of the two cytokines. CsEV stimulation promoted the phosphorylation of ERK, p38, AKT, and p65, and TLR9 siRNA interference regulated the phosphorylated ERK, AKT and p65 levels. The ERK inhibitor decreased the CsEVs-induced IL-6 and TNF-α secretion. The present study elucidated for the first time that CsEVs induced IL-6 and TNF-α production in BECs via the TLR9-mediated ERK pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Xiaocen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Yanhui Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Penglin Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Yeting Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Haoyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Xichen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Pengtao Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Jianhua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang J, Zao X, Zhang J, Guo Z, Jin Q, Chen G, Gan D, Du H, Ye Y. Is it possible to intervene early cirrhosis by targeting toll-like receptors to rebalance the intestinal microbiome? Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109627. [PMID: 36577151 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver disease caused by one or more causes and characterized by diffuse fibrosis, pseudolobules, and regenerated nodules. Once progression to hepatic decompensation, the function of the liver and other organs is impaired and almost impossible to reverse and recover, which often results in hospitalization, impaired quality of life, and high mortality. However, in the early stage of cirrhosis, there seems to be a possibility of cirrhosis reversal. The development of cirrhosis is related to the intestinal microbiota and activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) pathways, which could regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, expression of the hepatomitogen epiregulin, and liver inflammation. Targeting regulation of intestinal microbiota and TLRs pathways could affect the occurrence and development of cirrhosis and its complications. In this paper, we first reviewed the dynamic change of intestinal microbiota and TLRs during cirrhosis progression. And further discussed the interaction between them and potential therapeutic targets to reverse early staged cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Institute of Liver Diseases, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobin Zao
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Institute of Liver Diseases, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwei Guo
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Jin
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Institute of Liver Diseases, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Da'nan Gan
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Institute of Liver Diseases, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Du
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Institute of Liver Diseases, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yong'an Ye
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Institute of Liver Diseases, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Zhang X, Wang X, Zhang N, Yu Y, Gong P, Zhang X, Ma Y, Li X, Li J. Clonorchis sinensis aggravates biliary fibrosis through promoting IL-6 production via toll-like receptor 2-mediated AKT and p38 signal pathways. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011062. [PMID: 36693049 PMCID: PMC9873171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis is an important food-borne zoonotic parasite which has been linked to biliary fibrosis and cholangiocarcinoma. However, the details of the pathogenesis of C. sinensis were unclear. To explore the role and regulatory mechanism of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in C. sinensis-induced biliary fibrosis, we established the C. sinensis-infected C57BL/6 mouse model with TLR2-/- and wild type (WT) mice. The mortality rate, liver lesions, TLR2 and TGF-β1 expression, phosphorylation of Smad2/3, AKT, p38, ERK and p65, and cytokine productions were analyzed. Furthermore, similar parameters were examined in mouse biliary epithelial cells (BECs) co-cultured with C. sinensis excretory/secretory proteins (ESPs). The results showed that TLR2 expression was enhanced significantly in C. sinensis-infected WT mice and mouse BECs. C. sinensis-infected TLR2-/- mice exhibited an increased weight and a decreased mortality rate; significantly alleviated liver lesions and biliary fibrosis, reduced numbers of myofibroblasts; decreased expression of TGF-β1 and phosphorylation level of AKT, p38 and Smad2/3; significantly decreased production of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-4, while increased production of IFN-γ compared with C. sinensis-infected WT mice. Furthermore, C. sinensis ESPs could activate TLR2-mediated AKT and p38 pathways to increase the production of IL-6 in mouse BECs. In conclusion, these data indicate that C. sinensis infection activated TGF-β1-Smad2/3 through TLR2-mediated AKT and p38 pathways to promote IL-6 production, which resulted in myofibroblast activation and aggravating biliary fibrosis in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaocen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pengtao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xichen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yeting Ma
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (XL)
| | - Jianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (XL)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Clonorchis sinensis infection contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma progression in rat. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:3403-3415. [PMID: 36266591 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) infection is a risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma. Whether it also contributes to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unclear. This study explored the potential relationship between C. sinensis infection and HCC. A total of 110 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four treatment groups, the negative control group (NC) received intragastric (i.g.) administration of saline, while the clonorchiasis group (CS) received i.g. administration of 150 C. sinensis metacercariae. The diethylnitrosamine-induced group (DEN) received intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of DEN. The clonorchiasis DEN-induced group (CSDEN) received i.g. administration of 150 C. sinensis metacercariae followed by i.p. administration of DEN. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, and Masson's trichrome staining were performed for histopathological analysis of the isolated tissues. RNA-seq technology and RT-PCR were employed for gene expression. In the DEN group, 15 rats survived, of which 9 developed liver cirrhosis and 7 developed HCC. In the CSDEN group, all of the 17 surviving rats developed cirrhosis, and 15 showed development of HCC. The incidence of liver cirrhosis and HCC was significantly higher in the CSDEN group than in the DEN group. KEGG pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes suggested significant upregulation in inflammation-associated pathways. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR results showed significant upregulation of hepatic progenitor cell markers (CK19, SOX9, EpCAM) in the CS group compared to the NC group, as well as in the CSDEN group compared to the DEN group. Our study suggests that C. sinensis infection increases risk of HCC in a rat model by stimulating proliferation of hepatic progenitor cells.
Collapse
|
7
|
Xie Y, Du D, Zhang L, Yang Y, Zou Z, Li Z, Zhou L, Shang R, Zhou P. TJ-M2010-5, A self-developed MyD88 inhibitor, attenuates liver fibrosis by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 354:109839. [PMID: 35101388 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the result of most chronic inflammatory liver damage and seriously endangers human health. However, no drugs have been approved to treat this disease. Previous studies showed that the Toll-like receptors (TLRs)/myeloid differentiation factor-88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway plays a key role in liver fibrosis. TJ-M2010-5 is a self-developed small molecule MyD88 inhibitor, which has been proven to have a good protective effect in a variety of inflammatory disease models. In the present study, to investigate the anti-fibrotic effect of TJ-M2010-5, mice were injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in vivo and LX2 cells (a human hepatic stellate cell line) were treated with TGF-β1 in vitro to induce liver fibrosis. In vivo studies showed that TJ-M2010-5 attenuated the CCl4-induced liver damage, collagen accumulation, and the activation of hepatic stellate cells by inhibiting the nuclear transfer of NF-κB. Moreover, in vitro experiments of LX2 cells stimulated with TGF-β1 further indicated that the NF-κB pathway is involved in the development of liver fibrosis. TJ-M2010-5 significantly inhibited the proliferation and activation of LX2 cells. In addition, TJ-M2010-5 upregulated the expression of bone morphogenetic protein and membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) in LX2 cells by blocking the activation of MyD88/NF-κB, thereby inhibiting the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and the expression of collagen I (COL1A1) induced by TGF-β1. In conclusion, this study illustrates the anti-hepatic fibrosis effect of TJ-M2010-5 and provides a new treatment method for liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Xie
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dunfeng Du
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhimiao Zou
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeyang Li
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Runshi Shang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu YJ, He Q, Shang M, Yin YX, Li Y, Du X, Li XR. The NF-κB signalling pathway and TM7SF3 contribute to liver fibrosis caused by secreted phospholipase A2 of Clonorchis sinensis. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:152. [PMID: 33691755 PMCID: PMC7945307 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04663-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The NF-κB signalling pathway has been reported to be related to liver fibrosis, and we investigated whether the NF-κB signalling pathway is involved in liver fibrosis caused by secreted phospholipase A2 of Clonorchis sinensis (CssPLA2). Furthermore, expression of the receptor of CssPLA2 on the cell surface of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) may greatly contribute to liver fibrosis. Methods CssPLA2 was administered to BALB/c mice by abdominal injection. The levels of markers of NF-κB signalling pathway activation in mouse liver tissue were measured by quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA and western blot. Additionally, HSCs were incubated with CssPLA2, and an NF-κB signalling inhibitor (BAY 11-7082) was applied to test whether the NF-κB signalling pathway plays a role in the effect of CssPLA2. Then, the interaction between CssPLA2 and its receptor transmembrane 7 superfamily member 3 (TM7SF3) was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and GST pull-down. To determine how TM7SF3 influences the ability of CssPLA2 to cause liver fibrosis, a TM7SF3 antibody was used to block TM7SF3. Results The levels of the NF-ΚB signalling pathway activation markers TNF-α, IL-1β and phospho-p65 were increased by CssPLA2 in the context of liver fibrosis. In addition, the interaction between TM7SF3 and CssPLA2 was confirmed by co-IP and GST pull-down. When TM7SF3 was blocked by an antibody targeting 1–295 amino acids of TM7SF3, activation of HSCs caused by CssPLA2 was alleviated. Conclusions The NF-ΚB signalling pathway is involved in the activation of HSCs by CssPLA2. TM7SF3, the receptor of CssPLA2, plays important roles in liver fibrosis caused by CssPLA2.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Juan Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Shang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Xuan Yin
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Du
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Rong Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fan Y, Li Y, Chu Y, Liu J, Cui L, Zhang D. Toll-Like Receptors Recognize Intestinal Microbes in Liver Cirrhosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:608498. [PMID: 33708204 PMCID: PMC7940369 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.608498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is one major cause of mortality in the clinic, and treatment of this disease is an arduous task. The scenario will be even getting worse with increasing alcohol consumption and obesity in the current lifestyle. To date, we have no medicines to cure cirrhosis. Although many etiologies are associated with cirrhosis, abnormal intestinal microbe flora (termed dysbiosis) is a common feature in cirrhosis regardless of the causes. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), one evolutional conserved family of pattern recognition receptors in the innate immune systems, play a central role in maintaining the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota and inducing immune responses by recognizing both commensal and pathogenic microbes. Remarkably, recent studies found that correction of intestinal flora imbalance could change the progress of liver cirrhosis. Therefore, correction of intestinal dysbiosis and targeting TLRs can provide novel and promising strategies in the treatment of liver cirrhosis. Here we summarize the recent advances in the related topics. Investigating the relationship among innate immunity TLRs, intestinal flora disorders, and liver cirrhosis and exploring the underlying regulatory mechanisms will assuredly have a bright future for both basic and clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunpeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanjie Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dekai Zhang
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yan C, Wu J, Xu N, Li J, Zhou QY, Yang HM, Cheng XD, Liu JX, Dong X, Koda S, Zhang BB, Yu Q, Chen JX, Tang RX, Zheng KY. TLR4 Deficiency Exacerbates Biliary Injuries and Peribiliary Fibrosis Caused by Clonorchis sinensis in a Resistant Mouse Strain. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:526997. [PMID: 33469517 PMCID: PMC7813683 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.526997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice with different genetic backgrounds have various susceptibilities to infection with Clonorchis sinensis, although the mechanisms underlying are largely unknown. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) as one of the most important pattern recognition receptors (PPRs) is essential for the invasion, survival, pathogenesis, and elimination of worms. The roles played by TLR4 in C. sinensis infection may vary due to the different genetic backgrounds of mice. In the present study, a relatively resistant mouse strain-C57BL/10 to C. sinensis was used for investigation on the possible roles of TLR4 in the biliary injuries and peribiliary fibrosis. TLR4 wild type (TLR4wild) and TLR4 defective (TLR4def) mice were orally infected with 45 metacercariae of C. sinensis, and all C. sinensis-infected mice and non-infected groups were anesthetized on day 28 post-infection. The liver and serum from each mouse were collected for assessment of the biliary injuries and biliary fibrosis. Meanwhile, hepatic leukocytes were isolated and detected for the activation of M1 or M2 macrophage using flow cytometry. The hepatic type 1 immune response and type 2 immune responses -relative molecules were also evaluated using ELISA and quantitative PCR. The data showed that TLR4def aggravated liver inflammatory cell infiltrations, bile duct proliferation, biliary and hepatocellular injuries, and ECM deposition in C. sinensis-infected mice, compared with TLR4wild mice when they were intragastrically administered with the same amounts of C. sinensis metacercaria. Furthermore, the M2-like macrophages and type 2 immune responses were significantly predominant induced in TLR4def mice, compared with that of TLR4wild mice following C. sinensis infection. But the type 1 immune response were significantly decreased in TLR4def mice, compared with TLR4wild mice after C. sinensis infection. These data demonstrate that TLR4 deficiency exacerbates biliary injuries and peribiliary fibrosis caused by C. sinensis in C57BL/10 strain mice, which is contributed by augments of type 2 immune responses and decrease pro-inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Huai'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huai'an, China
| | - Na Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qian-Yang Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hui-Min Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ji-Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Stephane Koda
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center of Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren-Xian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kui-Yang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bai X, Wang N, Zhou J, Cui M, Jing X, Liu N. DX5 + NKT cells' increase was correlated with liver damage in FVB mice not in BALB/c mice infected by Clonorchis sinensis. Parasite Immunol 2020; 43:e12796. [PMID: 32984976 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS DX5+ NKT cells' distribution and population change in BALB/c and FVB mice infected by C sinensis and their function in liver damage were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were infected by Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae, and lymphocytes were isolated from the livers, spleens and peripheral blood. NK, DX5+ NKT, INF-γ+ DX5+ NKT cells and liver fibrosis were analysed. The DX5+ NKT cells displayed the largest amount in normal BALB/c mice liver followed by peripheral blood and spleen. Although the hepatic DX5+ NKT cells of BALB/c mice were more than that of FVB mice, they did not show significant percentage change after C sinensis infection. The hepatic DX5+ NKT cells of FVB mice increased remarkably after infection accompanied with heavier liver injury and fibrosis than the BALB/c mice. And hydroxyproline content was also positively correlated with DX5+ NKT cells only in FVB mice. However, the increase of IFN-γ producing DX5+ NKT cells was lower in FVB mice than in BALB/c mice which showed sharp increase with mild liver damage after infection. The frequencies of anti-fibrotic NK cells were similar in both of the two mouse strains. CONCLUSIONS C sinensis could induce different DX5+ NKT cells responses in different mouse strains which may play roles in liver injury and fibrosis in FVB mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Bai
- Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Min Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Binzhou City People's Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Xuening Jing
- Department of Immunology, Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, China
| | - Naiguo Liu
- Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu ZZ, Li XY, Fu LL, Yuan F, Tang RX, Liu YS, Zheng KY. Evaluation of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women using dot-immunogold-silver staining with recombinant Toxoplasma gondii peroxiredoxin protein. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:694. [PMID: 32962648 PMCID: PMC7507715 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii infection endangers human health and affects animal husbandry. Serological detection is the main method used for epidemiological investigations and diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. The key to effective diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is the use of a standardized antigen and a specific and sensitive detection method. Peroxiredoxin is an antigenic protein and vaccine candidate antigen of T. gondii that has not yet been exploited for diagnostic application. METHODS In this study, recombinant T. gondii peroxiredoxin protein (rTgPrx) was prepared and used in dot-immunogold-silver staining (Dot-IGSS) to detect IgG antibodies in serum from mice and pregnant women. The rTgPrx-Dot-IGSS method was established and optimized using mouse serum. Furthermore, serum samples from pregnant women were analyzed by rTgPrx-Dot-IGSS. RESULTS Forty serum samples from mice infected with T. gondii and twenty negative serum samples were analyzed. The sensitivity and specificity of rTgPrx-Dot-IGSS were 97.5 and 100%, respectively, equivalent to those of a commercial ELISA kit for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody. Furthermore, 540 serum samples from pregnant women were screened with a commercial ELISA kit. Eighty-three positive and 60 negative serum samples were analyzed by rTgPrx-Dot-IGSS. The positive rate was 95.18%, comparable to that obtained with the commercial ELISA kit. CONCLUSIONS The Dot-IGSS method with rTgPrx as an antigen might be useful for diagnosing T. gondii infection in individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan-Zhuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Xue-Yan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Lin-Lin Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Ren-Xian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Yi-Sheng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Kui-Yang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li B, Yan C, Wu J, Stephane K, Dong X, Zhang YZ, Zhang Y, Yu Q, Zheng KY. Clonorchis sinensis ESPs enhance the activation of hepatic stellate cells by a cross-talk of TLR4 and TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway. Acta Trop 2020; 205:105307. [PMID: 31862462 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Excretory/Secretory products (ESPs) from Clonorchis sinensis-a fluke dwelling on the biliary ducts-promote the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and lead to hepatic fibrosis ultimately, although the mechanisms that are responsible for CsESPs-induced activation of HSCs are largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of TLR4 in the regulation of the activation of HSCs caused by CsESPs. We found that the expression of TLR4 was significantly increased in the HSCs with CsESPs for 24 h, compared to the control group. However, the activation of HSCs induced by CsESPs was inhibited by interfering with TGF-β/Smad pathway using a TGF-β receptor I inhibitor LY2157299, indicating that TGF-β induced signaling pathway was involved in CsESPs-caused the activation of HSCs. In addition, the activation of HSCs caused by CsESPs was remarkably inhibited by a TLR4 specific inhibitor (VIPER), and phosphorylation of Smad2/3 was significantly attenuated but the expression of the pseudoreceptor of TGF-β-type I receptor (BAMBI) was obviously increased when TLR4 signaling pathway was blocked. The results of the present study demonstrate that activation of HSCs caused by CsESPs is mediated by a cross-talk between TLR4 and TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway, and may provide a potential treatment strategy to interrupt the process of liver fibrosis caused by C. sinensis.
Collapse
|
14
|
Shang M, Sun H, Wu Y, Gong Y, Tang Z, Meng F, He L, Yu X, Huang Y, Li X. In vivo and in vitro studies using Clonorchis sinensis adult-derived total protein (CsTP) on cellular function and inflammatory effect in mouse and cell model. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:1641-1652. [PMID: 32285266 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) can induce a food-borne parasitic disease (clonorchiasis). Numerous studies have analyzed functional proteins, immunologic factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cell signaling transduction that promote the development of clonorchiasis. In a previous study, it was shown that C. sinensis adult-derived total protein (CsTP) might be involved in the pathogenesis and development of liver fibrosis via bringing about Th2 immune response. In the present study, further investigation of CsTP on cellular function and inflammatory effect in vitro and in vivo has been elicited. CsTP induced inflammation and autophagy as evidenced by upregulation of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and autophagic markers LC3B and P62. Exposed to CsTP upregulated the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 expression, diminished the apoptosis induced by H2O2, but promoted the proliferation and migration of LX-2 cells in proper concentration range. Additionally, the protein levels of p-AKT and p-mTOR were repressed in response to CsTP, suggesting a correlation of blocking the activation of mTOR/AKT signaling pathway. These results revealed that CsTP might exacerbate hepatic pathological changes by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation in the liver and LX-2 cells. Some effects might be partially involved in the mTOR and AKT pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Shang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengchang Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinjuan Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeli Tang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangang Meng
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinbing Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuerong Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim EM, Bae YM, Choi MH, Hong ST. Connexin 43 plays an important role in the transformation of cholangiocytes with Clonochis sinensis excretory-secretory protein and N-nitrosodimethylamine. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0006843. [PMID: 30943209 PMCID: PMC6464552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clonorchis sinensis is a group I bio-carcinogen responsible for cholangiocarcinoma (CHCA) in humans. However, the mechanism by which C. sinensis promotes carcinogenesis is unclear. Methodology Using the human cholangiocyte line H69, we investigated cell proliferation and gap junction protein expression after stimulation with the hepatotoxin N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and/or excretory-secretory products (ESP) of C. sinensis, which induce inflammation. NDMA and ESP treatment increased proliferation by 146% and the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase by 37%. Moreover, the expression of the cell proliferation-related proteins E2F1, Ki-67, and cancer related protein cytokeratin 19 and Cox-2 increased in response to combined treatment with NDMA and ESP. The gap-junction proteins connexin (Cx) 43 and Cx26 increased. In contrast, Cx32 expression decreased in cells treated with NDMA and ESP. Silencing of Cx43 reduced cell proliferation and significantly suppressed Cx26 and Cox-2 expression. Conclusions These results suggest that Cx43 is an important factor in CHCA induced by C. sinensis ESP and NDMA and further investigations targeting this pathway may allow prevention of this deadly disease. Clonorchis sinensis, a human fluke, resides in the liver of humans and is commonly found in the common bile duct and gall bladder. This parasite is the main cause of cholangiocarcinoma, also called bile duct cancer, in humans. Of note, the excretory-secretory products (ESP) of C. sinensis are known to cause inflammation in the biliary epithelium, which may ultimately result in neoplasms via production of reactive oxygen species and subsequent DNA damage. Together with N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a potent hepatotoxin that can cause fibrosis and tumors in the liver, ESP led to an increase in the growth and proliferation of cholangiocytes. Our results showed that examination of changes in the expression of gap junction proteins, which are related to tumorigenesis, showed that connexin 43 was upregulated with ESPs from C. sinensis and NDMA. Together, our results suggest that exposure to C. sinensis, in addition to low levels of carcinogen could promote carcinogenesis in the bile duct epithelium via uncontrolled cell-to-cell communication. Moreover, silencing of Cx43 reduced cancer related protein. Therefore, Cx 43 can serve as a potential target for developing a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Min Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology and Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Research Bank, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mee Bae
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Choi
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Tae Hong
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Membrane-bound IgE on B cells is increased during Clonorchis sinensis infection. Immunobiology 2019; 224:347-352. [PMID: 30987761 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A high level of serum IgE is a hallmark of helminthic disease. Secretory IgE can bind FcεRI or FcεRII/CD23. The combination of IgE and FcεRI, a high-affinity interaction, has long received attention and is believed to facilitate helminth control, while the properties of CD23-bound IgE have long been unexplored. Here, we established a Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) infection model with different mouse strains and investigated membrane-bound IgE on B cells during infection. We show that after infection, the increase in CD23 expression on B cells was obvious, even in relatively resistant C57BL/6 mice, as well as in susceptible BALB/c and FVB mice. Although the serum IgE amount was lower in C57BL/6 mice than in BALB/c and FVB mice, the level of IgE binding to peripheral B cells was also elevated. Additionally, the IgE on B cells was soon undetectable in vitro due to dissociable binding. The results of the present study demonstrate the dramatic increase in CD23-bound IgE on B cells after C. sinensis infection. The significance of CD23-bound IgE in Ag transport and presentation has gained consideration in allergy development for its potential ability to promote the Th2 response. Therefore, even though the association of IgE and CD23 is not as substantial as that of IgE and FcεRI, membrane-bound IgE on B cells may be worth further study regarding clonorchiasis and other parasitic infections.
Collapse
|
17
|
Gentilini A, Pastore M, Marra F, Raggi C. The Role of Stroma in Cholangiocarcinoma: The Intriguing Interplay between Fibroblastic Component, Immune Cell Subsets and Tumor Epithelium. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102885. [PMID: 30249019 PMCID: PMC6213545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a severe and mostly intractable adenocarcinoma of biliary epithelial cells. A typical feature of CCA is its highly desmoplastic microenvironment containing fibrogenic connective tissue and an abundance of immune cells (T lymphocytes, Natural Killer (NK) cells, and macrophages) infiltrating tumor epithelium. This strong desmoplasia is orchestrated by various soluble factors and signals, suggesting a critical role in shaping a tumor growth-permissive microenvironment that is responsible for CCA poor clinical outcome. Indeed stroma not only provides an abundance of factors that facilitate CCA initiation, growth and progression, but also a prejudicial impact on therapeutic outcome. This review will give an overview of tumor-stroma signaling in a microenvironment critically regulating CCA development and progression. Identification of CCA secreted factors by both the fibroblast component and immune cell subsets might provide ample opportunities for pharmacological targeting of this type of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gentilini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50141, Italy.
| | - Mirella Pastore
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50141, Italy.
| | - Fabio Marra
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50141, Italy.
| | - Chiara Raggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50141, Italy.
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano 20089, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|