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Li Z, Yu H, Hussain SA, Yang R. Anticancer activity of Araguspongine C via inducing apoptosis, and inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, and EGFR-TK in human lung cancer cells: An in vitro and in vivo study. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23763. [PMID: 38984790 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that harbors epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations has put a selective pressure on the discovery and development of newer EGFR inhibitors. Therefore, the present study intends to explore the pharmacological effect of Araguspongine C (Aragus-C) as anticancer agent against lung cancer. The effect of Aragus-C was evaluated on the viability of the A549 and H1975 cells. Further biochemical assays were performed to elaborate the effect of Aragus-C, on the apoptosis, cell-cycle analysis, and mitochondrial membrane potential in A549 cells. Western blot analysis was also conducted to determine the expression of EGFR in A549 cells. Tumor xenograft mice model from A549 cells was established to further elaborate the pharmacological activity of Aragus-C. Results suggest that Aragus C showed significant inhibitory activity against A549 cells as compared to H1975 cells. It has been found that Aragus-C causes the induction of apoptosis and promotes cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M phase of A549 cells. It also showed a reduction in the overexpression of EGFR in A549 cells. In tumor xenograft mice model, it showed a significant reduction of tumor volume in a dose-dependent manner, with maximum inhibitory activity was reported by the 8 mg/kg treated group. It also showed significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity by reducing the level of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MDA, with a simultaneous increase of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. We have demonstrated the potent anti-lung cancer activity of Aragus-C, and it may be considered as a potential therapeutic choice for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Yan'an People's Hospital, Yan'an, China
| | - Hongjiang Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongliao City Hospital, Tongliao, China
| | - Shaik Althaf Hussain
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yan'an People's Hospital, Yan'an, China
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Dang Z, Liu S, Wang X, Ren F, Hussain SA, Jia D. Protective effect of avicularin against lung cancer via inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and induction of apoptosis: an in vitro and in vivo study. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:374-381. [PMID: 38592596 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate whether or not avicularin (AVL) possesses any anticancer properties when tested against lung cancer. In the beginning, the effect that it had on the cellular viability of A549 cells was investigated, and it was discovered that AVL has a considerable negative impact on cellular viability. Following that, an investigation using flow cytometry was carried out to investigate its function in the process of apoptosis and the cell cycle of A549 cells. It has been discovered that AVL significantly promotes apoptosis and stops the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. The colony-forming capacity of A549 cells was observed to be greatly suppressed as the AVL concentration increased compared to the group that received no treatment. In addition to this, the benzo(a)pyrene in vivo model was established in order to investigate the pharmacological value of AVL. The findings revealed that AVL greatly prevented the formation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, in addition to the reduction in oxidative stress, which was evidenced by a reduction in the concentration of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MDA with an improvement in the concentration of SOD and GPx, respectively. Our results successfully demonstrated the pharmacological benefit of avicularin against lung cancer, and it has been suggested that it showed a multifactorial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Dang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Baoji, Baoji, 721000, China
| | - Songbo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi'an North Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - XiaoJuan Wang
- Endoscopy Room, People's Hospital of Baoji, Baoji, 721000, China
| | - Fangfang Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi'an North Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaik Althaf Hussain
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dong Jia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi'an North Hospital, Xi'an, China.
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Zhang L, Li C. Eco-friendly green synthesis of N‑pyrazole amino chitosan using PEG-400 as an anticancer agent against gastric cancer cells via inhibiting EGFR. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:365-373. [PMID: 38564118 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00890-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to develop a green process that provides access to the development of Schiff base derivatives of chitosan with the heterocyclic moiety as a novel class of anti-gastric cancer agent. In the present study, we have synthesized these derivatives by reacting various pyrazoles with chitosan using CAN in PEG400. The compounds were synthesized in 20 min in excellent yield by using CAN at 5% in PEG400 at 80°C in the shortest reaction time of 20 min. The PEG400 could be efficiently recycled for the three consecutive runs. The developed compounds were tested for EGFR-TK inhibition using a Kinase-Glo Plus luminescence kinase assay kit where they exhibited significant activity revealing compound 2d as the most potent analog, while other compounds showed mild to moderate inhibitory activity. MTT assay was conducted to determine the effect of the three most potent EGFR inhibitors (2b, 2c, and 2d) on the proliferation of gastric cancer cells (SGC-7901). The results showed compound 2d as the most potent anticancer agent against SGC7901 cells. The effect of compound 2d was also quantified on the apoptosis and cell phase of SGC7901 cells using flow cytometry assay at various concentrations ranging from 0, 10, 20, and 30 µM. Results suggest that compound 2d showed significant inhibition of SGC-7901 by inducing apoptosis and arresting G0/G1 cell phase. The western blot analysis also revealed that compound 2d significantly inhibited the overexpression of EGFR in SGC-7901 cells. The study successfully demonstrated the development of N‑pyrazole amino chitosan as a novel class of agent against gastric cancer via inhibition of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Ward, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Chunfeng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Ward, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China.
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JIN T, ZHOU Q, SHEN J, ZHANG Z, LIAN X. Caffeic acid 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester prevents colorectal cancer through inhibition of multiple cancer-promoting signal pathways in 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine/dextran sodium sulphate mouse model. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2024; 44:70-77. [PMID: 38213241 PMCID: PMC10774738 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20231204.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the potential feature and mechanism of the caffeic acid 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester (CADPE) molecule, which can prevent colorectal cancer (CRC) in the 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine (DMH)/dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced mouse model. METHODS Institute of cancer research (ICR) male mice were injected with 20 mg/kg DMH for a week. After that, 2% DSS was administered in the drinking water for another 7 d. The CADPE treatment was given to the DMH/DSS induced male mice at three different periods until their sacrifice. Histopathological examination was used for observing the CRC development at colonic mucosa. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), blood cells smearing and crypt damage scoring methods were used for investigating the anti-inflammation feature of CADPE related to CRC. The reversing targets searching method was applied with artificial intelligence (AI), computer-aided drug designing (CADD) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) techniques for predicting the potential targets and mechanism of CADPE highly related to CRC. RESULTS The data indicated that CADPE inhibited CRC tumor development in the colitis-associated DMH/DSS induced mouse model after giving the early treatment. CADPE also impeded the acute inflammation by decreasing the infiltration of neutrophils significantly during the initial stage of CRC development. Finally, our data showed that CADPE prevented CRC by blocking active sites of three pivotal protein targets including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in two major cancer development pathways. CONCLUSIONS CADPE effectively prevented CRC at early stage of tumor germination in the DMH/DSS mouse model highly likely due to its anti-acute inflammation characteristic and the ability of blocking EGFR, ERK and mTOR activities in two highly related CRC developing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao JIN
- 1 College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian ZHOU
- 1 College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jichen SHEN
- 2 Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhizhong ZHANG
- 3 Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus of Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Xiaoyuan LIAN
- 4 College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Dubey P, Pathak DP, Ali F, Chauhan G, Kalaiselvan V. In-vitro Evaluation of Triazine Scaffold for Anticancer Drug Development: A Review. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2024; 21:e170723218813. [PMID: 37461340 DOI: 10.2174/1570163820666230717161610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The widespread importance of the synthesis and modification of anticancer agents has given rise to many numbers of medicinal chemistry programs. In this regard, triazine derivatives have attracted attention due to their remarkable activity against a wide range of cancer cells. This evaluation covers work reports to define the anticancer activity, the most active synthesized compound for the target, the SAR and, when described, the probable MOA besides similarly considered to deliver complete and target-pointed data for the development of types of anti-tumour medicines of triazine derivatives. Triazine scaffold for the development of anticancer analogues. Triazine can also relate to numerous beneficial targets, and their analogues have auspicious in-vitro and in-vivo anti-tumour activity. Fused molecules can improve efficacy, and drug resistance and diminish side effects, and numerous hybrid molecules are beneath diverse stages of clinical trials, so hybrid derivatives of triazine may offer valuable therapeutic involvement for the dealing of tumours. OBJECTIVE The objective of the recent review was to summarize the recent reports on triazine as well as its analogues with respect to its anticancer therapeutic potential. CONCLUSION The content of the review would be helpful to update the researchers working towards the synthesis and designing of new molecules for the treatment of various types of cancer disease with the recent molecules that have been produced from the triazine scaffold. Triazine scaffolds based on 1,3,5-triazine considerably boost molecular diversity levels and enable covering chemical space in key medicinal chemistry fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Dubey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Mehrauli- Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Dharam Pal Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Mehrauli- Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Faraat Ali
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
- Department of Licensing and Enforcement, Laboratory Services, Botswana Medicines Regulatory Authority, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Garima Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Mehrauli- Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Vivekanandan Kalaiselvan
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Sector-23, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Gao W, Du L, Li N, Li Y, Wu J, Zhang Z, Chen H. Dexmedetomidine attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in hyperlipidemic rats by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and NF-κB. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:1176-1185. [PMID: 37604597 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the protective effect of Dexmedetomidine (DEX) in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in hyperlipidemic rats. Towards this, the effect of DEX was first evaluated on the infarct size and the histopathology of cardiac tissues using TTC and H and E staining, and it was found that DEX significantly improved the infarct size and architecture of the myocardial tissues following the I/R injury. DEX also showed significant improvement in various examined hemodynamic parameters (e.g., LVSP, and ± dp/dtmax ) in a dose-dependent manner. The lipid profile (LDL, VLDL, TC, TG, and HDL level) of the rats were also found significantly improved in DEX-treated rats. The level of various pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and TNF-α), cardiac injury (CK, CK-MB, Troponin I AST, ALT, and LDH), and oxidative stress (MDA, SOD, and GSH) biomarkers were also found to be restored near to the normal in DEX-treated group. It has been found that DEX also significantly reduces apoptosis of rat cardiomyocytes. In western blot analysis, DEX showed a significant reduction in the activation of NF-κB. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the protective effect of Dexmedetomidine in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in hyperlipidemic rats possibly via amelioration of oxidative stress, and inflammation apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liang Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Nan Li
- Operating Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yating Li
- Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinfang Wu
- Operating Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Zang B, Wang L. Synthesis and protective effect of pyrazole conjugated imidazo[1,2- a]pyrazine derivatives against acute lung injury in sepsis rats via attenuation of NF-κB, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2023; 73:341-362. [PMID: 37708960 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2023-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The current work was conducted to elucidate the pharmacological effect of pyrazole-conjugated imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives against acute lung injury in rats in sepsis and their mechanism of action. Various pyrazole-conjugated imidazo[1,2-a]-pyrazine derivatives have been synthesized in a straightforward synthetic route. They exhibited a diverse range of inhibitory activity against NF-ĸB with IC 50 ranging from 1 to 94 µmol L-1. Among them, compound 3h [(4-(4-((4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfonyl) phenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) (8-(methylamino)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-2-yl)methanone] was identified as the most potent NF-κB inhibitor with IC 50 of 1.02 µmol L-1. None of the synthesized compounds was found cytotoxic to normal cell-line MCF-12A. The pharmacological activity of the most potent NF-ĸB inhibitor 3h was also investigated in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis injury of the lung in rats. Compound 3h was administered to rats after induc tion of lung sepsis, and various biochemical parameters were measured. Results suggested that compound 3h significantly reduced lung inflammation and membrane permeability, as evidenced by H&E staining of lung tissues. It substantially reduced the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1B, IL-6) and oxidative stress (MPO, MDA, SOD). It showed attenuation of NF-ĸB and apoptosis in Western blot and annexin--PI assay, resp. Compound 3h also reduced the production of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the lung and provided a protective effect against lung injury. Our study showed the pharmacological significance of pyrazole-conjugated imidazo[1,2-a] pyrazine derivative 3h against acute lung injury in sepsis rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Zang
- The Emergency Department, Henan Province Hospital of TCMThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou City Henan Province, 450002, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- The Emergency Department, Henan Province Hospital of TCMThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou City Henan Province, 450002, China
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Dai Q, Sun Q, Ouyang X, Liu J, Jin L, Liu A, He B, Fan T, Jiang Y. Antitumor Activity of s-Triazine Derivatives: A Systematic Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114278. [PMID: 37298753 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
1,3,5-triazine derivatives, also called s-triazines, are a series of containing-nitrogen heterocyclic compounds that play an important role in anticancer drug design and development. To date, three s-triazine derivatives, including altretamine, gedatolisib, and enasidenib, have already been approved for refractory ovarian cancer, metastatic breast cancer, and leukemia therapy, respectively, demonstrating that the s-triazine core is a useful scaffold for the discovery of novel anticancer drugs. In this review, we mainly focus on s-triazines targeting topoisomerases, tyrosine kinases, phosphoinositide 3-kinases, NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, and cyclin-dependent kinases in diverse signaling pathways, which have been extensively studied. The medicinal chemistry of s-triazine derivatives as anticancer agents was summarized, including discovery, structure optimization, and biological applications. This review will provide a reference to inspire new and original discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuzi Dai
- The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Qinsheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaorong Ouyang
- The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Jinyang Liu
- The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Liye Jin
- The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Ahao Liu
- The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Binsheng He
- The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Tingting Fan
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Prasad T, Mahapatra A, Sharma T, Sahoo CR, Padhy RN. Dihydropyrimidinones as potent anticancer agents: Insight into the structure-activity relationship. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023:e2200664. [PMID: 36942985 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a serious disease that has been around for a long time but currently has no sustainable solution. Several medications currently available offer an opportunity for the manifestation of cancer treatment; however, the "search for better" has led to the development and study of a variety of new scaffolds. Dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs) are a privileged scaffold, prominent for their versatile range of biological activities. In recent years, the anticancer potential of these unsaturated pyrimidine ring systems has been traversed, along with their synthesis methods and the interlinked mechanisms leading to the anticancer activity. This review summarizes the structure-activity relationship of DHPMs as potential anticancer agents. This study is a short review of their synthesis, mechanism of action, and structure-activity relationships (SARs) that are answerable for the anticancer activity of DHPMs and have been thoroughly researched and assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Aastha Mahapatra
- College of Professional Studies, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tripti Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Chita R Sahoo
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rabindra Nath Padhy
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Synthesis, crystal structure and molecular docking study of new monastrol analogues as inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Design and development of novel 1,2,3-triazole chalcone derivatives as potential anti-osteosarcoma agents via inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2022; 72:389-402. [PMID: 36651540 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2022-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an uncommon tumour that mainly affects bone in children and adolescents. The current treatment options of OS are of limited significance due to their immense side effects. In the present manuscript, we have developed a novel series of 1,2,3-triazole chalcone derivatives as potential agents against OS. The compounds were synthesized and evaluated for their PI3K and mTOR inhibitory activity using luminescent kinase assay, and Lance ultra assay, resp. The entire set of compounds showed significant to moderate inhibition of both kinases in the nanomolar range. The three most active compounds: 4e (N-(4-(3-(1-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)acryloyl)phenyl)-4-nitrobenzamide), 4f (N-(4-(3-(1-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)acryloyl)phenyl)-4-chlorobenzamide) and 4g (4-bromo-N-(4-(3-(1-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)acryloyl)phenyl)benzamide), were evaluated for anticancer activity against human OS cancer cell line (MG-63), liver cancer cell line (HepG2), lung cancer cell line (A549) and cervical cancer (HeLa), using MTT assay. Among the tested series, compound 4e showed a better inhibitory profile than gedatolisib against PI3K and was approximately comparable to that of gedatolisib against mTOR. The most significant inhibitory activity was observed for compound 4e against all cell lines (MG-63, HepG2, A549 and HeLa), still somewhat lower to comparable to that of gedatolisib, but with the highest potency against MG-63 cells. Compound 4e was further tested for anti-cancer activity against other OS cells and showed to be equipo-tent to gedatolisib against U2OS and Saos-2 cells. Moreover, it was also found non-toxic to normal cells (BEAS-2B and MCF 10A). The effect of compound 4e was further determined on apoptosis of Saos-2 cells by Annexin-PI assay, where it significantly amplified the percentage of apoptotic cells. Novel 1,2,3-triazole chalcone derivatives are potential agents against OS.
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Shawish I, Barakat A, Aldalbahi A, Malebari AM, Nafie MS, Bekhit AA, Albohy A, Khan A, Ul-Haq Z, Haukka M, de la Torre BG, Albericio F, El-Faham A. Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of a New Series of Mono- and Bis(dimethylpyrazolyl)- s-triazine Derivatives Targeting EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Cascades. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:24858-24870. [PMID: 35874229 PMCID: PMC9301957 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Here, we synthesized a newseries of mono- and bis(dimethylpyrazolyl)-s-triazine derivatives. The synthetic methodology involved the reaction of different mono- and dihydrazinyl-s-triazine derivatives with acetylacetone in the presence of triethylamine to produce the corresponding target products in high yield and purity. The antiproliferative activity of the novel mono- and bis(dimethylpyrazolyl)-s-triazine derivatives was studied against three cancer cell lines, namely, MCF-7, HCT-116, and HepG2. N-(4-Bromophenyl)-4-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine 4f, N-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,6-bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine 5c, and 4,6-bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine 5d showed promising activity against these cancer cells: 4f [(IC50 = 4.53 ± 0.30 μM (MCF-7); 0.50 ± 0.080 μM (HCT-116); and 3.01 ± 0.49 μM (HepG2)]; 5d [(IC50 = 3.66 ± 0.96 μM (HCT-116); and 5.42 ± 0.82 μM (HepG2)]; and 5c [(IC50 = 2.29 ± 0.92 μM (MCF-7)]. Molecular docking studies revealed good binding affinity with the receptor targeting EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling cascades. Compound 4f exhibited potent EGFR inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 61 nM compared to that of Tamoxifen (IC50 value of 69 nM), with EGFR inhibition of 83 and 84%, respectively, at a concentration of 10 μM. Interestingly, 4f showed remarkable PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitory activity with 0.18-, 0.27-, and 0.39-fold decrease in their concentration (reduction in controls from 6.64, 45.39, and 86.39 ng/mL to 1.24, 12.35, and 34.36 ng/mL, respectively). Hence, the synthetic 1,3,5-triazine derivative 4f exhibited promising antiproliferative activity in HCT-116 cells through apoptosis induction by targeting the EGFR and its downstream pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Shawish
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Math and Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assem Barakat
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Aldalbahi
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azizah M. Malebari
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S. Nafie
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal
University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Adnan A. Bekhit
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Pharmacy
Program, Allied Health Department, College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Amgad Albohy
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Suez Desert Road, Cairo 11837, Egypt
- The Center
for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Alamgir Khan
- H.E.J. Research
Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological
Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- H.E.J. Research
Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological
Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Dr. Panjwani
Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center
for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University
of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- KwaZulu-Natal
Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory
Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
- Peptide
Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South
Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide
Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South
Africa
- Institute
for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC−CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN,
Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine,
and Department of Organic Chemistry, University
of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria
University, P.O. Box 426,
Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
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Gangasani JK, Yarasi S, Naidu VGM, Vaidya JR. Triazine based chemical entities for anticancer activity. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Triazine is a six-membered aromatic nitrogen heterocyclic moiety that was extensively investigated because of its biological properties and, in particular anticancer potentials. Kinases play a crucial role in cancer cell proliferation and metabolism. Triazine derivatives show anticancer activity by inhibiting the lipid kinases like phosphoinositide 3-kinases, mammalian target of rapamycin, receptor tyrosine kinases, like focal adhesion kinase, cyclin-dependent kinases, Rho-associated protein kinases, p21-activated kinases, carbonic anhydrases, enolase inhibitors, microtubules inhibitors, and histone deacetylases. The present chapter highlights the synthesis of triazine-based derivatives, their characterization, evaluation of anticancer properties, and their journey towards possible medicine for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadees Kumar Gangasani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Guwahati , 781101 , Assam , India
| | - Siwaswarup Yarasi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Guwahati , 781101 , Assam , India
| | - Vegi Ganga Modi Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Guwahati , 781101 , Assam , India
| | - Jayathirtha Rao Vaidya
- Fluoro Agro Chemicals Department and AcSIR-Ghaziabad , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Uppal Road Tarnaka , Hyderabad , 500007 , Telangana , India
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Su Q, Xu B, Tian Z, Gong Z. 1,3,5-triazines inhibit osteosarcoma and avert lung metastasis in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model with favorable pharmacokinetics. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:295-301. [PMID: 35656180 PMCID: PMC9148403 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.62705.13873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Osteosarcoma is a major solid malignant tumor of bone, possessing significant burden on healthcare due to non-availability of specific anticancer agents. The current study was conducted to identify novel 1,3,5-triazine derivatives against osteosarcoma. Materials and Methods The compounds were synthesized in a straight-forward two-step reaction and subsequently tested against PI3K and mTOR kinase and anticancer activity against osteosarcoma cells (MG-63, U2-OS, and Saos-2). The effect of the most potent compound was evaluated on apoptosis and cell phase of Saos-2 cells. The pharmacological activity was further established in the patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. Results The developed compounds 8 (a-f) showed significant inhibitory activities against PI3K, mTOR, and OS cells. Among the tested series, compound 8a showed highly potent PI3K/mTOR inhibitory activity with significant anticancer activity against Saos-2 cells compared with Imatinib as standard. It also induces apoptosis and causes G2/M arrest in Saos-2 cells. Compound 8a significantly improved body weight, reduced tumor volume, and inhibited lung metastasis in athymic nude mice in a PDOX mouse model. It also showed optimal pharmacokinetic parameters in SD rats. Conclusion In summary, 1,3,5-triazine analogs were identified as new PI3K/mTOR inhibitors against osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Su
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Yantai Shan Hospital, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Baolin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhoubin Tian
- Departments of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Ziling Gong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
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Kireeva DR, Sadretdinov SS, Musina AI, Ishmetova DV, Vakhitov VA, Murinov YI, Dokichev VA. Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of 1,3,5-Triazinane Derivatives Based on Primary Amines and Amino Acids Esters. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Maliszewski D, Drozdowska D. Recent Advances in the Biological Activity of s-Triazine Core Compounds. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020221. [PMID: 35215333 PMCID: PMC8875733 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective strategy for successful chemotherapy relies on creating compounds with high selectivity against cancer cells compared to normal cells and relatively low cytotoxicity. One such approach is the discovery of critical points in cancer cells, i.e., where specific enzymes that are potential therapeutic targets are generated. Triazine is a six-membered heterocyclic ring compound with three nitrogen replacing carbon-hydrogen units in the benzene ring structure. The subject of this review is the symmetrical 1,3,5-triazine, known as s-triazine. 1,3,5-triazine is one of the oldest heterocyclic compounds available. Because of its low cost and high availability, it has attracted researcher attention for novel synthesis. s-Triazine has a weak base, it has much weaker resonance energy than benzene, therefore, nucleophilic substitution is preferred to electrophilic substitution. Heterocyclic bearing a symmetrical s-triazine core represents an interesting class of compounds possessing a wide spectrum of biological properties such as anti-cancer, antiviral, fungicidal, insecticidal, bactericidal, herbicidal and antimicrobial, antimalarial agents. They also have applications as dyes, lubricants, and analytical reagents. Hence, the group of 1,3,5-triazine derivatives has developed over the years. Triazine is not only the core amongst them, but is also a factor increasing the kinetic potential of the entire derivatives. Modifying the structure and introducing new substituents makes it possible to obtain compounds with broad inhibitory activity on processes such as proliferation. In some cases, s-triazine derivatives induce cell apoptosis. In this review we will present currently investigated 1,3,5-triazine derivatives with anti-cancer activities, with particular emphasis on their inhibition of enzymes involved in the process of tumorigenesis.
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Photodynamic Evaluation of Triazine Appended Porphyrins as Anti-Leishmanial and Anti-tumor Agents. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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18
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Kumari S, Singh A. Various Techniques for One-Pot Synthesis of 1,3,5-Triazine (s-Triazine)
Derivatives: A Review. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x18666210225115511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
Recent studies have shown that one-pot synthesis is a boon for triazines synthesis. One-pot processes had significant success in carrying out complex reactions under mild and eco-friendly conditions. One-pot synthesis is environmentally benign and more economical than other processes in triazines synthesis. The triazine scaffold has provided the starting key point for the design and development of pharmaceutical molecules with wide range of biomedical applications. This review highlights the various methodologies involved for one-pot synthesis of 1,3,5-triazine scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbeer Kumari
- Department of Chemistry S S Jain Subodh PG (Autonomous) College, Jaipur,India
| | - Anupama Singh
- Department of Chemistry S S Jain Subodh PG (Autonomous) College, Jaipur,India
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Elkaeed EB, Salam HAAE, Sabt A, Al-Ansary GH, Eldehna WM. Recent Advancements in the Development of Anti-Breast Cancer Synthetic Small Molecules. Molecules 2021; 26:7611. [PMID: 34946704 PMCID: PMC8709016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all cancer types, breast cancer (BC) still stands as one of the most serious diseases responsible for a large number of cancer-associated deaths among women worldwide, and diagnosed cases are increasing year by year worldwide. For a very long time, hormonal therapy, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy were used for breast cancer treatment. However, these treatment approaches are becoming progressively futile because of multidrug resistance and serious side effects. Consequently, there is a pressing demand to develop more efficient and safer agents that can fight breast cancer belligerence and inhibit cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Currently, there is an avalanche of newly designed and synthesized molecular entities targeting multiple types of breast cancer. This review highlights several important synthesized compounds with promising anti-BC activity that are categorized according to their chemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam B. Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Ahmed Sabt
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
| | - Ghada H. Al-Ansary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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Synthesis, and Molecular Structure Investigations of a New s-Triazine Derivatives Incorporating Pyrazole/Piperidine/Aniline Moieties. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11121500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized two new s-triazine incorporates pyrazole/piperidine/aniline moieties. Molecular structure investigations in the light of X-ray crystallography combined with Hirshfeld and DFT calculations were presented. Intermolecular interactions controlling the molecular packing of 4-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N-phenyl-6-(piperidin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine; 5a and N-(4-bromophenyl)-4-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-(piperidin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine; 5b were analyzed using Hirshfeld calculations. The most dominant interactions are the H...H, N...H and H...C contacts in both compounds. The N...H and H...C interactions in 5a and the N...H, Br...H and H...H interactions in 5b are the most important. In addition, DFT calculations were used to compute the molecular structures of 5a and 5b; then, their electronic properties, as well as the 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra, were predicted. Both compounds are polar where 5a (1.018 Debye) has lower dipole moment than 5b (4.249 Debye). The NMR chemical shifts were calculated and very good correlations between the calculated and experimental data were obtained (R2 = 0.938–0.997).
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21
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Liang J, Tang M, Wang L, Huang R, Fu A, Zhou J. Design and development of novel fasudil derivatives as potent antibreast cancer agent that improves intestinal flora and intestinal barrier function in rats. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:1065-1078. [PMID: 34587363 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to develop novel fasudil derivatives after incorporation of substituted thiazoles as potent anti-breast cancer (BC) agents. The compounds were developed using a facile synthetic route in excellent yields. The entire set of developed compounds was tested for inhibitory activity against rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK; ROCK1 and ROCK2) kinase, where they exhibit potent and selective inhibition of ROCK1 as compared to ROCK2. The most potent ROCK2 inhibitor, compound 6h significantly inhibited the viability of BC cells (MCF-7). It also causes inhibition of migration and invasion of MCF-7 cells. Moreover, the anti-BC activity of compound 6h was studied in 7,12 dimethyl Benz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced BC in female Sprague Dawley rats. Results suggest that it causes significant improvement in the bodyweight of the animals with a reduction in oxidative stress in the liver and mammary tissues of rats. It showed improvement in the intestinal barrier function of rats by restoring the level of Diamine oxidase, d-lactate, and endotoxin. In western blot analysis, it showed improvement in (ZO-1), occludin, and claudin-1 in the colon tissue of the rat as compared to the DMBA group. Our study demonstrated the development of the novel class of fasudil derivatives potent anti-BC agent that improves intestinal flora and intestinal barrier function in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Liang
- Oncology Radiotherapy Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mu Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lieliang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ailong Fu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Juying Zhou
- Oncology Radiotherapy Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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22
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Su Q, Xu B, Tian Z, Gong Z. Novel 1,3,5-triazine-nicotinohydrazide derivatives induce cell arrest and apoptosis in osteosarcoma cancer cells and inhibit osteosarcoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 99:320-330. [PMID: 34811888 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study deals with developing novel 1,3,5-triazine-nicotinohydrazide derivatives as potent CDK9 inhibitors in a straightforward synthetic route with potent anti-osteosarcoma activity. The most potent CDK9 inhibitor compound 5k inhibits proliferation of MG-63 cells via induction of apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. It reduces tumor progression in the patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. In tumor tissue homogenates, it caused significant inhibition of CDK9 and inhibited the phosphorylation of RNAPII ser2 and reduced MCL-1 expression in Western blot analysis. Compound 5k also showed considerable bioavailability in SD mice. Our results demonstrated that compound 5k inhibits growth of OS in vitro and in vivo via inhibition of CDK9 which attenuated the downstream phosphorylation of RNAPII ser2 and represses expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, MCL-1 for the induction of apoptosis in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Su
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Yantai Shan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Baolin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhoubin Tian
- Departments of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ziling Gong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Mehmood Y, Anwar F, Saleem U, Hira S, Ahmad B, Bashir M, Imtiaz MT, Najm S, Ismail T. The anti-cancer potential of 2,4,6 tris-methyphenylamino1,3,5-triazine compound against mammary glands cancer: Via down-regulating the hormonal, inflammatory mediators, and oxidative stress. Life Sci 2021; 285:119994. [PMID: 34592236 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Breast cancer is caused by abnormal growth of the cells and progressed due to the over-expression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR). The current study was designed to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of 2,4,6 tris-methyphenylamino1,3,5-triazine compound (MPAT) in N-nitroso, N-methyl urea (NMU)-induced mammary gland cancer. METHODS Molecular docking and in-vitro studies were conducted before the in-vivo analysis. Female Albino rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 6). Group I received Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) (1 mL/100 g). Group II (diseased group) received NMU 50 mg/kg. Group III (standard group) received tamoxifen (5 mg/kg). Group IV-V received MPAT at doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg respectively. All groups received NMU intraperitoneally except the control group at 3 weeks intervals for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks of NMU dosing, MPAT was given for 15 consecutive days. Biochemical, oxidative stress markers, hormonal profile, and inflammatory mediators were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS MPAT showed significant interaction with the selected targets in docking studies. An over-expression of ER and PR was observed in NMU-treated rats which were restored significantly after MPAT administration. Nitrite and MDA levels were high in the diseased group and MPAT treatment attenuated the oxidative damage after treatment. Antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), total sulfhydryl (TSH), glutathione (GSH), and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values were low in NMU-treated rats. SIGNIFICANCE This study concluded that MPAT can be used as an anticancer agent due to its significant effects on down-regulating the hormonal profile and oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumna Mehmood
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fareeha Anwar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sundas Hira
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Manal Bashir
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tayyab Imtiaz
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Najm
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lahore College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore 55150, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Ismail
- COMSAT University, Department of Pharmacy, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
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Physicochemical and biological evaluation of a triazine-methacrylate monomer into a dental resin. J Dent 2021; 114:103818. [PMID: 34560223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to (1) formulate blend resins with 2.5 or 5 wt.% of the methacrylate monomer 1,3,5-triacryloylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (TAT), and (2) to evaluate the blend resins regarding the physicochemical and biological properties. METHODS The base resin was formulated mixing 60 wt.% of bisphenol A glycol dimethacrylate and 40 wt.% of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate with photoinitiator/co/initiator system. TAT was added at 2.5 (G2.5%) or 5 (G5%) wt.%, and a group without TAT was used as control (Gctrl). The resins were analyzed for degree of conversion (DC), Knoop hardness (KHN), softening in solvent (ΔKHN), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), contact angle, surface free energy (SFE), antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation, and cytotoxicity against human keratinocytes. RESULTS There was no difference for the DC (p = 0.676). The addition of TAT at 5 wt.% induced higher KHN (p<0.001), higher resistance against softening in solvent (p<0.001), and higher UTS (p = 0.04). There were no statistically significant differences for contact angle with water (p = 0.106), α-bromonaphtalene (p = 0.454), and SFE (p = 0.172). The higher the TAT concentration, the higher the antibacterial activity (p<0.001). G2.5% showed no cytotoxicity compared to Gctrl (p>0.05), and G5% induced lower cell viability (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The addition of 2.5 wt.% of TAT is suitable for conveying antibacterial activity for dental resins without changing the physicochemical properties or impairing the cytotoxic effect. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Methacrylate monomers that decrease bacterial viability and copolymerize with the resin matrix are exciting approaches to developing therapeutic materials. TAT showed promising properties to may hamper and prevent carious lesions when incorporated into dental materials. Further evaluations with higher cariogenic challenges will be carried to analyze the formulated materials.
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Reddy MVK, Rao KY, Anusha G, Kumar GM, Damu AG, Reddy KR, Shetti NP, Aminabhavi TM, Reddy PVG. In-vitro evaluation of antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of novel pyridine, quinoxaline and s-triazine derivatives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 199:111320. [PMID: 33991570 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cholinesterase enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) cause hydrolysis of acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter responsible for the cognitive functions of the brain such as acquiring knowledge and comprehension. Therefore, inhibition of these enzymes is an effective process to curb the progressive and fatal neurological Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we explored the potential inhibitory activities of various pyridine, quinoxaline, and triazine derivatives (3a-k, 6a-j and 11a-h) against AChE and BuChE enzymes by following the modified Ellman's method. Further, anti-oxidant property of these libraries was monitored using DPPH (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazylhydrate) radical scavenging analysis. From the studies, we identified that compounds 6e, 6f, 11b and 11f behaved as selective AChE inhibitors with IC50 values ranging from 7.23 to 10.35 μM. Further studies revealed good anti-oxidant activity by these compounds with IC50 values in the range of 14.80-27.22 μM. The kinetic studies of the active analogues demonstrated mixed-type of inhibition due to their interaction with both the catalytic active sites (CAS) and peripheral anionic sites (PAS) of the AChE. Additionally, molecular simulation in association with fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic analyses explained strong affinities of inhibitors to bind with AChE enzyme at the physiological pH of 7.2. Binding constant values of 5.4 × 104, 4.3 × 104, 3.2 × 104 and 4.9 × 104 M-1 corresponding to free energy changes -5.593, -6.799, -6.605 and -8.104 KcalM-1 were obtained at 25 °C from fluorescence emission spectroscopic studies of 6e, 6f, 11b and 11f, respectively. Besides, CD spectroscopy deliberately explained the secondary structure of AChE partly unfolded upon binding with these dynamic molecules. Excellent in vitro profiles of distinct quinoxaline and triazine compounds highlighted them as the potential leads compared to pyridine derivatives, suggesting a path towards developing preventive or therapeutic targets to treat the Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V K Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Laboratories, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K Y Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Products Laboratories, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - G Anusha
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Laboratories, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - G M Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - A G Damu
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Products Laboratories, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kakarla Raghava Reddy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Peddiahgari Vasu Govardhana Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Laboratories, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Tayyab Imtiaz M, Anwar F, Saleem U, Ahmad B, Hira S, Mehmood Y, Bashir M, Najam S, Ismail T. Triazine Derivative as Putative Candidate for the Reduction of Hormone-Positive Breast Tumor: In Silico, Pharmacological, and Toxicological Approach. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:686614. [PMID: 34122114 PMCID: PMC8193840 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.686614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that poses the highest incidence of morbidity among women and presents many treatment challenges. In search of novel breast cancer therapies, several triazine derivatives have been developed for their potential chemotherapeutic activity. This study aims to evaluate the N-nitroso-N-methyl urea (NMU)-induced anti-mammary gland tumor activity of 2,4,6 (O-nitrophenyl amino) 1,3,5-triazine (O-NPAT). Methods: The in silico modeling and in vitro cytotoxicity assay were performed to strengthen the research hypothesis. For in vivo experimentation, 30 female rats were divided into five groups. Group I (normal control) received normal saline. Group II (disease control) received NMU (50 mg/kg). Group III (standard control) was treated with tamoxifen (5 mg/kg). Groups IV and V received O-NPAT at a dose level of 30 and 60 mg/kg, respectively. For tumor induction, 3 intraperitoneal doses of NMU were given at a 3-week interval, whereas all treatment compounds were administered orally for 14 consecutive days. Biochemical and oxidative stress markers were estimated for all experimental animals. DNA strand breakage alongside inflammatory markers was also measured for the analysis of inflammation. The hormonal profile of progesterone and estrogen was also estimated. Results: The test compound presented a significant reduction in organ weight and restored the hepatic and renal enzymes. O-NPAT treatments enhanced the antioxidant enzyme level of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total sulfhydryl (TSH), with a highly significant reduction in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and lipid peroxidation. Also, the decrease in fragmented DNA, hormonal levels (estradiol and progesterone), and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) justified the dosage efficacy further supported by histopathological findings. Conclusion: All results indicated the anti-breast tumor activity of O-NPAT and presented its possibility of exploitation for beneficial effects in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tayyab Imtiaz
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fareeha Anwar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sundas Hira
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yumna Mehmood
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Manal Bashir
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Najam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lahore College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSAT University, Abbottabad, Pakistan
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Singh S, Mandal MK, Masih A, Saha A, Ghosh SK, Bhat HR, Singh UP. 1,3,5-Triazine: A versatile pharmacophore with diverse biological activities. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2000363. [PMID: 33760298 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
1,3,5-Triazine and its derivatives have been the epicenter of chemotherapeutic molecules due to their effective biological activities, such as antibacterial, fungicidal, antimalarial, anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiamoebic, and antitubercular activities. The present review represents a summarized report of the crucial biological activities possessed by substituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives, with special attention to the most potent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Singh
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Milan K Mandal
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anup Masih
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashmita Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Surajit K Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Hans R Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Udaya P Singh
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Hu J, Zhang Y, Tang N, Lu Y, Guo P, Huang Z. Discovery of novel 1,3,5-triazine derivatives as potent inhibitor of cervical cancer via dual inhibition of PI3K/mTOR. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 32:115997. [PMID: 33440319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.115997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the synthesis of novel 1,3,5-triazine derivatives as potent inhibitors of cervical cancer. The compounds were initially tested for inhibition of PI3K/mTOR, where they showed significant inhibitory activity. The top-ranking molecule (compound 6 h) was further tested against class I PI3K isoforms, such as PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ, where it showed the most significant activity against PI3Kα. Compound 6 h was then tested for anti-cancer activity against triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB321), human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and human liver cancer cells (HepG2), and it showed the greatest potency against HeLa cells. The effects of compound 6 h were further evaluated against the HeLa cells, where it showed significant attenuation of cell viability by inducing cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Compound 6 h induced apoptosis and reduced migration and invasion of HeLa cells. Western blotting analysis showed that 6 h inhibited PI3K and mTOR with positive modulation of Bcl-2 and Bax levels in HeLa cells. The effects of compound 6 h were also investigated in a tumour xenograft mouse model, where it showed reduction of tumour volume and weight. It also inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling cascade in xenograft tumour tissues, as evidenced by western blotting analysis. The results of the present study suggest the possible utility of the designed 1,3,5-triazine derivative as a potent inhibitor of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Hu
- Department of Pathology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, No.745 Wuluo Road, Wuhan city, Hubei province 430070, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, No.745 Wuluo Road, Wuhan city, Hubei province 430070, China
| | - Na Tang
- Department of Pathology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, No.745 Wuluo Road, Wuhan city, Hubei province 430070, China
| | - Yanju Lu
- Department of Pathology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, No.745 Wuluo Road, Wuhan city, Hubei province 430070, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Pathology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, No.745 Wuluo Road, Wuhan city, Hubei province 430070, China
| | - Ziming Huang
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, No.745 Wuluo Road, Wuhan city, Hubei province 430070, China.
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Jain S, Jain PK, Sain S, Kishore D, Dwivedi J. Anticancer s-Triazine Derivatives: A Synthetic Attribute. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x17666200131111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
1, 3, 5-Triazine (s-Triazine) is a versatile nucleus to design and develop potent bioactive
molecules for drug discovery, particularly in cancer therapy. The aim of this review is to present the
most recent trends in the field of synthetic strategies made for functionalized triazine derivatives active
against cell proliferation. This review article covers the synthesis of aryl methylamino, morpholino,
triamino substituted triazines, antimitotic agents coupled triazines and many more. Many 1,3,5-
triazine derivatives, both hetero-fused and uncondensed, have shown remarkable antitumor activities.
We have highlighted various derivatives with 1, 3, 5-triazine core targeting different kinases with an
aim to help researchers for developing new 1, 3, 5-triazine derived compounds for antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonika Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022, India
| | - Shalu Sain
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022, India
| | - Dharma Kishore
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022, India
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30
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El-Wakil MH, Khattab SN, El-Yazbi AF, El-Nikhely N, Soffar A, Khalil HH. New chalcone-tethered 1,3,5-triazines potentiate the anticancer effect of cisplatin against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells by enhancing DNA damage and cell apoptosis. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Masih A, Agnihotri AK, Srivastava JK, Pandey N, Bhat HR, Singh UP. Discovery of novel 1,3,5-triazine as adenosine A 2A receptor antagonist for benefit in Parkinson's disease. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22659. [PMID: 33156955 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neuro-degenerative ailment characterized by impairment in various motor and nonmotor functions of the body. In the past few years, adenosine A2 A receptor (A2 AR) antagonists have attracted much attention due to significant relief in PD. Therefore, in the current study, we intend to disclose the development of novel 1,3,5-triazines as A2 AR antagonist. The radioligand binding and selectivity of analogs were tested in HEK293 (human embryonic kidney) and the cells were transfected with pcDNA 3.1(+) containing full-length human A2 AR cDNA and pcDNA 3.1(+) containing full-length human A1 R cDNA, where they exhibit selective affinity for A2 AR. Molecular docking analysis was also conducted to rationalize the probable mode of action, binding affinity, and orientation of the most potent molecule (7c) at the active site of A2 AR. It has been shown that compound 7c form numerous nonbonded interactions in the active site of A2 AR by interacting with Ala59, Ala63, Ile80, Val84 Glu169, Phe168, Met270, and Ile274. The study revealed 1,3,5-triazines as a novel class of A2 AR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Masih
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amol K Agnihotri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jitendra K Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Pandey
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Hans R Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Udaya P Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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32
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Masih A, Agnihotri AK, Srivastava JK, Pandey N, Bhat HR, Singh UP. Discovery of novel pyrazole derivatives as a potent anti-inflammatory agent in RAW264.7 cells via inhibition of NF-ĸB for possible benefit against SARS-CoV-2. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22656. [PMID: 33094891 PMCID: PMC7645950 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to unavailability of a specific drug/vaccine to attenuate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the current strategy to combat the infection has been largely dependent upon the use of anti-inflammatory drugs to control cytokines storm responsible for respiratory depression. Thus, in this study, we discovered novel pyrazole analogs as a potent nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ĸB) inhibitor. The compounds were assessed for NF-ĸB transcriptional inhibitory activity in RAW264.7 cells after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), revealing Compound 6c as the most potent analog among the tested series. The effect of Compound 6c was further investigated on the levels of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW267.4 cells by enzyme immunoassay, where it causes a significant reduction in the level of these cytokines. In Western blot analysis, Compound 6c also causes the inhibition of inhibitor kappa B-α and NF-κB. It was found to be snugly fitted into the inner grove of the active site of NF-ĸB by forming H-bonds and a nonbonded interaction with Asn28 in a docking analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Masih
- Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amol K Agnihotri
- Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jitendra K Srivastava
- Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Pandey
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Hans R Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Udaya P Singh
- Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Design and development of 1,3,5-triazine-thiadiazole hybrids as potent adenosine A 2A receptor (A 2AR) antagonist for benefit in Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2020; 735:135222. [PMID: 32619652 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Various studies showed adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) antagonists have profound therapeutic efficacy in Parkinsons Disease (PD) by improving dopamine transmission, thus being active in reversing motor deficits and extrapyramidal symptoms related to the disease. Therefore, in the presents study, we have showed the development of novel 1,3,5-triazine-thiadiazole derivative as potent A2ARs antagonist. In the radioligand binding assay, these molecules showed excellent binding affinity with A2AR compared to A1R, with significant selectivity. Results suggest, compound 7e as most potent antagonist of A2AR among the tested series. In docking analysis with A2AR protein model, compound 7e found to be deeply buried into the cavity of receptor lined via making numerous interatomic contacts with His264, Tyr271, His278, Glu169, Ala63, Val84, Ile274, Met270, Phe169. Collectively, our study demonstrated 1,3,5-triazine-thiadiazole hybrid as a highly effective scaffold for the design of new A2A antagonists.
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Prasher P, Sharma M, Aljabali AAA, Gupta G, Negi P, Kapoor DN, Singh I, Zacconi FC, Jesus Andreoli Pinto T, Silva MW, Bakshi HA, Chellappan DK, Tambuwala MM, Dua K. Hybrid molecules based on 1,3,5‐triazine as potential therapeutics: A focused review. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:837-858. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parteek Prasher
- UGC‐Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar India
- Department of Chemistry University of Petroleum & Energy Studies Dehradun India
| | - Mousmee Sharma
- UGC‐Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar India
- Department of Chemistry Uttaranchal University Dehradun India
| | - Alaa A. A. Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University Irbid Jordan
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy Suresh Gyan Vihar University Jaipur India
| | - Poonam Negi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan India
| | - Deepak N. Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan India
| | - Inderbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy Chitkara University Punjab India
| | - Flavia C. Zacconi
- Departamento de Organica, faculdad de Quimica y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | | | - Mateus Webba Silva
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Ulster University Coleraine United Kingdom
| | - Hamid A. Bakshi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Ulster University Coleraine United Kingdom
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy International Medical University Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Ulster University Coleraine United Kingdom
| | - Kamal Dua
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan India
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health University of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) & School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy University of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales Australia
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia
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35
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Masih A, Shrivastava JK, Bhat HR, Singh UP. Potent antibacterial activity of dihydydropyrimidine-1,3,5-triazines via inhibition of DNA gyrase and antifungal activity with favourable metabolic profile. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 96:861-869. [PMID: 32333828 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The compounds were tested against panel of three Gram-positive, viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and three Gram-negative bacterial strains viz. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris where they showed significant to moderate antibacterial activity. The compound also showed considerable antibiofilm activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis. The most potent compounds 7l and 7m found bacteriostatic in time-kill assay via inhibition of DNA gyrase enzyme and interacting with Glu58, Val130, Ile175 and Ile186 via numerous H-bonds as revealed by docking. In S. aureus-induced murine infection model, compound 7m showed dose-dependent reduction of viability of bacteria with maximum activity in 25 mg/kg treated group. The antifungal activity against human fungal pathogens was also estimated, where these compounds showed considerable inhibitory activity as compared to standard. The metabolic liability of compound 7m was determined using RS-Predictor and MetaPrint 2D React. The molecules were proved as effective antibacterial agent via inhibition of DNA gyrase as a mechanism together with significant antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Masih
- Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Shrivastava
- Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, India
| | - Hans Raj Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Udaya Pratap Singh
- Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, India
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Verma T, Sinha M, Bansal N. Heterocyclic Compounds Bearing Triazine Scaffold and Their Biological Significance: A Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:4-28. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191028111351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Benzene is a six-membered hydrocarbon ring system and if three carbon-hydrogen units of benzene ring are replaced by nitrogen atoms then triazine is formed. Triazines are present in three isomeric forms 1,2,3- triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, and 1,3,5-triazine according to the position of the nitrogen atom. These are weak bases having weaker resonance energy than benzene, so nucleophilic substitution is preferred than electrophilic substitution. Triazine is an interesting class of heterocyclic compounds in medicinal chemistry. Numerous synthetic derivatives of triazine have been prepared and evaluated for a wide spectrum of biological activities in different models with desired findings such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-cancer, antiviral, antimalarial, antiinflammatory, antiulcer, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, insecticidal and herbicidal agents. Triazine analogs have exposed potent pharmacological activity. So, triazine nucleus may be considered as an interesting core moiety for researchers for the development of future drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarawanti Verma
- I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University (IKGPTU), Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Manish Sinha
- Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Nitin Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, BELA, Ropar, Punjab, India
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37
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Adhikari N, Kashyap A, Shakya A, Ghosh SK, Bhattacharyya DR, Bhat HR, Singh UP. Microwave assisted synthesis, docking and antimalarial evaluation of hybrid PABA‐substituted 1,3,5‐triazine derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nayana Adhikari
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesDibrugarh University Dibrugarh India
| | - Ankita Kashyap
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesDibrugarh University Dibrugarh India
| | - Anshul Shakya
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesDibrugarh University Dibrugarh India
| | | | | | - Hans Raj Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesDibrugarh University Dibrugarh India
| | - Udaya Pratap Singh
- Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences Allahabad India
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Pratama MRF, Poerwono H, Siswodihardjo S. Molecular docking of novel 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives as wild type and L858R/T790M/V948R mutant EGFR inhibitor. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 30:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2019-0301/jbcpp-2019-0301.xml. [PMID: 31855568 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives is a potential anti-breast cancer, with the highest potential being the HER2 inhibitors, is a protein's member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. Overexpression of EGFR itself is known to be one of the causes of other cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thus, it is possible that 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives can also inhibit the overexpression of EGFR in NSCLC. In the case of NSCLC, mutations of EGFR are often found in several amino acids, such as L858R, T790M, and V948R. This study aimed to determine the potential of 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives as an inhibitor of wild type and L858R/T790M/V948R-mutant EGFR. Methods Docking was performed using AutoDock Vina 1.1.2 on both wild type and L858R/T790M/V948R-mutant EGFR. Parameters observed, consisted of free energy of binding (ΔG) and amino acid interactions of each ligand. Results Docking results showed that all 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives showed a lower ΔG for both wild type and L858R/T790M/V948R-mutant EGFR, with the lowest ΔG shown by 4-methyl-5-O-benzoylpinostrobin and 4-trifluoromethyl-5-O-benzoylpinostrobin. Both the ligands have the similarity of interacting amino acids compared to reference ligands between 76.47 and 88.24%. Specifically, the ΔG of all test ligands was lower in mutant EGFR than in the wild type, which indicates the potential of the ligand as EGFR inhibitors where a mutation to EGFR occurs. Conclusions These results confirm that 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives have the potential to inhibit EGFR in both wild type and L858R/T790M/V948R-mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rizki Fadhil Pratama
- Universitas Airlangga, Doctoral Program of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kampus C UNAIR Jl Dr Ir H Soekarno Mulyorejo Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Hadi Poerwono
- Universitas Airlangga, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kampus C UNAIR Jl Dr Ir H Soekarno Mulyorejo Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Siswandono Siswodihardjo
- Universitas Airlangga, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kampus C UNAIR Jl Dr Ir H Soekarno Mulyorejo Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhang J, Gu R, Han S. An alternatively metal-free synthesis of 1,3,5-triazines or 1,2,4-thiadiazoles from benzyl chlorides and benzylamines mediated by elemental sulfur. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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40
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Chemopreventive effect of the polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa in colitis-associated colorectal cancer by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin/GSK-3β signaling pathway in C57BL/6 mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Kausar MA, Ali A, Qiblawi S, Shahid SMA, Izhari MA, saral A. Molecular docking based design of Dengue NS5 methyltransferase inhibitors. Bioinformation 2019; 15:394-401. [PMID: 31312076 PMCID: PMC6614123 DOI: 10.6026/97320630015394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a viral infection caused by RNA infection of the family Flaviviridae and spread by the Aedes mosquitoes. Dengue NS5 methyltransferase is a known drug target for the disease. Therefore, it is of interest to design potential inhibitors for the target using molecular docking analysis. Our analysis shows the binding of compounds STOCK1N-98943, STOCK1N-98872, STOCK1N-98956, STOCK1N-98865, and STOCK1N-98950 with the protein drug target with optimal binding features for further in vitro and in vivo evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abrar Ali
- College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, KSA
| | | | - SMA Shahid
- College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, KSA
| | - Mohammad Asrar Izhari
- Department of Laboratory Medicine College of Applied Medical Science, Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anamika saral
- School of studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Synthesis, X-Ray Crystal Structures, and Preliminary Antiproliferative Activities of New s-Triazine-hydroxybenzylidene Hydrazone Derivatives. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/9403908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report a new small library of Schiff-base compounds that encompasses s-triazine and (2 or 4)-hydroxylbenzylidene derivatives. These compounds were synthesized through a hydrazone linkage connecting both the s-triazine and hydroxybenzylidene derivatives. The synthetic strategy adopted allowed the synthesis of the target compounds with excellent yields and purities as observed from their NMR (1H and 13C) and elemental analysis. Furthermore, 4f, 5b, and 5f were further confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction technique. The preliminary antiproliferative activities for the synthesized compounds were tested against two different cancer cell lines including breast cancer (MCF-7) and colon cancer (HCT-116). From the eighteen compounds, which have been examined, only two derivatives having piperidine moiety showed more selectivity against the two cell lines MCF-7 and HCT-116, while the others showed very weak activity. The position of the hydroxyl group in the benzylidine ring and the substituent on the s-triazine moiety has great effect on the activity of the prepared compounds. The IC50 values for the two derivatives 4a and 5a evaluated against breast cancer cells, very close to those for the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin, are 27 µM (13.3 µg/mL), 17 µM (8.4 µg/mL), and 20 µM (6 µg/mL) for 4a, 5a, and cisplatin, respectively. These results propose the preliminary antiproliferative activity of these two derivatives may deserve further consideration for development of new derivatives as potent anticancer agents.
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Farooq M, Sharma A, Almarhoon Z, Al-Dhfyan A, El-Faham A, Taha NA, Wadaan MAM, Torre BGDL, Albericio F. Design and synthesis of mono-and di-pyrazolyl-s-triazine derivatives, their anticancer profile in human cancer cell lines, and in vivo toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:457-464. [PMID: 30927586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
s-Triazine is considered a privileged structure, as it is found in several FDA-approved drugs. In the framework of our ongoing medicinal chemistry project based on the use of s-triazine as a scaffold, we synthesized a series of mono- and di-pyrazolyl-s-triazine derivatives and tested them against four human cancer cell lines, namely Human breast carcinoma (MCF 7 and MDA-MB-231), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), colorectal carcinoma (LoVo), and leukemia (K562). The cell viability assay revealed that most of the s-triazine compounds induced cytotoxicity in all four types of human cancer cell lines, however, compounds 4a, and 6g, both of them have a piperidine moiety in their structure were most effective. These two compounds affected the cell viability of cancer cells, with IC50 values within the range between 5 to 9 µM. The cell cycle analysis showed that 4a and 6g induced S and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in K562 cells. This could be the mechanism by which these molecules induced cytotoxicity in tested cancer cells. The prepared compounds were tested in zebrafish embryos to evaluate in vivo and developmental toxicity of the pyrazolyl-s-triazine derivatives in animals. None of the derivatives were lethal in the concentration range tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq
- Bioproducts Research Chair, College of Science, Department of Zoology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anamika Sharma
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Zainab Almarhoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abudalla Al-Dhfyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Stem Cell & Tissue Re-Engineering, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria 21321, Egypt.
| | - Nael Abu Taha
- Bioproducts Research Chair, College of Science, Department of Zoology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A M Wadaan
- Bioproducts Research Chair, College of Science, Department of Zoology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa; KRISP, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa; Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1-11, Barcelona 08028, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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Yan W, Zhao Y, He J. Anti‑breast cancer activity of selected 1,3,5‑triazines via modulation of EGFR‑TK. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4175-4184. [PMID: 30152850 PMCID: PMC6172377 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of certain 1,3,5‑triazine derivatives on epidermal growth factor receptor‑tyrosine kinase (EGFR‑TK). The results suggested that 1,3,5‑triazine derivatives exhibited optimal drug likeness via molinspiration and proved to be effective drug candidates as potential anticancer agents. The molecules were demonstrated to interact with key catalytic residues of EGFR, including Asn818, Lys721, Leu694, Val702 and Met742 as demonstrated in molecular docking experiments. Compound 1d was demonstrated to be the most potent analogue with an inhibitory constant of 0.44 nM, against EGFR‑TK in in‑vitro enzyme inhibition assay. Compound 1d was further evaluated for its effect on the cellular viability of three breast cancer cell lines, including highly metastatic MDAMB231, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‑positive BT474 and estrogen receptorpositive MCF7 cells, using an MTT assay and apoptosis analysis. Western blot analysis was performed to examine the levels of β‑catenin in the control and treated cells. Based on the findings of the current study, the chemical 1,3,5‑triazine series are potential novel inhibitors of EGFR‑TK and β‑catenin signaling, and may be potent anti‑breast cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Yan
- State Key Lab of Mechanical System and Vibration, Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yiyang Zhao
- State Key Lab of Mechanical System and Vibration, Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Jianrong He
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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Makowska A, Sączewski F, Bednarski PJ, Sączewski J, Balewski Ł. Hybrid Molecules Composed of 2,4-Diamino-1,3,5-triazines and 2-Imino-Coumarins and Coumarins. Synthesis and Cytotoxic Properties. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071616. [PMID: 29970833 PMCID: PMC6099606 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 2-imino-2H-chromen-3-yl-1,3,5-triazine compounds 5⁻12, which are namely hybrids of 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazines and 2-imino-coumarins, was synthesized by reacting 2-(4,6-diamine-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)acetonitriles 1⁻4 with 2-hydroxybenzaldehydes. After this, upon heating in aqueous DMF, 2-imino-2H-chromen-3-yl-1,3,5-triazines 10 and 12 were converted into the corresponding 2H-chromen-3-yl-1,3,5-triazines 13 and 14, which are essentially hybrids of 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazines and coumarins. The in vitro anticancer activity of the newly prepared compounds was evaluated against five human cancer cell lines: DAN-G, A-427, LCLC-103H, SISO and RT-4. The greatest cytotoxic activity displayed 4-[7-(diethylamino)-2-imino-2H-chromen-3-yl]-6-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (11, IC50 in the range of 1.51⁻2.60 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Makowska
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Franciszek Sączewski
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Patrick J Bednarski
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, L.-F.-Jahn Str., D-17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Jarosław Sączewski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Balewski
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Quinazoline clubbed 1,3,5-triazine derivatives as VEGFR2 kinase inhibitors: design, synthesis, docking, in vitro cytotoxicity and in ovo antiangiogenic activity. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 26:1441-1453. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ahmed HEA, Ihmaid SK, Omar AM, Shehata AM, Rateb HS, Zayed MF, Ahmed S, Elaasser MM. Design, synthesis, molecular docking of new lipophilic acetamide derivatives affording potential anticancer and antimicrobial agents. Bioorg Chem 2017; 76:332-342. [PMID: 29227917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen new substituted N-2-(2-oxo-3-phenylquinoxalin-1(2H)-yl) acetamides 5a-f, 6a-f, and 8a-c were synthesized by reacting ethyl 2-(2-oxo-3-phenylquinoxalin-1(2H)-yl)acetate with various primary amines including benzylamines, sulfonamides, and amino acids. The in vitro antimicrobial screening of the target compounds was screened to assess their antibacterial and antifungal activity. As a result, seven compounds namely; 5a, 5c, 5d, 6a, 6c, 8b and 8c showed a promising broad spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. Among these, the analogs 5c and 6d were nearly as equiactive as ciprofloxacin drug. Meanwhile, four compounds namely; 5c, 6a, 6f and 8c exhibited appreciable antifungal activity with MIC values range 33-40 mg/mL comparable with clotrimazole (MIC 25 mg/mL). In addition, the anticancer effects of the synthesized compounds were evaluated against three cancer lines. The data obtained revealed the benzylamines and sulpha derivatives were the most active compounds especially 5f and 6f ones. Further EGFR enzymatic investigation was carried out for these most active compounds 5f and 6f resulting in inhibitory activity by 1.89 and 2.05 µM respectively. Docking simulation was performed as a trial to study the mechanisms and binding modes of these compounds toward the enzyme target, EGFR protein kinase enzyme. The results revealed good compounds placement in the active sites and stable interactions similar to the co-crystallized reference ligand. Collectively, the analogs 5f and 6f could be further utilized and optimized as good cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany E A Ahmed
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia; Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Saleh K Ihmaid
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelsattar M Omar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Shehata
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Heba S Rateb
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacy College, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed F Zayed
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Ahmed
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia; Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Elaasser
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang X, Yi Y, Lv Q, Zhang J, Wu K, Wu W, Zhang W. Novel 1,3,5-triazine derivatives exert potent anti-cervical cancer effects by modulating Bax, Bcl2 and Caspases expression. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 91:728-734. [PMID: 29068538 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop novel 1,3,5-triazine derivatives as potent anti-cervical cancer agents. The compounds were synthesized in short steps with an excellent yield and characterized via various spectroscopic and analytical methods. A structure-activity relationship study suggested that electron-withdrawing substituents showed greater anticancer activity than electron-donating groups. Compound 7p (p-fluoro) showed the highest activity against cervical cancer cells. In a nude mouse xenograft model inoculated with HeLa cells, 7p showed dose-dependent inhibition of cervical tumour growth. Histopathological examination of excised tumour-bearing tissues showed that 7p improved the microstructure in a dose-dependent manner. Compound 7p also increased the proportions of HeLa cells in G0/G1 and S-phase and significantly decreased that of G2/M-phase. The effects of 7p on C-caspase-3, C-caspase-9, Bcl-2 and Bax expression in HeLa cells were also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuexiong Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiongying Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kejia Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanrong Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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