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Yang QE, Ma X, Li M, Zhao M, Zeng L, He M, Deng H, Liao H, Rensing C, Friman VP, Zhou S, Walsh TR. Evolution of triclosan resistance modulates bacterial permissiveness to multidrug resistance plasmids and phages. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3654. [PMID: 38688912 PMCID: PMC11061290 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The horizontal transfer of plasmids has been recognized as one of the key drivers for the worldwide spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across bacterial pathogens. However, knowledge remain limited about the contribution made by environmental stress on the evolution of bacterial AMR by modulating horizontal acquisition of AMR plasmids and other mobile genetic elements. Here we combined experimental evolution, whole genome sequencing, reverse genetic engineering, and transcriptomics to examine if the evolution of chromosomal AMR to triclosan (TCS) disinfectant has correlated effects on modulating bacterial pathogen (Klebsiella pneumoniae) permissiveness to AMR plasmids and phage susceptibility. Herein, we show that TCS exposure increases the evolvability of K. pneumoniae to evolve TCS-resistant mutants (TRMs) by acquiring mutations and altered expression of several genes previously associated with TCS and antibiotic resistance. Notably, nsrR deletion increases conjugation permissiveness of K. pneumoniae to four AMR plasmids, and enhances susceptibility to various Klebsiella-specific phages through the downregulation of several bacterial defense systems and changes in membrane potential with altered reactive oxygen species response. Our findings suggest that unrestricted use of TCS disinfectant imposes a dual impact on bacterial antibiotic resistance by augmenting both chromosomally and horizontally acquired AMR mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu E Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaodan Ma
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Minchun Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Mengshi Zhao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lingshuang Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Minzhen He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hanpeng Liao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ville-Petri Friman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shungui Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Timothy R Walsh
- Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK.
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2
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Lozovskis P, Skrodenienė E, Jankauskaitė V, Vitkauskienė A. Effect of Graphene Oxide and Silver Nanoparticle Hybrid Composite on Acinetobacter baumannii Strains, Regarding Antibiotic Resistance and Prevalence of AMP-C Production. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1819. [PMID: 37893537 PMCID: PMC10608631 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Growing antibiotic resistance among bacteria is a global issue that is becoming harder and more expensive to solve. Traditional treatment options are becoming less effective, causing more fatal outcomes of nosocomial infections. Since the development of new antibiotics has stagnated in the last decade, a novel approach is needed. Materials and Methods: Graphene-based materials are being developed and tested for various applications, and the medical field is no exception. We tested 98 clinical A. baumannii strains for antibiotic resistance, AMP-C production and the effectiveness of a graphene oxide and silver nanoparticle hybrid nanocomposite. The disc diffusion method was used to determine antibiotic susceptibility results. Antibiotic discs containing cefotaxime, cloxacillin and clavulanate were used to detect AMP-C production. The effectiveness of the GO-Ag hybrid nanocomposite was determined by counting colony forming units (CFUs) after a suspension of A. baumannii and the GO-Ag hybrid nanocomposite was plated on MH agar and incubated overnight to grow colonies. Results: In our research, we found that A. baumannii strains are resistant to the majority of commonly used antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance levels and AMP-C production can be factors, indicating the better effectiveness of the graphene oxide and silver nanoparticle hybrid nanocomposite. Conclusions: In this study, a GO-Ag hybrid nanocomposite was shown to have the potential to fight even the most problematic bacteria like A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Povilas Lozovskis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaunas Klinikos, The Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Erika Skrodenienė
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaunas Klinikos, The Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Virginija Jankauskaitė
- Department of Production Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, 51424 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Astra Vitkauskienė
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaunas Klinikos, The Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.S.); (A.V.)
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3
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Bala A, Uhlin BE, Karah N. Insights into the genetic contexts of sulfonamide resistance among early clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 112:105444. [PMID: 37210019 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Since the late 1930s, resistance to sulfonamides has been accumulating across bacterial species including Acinetobacter baumannii, an opportunistic pathogen increasingly implicated the spread of antimicrobial resistance worldwide. Our study aimed to explore events involved in the acquisition of sulfonamide resistance genes, particularly sul2, among the earliest available isolates of A. baumannii. The study utilized the genomic data of 19 strains of A. baumannii isolated before 1985. The whole genomes of 5 clinical isolates obtained from the Culture Collection University of Göteborg (CCUG), Sweden, were sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq system. Acquired resistance genes, insertion sequence elements and plasmids were detected using ResFinder, ISfinder and Plasmidseeker, respectively, while sequence types (STs) were assigned using the PubMLST Pasteur scheme. BLASTn was used to verify the occurrence of sul genes and to map their genetic surroundings. The sul1 and sul2 genes were detected in 4 and 9 isolates, respectively. Interestingly, sul2 appeared thirty years earlier than sul1. The sul2 gene was first located in the genomic island GIsul2 located on a plasmid, hereafter called NCTC7364p. With the emergence of international clone 1, the genetic context of sul2 evolved toward transposon Tn6172, which was also plasmid-mediated. Sulfonamide resistance in A. baumannii was efficiently acquired and transferred vertically, e.g., among the ST52 and ST1 isolates, as well as horizontally among non-related strains by means of a few efficient transposons and plasmids. Timely acquisition of the sul genes has probably contributed to the survival skill of A. baumannii under the high antimicrobial stress of hospital settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Bala
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Bernt Eric Uhlin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nabil Karah
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
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4
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Gorzynski M, De Ville K, Week T, Jaramillo T, Danelishvili L. Understanding the Phage-Host Interaction Mechanism toward Improving the Efficacy of Current Antibiotics in Mycobacterium abscessus. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051379. [PMID: 37239050 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary infections caused by Mycobacterium abscessus (MAB) have been increasing in incidence in recent years, leading to chronic and many times fatal infections due to MAB's natural resistance to most available antimicrobials. The use of bacteriophages (phages) in clinics is emerging as a novel treatment strategy to save the lives of patients suffering from drug-resistant, chronic, and disseminated infections. The substantial research indicates that phage-antibiotic combination therapy can display synergy and be clinically more effective than phage therapy alone. However, there is limited knowledge in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms in phage-mycobacteria interaction and the synergism of phage-antibiotic combinations. We generated the lytic mycobacteriophage library and studied phage specificity and the host range in MAB clinical isolates and characterized the phage's ability to lyse the pathogen under various environmental and mammalian host stress conditions. Our results indicate that phage lytic efficiency is altered by environmental conditions, especially in conditions of biofilm and intracellular states of MAB. By utilizing the MAB gene knockout mutants of the MAB_0937c/MmpL10 drug efflux pump and MAB_0939/pks polyketide synthase enzyme, we discovered the surface glycolipid diacyltrehalose/polyacyltrehalose (DAT/PAT) as one of the major primary phage receptors in mycobacteria. We also established a set of phages that alter the MmpL10 multidrug efflux pump function in MAB through an evolutionary trade-off mechanism. The combination of these phages with antibiotics significantly decreases the number of viable bacteria when compared to phage or antibiotic-alone treatments. This study deepens our understanding of phage-mycobacteria interaction mechanisms and identifies therapeutic phages that can lower bacterial fitness by impairing an antibiotic efflux function and attenuating the MAB intrinsic resistance mechanism via targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylene Gorzynski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Katalla De Ville
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Tiana Week
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Tiana Jaramillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Lia Danelishvili
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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5
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Shadan A, Pathak A, Ma Y, Pathania R, Singh RP. Deciphering the virulence factors, regulation, and immune response to Acinetobacter baumannii infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1053968. [PMID: 36968113 PMCID: PMC10038080 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1053968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the virulence factors, regulation, and immune response to Acinetobacter baumannii infectionAcinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogen and a major cause of hospital acquired infetions. Carbapenem resistant A. baumannii has been categorised as a Priority1 critial pathogen by the World Health Organisation. A. baumannii is responsible for infections in hospital settings, clinical sectors, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and bloodstream infections with a mortality rates up to 35%. With the development of advanced genome sequencing, molecular mechanisms of manipulating bacterial genomes, and animal infection studies, it has become more convenient to identify the factors that play a major role in A. baumannii infection and its persistence. In the present review, we have explored the mechanism of infection, virulence factors, and various other factors associated with the pathogenesis of this organism. Additionally, the role of the innate and adaptive immune response, and the current progress in the development of innovative strategies to combat this multidrug-resistant pathogen is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreen Shadan
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Avik Pathak
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - Ying Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Ma, ; Ranjana Pathania, ; Rajnish Prakash Singh,
| | - Ranjana Pathania
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
- *Correspondence: Ying Ma, ; Ranjana Pathania, ; Rajnish Prakash Singh,
| | - Rajnish Prakash Singh
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
- *Correspondence: Ying Ma, ; Ranjana Pathania, ; Rajnish Prakash Singh,
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6
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Singaravelu D, Binjawhar DN, Ameen F, Veerappan A. Lectin-Fortified Cationic Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles Gain Dual Targeting Capabilities to Treat Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infection. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:43934-43944. [PMID: 36506188 PMCID: PMC9730473 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery maximizes the chance to combat infection caused by drug-resistant pathogens. Herein, lectin-fortified cationic copper sulfide (cCuS) nanoparticles were suggested for targeted adhesion to bacterial membranes and to enforce bacterial death. Jacalin, a lectin from jackfruit seed, was conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and its ability to recognize bacterial cell surface glycans was demonstrated. Jacalin formed a noncovalent complex with cCuS, which was investigated by fluorescence quenching measurements. The data revealed that jacalin-cCuS (JcCuS) had a good affinity with an association constant K a of 2.27 (± 0.28) × 104 M-1. The resultant JcCuS complex displayed excellent anti-infective activity against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cCuS was 62.5 μM, which was 2-fold lower than that of the broad-spectrum antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Interestingly, the MIC of JcCuS was reduced to 15.63 μM, which was attributed to jacalin fortification. The mechanistic study unveiled that JcCuS affected the membrane integrity, depolarized the inner membrane, and produced excess reactive oxygen species to combat CRAB at a lower concentration compared to cCuS. A. baumannii formed a biofilm more readily, which played a critical role in pathogenesis and resistance in clinical settings. JcCuS (3.91 μM) displayed stronger antibiofilm activity without affecting the metabolic viability of CRAB. Microscopy analyses confirmed the inhibition of biofilm formation and disruption of the mature biofilm upon treatment with JcCuS. Furthermore, JcCuS hindered pellicle formation and inhibited the biofilm-associated virulence factor of CRAB such as exopolysaccharide, cell surface hydrophobicity, swarming, and twitching mobility. The anti-infective potential of JcCuS was demonstrated by rescuing CRAB-infected zebrafish. The reduction in pathogen proliferation in muscle tissues was observed in the treated group, and the fish recovered from the infection and was restored to normal life within 12 h. The findings illustrate that lectin fortification offers a unique advantage in enhancing the therapeutic potential of antimicrobials against human pathogens of critical priority worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharshini
Karnan Singaravelu
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, Shanmugha Arts,
Science, Technology & Research Academy
(SASTRA) Deemed University, Thanjavur613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dalal Nasser Binjawhar
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh11671, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anbazhagan Veerappan
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, Shanmugha Arts,
Science, Technology & Research Academy
(SASTRA) Deemed University, Thanjavur613401, Tamil Nadu, India
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7
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The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections among the Iranian ICU patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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8
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Afeke I, Adu-Amankwaah J, Nyarko M, Bushi A, Ablordey AS, Duah PA, I Wowui P, Orish VN. Acinetobacter baumannii-induced infective endocarditis: new insights into pathophysiology and antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:1335-1344. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE), characterized by inflammation of the endocardial surface of the heart and its valves, results from infections caused by Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Acinetobacter species and less commonly fungi. Acinetobacter-induced IE is a relatively rare condition with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Notably, its mortality rate is greater than that of endocarditis induced by Haemophilus species, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens and Kingella kingae. Although it is rare, Acinetobacter-induced IE caused by A. baumannii might bring unique therapeutic challenges such as increased antibiotic resistance. Therefore, it is vital to understand perfectly the possible pathophysiologic and antibiotic resistance mechanisms adopted by A. baumannii during IE. This review discusses the probable underlying pathomechanisms involved in A. baumannii-induced IE and highlights the potential antibiotic resistance mechanisms, suggesting therapeutic targets for A. baumannii-induced IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Afeke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health & Allied Sciences, PM 31, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana
| | - Joseph Adu-Amankwaah
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Mary Nyarko
- Department of Nursing & Midwifery, Pentecost University, Sowutuom, Ghana
| | - Aisha Bushi
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Anthony S Ablordey
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Priscilla A Duah
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Prosperl I Wowui
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Verner N Orish
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Health & Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
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9
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Navid A, Ahmad S, Sajjad R, Raza S, Azam SS. Structure Based in Silico Screening Revealed a Potent Acinetobacter Baumannii Ftsz Inhibitor From Asinex Antibacterial Library. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 19:3008-3018. [PMID: 34375286 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2021.3103899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The superbug Acinetobacter baumannii is an increasingly prevalent pathogen of the intensive care units where its treatment is challenging. The identification of newer drug targets and the development of propitious therapeutics against this pathogen is of utmost importance. A drug target, cell division enzyme (FtsZ), involved in A. baumannii cytokinesis is a promising avenue for antibacterial therapy. Structure based virtual screening illustrated a lead-like molecule from Asinex antibacterial library to have the best binding affinity for the FtsZ active pocket. Computational pharmacokinetics predicted the compound to have the safest pharmacokinetics profile, thus maximizing the chances of the molecule reaching the market with enhanced efficacy and lesser toxicity. Molecular dynamics simulations in an aqueous environment revealed the flexibility of protein loop regions, and upward extension followed by the backward movement of the inhibitor N, N-dimethylpyridazin-3-amine ring on its axis. The active pocket residue Thr310 demonstrated to play significant role in inhibitor binding. The binding free energy predicted by MM/GBSA and MM/PBSA reflected system stability with a total value of -62.15 kcal/mol and -10.60 kcal/mol, respectively. The absolute binding free energy estimated by WaterSwap was -16 kcal/mol that validates and affirms complex stability. The inhibitor represents a promising scaffold as a lead optimization for the FtsZ enzyme.
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10
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Chen LK, Chang JC, Chu HT, Chen YT, Jiang HL, Wang LS, Teh SH, Yang HH, Chen DS, Li YZ, Chang CC, Sankhla D, Tseng CC. Preoptimized phage cocktail for use in aerosols against nosocomial transmission of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: A 3-year prospective intervention study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113476. [PMID: 35367880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Using bacteriophages (phages) as environmental sanitizers has been recognized as a potential alternative method to remove bacterial contamination in vitro; however, very few studies are available on the application of phages for infection control in hospitals. Here, we performed a 3-year prospective intervention study using aerosolized phage cocktails as biocontrol agents against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) infection in the hospital. When a CRAB-infected patient was identified in an intensive care unit (ICU), their surrounding environment was chosen for phage aerosol decontamination. Before decontamination, 501 clinical specimens from the patients were subjected to antibiotic resistance analysis and phage typing. The optimal phage cocktails were a combination of different phage families or were constructed by next-evolutionary phage typing with the highest score for the host lysis zone to prevent the development of environmental CRAB phage resistance. The phage infection percentage of the antibiotic-resistant A. baumannii strains was 97.1%, whereas the infection percentage in the antibiotic-susceptible strains was 79.3%. During the phage decontamination periods from 2017 to 2019, the percentage of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii in test ICUs decreased significantly from 65.3% to 55%. The rate of new acquisitions of CRAB infection over the three years was 4.4 per 1000 patient-days, which was significantly lower than that in the control wards (8.9 per 1000 patient-days) where phage decontamination had never been performed. In conclusion, our results support the potential of phage cocktails to decrease CRAB infection rates, and the aerosol generation process may make this approach more comprehensive and time-saving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Kuang Chen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Diagnostic, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Branch of Clinical Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Jui-Chih Chang
- Department of Surgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 707, Section 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Section 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiu-Tzu Chu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Li Jiang
- Unit of Infection Control and Management, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Lih-Shinn Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Soon-Hian Teh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Hua Yang
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Dar-Sen Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Zhong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Cheng Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Debangana Sankhla
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Chieh Tseng
- Department and Graduate Institute of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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11
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Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Phosphonium Ionic Liquids as Potential Antibacterials of MDR Acinetobacter baumannii. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040491. [PMID: 35453241 PMCID: PMC9025513 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A previously developed model to predict antibacterial activity of ionic liquids against a resistant A. baumannii strain was used to assess activity of phosphonium ionic liquids. Their antioxidant potential was additionally evaluated with newly developed models, which were based on public data. The accuracy of the models was rigorously evaluated using cross-validation as well as test set prediction. Six alkyl triphenylphosphonium and alkyl tributylphosphonium bromides with the C8, C10, and C12 alkyl chain length were synthesized and tested in vitro. Experimental studies confirmed their activity against A. baumannii as well as showed pronounced antioxidant properties. These results suggest that phosphonium ionic liquids could be promising lead structures against A. baumannii.
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12
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Vázquez R, Díez-Martínez R, Domingo-Calap P, García P, Gutiérrez D, Muniesa M, Ruiz-Ruigómez M, Sanjuán R, Tomás M, Tormo-Mas MÁ, García P. Essential Topics for the Regulatory Consideration of Phages as Clinically Valuable Therapeutic Agents: A Perspective from Spain. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040717. [PMID: 35456768 PMCID: PMC9025261 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the major challenges that humankind shall face in the short term. (Bacterio)phage therapy is a valuable therapeutic alternative to antibiotics and, although the concept is almost as old as the discovery of phages, its wide application was hindered in the West by the discovery and development of antibiotics in the mid-twentieth century. However, research on phage therapy is currently experiencing a renaissance due to the antimicrobial resistance problem. Some countries are already adopting new ad hoc regulations to favor the short-term implantation of phage therapy in clinical practice. In this regard, the Phage Therapy Work Group from FAGOMA (Spanish Network of Bacteriophages and Transducing Elements) recently contacted the Spanish Drugs and Medical Devices Agency (AEMPS) to promote the regulation of phage therapy in Spain. As a result, FAGOMA was asked to provide a general view on key issues regarding phage therapy legislation. This review comes as the culmination of the FAGOMA initiative and aims at appropriately informing the regulatory debate on phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Vázquez
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | | | - Pilar Domingo-Calap
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Valencia-CSIC, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (P.D.-C.); (R.S.)
| | - Pedro García
- Center for Biological Research Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Diana Gutiérrez
- Telum Therapeutics SL, 31110 Noáin, Spain; (R.D.-M.); (D.G.)
| | - Maite Muniesa
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - María Ruiz-Ruigómez
- Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rafael Sanjuán
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Valencia-CSIC, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (P.D.-C.); (R.S.)
| | - María Tomás
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de A Coruña (INIBIC-CHUAC, SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
- Study Group on Mechanisms of Action and Resistance to Antimicrobials (GEMARA) on behalf of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC), 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI), 41071 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Tormo-Mas
- Severe Infection Group, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, IISLaFe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Pilar García
- Dairy Research Institute of Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
- DairySafe Group, Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Increasing antimicrobial resistance and medical device-related infections have led to a renewed interest in phage therapy as an alternative or adjunct to conventional antimicrobials. Expanded access and compassionate use cases have risen exponentially but have varied widely in approach, methodology, and clinical situations in which phage therapy might be considered. Large gaps in knowledge contribute to heterogeneity in approach and lack of consensus in many important clinical areas. The Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group (ARLG) has convened a panel of experts in phage therapy, clinical microbiology, infectious diseases, and pharmacology, who worked with regulatory experts and a funding agency to identify questions based on a clinical framework and divided them into three themes: potential clinical situations in which phage therapy might be considered, laboratory testing, and pharmacokinetic considerations. Suggestions are provided as answers to a series of questions intended to inform clinicians considering experimental phage therapy for patients in their clinical practices.
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Abstract
Rising antimicrobial resistance severely limits efforts to treat infections and is a cause for critical concern. Renewed interest in bacteriophage therapy has advanced understanding of the breadth of species capable of targeting bacterial antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, but many questions concerning ideal application remain unanswered. The following minireview examines bacterial resistance mechanisms, the current state of bacteriophage therapy, and how bacteriophage therapy can augment strategies to combat resistance with a focus on the clinically relevant bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as the role of efflux pumps in antimicrobial resistance. Methods to prevent antimicrobial efflux using efflux pump inhibitors and phage steering, a type of bacteriophage therapy, are also covered. The evolutionary context underlying antimicrobial resistance and the need to include theory in the ongoing development of bacteriophage therapy are also discussed.
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Chang KY, Wu PC, Lee CH, Lee YC, Chen HC, Huang WC, Wu MF. Clinical Features and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii Complex Isolates in Intensive Care Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Taiwan. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:1801-1811. [PMID: 34168441 PMCID: PMC8216665 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s311714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Little is known about the features and implications of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and Acinetobacter baumannii complex (ABC) isolates discovered in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and admission to an intensive care unit. Thus, our study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibilities of PA and ABC isolates cultured from endotracheal aspirates (EAs) in such population. Patients and Methods In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, clinical data from medical records were reviewed and collected for analysis. Results Of the 262 participants, 17.2% (45/262), 11.5% (30/262), and 27.1% (71/262) had PA, ABC, and any of the two isolates discovered from EA cultures, respectively. Patients with PA isolates were associated with poorer lung function (the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) III+IV versus GOLD I+II, odds ratio (OR)=2.39, p= 0.022) and a lower body mass index (per increase of 1 kg/m2, OR= 0.93, p= 0.106) while the former was an independent predictor. Moreover, both subjects with ABC isolates and those with any of these two microorganisms were independently associated with a lower serum albumin level (per increase of 1 g/dL, OR= 0.44, p=0.009 and OR= 0.59, p=0.023, respectively). Participants with PA isolates were more likely to have failed weaning (62.2% versus 44.7%, p= 0.048) and death (28.9% versus 12.4%, p= 0.010) than those without PA isolates. The majority of the PA and ABC isolates were susceptible and resistant to all the tested antimicrobials, respectively, except that tigecycline had a reliable activity against ABC. Conclusion Our findings provide important information to help intensivists make better treatment decisions in critically ill patients with COPD and CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Yun Chang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Chu Wu
- Nursing Department, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiao Lee
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, 350, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Che Lee
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo-Catholic Health, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hui-Chen Chen
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chang Huang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, 350, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.,Master Program for Health Administration, Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Wu
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
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Ferriol-González C, Domingo-Calap P. Phage Therapy in Livestock and Companion Animals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:559. [PMID: 34064754 PMCID: PMC8150778 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The irrational use of antibiotics has led to a high emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The traditional overuse of antibiotics in the animal feed industry plays a crucial role in the emergence of these pathogens that pose both economic and health problems. In addition, antibiotics have also recently experienced an increase to treat companion animal infections, promoting the emergence of MDR bacteria in pets, which can reach humans. Phages have been proposed as an alternative for antibiotics for the treatment of livestock and companion animal infections due to their multiple advantages as adaptative drugs, such as their ability to evolve, to multiply at the site of infections, and their high specificity. Moreover, phage-derived enzymes may also be an interesting approach. However, the lack of regulation for this type of pharmaceutical hinders its potential commercialization. In this review, we summarize the main recent studies on phage therapy in livestock and companion animals, providing an insight into current advances in this area and the future of treatments for bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pilar Domingo-Calap
- Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, I2SysBio, Universitat de València-CSIC, 46980 Valencia, Spain
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Squires RA. Bacteriophage therapy for challenging bacterial infections: achievements, limitations and prospects for future clinical use by veterinary dermatologists. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:587-e158. [PMID: 33870572 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteriophages were discovered just over 100 years ago and have been used to treat bacterial infections in animals since the 1920s. The antimicrobial resistance crisis has led to a new surge of interest in the use of bacteriophage therapy as an alternative or supplement to antimicrobial therapy in humans and other animals. OBJECTIVES To describe the nature of bacteriophages and provide a critical review and update on the clinical use of bacteriophages in the treatment of challenging bacterial infections, with an emphasis on companion animal veterinary applications. METHODS AND MATERIALS The scientific literature on the subject was critically evaluated. Findings from the most pertinent papers have been presented in summary form and critiqued. RESULTS Over the last 20 years there has been a considerable increase in the volume and quality of publications dealing with bacteriophage therapy. Some recent papers build on excellent work published in the 1980s and describe promising veterinary applications. Challenges related particularly to the registration and approval of phage remedies will need to be overcome before phage therapy can become a mainstream tool for use in veterinary settings. Considerably more research, particularly controlled clinical trials, needs to be done. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Bacteriophage therapy is one of the most promising approaches to tackling the looming antimicrobial resistance crisis, yet substantial regulatory challenges will need to be overcome before it enters widespread use. Phage therapy also may, in the future, improve the management of challenging bacterial infections that are not necessarily multidrug-resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Adrian Squires
- Discipline of Veterinary Science, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4814, Australia
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Abstract
Viruses are ubiquitous and abundant in the oceans, and viral metagenomes (viromes) have been investigated extensively via several large-scale ocean sequencing projects. However, there have not been any systematic viromic studies in estuaries. Here, we investigated the viromes of the Delaware Bay and Chesapeake Bay, two Mid-Atlantic estuaries. Deep sequencing generated a total of 48,190 assembled viral sequences (>5 kb) and 26,487 viral populations (9,204 virus clusters and 17,845 singletons), including 319 circular viral contigs between 7.5 kb and 161.8 kb. Unknown viruses represented the vast majority of the dominant populations, while the composition of known viruses, such as pelagiphage and cyanophage, appeared to be relatively consistent across a wide range of salinity gradients and in different seasons. A difference between estuarine and ocean viromes was reflected by the proportions of Myoviridae, Podoviridae, Siphoviridae, Phycodnaviridae, and a few well-studied virus representatives. The difference in viral community between the Delaware Bay and Chesapeake Bay is significantly more pronounced than the difference caused by temperature or salinity, indicating strong local profiles caused by the unique ecology of each estuary. Interestingly, a viral contig similar to phages infecting Acinetobacter baumannii (“Iraqibacter”) was found to be highly abundant in the Delaware Bay but not in the Chesapeake Bay, the source of which is yet to be identified. Highly abundant viruses in both estuaries have close hits to viral sequences derived from the marine single-cell genomes or long-read single-molecule sequencing, suggesting that important viruses are still waiting to be discovered in the estuarine environment. IMPORTANCE This is the first systematic study about spatial and temporal variation of virioplankton communities in estuaries using deep metagenomics sequencing. It is among the highest-quality viromic data sets to date, showing remarkably consistent sequencing depth and quality across samples. Our results indicate that there exists a large pool of abundant and diverse viruses in estuaries that have not yet been cultivated, their genomes only available thanks to single-cell genomics or single-molecule sequencing, demonstrating the importance of these methods for viral discovery. The spatiotemporal pattern of these abundant uncultivated viruses is more variable than that of cultured viruses. Despite strong environmental gradients, season and location had surprisingly little impact on the viral community within an estuary, but we saw a significant distinction between the two estuaries and also between estuarine and open ocean viromes.
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Yang X, Ren H, Zhang H, Liu G, Jiang Z, Qiu Q, Yu C, Murthy N, Zhao K, Lovell JF, Zhang Y. Antibiotic Cross-linked Micelles with Reduced Toxicity for Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Sepsis Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:9630-9642. [PMID: 33616382 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One potential approach to address the rising threat of antibiotic resistance is through novel formulations of established drugs. We designed antibiotic cross-linked micelles (ABC-micelles) by cross-linking the Pluronic F127 block copolymers with an antibiotic itself, via a novel one-pot synthesis in aqueous solution. ABC-micelles enhanced antibiotic encapsulation while also reducing systemic toxicity in mice. Using colistin, a hydrophilic, potent ″last-resort" antibiotic, ABC-micelle encapsulation yield was 80%, with good storage stability. ABC-micelles exhibited an improved safety profile, with a maximum tolerated dose of over 100 mg/kg colistin in mice, at least 16 times higher than the free drug. Colistin-induced nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity were reduced in ABC-micelles by 10-50-fold. Despite reduced toxicity, ABC-micelles preserved bactericidal activity, and the clinically relevant combination of colistin and rifampicin (co-loaded in the micelles) showed a synergistic antimicrobial effect against antibiotic-resistant strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. In a mouse model of sepsis, colistin ABC-micelles showed equivalent efficacy as free colistin but with a substantially higher therapeutic index. Microscopic single-cell imaging of bacteria revealed that ABC-micelles could kill bacteria in a more rapid manner with distinct cell membrane disruption, possibly reflecting a different antimicrobial mechanism from free colistin. This work shows the potential of drug cross-linked micelles as a new class of biomaterials formed from existing antibiotics and represents a new and generalized approach for formulating amine-containing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - He Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Gengqi Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Qian Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Cui Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Niren Murthy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kun Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Yumiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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Unveiling the Potential Threat of Bacterial Oral Flora of Snake in Snake Bite Envenomation. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000000948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kassa T. Bacteriophages Against Pathogenic Bacteria and Possibilities for Future Application in Africa. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:17-31. [PMID: 33442273 PMCID: PMC7797301 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s284331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect prokaryotic cells. Phages exist in many shapes and sizes with the majority of them being less than 100 nm in size. Essentially, the majority of phages identified are double-stranded DNA virions with the remaining few being found as RNA or single-stranded DNA viruses. These biological entities are plentiful in different environments, especially in wet sources. Treatment of a bacterial disease using phage application has been documented in the pre-antibiotic era. Different studies have emerging to value the efficacy of phage use in in-vitro and in-vivo based systems against specific bacterial agents of humans, animals or plant diseases. The process represents a natural and nontoxic framework to avert infections due to pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Most of the published researches on the usefulness of phages against disease-causing bacteria (including antimicrobial-resistant strains) of humans, animals or plants are emerging from the US and European countries with very few studies available from Africa. This review assesses published articles in the area of phage applications against pathogenic or antimicrobial-resistant bacteria from experimental, clinical and field settings. The knowledge and skill of isolating lytic phages against bacteria can be operational for its simpler procedures and economic benefit. Future studies in Africa and other emerging countries may consider in-house phage preparations for effective control and eradication of pathogenic and multidrug resistant bacteria of humans, animals and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Kassa
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Noshadi S, Khodavandi A. Expression analysis of drug-resistant gene (blaOXA-51) in carbapenemases producing Acinetobacter baumannii treated with imipenem/sulbactam combination. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902020000419048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Paul Bhattacharya S, Mitra A, Bhattacharya A, Sen A. Quorum quenching activity of pentacyclic triterpenoids leads to inhibition of biofilm formation by Acinetobacter baumannii. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:922-937. [PMID: 33103466 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1831480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The quorum quenching (QQ) potential of three pentacyclic triterpenoids, glycyrrhetinic acid (GRA), ursolic acid (UA) and betulinic acid (BA), representing distinct groups of compounds, was evaluated. Violacein production by Chromobacterium violaceum and pyocyanin production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were severely affected by GRA, UA and BA, suggesting a perturbation of N-acyl homoserine lactone (ASL) based signaling. Molecular docking analysis revealed a possible interaction between ASL-synthase and ASL-dependent transcriptional activator homologs from P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii with common binding pockets for GRA, UA and BA. The triterpenoids inhibited biofilm formation by A. baumannii and affected the overall structure of biofilms. When administered in combination, two of the three molecules fostered antibiotic action against A. baumannii biofilms, widening the scope for developing novel combinations against the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akash Mitra
- Department of Microbiology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Aparna Sen
- Department of Microbiology, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata, India
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Lamiyan AK, Dalal R, Kumar NR. Venom peptides in association with standard drugs: a novel strategy for combating antibiotic resistance - an overview. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2020; 26:e20200001. [PMID: 32843888 PMCID: PMC7416788 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of antibiotic resistance that leads to resurgence of bacterial infections poses a threat to disease-free existence for humankind and is a challenge for the welfare of the society at large. Despite research efforts directed towards treatment of pathogens, antibiotics within new improved classes have not emerged for years, a fact largely attributable to the pharmacological necessities compelling drug development. Recent reversion to the use of natural products alone or in combination with standard drugs has opened up new vistas for alternative therapeutics. The success of this strategy is evident in the sudden interest in plant extracts as additives/synergists for treatment of maladies caused by drug-resistant bacterial strains. Animal venoms have long fascinated scientists as sources of pharmacologically active components that can be exploited for the treatment of specific ailments and should be promoted further to clinical trials. In the present review, we outline the scope and possible methods for the applications of animal venoms in combination with commercial antibiotics to offer a better treatment approach against antibiotic-resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramkesh Dalal
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Rodjun V, Houngsaitong J, Montakantikul P, Paiboonvong T, Khuntayaporn P, Yanyongchaikit P, Sriyant P. In Vitro Activities of Colistin and Sitafloxacin Combinations against Multidrug-, Carbapenem-, and Colistin-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Using the Broth Microdilution Checkerboard and Time-Kill Methods. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9080516. [PMID: 32823820 PMCID: PMC7459680 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) infections are a critical global problem, with limited treatment choices. This study aims to determine the in vitro activities of colistin–sitafloxacin combinations against multidrug-, carbapenem- and colistin-resistant A. baumannii (MDR-AB, CRAB, CoR-AB, respectively) clinical isolates from tertiary care hospitals. We used the broth microdilution checkerboard and time-kill methods in this study. Synergy was found using both methods. The colistin–sitafloxacin combination showed synergy in MDR-AB, CRAB, and CoR-AB isolates (3.4%, 3.1%, and 20.9%, respectively). No antagonism was found in any type of drug-resistant isolate. The majority of CoR-AB isolates became susceptible to colistin (95.4%). The time-kill method also showed that this combination could suppress regrowth back to the initial inocula of all representative isolates. Our results demonstrated that the colistin–sitafloxacin combination might be an interesting option for the treatment of drug-resistant A. baumannii. However, further in vivo and clinical studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipavee Rodjun
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Siam University, Bangkok 10160, Thailand;
| | - Jantana Houngsaitong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.M.); (P.K.); (P.Y.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2644-8694
| | - Preecha Montakantikul
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.M.); (P.K.); (P.Y.); (P.S.)
| | | | - Piyatip Khuntayaporn
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.M.); (P.K.); (P.Y.); (P.S.)
| | | | - Pusana Sriyant
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.M.); (P.K.); (P.Y.); (P.S.)
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Weinberg SE, Villedieu A, Bagdasarian N, Karah N, Teare L, Elamin WF. Control and management of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: A review of the evidence and proposal of novel approaches. Infect Prev Pract 2020; 2:100077. [PMID: 34368717 PMCID: PMC8336160 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2020.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hospital-acquired infections are on the rise and are a substantial cause of clinical and financial burden for healthcare systems. While infection control plays a major role in curtailing the spread of outbreak organisms, it is not always successful. One organism of particular concern is Acinetobacter baumannii, due to both its persistence in the hospital setting and its ability to acquire antibiotic resistance. A. baumannii has emerged as a nosocomial pathogen that exhibits high levels of resistance to antibiotics, and remains resilient against traditional cleaning measures with resistance to Colistin increasingly reported. Given the magnitude and costs associated with hospital acquired infections, and the increase in multidrug-resistant organisms, it is worth re-evaluating our current approaches and looking for alternatives or adjuncts to traditional antibiotics therapies. The aims of this review are to look at how this organism is spread within the hospital setting, discuss current treatment modalities, and propose alternative methods of outbreak management.
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Key Words
- ABC, A.baumannii complex
- AMP, Antimicrobial peptides
- Acinetobacter baumannii
- Antimicrobial peptide
- Bacteriophage
- CRAB, carbapenem-resistant A.baumannii
- Colistin
- EPIC, Extended Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care study
- EU/EEA, European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA) countries
- FMT, faecal microbiota transplantation
- HPV, Hydrogen peroxide vapour
- MDR-AB, Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
- MDR-GNB, Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria
- MIC, minimal inhibitory concentrations
- Microbiome restoration
- Multidrug-resistance
- SOAP, Sepsis in European ICUs study
- UVC, UV-C light
- XDR, Extensively-drug resistant
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Weinberg
- Department of Microbiology, Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - A Villedieu
- Department of Microbiology, Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | | | - N Karah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Sweden
| | - L Teare
- Department of Microbiology, Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - W F Elamin
- Department of Microbiology, Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust, United Kingdom.,King's College Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Milionis A, Tripathy A, Donati M, Sharma CS, Pan F, Maniura-Weber K, Ren Q, Poulikakos D. Water-Based Scalable Methods for Self-Cleaning Antibacterial ZnO-Nanostructured Surfaces. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020; 59:14323-14333. [PMID: 32831473 PMCID: PMC7434054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Bacterial
colonization poses significant health risks, such as
infestation of surfaces in biomedical applications and clean water
unavailability. If maintaining the surrounding water clean is a target,
developing surfaces with strong bactericidal action, which is facilitated
by bacterial access to the surface and mixing, can be a solution.
On the other hand, if sustenance of a surface free of bacteria is
the goal, developing surfaces with ultralow bacterial adhesion often
suffices. Here we report a facile, scalable, and environmentally benign
strategy that delivers customized surfaces for these challenges. For
bactericidal action, nanostructures of inherently antibacterial ZnO,
through simple immersion of zinc in hot water, are fabricated. The
resulting nanostructured surface exhibits extreme bactericidal effectiveness
(9250 cells cm–2 h–1) that eliminates
bacteria in direct contact and also remotely through the action of
reactive oxygen species. Remarkably, the remote bactericidal action
is achieved without the need for any illumination, otherwise required
in conventional approaches. As a result, ZnO nanostructures yield
outstanding water disinfection of >99.98%, in the dark, by inactivating
the bacteria within 3 h. Moreover, Zn2+ released to the
aqueous medium from the nanostructured ZnO surface have a concentration
of 0.73 ± 0.15 ppm, markedly below the legal limit for safe drinking
water (5–6 ppm). The same nanostructures, when hydrophobized
(through a water-based or fluorine-free spray process), exhibit strong
bacterial repulsion, thus substantially reducing bacterial adhesion.
Such environmentally benign and scalable methods showcase pathways
toward inhibiting surface bacterial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Milionis
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Abinash Tripathy
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Donati
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chander Shekhar Sharma
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fei Pan
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Maniura-Weber
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Qun Ren
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Dimos Poulikakos
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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28
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Vázquez-López R, Solano-Gálvez SG, Juárez Vignon-Whaley JJ, Abello Vaamonde JA, Padró Alonzo LA, Rivera Reséndiz A, Muleiro Álvarez M, Vega López EN, Franyuti-Kelly G, Álvarez-Hernández DA, Moncaleano Guzmán V, Juárez Bañuelos JE, Marcos Felix J, González Barrios JA, Barrientos Fortes T. Acinetobacter baumannii Resistance: A Real Challenge for Clinicians. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9040205. [PMID: 32340386 PMCID: PMC7235888 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (named in honor of the American bacteriologists Paul and Linda Baumann) is a Gram-negative, multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen that causes nosocomial infections, especially in intensive care units (ICUs) and immunocompromised patients with central venous catheters. A. baumannii has developed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial resistance, associated with a higher mortality rate among infected patients compared with other non-baumannii species. In terms of clinical impact, resistant strains are associated with increases in both in-hospital length of stay and mortality. A. baumannii can cause a variety of infections; most involve the respiratory tract, especially ventilator-associated pneumonia, but bacteremia and skin wound infections have also been reported, the latter of which has been prominently observed in the context of war-related trauma. Cases of meningitis associated with A. baumannii have been documented. The most common risk factor for the acquisition of MDR A baumannii is previous antibiotic use, following by mechanical ventilation, length of ICU/hospital stay, severity of illness, and use of medical devices. Current efforts focus on addressing all the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms described in A. baumannii, with the objective of identifying the most promising therapeutic scheme. Bacteriophage- and artilysin-based therapeutic approaches have been described as effective, but further research into their clinical use is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalino Vázquez-López
- Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (J.J.J.V.-W.); (J.A.A.V.); (L.A.P.A.); (A.R.R.); (M.M.Á.); (D.A.Á.-H.); (V.M.G.); (J.E.J.B.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +52-56-270210 (ext. 7302)
| | - Sandra Georgina Solano-Gálvez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - Juan José Juárez Vignon-Whaley
- Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (J.J.J.V.-W.); (J.A.A.V.); (L.A.P.A.); (A.R.R.); (M.M.Á.); (D.A.Á.-H.); (V.M.G.); (J.E.J.B.)
| | - Jorge Andrés Abello Vaamonde
- Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (J.J.J.V.-W.); (J.A.A.V.); (L.A.P.A.); (A.R.R.); (M.M.Á.); (D.A.Á.-H.); (V.M.G.); (J.E.J.B.)
| | - Luis Andrés Padró Alonzo
- Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (J.J.J.V.-W.); (J.A.A.V.); (L.A.P.A.); (A.R.R.); (M.M.Á.); (D.A.Á.-H.); (V.M.G.); (J.E.J.B.)
| | - Andrés Rivera Reséndiz
- Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (J.J.J.V.-W.); (J.A.A.V.); (L.A.P.A.); (A.R.R.); (M.M.Á.); (D.A.Á.-H.); (V.M.G.); (J.E.J.B.)
| | - Mauricio Muleiro Álvarez
- Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (J.J.J.V.-W.); (J.A.A.V.); (L.A.P.A.); (A.R.R.); (M.M.Á.); (D.A.Á.-H.); (V.M.G.); (J.E.J.B.)
| | - Eunice Nabil Vega López
- Medical IMPACT, Infectious Diseases Department, Mexico City 53900, Mexico; (E.N.V.L.); (G.F.-K.)
| | - Giorgio Franyuti-Kelly
- Medical IMPACT, Infectious Diseases Department, Mexico City 53900, Mexico; (E.N.V.L.); (G.F.-K.)
| | - Diego Abelardo Álvarez-Hernández
- Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (J.J.J.V.-W.); (J.A.A.V.); (L.A.P.A.); (A.R.R.); (M.M.Á.); (D.A.Á.-H.); (V.M.G.); (J.E.J.B.)
| | - Valentina Moncaleano Guzmán
- Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (J.J.J.V.-W.); (J.A.A.V.); (L.A.P.A.); (A.R.R.); (M.M.Á.); (D.A.Á.-H.); (V.M.G.); (J.E.J.B.)
| | - Jorge Ernesto Juárez Bañuelos
- Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (J.J.J.V.-W.); (J.A.A.V.); (L.A.P.A.); (A.R.R.); (M.M.Á.); (D.A.Á.-H.); (V.M.G.); (J.E.J.B.)
| | - José Marcos Felix
- Coordinación Ciclos Clínicos Medicina, FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico;
| | - Juan Antonio González Barrios
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional “1º de Octubre”, ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 1669, Lindavista, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de Mexico 07300, Mexico;
| | - Tomás Barrientos Fortes
- Dirección Sistema Universitario de Salud de la Universidad Anáhuac México (SUSA), Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico;
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29
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Savin M, Bierbaum G, Hammerl JA, Heinemann C, Parcina M, Sib E, Voigt A, Kreyenschmidt J. ESKAPE Bacteria and Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Wastewater and Process Water from German Poultry Slaughterhouses. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e02748-19. [PMID: 32033950 PMCID: PMC7117925 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02748-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The wastewater of livestock slaughterhouses is considered a source of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria with clinical relevance and may thus be important for their dissemination into the environment. To get an overview of their occurrence and characteristics, we investigated process water (n = 50) from delivery and unclean areas as well as wastewater (n = 32) from the in-house wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of two German poultry slaughterhouses (slaughterhouses S1 and S2). The samples were screened for ESKAPE bacteria (Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp.) and Escherichia coli Their antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and the presence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL), carbapenemase, and mobilizable colistin resistance genes were determined. Selected ESKAPE bacteria were epidemiologically classified using different molecular typing techniques. At least one of the target species was detected in 87.5% (n = 28/32) of the wastewater samples and 86.0% (n = 43/50) of the process water samples. The vast majority of the recovered isolates (94.9%, n = 448/472) was represented by E. coli (39.4%), the A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii (ACB) complex (32.4%), S. aureus (12.3%), and K. pneumoniae (10.8%), which were widely distributed in the delivery and unclean areas of the individual slaughterhouses, including their wastewater effluents. Enterobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., and P. aeruginosa were less abundant and made up 5.1% of the isolates. Phenotypic and genotypic analyses revealed that the recovered isolates exhibited diverse resistance phenotypes and β-lactamase genes. In conclusion, wastewater effluents from the investigated poultry slaughterhouses exhibited clinically relevant bacteria (E. coli, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, and species of the ACB and Enterobacter cloacae complexes) that contribute to the dissemination of clinically relevant resistances (i.e., blaCTX-M or blaSHV and mcr-1) in the environment.IMPORTANCE Bacteria from livestock may be opportunistic pathogens and carriers of clinically relevant resistance genes, as many antimicrobials are used in both veterinary and human medicine. They may be released into the environment from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which are influenced by wastewater from slaughterhouses, thereby endangering public health. Moreover, process water that accumulates during the slaughtering of poultry is an important reservoir for livestock-associated multidrug-resistant bacteria and may serve as a vector of transmission to occupationally exposed slaughterhouse employees. Mitigation solutions aimed at the reduction of the bacterial discharge into the production water circuit as well as interventions against their further transmission and dissemination need to be elaborated. Furthermore, the efficacy of in-house WWTPs needs to be questioned. Reliable data on the occurrence and diversity of clinically relevant bacteria within the slaughtering production chain and in the WWTP effluents in Germany will help to assess their impact on public and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykhailo Savin
- Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele Bierbaum
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Andre Hammerl
- Department for Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marijo Parcina
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Esther Sib
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Voigt
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Judith Kreyenschmidt
- Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Hochschule Geisenheim University, Department of Fresh Produce Logistics, Geisenheim, Germany
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30
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Havenga B, Ndlovu T, Clements T, Reyneke B, Waso M, Khan W. Exploring the antimicrobial resistance profiles of WHO critical priority list bacterial strains. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:303. [PMID: 31870288 PMCID: PMC6929480 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antimicrobial resistance of clinical, environmental and control strains of the WHO "Priority 1: Critical group" organisms, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to various classes of antibiotics, colistin and surfactin (biosurfactant) was determined. METHODS Acinetobacter baumannii was isolated from environmental samples and antibiotic resistance profiling was performed to classify the test organisms [A. baumannii (n = 6), P. aeruginosa (n = 5), E. coli (n = 7) and K. pneumoniae (n = 7)] as multidrug resistant (MDR) or extreme drug resistant (XDR). All the bacterial isolates (n = 25) were screened for colistin resistance and the mobilised colistin resistance (mcr) genes. Biosurfactants produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ST34 were solvent extracted and characterised using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The susceptibility of strains, exhibiting antibiotic and colistin resistance, to the crude surfactin extract (cell-free supernatant) was then determined. RESULTS Antibiotic resistance profiling classified four A. baumannii (67%), one K. pneumoniae (15%) and one P. aeruginosa (20%) isolate as XDR, with one E. coli (15%) and three K. pneumoniae (43%) strains classified as MDR. Many of the isolates [A. baumannii (25%), E. coli (80%), K. pneumoniae (100%) and P. aeruginosa (100%)] exhibited colistin resistance [minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ≥ 4 mg/L]; however, only one E. coli strain isolated from a clinical environment harboured the mcr-1 gene. UPLC-MS analysis then indicated that the B. amyloliquefaciens ST34 produced C13-16 surfactin analogues, which were identified as Srf1 to Srf5. The crude surfactin extract (10.00 mg/mL) retained antimicrobial activity (100%) against the MDR, XDR and colistin resistant A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains. CONCLUSION Clinical, environmental and control strains of A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and K. pneumoniae exhibiting MDR and XDR profiles and colistin resistance, were susceptible to surfactin analogues, confirming that this lipopeptide shows promise for application in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Havenga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602 South Africa
| | - Thando Ndlovu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602 South Africa
| | - Tanya Clements
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602 South Africa
| | - Brandon Reyneke
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602 South Africa
| | - Monique Waso
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602 South Africa
| | - Wesaal Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602 South Africa
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31
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Banerji A, Jahne M, Herrmann M, Brinkman N, Keely S. Bringing Community Ecology to Bear on the Issue of Antimicrobial Resistance. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2626. [PMID: 31803161 PMCID: PMC6872637 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern, pertaining not only to human health but also to the health of industry and the environment. AMR research has traditionally focused on genetic exchange mechanisms and abiotic environmental constraints, leaving important aspects of microbial ecology unresolved. The genetic and ecological aspects of AMR, however, not only contribute separately to the problem but also are interrelated. For example, mutualistic associations among microbes such as biofilms can both serve as a barrier to antibiotic penetration and a breeding ground for horizontal exchange of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). In this review, we elucidate how species interactions promote and impede the establishment, maintenance, and spread of ARGs and indicate how management initiatives might benefit from leveraging the principles and tools of community ecology to better understand and manipulate the processes underlying AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aabir Banerji
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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32
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Behçet M, AVCIOĞLU F, KARABÖRK Ş, KURTOĞLU MG. Yatan Hastalarda Çeşitli Klinik Örneklerden İzole Edilen Acinetobacter baumanni Suşlarının Antibiyotiklere Direnç Durumlarının İncelenmesi. DÜZCE ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI ENSTITÜSÜ DERGISI 2019. [DOI: 10.33631/duzcesbed.540397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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33
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Tsai HC, Huang TY, Chen JS, Chen WJ, Lin CY, Hsu BM. Acinetobacter baumannii and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in long-term care facilities in eastern Taiwan. Tzu Chi Med J 2019; 31:222-231. [PMID: 31867250 PMCID: PMC6905247 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_136_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The prevention of infections is crucial in long-term care programs. Investigations of the occurrence and sources of pathogens in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are still lacking, especially in eastern Taiwan. In this study, we conducted a surveillance of two common pathogens, Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), in LTCFs in Hualien. Materials and Methods: Pathogenic assays including isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted for AB and MRSA at LTCFs in Eastern Taiwan. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing assays were done to understand the relatedness of clonal strains of MRSA. Results: All AB-positive samples in the LTCFs were mainly from water-rich samples and were drug susceptible. Our data indicated that the AB strains from LTCFs were similar to those from Puzi River watersheds in Taiwan, which were not drug resistant to commonly used antibiotics. On the other hand, the drug resistance analysis of MRSA indicated that the genotypes from the LTCFs were similar to those from nearby hospitals. Eight strains of MRSA were isolated from four LTCFs, of which five were identified as hospital-acquired strains according to SSCmed typing assays. Conclusion: These findings suggest that MRSA in LTCFs might propagate from hospitals and could be transmitted between hospitals and LTCFs. Health authorities should be aware of this risk. The long-term follow-up of MRSA is recommended in local medical institutions as well as in LTCFs for correlative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Chi Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yi Huang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jen Chen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Yen Lin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Mu Hsu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Center for Innovative on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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34
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Nasiri MJ, Zamani S, Fardsanei F, Arshadi M, Bigverdi R, Hajikhani B, Goudarzi H, Tabarsi P, Dabiri H, Feizabadi MM. Prevalence and Mechanisms of Carbapenem Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Cross-Sectional Studies from Iran. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 26:270-283. [PMID: 30822197 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is recognized to be among the most difficult antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bacilli to control and treat. An understanding of the epidemiology of CRAB and the mechanisms of resistance to carbapenems is necessary to develop strategies to curtail their spread. Methods: Electronic databases were searched from January 1995 to December 2017 for all studies, which: (1) provide data on the frequency and antibiotic resistance profile of the isolated A. baumannii and (2) describe the mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in detail. Results: Sixty-eight studies were found referring to mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in clinical isolates of A. baumannii, and 56 studies were found referring to the frequency of CRAB. The pooled frequency of carbapenem resistance was 85.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 82.2-88.1) in 8,067 clinical isolates of A. baumannii. Resistances due to blaOXA23 (55.3%), blaOXA24 (41.4%), and blaOXA58 (5.2%) genes were the most prevalent reported mechanisms of resistance to carbapenem, respectively. Conclusions: Our data warn that CRAB will rise if the current situation remains uncontrolled. Better control infection strategies and antibiotic managements, particularly in the health care systems, are needed to limit the spread of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Nasiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samin Zamani
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fardsanei
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mania Arshadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Para Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Bigverdi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Hajikhani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Tabarsi
- Clinical TB and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Dabiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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35
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Enhanced antibacterial effect of the novel T4-like bacteriophage KARL-1 in combination with antibiotics against multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14140. [PMID: 30237558 PMCID: PMC6147977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuing rise of infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria has led to a renewed interest in bacteriophage therapy. Here we characterize phage vB_AbaM-KARL-1 with lytic activity against multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii (AB). Besides genomic and phenotypic phage analysis, the objective of our study was to investigate the antibacterial outcome when the phage acts in concert with distinct antibiotics. KARL-1 belongs to the family of Myoviridae and is able to lyse 8 of 20 (40%) tested clinical isolates. Its double-stranded DNA genome consists of 166,560 bp encoding for 253 open reading frames. Genome wide comparison suggests that KARL-1 is a novel species within the subfamily Tevenvirinae, sharing 77% nucleotide identity (coverage 58%) with phage ZZ1. The antibacterial efficacy at various multiplicities of infection (MOI) was monitored either alone or in combination with meropenem, ciprofloxacin, and colistin. A complete clearance of liquid cultures was achieved with KARL-1 at an MOI of 10-1 and meropenem (>128 mg/l). KARL-1 was still effective at an MOI of 10-7, but antibacterial activity was significantly augmented with meropenem. While ciprofloxacin did generally not support phage activity, the application of KARL-1 at an MOI of 10-7 and therapeutic doses of colistin significantly elevated bacterial suppression. Hence, KARL-1 represents a novel candidate for use against multi-drug resistant AB and the therapeutic outcome may be positively influenced by the addition of traditional antibiotics.
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Bacteria richness and antibiotic-resistance in bats from a protected area in the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203411. [PMID: 30216351 PMCID: PMC6138367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats play key ecological roles, also hosting many zoonotic pathogens. Neotropical bat microbiota is still poorly known. We speculate that their dietary habits strongly influence their microbiota richness and antibiotic-resistance patterns, which represent growing and serious public health and environmental issue. Here we describe the aerobic microbiota richness of bats from an Atlantic Forest remnant in Southeastern Brazil, and the antibiotic-resistance patterns of bacteria of clinical importance. Oral and rectal cavities of 113 bats from Carlos Botelho State Park were swabbed. Samples were plated on 5% sheep blood and MacConkey agar and identified by the MALDI-TOF technique. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using Kirby-Bauer’s antibiotic disc diffusion technique.We identified 596 isolates at the genus level and tentatively to the species level. Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in all the dietary guilds, representing 87% of the total identified samples. The most common bacteria within bat individuals were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca and Serratia marcescens, and within bat species were Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas sp. and Staphylococcus sp. Frugivores presented the most diverse microbiota. In general, the antibiogram results indicated a low occurrence of resistance on eigth potentially pathogenic bacteria species. The resistance to antibiotics found on our samples was related mostly to the intrinsic resistance of the tested species.The low occurrence of resistant bacteria in our samples could be related to the well preserved environment where bats were caught. Once the major causes of resistance-acquiring are related to anthropic activites, the controlled access of tourists on certain regions of the Park seems to be effectively protecting the environment.
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Squires RA. Bacteriophage therapy for management of bacterial infections in veterinary practice: what was once old is new again. N Z Vet J 2018; 66:229-235. [PMID: 29925297 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2018.1491348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophages (or phages) are naturally-occurring viruses that can infect and kill bacteria. They are remarkably diverse, numerous and widespread. Each phage has a narrow host range yet a large majority of bacteria studied so far play host to bacteriophages, hence the remarkable phage diversity. Phages were discovered just over 100 years ago and they have been used for treatment of bacterial infections in humans and other animals since the 1920s. They have also been studied intensively and this has led to, and continues to lead to, major insights in the fields of molecular biology and recombinant DNA technology, including that DNA is the genetic material, nucleotides are arranged in triplets to make codons, and messenger RNA is needed for protein synthesis. This article begins with a description of bacteriophages and explains why there has recently been a strong resurgence of interest in their clinical use for treatment of bacterial infections, particularly those caused by organisms resistant to multiple antimicrobial compounds. The history of bacteriophage therapy is briefly reviewed, followed by a review and critique of promising but very limited clinical research on the use of bacteriophages to treat bacterial infections in dogs. Other potential veterinary uses and benefits of bacteriophage therapy are also briefly discussed. There are important practical challenges that will have to be overcome before widespread implementation and commercialisation of bacteriophage therapy can be achieved, which are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Squires
- a Discipline of Veterinary Science, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences , James Cook University , Townsville , Australia
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Asija K, Teschke CM. Lessons from bacteriophages part 2: A saga of scientific breakthroughs and prospects for their use in human health. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006970. [PMID: 29772006 PMCID: PMC5957327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kunica Asija
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Carolyn M. Teschke
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ahmad S, Raza S, Uddin R, Azam SS. Comparative subtractive proteomics based ranking for antibiotic targets against the dirtiest superbug: Acinetobacter baumannii. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 82:74-92. [PMID: 29705560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is indeed to be the most successful nosocomial pathogen responsible for myriad infections in modern health care system. Computational methodologies based on genomics and proteomics proved to be powerful tools for providing substantial information about different aspects of A. baumannii biology that made it possible to design new approaches for treating multi, extensive and total drug resistant isolates of A. baumannii. In this current approach, 35 completely annotated proteomes of A. bauamnnii were filtered through a comprehensive subtractive proteomics pipeline for broad-spectrum drug candidates. In total, 10 proteins (KdsA, KdsB, LpxA, LpxC, LpxD, GpsE, PhoB, UvrY, KdpE and OmpR) could serve as ideal candidates for designing novel antibiotics. The work was extended with KdsA enzyme for structure information, prediction of intrinsic disorders, active site details, and structure based virtual screening of library containing natural product-like scaffolds. Most of the enzyme structure has fixed three-dimensional conformation. The selection of inhibitor for KdsA enzyme was based on druglikeness, pharmacokinetics and docking scores. Compound-4636 (5-((3-chloro-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methoxy)-2-(((1-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-yl)amino)methyl)phenol) was revealed as the most potent inhibitor against A. baumannii KdsA enzyme having Gold fitness score of 77.68 and Autodock binding energy of -6.2 kcal/mol. The inhibitor completely follows Lipinski rule of five, Ghose rule, and Egan rule. Molecular dynamics simulation for KdsA and KdsA-4636 complex was performed for 100 ns to unveil what conformational changes the enzyme underwent in the absence and presence of the inhibitor, respectively. The average root means square deviation (RMSD) for both systems was found 3.5 Å, which signifies stable structure of the enzyme in both bounded and unbounded states. Absolute binding energy using Molecular Mechanics-Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GBSA) reflected high affinity and vigorous interactions of the inhibitor with enzyme active residues. Findings of the current study could open up new avenues for experimentalists to design new potent antibiotics by targeting the targets screened in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Ahmad
- Computational Biology Lab, National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saad Raza
- Computational Biology Lab, National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Reaz Uddin
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Sikander Azam
- Computational Biology Lab, National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Evolution of the Quorum network and the mobilome (plasmids and bacteriophages) in clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii during a decade. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2523. [PMID: 29410443 PMCID: PMC5802823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20847-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we compared eighteen clinical strains of A. baumannii belonging to the ST-2 clone and isolated from patients in the same intensive care unit (ICU) in 2000 (9 strains referred to collectively as Ab_GEIH-2000) and 2010 (9 strains referred to collectively as Ab_GEIH-2010), during the GEIH-REIPI project (Umbrella BioProject PRJNA422585). We observed two main molecular differences between the Ab_GEIH-2010 and the Ab_GEIH-2000 collections, acquired over the course of the decade long sampling interval and involving the mobilome: i) a plasmid harbouring genes for blaOXA 24/40 ß-lactamase and abKA/abkB proteins of a toxin-antitoxin system; and ii) two temperate bacteriophages, Ab105-1ϕ (63 proteins) and Ab105-2ϕ (93 proteins), containing important viral defence proteins. Moreover, all Ab_GEIH-2010 strains contained a Quorum functional network of Quorum Sensing (QS) and Quorum Quenching (QQ) mechanisms, including a new QQ enzyme, AidA, which acts as a bacterial defence mechanism against the exogenous 3-oxo-C12-HSL. Interestingly, the infective capacity of the bacteriophages isolated in this study (Ab105-1ϕ and Ab105-2ϕ) was higher in the Ab_GEIH-2010 strains (carrying a functional Quorum network) than in the Ab_GEIH-2000 strains (carrying a deficient Quorum network), in which the bacteriophages showed little or no infectivity. This is the first study about the evolution of the Quorum network and the mobilome in clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii during a decade.
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