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Morrison BH, Jones JL, Dzwonkowski B, Krause JW. Tracking Vibrio: population dynamics and ecology of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in an Alabama estuary. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0367423. [PMID: 38578091 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03674-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibrio is a genus of halophilic, gram-negative bacteria found in estuaries around the globe. Integral parts of coastal cultures often involve contact with vectors of pathogenic Vibrio spp. (e.g., consuming raw shellfish). High rates of mortality from certain Vibrio spp. infections demonstrate the need for an improved understanding of Vibrio spp. dynamics in estuarine regions. Our study assessed meteorological, hydrographic, and biological correlates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus at 10 sites in the Eastern Mississippi Sound System (EMSS) from April to October 2019. During the sampling period, median abundances of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus were 2.31 log MPN/L and 2.90 log MPN/L, respectively. Vibrio spp. dynamics were largely driven by site-based variation, with sites closest to freshwater inputs having the highest abundances. The E-W wind scalar, which affects Ekman transport, was a novel Vibrio spp. correlate observed. A potential salinity effect on bacterial-particle associations was identified, where V. vulnificus was associated with larger particles in conditions outside of their optimal salinity. Additionally, V. vulnificus abundances were correlated to those of harmful algal species that did not dominate community chlorophyll. Correlates from this study may be used to inform the next iteration of regionally predictive Vibrio models and may lend additional insight to Vibrio spp. ecology in similar systems. IMPORTANCE Vibrio spp. are bacteria found in estuaries worldwide; some species can cause illness and infections in humans. Relationships between Vibrio spp. abundance, salinity, and temperature are well documented, but correlations to other environmental parameters are less understood. This study identifies unique correlates (e.g., E-W wind scalar and harmful algal species) that could potentially inform the next iteration of predictive Vibrio models for the EMSS region. Additionally, these correlates may allow existing environmental monitoring efforts to be leveraged in providing data inputs for future Vibrio risk models. An observed correlation between salinity and V. vulnificus/particle-size associations suggests that predicted environmental changes may affect the abundance of Vibrio spp. in certain reservoirs, which may alter which vectors present the greatest vibrio risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair H Morrison
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, Alabama, USA
- Stokes School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- FDA, Division of Seafood Science and Technology, Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, Dauphin Island, Alabama, USA
| | - Jessica L Jones
- FDA, Division of Seafood Science and Technology, Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, Dauphin Island, Alabama, USA
| | - Brian Dzwonkowski
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, Alabama, USA
- Stokes School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Krause
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, Alabama, USA
- Stokes School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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Hookabe N, Fujino Y, Nagano H. Osmotic responses and oceanic dispersal of upper brackish nemertean: Ecophysiology from field to in vitro observation. Ecology 2024; 105:e4275. [PMID: 38438133 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Hookabe
- Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan
| | | | - Hikaru Nagano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Griffin EK, Hall LM, Brown MA, Taylor-Manges A, Green T, Suchanec K, Furman BT, Congdon VM, Wilson SS, Osborne TZ, Martin S, Schultz EA, Holden MM, Lukacsa DT, Greenberg JA, Deliz Quiñones KY, Lin EZ, Camacho C, Bowden JA. Aquatic Vegetation, an Understudied Depot for PFAS. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2023; 34:1826-1836. [PMID: 37163353 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of manufactured chemicals that have been extensively utilized worldwide. We hypothesize that the presence, uptake, and accumulation of PFAS in aquatic vegetation (AV) is dependent upon several factors, such as the physiochemical properties of PFAS and proximity to potential sources. In this study, AV was collected from eight locations in Florida to investigate the PFAS presence, accumulation, and spatiotemporal distribution. PFAS were detected in AV at all sampling locations, with a range from 0.18 to 55 ng/g sum (∑)PFAS. Individual PFAS and their concentrations varied by sampling location, time, and AV species. A total of 12 PFAS were identified, with the greatest concentrations measured in macroalgae. The average bioconcentration factor (BCF) among all samples was 1225, indicating high PFAS accumulation in AV from surface water. The highest concentrations, across all AV types, were recorded in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), a location with a history of elevated PFAS burdens. The present study represents the first investigation of PFAS in naturally existing estuarine AV, filling an important gap on PFAS partitioning within the environment, as well as providing insights into exposure pathways for aquatic herbivores. Examining the presence, fate, and transport of these persistent chemicals in Florida's waterways is critical for understanding their effect on environmental, wildlife, and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Griffin
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Lauren M Hall
- St. Johns River Water Management District, Palm Bay, Florida 32909, United States
| | - Melynda A Brown
- Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Punta Gorda, Florida 33955, United States
| | - Arielle Taylor-Manges
- Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Punta Gorda, Florida 33955, United States
| | - Trisha Green
- Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Charlotte Harbor Seagrasses Aquatic Preserves, Punta Gorda, Florida 33955, United States
| | - Katherine Suchanec
- Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Charlotte Harbor Seagrasses Aquatic Preserves, Punta Gorda, Florida 33955, United States
| | - Bradley T Furman
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, United States
| | - Victoria M Congdon
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, United States
| | - Sara S Wilson
- Division of Coastlines and Oceans, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW Eighth Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Todd Z Osborne
- Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystems, Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, Florida 32080, United States
| | - Shawn Martin
- Department of Marine and Environmental Technology, College of the Florida Keys, Key West, Florida 33040, United States
| | - Emma A Schultz
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Mackenzie M Holden
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Dylan T Lukacsa
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Justin A Greenberg
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Katherine Y Deliz Quiñones
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Elizabeth Z Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Camden Camacho
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - John A Bowden
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Przibilla A, Iwainski S, Zimmermann T, Pröfrock D. Impact of storage temperature and filtration method on dissolved trace metal concentrations in coastal water samples. Water Environ Res 2023; 95:e10922. [PMID: 37635266 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements play a major role in biogeochemical cycles and oceanographic processes. To determine trace element concentrations, the dissolved and particulate phase are usually separated by filtration. However, the frequently used membrane filtration as well as sample storage can bias the dissolved elemental concentrations by adsorption or desorption/contamination. We present a comparison of two filtration methods for coastal and estuarine water samples (pressure filtration with Nuclepore™ polycarbonate filters, vacuum filtration with DigiFILTER™s) applied to aliquots of a large-volume coastal water sample that were stored at -18°C or 4°C for up to nine weeks. The filtrates were analyzed by seaFAST-ICP-MS for dissolved Cd, Ce, Co, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ho, La, Mn, Mo, Nd, Pb, Pr, Sm, Tb, U, V, W, Y, and Zn. The filtration blanks of DigiFILTER™s (0.0006 ± 0.0010 ng L-1 for Ho to 110 ± 180 ng L-1 for Zn) were sufficiently low for quantification of all analyzed elements with good repeatability, enabling a fast and reliable filtration of large sample sets of coastal water. However, the findings also highlight the need to measure procedural blanks including the filtration instead of only the instrument blanks to validate results. Measured concentrations of both filtration methods did not differ significantly for Cd, Cu, Mo, U, V, W, Zn but for other investigated elements, the ratio between both methods was up to 1.8 for Ce and 4.1 for Fe. Within nine weeks of storage, the elemental concentrations decreased significantly, resulting in losses of 20% Mn in frozen samples and 63% Pb, 64% Co and 93% Mn in cooled samples. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Two fast and cheap filtration methods for coastal water samples were compared. Dissolved concentrations of 22 elements were measured by seaFAST-ICP-MS. The filtration method is important in addition to filter pore size. Filtration blanks need to be reported to maintain comparability between methods. Cool and frozen storage of water samples biases the dissolved metal concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Przibilla
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry/Department Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanna Iwainski
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry/Department Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Fachhochschule Aachen (Campus Jülich), Jülich, Germany
| | - Tristan Zimmermann
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry/Department Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Daniel Pröfrock
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry/Department Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
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Smith GH, Murie DJ. Comparative diets and prey resource competition between early-juvenile common snook Centropomus undecimalis and non-native pike killifish Belonesox belizanus. J Fish Biol 2023; 103:646-665. [PMID: 37218593 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pike killifish Belonesox belizanus is an established non-native fish species in Florida, USA, that was first documented in south Florida in 1957 and then in Tampa Bay tributaries in 1994. Decreases in small-bodied fish abundances have been linked to the introduction of B. belizanus in both of these regions. Increases in the range and abundance of B. belizanus in the Tampa Bay area and overlap in habitat usage have led to concerns about potential competition with, and predation on, early-juvenile common snook Centropomus undecimalis [≤100 mm standard length (SL)]. Stomach contents of B. belizanus (N = 422; 14-127 mm SL) and early-juvenile C. undecimalis (N = 1132; 5-119 mm SL) were collected to examine the dietary overlap of these two species and potential differences in the diet of early-juvenile C. undecimalis from locations with and without B. belizanus co-occurring. Prey resources were collected by seine to assess prey resource limitation and prey selectivity. Stomach content analysis indicated that there was low overlap in the diet of early-juvenile C. undecimalis and B. belizanus (C ≤ 0.40). Early-juvenile C. undecimalis had a wider diet breadth, consuming many organisms that are not consumed by B. belizanus and which make up a large portion of the early-juvenile C. undecimalis diet. Analysis of prey resources indicated that some prey groups may have lower abundances in locations where B. belizanus are present, with some of these differences reflected in the diet of early-juvenile C. undecimalis. Despite these differences, there was minimal difference in the diet overlap of early-juvenile C. undecimalis from locations with and without B. belizanus co-occurring. Currently B. belizanus appear to be competing minimally with early-juvenile C. undecimalis for prey resources, with no substantial impacts being detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey H Smith
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Debra J Murie
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Pereira F, Kerkar S, Dias DS, Gobre VV. A halophilic Chromohalobacter species from estuarine coastal waters as a detoxifier of manganese, as well as a novel bio-catalyst for synthesis of n-butyl acetate. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1159018. [PMID: 37125204 PMCID: PMC10130588 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1159018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic pollution due to ferro-manganese ore transport by barges through the Mandovi estuary in Goa, India is a major environmental concern. In this study a manganese (Mn) tolerant, moderately halophilic Chromohalobacter sp. belonging to the family Halomonadaceae was isolated from the sediments of a solar saltern adjacent to this Mandovi estuary. Using techniques of Atomic absorption spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy-Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy, the Chromohalobacter sp. was explored for its ability to tolerate and immobilize Mn in amended and unamended media with 20% natural salt concentration (w/v). In aqueous media supplemented with 0.1 mM Mn, the Chromohalobacter sp. was capable of sequestering up to 76% Mn with an average immobilization rate of 8 mg Mn /g /day. Growth rate kinetic analysis using Gompertz mathematical functions was found to model the experimental data well. The model inferred that the maximum growth rate of Chromohalobacter sp. was at 10% natural salt concentration (w/v). The Chromohalobacter sp. was further found to be multimetal tolerant showing high tolerance to Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni) and Cobalt (Co), (each at 4 mM), and tolerated Manganese (Mn) up to 6 mM. Morphologically, the Chromohalobacter sp. was a non-spore forming, Gram negative motile rod (0.726 μ× 1.33 μ). The adaptative mechanism of Chromohalobacter sp. to elevated Mn concentrations (1 mM) resulted in the reduction of its cell size to 0.339 μ× 0.997 μ and the synthesis of an extracellular slime, immobilizing Mn from the liquid phase forming Manganese oxide, as confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The expression of Mnx genes for manganese oxidation further substantiated the finding. This bacterial synthesized manganese oxide also displayed catalytic activity (∼50% conversion) for the esterification of butan-1-ol with CH3COOH to yield n-butyl acetate. This Chromohalobacter sp. being indigenous to marine salterns, has adapted to high concentrations of heavy metals and high salinities and can withstand this extremely stressed environment, and thus holds a tremendous potential as an environmentally friendly "green bioremediator" of Mn from euryhaline environments. The study also adds to the limited knowledge about metal-microbe interactions in extreme environments. Further, since Chromohalobacter sp. exhibits commendable catalytic activity for the synthesis of n-butyl acetate, it would have several potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flory Pereira
- Department of Microbiology, P. E. S’s R. S. N. College of Arts and Science, Ponda, India
- *Correspondence: Flory Pereira,
| | - Savita Kerkar
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Goa University, Taleigão, India
| | - Dominic Savio Dias
- Department of Chemistry, P. E. S’s R. S. N. College of Arts and Science, Ponda, India
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Zvavahera M, Hugo S, Vine NG, Weyl OLF. Exploratory stock identification through morphometric trait analysis of the estuarine round herring, Gilchristella aestuaria (Pisces: Clupeidae). J Fish Biol 2022; 101:1108-1118. [PMID: 35851671 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a first step in stock identification of estuarine round herring Gilchristella aestuaria, a morphometric analysis of multiple standardised traits and body condition was conducted on samples from sites across the distribution range of the species, including freshwater and estuarine populations. Multivariate analyses, including a principal component analysis (PCA), revealed that sites on the same river system and sites in close geographic proximity tend to share morphometric traits. Most of the variation in PCA was due to caudal fin length (CFL). Single traits were analysed with generalised additive models with river system location as the smooth term. CFL was strongly related to river systems, and to a lesser extent salinity and turbidity. Unlike previous local-scale studies, this broad-scale study did not support the notion of ecotypes based on eye diameter. Condition indices like body depth and relative weight were related to climatic conditions, salinity and turbidity, more than to river system. The findings agree with previous studies on phylogenetic history and limited gene flow in G. aestuaria, and suggest variation in environmental productivity that affects body condition in different populations. Subsequent research should examine temporal changes in traits like CFL and body condition based on long-term seasonal sampling. Safeguarding this potential resource may be enabled by adopting appropriate management methods based on delineation of stocks with different levels of productivity and connectivity, before widespread fishing of this species is promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munetsi Zvavahera
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- DST/NRF Research Chair in Inland Fisheries and Freshwater Ecology, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Sanet Hugo
- DST/NRF Research Chair in Inland Fisheries and Freshwater Ecology, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Makhanda, South Africa
- Department of Zoology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Niall G Vine
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Olaf L F Weyl
- DST/NRF Research Chair in Inland Fisheries and Freshwater Ecology, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Makhanda, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Makhanda, South Africa
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Pavlik I, Ulmann V, Falkinham JO 3rd. Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: Ecology and Impact on Animal and Human Health. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1516. [PMID: 35893574 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) represent an important group of environmentally saprophytic and potentially pathogenic bacteria that can cause serious mycobacterioses in humans and animals. The sources of infections often remain undetected except for soil- or water-borne, water-washed, water-based, or water-related infections caused by groups of the Mycobacterium (M.) avium complex; M. fortuitum; and other NTM species, including M. marinum infection, known as fish tank granuloma, and M. ulcerans infection, which is described as a Buruli ulcer. NTM could be considered as water-borne, air-borne, and soil-borne pathogens (sapronoses). A lot of clinically relevant NTM species could be considered due to the enormity of published data on permanent, periodic, transient, and incidental sapronoses. Interest is currently increasing in mycobacterioses diagnosed in humans and husbandry animals (esp. pigs) caused by NTM species present in peat bogs, potting soil, garden peat, bat and bird guano, and other matrices used as garden fertilizers. NTM are present in dust particles and in water aerosols, which represent certain factors during aerogenous infection in immunosuppressed host organisms during hospitalization, speleotherapy, and leisure activities. For this Special Issue, a collection of articles providing a current view of the research on NTM-including the clinical relevance, therapy, prevention of mycobacterioses, epidemiology, and ecology-are addressed.
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Pagenkopp Lohan KM, Darling JA, Ruiz GM. International shipping as a potent vector for spreading marine parasites. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022; 28:1922-1933. [PMID: 38269301 PMCID: PMC10807284 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The global shipping fleet, the primary means of transporting goods among countries, also serves as a major dispersal mechanism for marine invasive species. To date, researchers have primarily focussed on the role of ships in transferring marine macrofauna, often overlooking transfers of associated parasites, which can have larger impacts on naïve host individuals and populations. Here, we re-examine three previously published metabarcode datasets targeting zooplankton and protists in ships' ballast water to assess the diversity of parasites across life stages arriving to three major US ports. Location Port of Hampton Roads in the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia; Ports of Texas City, Houston and Bayport in Galveston Bay, Texas; and Port of Valdez in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Methods We selected all known parasitic taxa, using sequences generated from the small subunit gene (SSU) from ribosomal RNA (rRNA) amplified from (1) zooplankton collected from plankton tows (35 and 80 μm datasets) and (2) eukaryotes collected from samples of ships' ballast water (3 μm dataset). Results In all three datasets, we found a broad range of parasitic taxa, including many protistan and metazoan parasites, that infect a wide range of hosts, from teleost fish to dinoflagellates. Parasite richness was highest in the 3 μm dataset and relatively uniform across arrival regions. Several parasite taxa were found in high relative abundance (based on number of sequences recovered) either in ships entering a single or across multiple regions. Main Conclusions The ubiquity, diversity and relative abundance of parasites detected demonstrate ships are a potent vector for spreading marine parasites across the world's oceans, potentially contributing to reported increases in outbreaks of marine diseases. Future research is urgently needed to evaluate the fate of parasites upon arrival and the efficacy of ballast water treatment systems to reduce future transfers and colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John A. Darling
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gregory M. Ruiz
- Marine Invasions Research Laboratory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunistic human pathogens that are widespread in the human environment. In fact, NTM surround humans. The basis for their widespread presence in soils and natural and human-engineered waters lies primarily in their disinfectant resistance, biofilm formation, and adaptability to fluctuating environmental conditions. As NTM in drinking water surround humans, a major route of infection is through aerosols. The characteristics of NTM, including resistance to disinfection, adherence to surfaces and biofilm formation, present challenges to contemporary water treatment processes developed for control of Escherichia coli and fecal coliforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O Falkinham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Feng X, Li D, Liang W, Ruan T, Jiang G. Recognition and Prioritization of Chemical Mixtures and Transformation Products in Chinese Estuarine Waters by Suspect Screening Analysis. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:9508-9517. [PMID: 33764750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical mixtures in surface waters could have significant impacts on exposure risks to human beings and pollution stress to aquatic system. By suspect screening analysis of high-resolution mass spectrometry data, occurrence, and compositions of ToxCast chemicals were investigated in grab estuarine water samples from a combination of 20 rivers that represents approximately 70% of the total river flow discharge along the east coast of China. In total, 59 ToxCast chemicals in seven use categories were identified, in which pesticides, intermediates, and pharmaceuticals were the abundant analogues. Significant differences in pollutant composition profiles were noticed, which possibly reflected singular release pattern and geographical-relevant usage preference (especially for herbicides and fungicides in the pesticide category). With the aid of tentative quantitative/semiquantitative measurement, essential contributors to the cumulative pollutant mass discharges and aquatic acute toxicity potentials were focused onto few particular chemicals. Existence of transformation products was further explored, which indicated that the fates of the selected parent ToxCast chemicals could be influenced by dominating transformation reactions (e.g., N-dealkylation and hydroxylation) and possible environmental factors (i.e., microbial activity). The results emphasize the necessity of suspect screening analysis for assessing the influence of terrestrial emissions of pollutants to the surrounding environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenqing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Abstract
Viruses are ubiquitous and abundant in the oceans, and viral metagenomes (viromes) have been investigated extensively via several large-scale ocean sequencing projects. However, there have not been any systematic viromic studies in estuaries. Here, we investigated the viromes of the Delaware Bay and Chesapeake Bay, two Mid-Atlantic estuaries. Deep sequencing generated a total of 48,190 assembled viral sequences (>5 kb) and 26,487 viral populations (9,204 virus clusters and 17,845 singletons), including 319 circular viral contigs between 7.5 kb and 161.8 kb. Unknown viruses represented the vast majority of the dominant populations, while the composition of known viruses, such as pelagiphage and cyanophage, appeared to be relatively consistent across a wide range of salinity gradients and in different seasons. A difference between estuarine and ocean viromes was reflected by the proportions of Myoviridae, Podoviridae, Siphoviridae, Phycodnaviridae, and a few well-studied virus representatives. The difference in viral community between the Delaware Bay and Chesapeake Bay is significantly more pronounced than the difference caused by temperature or salinity, indicating strong local profiles caused by the unique ecology of each estuary. Interestingly, a viral contig similar to phages infecting Acinetobacter baumannii (“Iraqibacter”) was found to be highly abundant in the Delaware Bay but not in the Chesapeake Bay, the source of which is yet to be identified. Highly abundant viruses in both estuaries have close hits to viral sequences derived from the marine single-cell genomes or long-read single-molecule sequencing, suggesting that important viruses are still waiting to be discovered in the estuarine environment. IMPORTANCE This is the first systematic study about spatial and temporal variation of virioplankton communities in estuaries using deep metagenomics sequencing. It is among the highest-quality viromic data sets to date, showing remarkably consistent sequencing depth and quality across samples. Our results indicate that there exists a large pool of abundant and diverse viruses in estuaries that have not yet been cultivated, their genomes only available thanks to single-cell genomics or single-molecule sequencing, demonstrating the importance of these methods for viral discovery. The spatiotemporal pattern of these abundant uncultivated viruses is more variable than that of cultured viruses. Despite strong environmental gradients, season and location had surprisingly little impact on the viral community within an estuary, but we saw a significant distinction between the two estuaries and also between estuarine and open ocean viromes.
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Moriarty PE, Essington TE, Horne JK, Keister JE, Li L, Parker-Stetter SL, Sato M. Unexpected food web responses to low dissolved oxygen in an estuarine fjord. Ecol Appl 2020; 30:e02204. [PMID: 32608148 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In coastal marine ecosystems, the depletion of dissolved oxygen can cause behavioral and distributional shifts of organisms and thereby alter ecological processes. We used the spatiotemporal variation in the onset and intensity of low dissolved oxygen in Hood Canal, Washington, USA, to investigate consequences of seasonally reduced oxygen on fish-zooplankton predator-prey interactions. By simultaneously monitoring densities of zooplankton (primarily the euphausiid; Euphausia pacifica) and zooplanktivorous fish (Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii, and Pacific hake, Mercluccius productus), and the feeding of zooplanktivorous fish, we could separate the effects of dissolved oxygen on fish-zooplankton interactions from other seasonal changes. We expected that fish predators (especially Pacific herring) would be less abundant and have lower feeding rates when oxygen levels declined below biological thresholds, and that this would result in increased zooplankton abundance in areas with lowest dissolved oxygen. However, these expectations were not borne out. Overall, there was mixed evidence for an effect of dissolved oxygen on many of our response variables, and when effects were detected, they were frequently in the opposite direction of our expectations. Specifically, the pelagic fish community became more abundant (as measured by increasing acoustic backscatter), which was particularly pronounced for Pacific herring. Zooplankton had weak evidence for a response to dissolved oxygen, but the direction was negative instead of positive. Although predator feeding composition was unrelated to dissolved oxygen, stomach fullness (an index of feeding intensity) of Pacific herring declined, as per our expectations. These unexpected findings highlight the importance of in situ measurements of multiple aspects of predator-prey linkages in response to environmental stress to enhance our ability to predict ecological consequences of declining oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela E Moriarty
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Timothy E Essington
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - John K Horne
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Julie E Keister
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Lingbo Li
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Delta, British Columbia, V3M 6A2, Canada
| | - Sandra L Parker-Stetter
- Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, 98112, USA
| | - Mei Sato
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Korajkic A, McMinn BR, Staley ZR, Ahmed W, Harwood VJ. Antibiotic-Resistant Enterococcus Species in Marine Habitats: A Review. Curr Opin Environ Sci Health 2020; 19:92-100. [PMID: 33134649 PMCID: PMC7592714 DOI: 10.1016/j.coesh.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus (ARE) are among leading causes of nosocomial infections worldwide. Enterococcus spp. are ubiquitous in sewage, which can contaminate surface waters via many pathways, providing a route of exposure for humans. This review focuses on ARE in marine and estuarine habitats, including marine animals. Phylogenetic confirmation of the genus Enterococcus and intermediate or full resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics were inclusion criteria. The proportion of resistant isolates varied greatly among antibiotics, for example, 24.2% for ampicillin and 2.4% for vancomycin. The water column contained the highest proportion of ARE observations (18.8%), followed by animal feces and tissues (14.8%), sediment (9.4%), and sand (2.0%). The proportion of multidrug-resistant isolates was the greatest in animal tissue and fecal samples, followed by water and sediments. This review indicates that clinically relevant ARE are present in marine/estuarine habitats and that animals may be important reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asja Korajkic
- United Stated Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brian R. McMinn
- United Stated Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Warish Ahmed
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australia
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15
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Blakeslee AMH, Manousaki T, Vasileiadou K, Tepolt CK. An evolutionary perspective on marine invasions. Evol Appl 2020; 13:479-485. [PMID: 32431730 PMCID: PMC7045714 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Species distributions are rapidly changing as human globalization increasingly moves organisms to novel environments. In marine systems, species introductions are the result of a number of anthropogenic mechanisms, notably shipping, aquaculture/mariculture, the pet and bait trades, and the creation of canals. Marine invasions are a global threat to human and non-human populations alike and are often listed as one of the top conservation concerns worldwide, having ecological, evolutionary, and social ramifications. Evolutionary investigations of marine invasions can provide crucial insight into an introduced species' potential impacts in its new range, including: physiological adaptation and behavioral changes to exploit new environments; changes in resident populations, community interactions, and ecosystems; and severe reductions in genetic diversity that may limit evolutionary potential in the introduced range. This special issue focuses on current research advances in the evolutionary biology of marine invasions and can be broadly classified into a few major avenues of research: the evolutionary history of invasive populations, post-invasion reproductive changes, and the role of evolution in parasite introductions. Together, they demonstrate the value of investigating marine invasions from an evolutionary perspective, with benefits to both fundamental and applied evolutionary biology at local and broad scales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tereza Manousaki
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and AquacultureHellenic Centre for Marine ResearchThalassocosmosGreece
| | | | - Carolyn K. Tepolt
- Department of BiologyWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods HoleMAUSA
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16
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Ridge JT, Rodriguez AB, Fodrie FJ. Evidence of exceptional oyster-reef resilience to fluctuations in sea level. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:10409-10420. [PMID: 29238564 PMCID: PMC5723620 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecosystems at the land-sea interface are vulnerable to rising sea level. Intertidal habitats must maintain their surface elevations with respect to sea level to persist via vertical growth or landward retreat, but projected rates of sea-level rise may exceed the accretion rates of many biogenic habitats. While considerable attention is focused on climate change over centennial timescales, relative sea level also fluctuates dramatically (10-30 cm) over month-to-year timescales due to interacting oceanic and atmospheric processes. To assess the response of oyster-reef (Crassostrea virginica) growth to interannual variations in mean sea level (MSL) and improve long-term forecasts of reef response to rising seas, we monitored the morphology of constructed and natural intertidal reefs over 5 years using terrestrial lidar. Timing of reef scans created distinct periods of high and low relative water level for decade-old reefs (n = 3) constructed in 1997 and 2000, young reefs (n = 11) constructed in 2011 and one natural reef (approximately 100 years old). Changes in surface elevation were related to MSL trends. Decade-old reefs achieved 2 cm/year growth, which occurred along higher elevations when MSL increased. Young reefs experienced peak growth (6.7 cm/year) at a lower elevation that coincided with a drop in MSL. The natural reef exhibited considerable loss during the low MSL of the first time step but grew substantially during higher MSL through the second time step, with growth peaking (4.3 cm/year) at MSL, reoccupying the elevations previously lost. Oyster reefs appear to be in dynamic equilibrium with short-term (month-to-year) fluctuations in sea level, evidencing notable resilience to future changes to sea level that surpasses other coastal biogenic habitat types. These growth patterns support the presence of a previously defined optimal growth zone that shifts correspondingly with changes in MSL, which can help guide oyster-reef conservation and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Ridge
- Institute of Marine Sciences University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Morehead City NC USA
| | - Antonio B Rodriguez
- Institute of Marine Sciences University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Morehead City NC USA
| | - F Joel Fodrie
- Institute of Marine Sciences University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Morehead City NC USA
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17
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Morash AJ, Mackellar SRC, Tunnah L, Barnett DA, Stehfest KM, Semmens JM, Currie S. Pass the salt: physiological consequences of ecologically relevant hyposmotic exposure in juvenile gummy sharks ( Mustelus antarcticus) and school sharks ( Galeorhinus galeus). Conserv Physiol 2016; 4:cow036. [PMID: 27757235 PMCID: PMC5066598 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cow036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Estuarine habitats are frequently used as nurseries by elasmobranch species for their protection and abundant resources; however, global climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of environmental challenges in these estuaries that may negatively affect elasmobranch physiology. Hyposmotic events are particularly challenging for marine sharks that osmoconform, and species-specific tolerances are not well known. Therefore, we sought to determine the effects of an acute (48 h) ecologically relevant hyposmotic event (25.8 ppt) on the physiology of two juvenile shark species, namely the school shark (Galeorhinus galeus), listed by the Australian Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act as 'conservation dependent', and the gummy shark (Mustelus antarcticus), from the Pittwater Estuary (Australia). In both species, we observed a decrease in plasma osmolality brought about by selective losses of NaCl, urea and trimethylamine N-oxide, as well as decreases in haemoglobin, haematocrit and routine oxygen consumption. Heat-shock protein levels varied between species during the exposure, but we found no evidence of protein damage in any of the tissues tested. Although both species seemed to be able to cope with this level of osmotic challenge, overall the school sharks exhibited higher gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity and ubiquitin concentrations in routine and experimental conditions, a larger heat-shock protein response and a smaller decrease in routine oxygen consumption during the hyposmotic exposure, suggesting that there are species-specific responses that could potentially affect their ability to withstand longer or more severe changes in salinity. Emerging evidence from acoustic monitoring of sharks has indicated variability in the species found in the Pittwater Estuary during hyposmotic events, and together, our data may help to predict species abundance and distribution in the face of future global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J. Morash
- Department of Biology,
Mount Allison University, Sackville, New
Brunswick, Canada E4L 1G7
| | - Sara R. C. Mackellar
- Department of Biology,
Mount Allison University, Sackville, New
Brunswick, Canada E4L 1G7
| | - Louise Tunnah
- Department of Biology,
Mount Allison University, Sackville, New
Brunswick, Canada E4L 1G7
| | - David A. Barnett
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute,
Moncton, New Brunswick, CanadaE1C 8X3
| | - Kilian M. Stehfest
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Center,
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of
Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania,
7053Australia
| | - Jayson M. Semmens
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Center,
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of
Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania,
7053Australia
| | - Suzanne Currie
- Department of Biology,
Mount Allison University, Sackville, New
Brunswick, Canada E4L 1G7
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18
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Liu J, Zheng BH, Liu LS, Ma YQ, Lin KX, Wang X, Xia Y. [Response Behaviors of Heavy Metals at Tidal Currents Interface and Salinity Interface in the Estuary Area]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2016; 37:2989-3000. [PMID: 29964724 DOI: 10.13277/j.hjkx.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In China, trace metals (such as dissolved Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cr) are the routine mandatory monitoring indicators in existing Freshwater Quality Standard (FWQS, 2002) and Seawater Quality Standard (SWQS, 1997). Using Daliao River estuary as an example, we tried to research the general response patterns of these metals in estuarine system. Firstly, we determined the location of FSI (freshwater-seawater interface) and TCI (tidal currents interface), which were based on biological, chemical and geographic similarities by descriptive and quantitative methods, respectively. Secondly, two hypotheses were proposed to explain the difference based on distribution coefficient Kd along salinity and SS (suspended solids) gradient, these results revealed that the indicators for As, Cd and Cr may be prone to be affected by salinity, and the ones in the second pattern may be more sensitive to SS. Finally, we classified the response behaviors into two patterns based on the changing trends along the distance and magnitudes affected by the FSI and TCI: 1the obvious boundary break point from FSI for As, Cd and Cr; 2 the boundary zones from TCI for Zn, Cu, Pb and Ni. The partitioning behaviors showed similar changing trends at particle and sediment phases, especially for particle phase, depending on the concentration of SS along the salinity. The difference between general behaviors for the two patterns mainly existed at water phase. In general, this paper highlighted the need to consider the background difference of trace metals and identified the sensitive indicators controlled by different environment factors (such as salinity and SS) based on the native estuarine characteristics. Our work will assist the implementation of updating the current water quality standards in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.,Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Bing-Hui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.,Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lu-San Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.,Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Ying-Qun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.,Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Kui-Xuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.,Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.,Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.,Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Lefcheck JS, Brandl SJ, Reynolds PL, Smyth AR, Meyer ST. Extending Rapid Ecosystem Function Assessments to Marine Ecosystems: A Reply to Meyer. Trends Ecol Evol 2016; 31:251-3. [PMID: 26922421 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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DeLorenzo ME, Key PB, Chung KW, Sapozhnikova Y, Fulton MH. Comparative toxicity of pyrethroid insecticides to two estuarine crustacean species, Americamysis bahia and Palaemonetes pugio. Environ Toxicol 2014; 29:1099-1106. [PMID: 23364944 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used on agricultural crops, as well as for nurseries, golf courses, urban structural and landscaping sites, residential home and garden pest control, and mosquito abatement. Evaluation of sensitive marine and estuarine species is essential for the development of toxicity testing and risk-assessment protocols. Two estuarine crustacean species, Americamysis bahia (mysids) and Palaemonetes pugio (grass shrimp), were tested with the commonly used pyrethroid compounds, lambda-cyhalothrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and phenothrin. Sensitivities of adult and larval grass shrimp and 7-day-old mysids were compared using standard 96-h LC50 bioassay protocols. Adult and larval grass shrimp were more sensitive than the mysids to all the pyrethroids tested. Larval grass shrimp were approximately 18-fold more sensitive to lambda-cyhalothrin than the mysids. Larval grass shrimp were similar in sensitivity to adult grass shrimp for cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and phenothrin, but larvae were approximately twice as sensitive to lambda-cyhalothrin and permethrin as adult shrimp. Acute toxicity to estuarine crustaceans occurred at low nanogram per liter concentrations of some pyrethroids, illustrating the need for careful regulation of the use of pyrethroid compounds in the coastal zone.
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Pramanik A, Sundararaman M, Das S, Ghosh U, Mukherjee J. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CYANOBACTERIA POSSESSING ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY FROM THE SUNDARBANS, THE WORLD'S LARGEST TIDAL MANGROVE FOREST(1). J Phycol 2011; 47:731-743. [PMID: 27020009 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Eight obligately halophilic, euryhaline cyanobacteria from intertidal soil were isolated in artificial seawater nutrients III (ASN-III) medium. Antimicrobial activity, 16S rRNA gene sequences, phenotypic characters as well as growth and antibiosis in response to variable salinity, temperature, phosphate concentration, and pH were studied. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and multiple drug-resistant clinical isolates ranged between 0.25 and 0.5 mg · mL(-1) . Cytotoxicity tests showed 73%-84% human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29/C1) cell survival at MIC values, indicating that the extracts were nontoxic. Morphologically, six cyanobacteria were assigned to the Lyngbya-Phormidium-Plectonema (LPP) group B, and one each was assigned to Oscillatoria and Synechocystis genera. Glycerol, mannitol, and starch supported better photoheterotrophic growth than simpler mono- and disaccharides. No heterocyst formation was observed when grown under nitrogen-starved conditions. All isolates survived 7‰ salinity, grew at minimum 32‰ salinity, and showed sustained growth throughout 32‰-82‰ salinity but matured poorly in freshwater medium supplemented with 30.0 g · L(-1) NaCl. Antimicrobial production occurred only at 32‰ salinity. While four of the eight isolates demonstrated sustained growth at 37°C, maximum antimicrobial activity was obtained at 25°C. All strains showed maximum growth and antimicrobial elaboration at 0.04 g · L(-1) phosphate. All isolates thrived at pH 9.5; six grew at pH 4.5, though antimicrobial production occurred only at pH 7.5. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of the filamentous isolates validated the previous taxonomic affiliations established on morphological characteristics. This is the first study of antimicrobial-producing halophilic cyanobacteria from the mangroves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Pramanik
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaNational Facility for Marine Cyanobacteria, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, IndiaPeerless Hospital and B.K. Roy Research Centre, Kolkata 700094, IndiaDepartment of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaSchool of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Muthuraman Sundararaman
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaNational Facility for Marine Cyanobacteria, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, IndiaPeerless Hospital and B.K. Roy Research Centre, Kolkata 700094, IndiaDepartment of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaSchool of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Satadal Das
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaNational Facility for Marine Cyanobacteria, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, IndiaPeerless Hospital and B.K. Roy Research Centre, Kolkata 700094, IndiaDepartment of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaSchool of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Uma Ghosh
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaNational Facility for Marine Cyanobacteria, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, IndiaPeerless Hospital and B.K. Roy Research Centre, Kolkata 700094, IndiaDepartment of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaSchool of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Joydeep Mukherjee
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaNational Facility for Marine Cyanobacteria, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, IndiaPeerless Hospital and B.K. Roy Research Centre, Kolkata 700094, IndiaDepartment of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaSchool of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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Chen CY, Dionne M, Mayes BM, Ward DM, Sturup S, Jackson BP. Mercury bioavailability and bioaccumulation in estuarine food webs in the Gulf of Maine. Environ Sci Technol 2009; 43:1804-10. [PMID: 19368175 PMCID: PMC2670462 DOI: 10.1021/es8017122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Marine food webs are important links between Hg in the environment and human exposure via consumption of fish. Estuaries contain sediment repositories of Hg and are also critical habitat for marine fish and shellfish species consumed by humans. MeHg biotransfers from sites of production in estuarine sediments to higher trophic levels via both benthic and pelagic pathways. In this study, we investigated the potential for Hg biotransfer to estuarine food webs across a Hg contamination gradient in the Gulf of Maine. Despite the variation in sediment Hg concentrations across sites (>100 fold), Hg concentrations in biota ranged by only 2-4 fold for each species across sites. Sediment contamination alone explained some variation in Hg and MeHg concentrations in biota across sites. However, biogeochemical and ecological factors also explained significant variation in Hg bioaccumulation across species. Contaminated sites had higher total organic carbon concentrations in sediments, which related to a decrease in Hg bioaccumulation (measured as biota-sediment concentration factors). Moreover, concentrations of MeHg were higher in pelagic-feeding than benthic-feeding fauna (determined from delta13C), indicating the importance of pelagic pathways in transferring MeHg. Lastly, the proportion of total Hg as MeHg increased with trophic level (measured as delta15N). These results reveal the importance of both biogeochemical and ecological factors in determining the bioavailability and trophic transfer of MeHg in estuarine food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Y Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, HB 6044 Gilman Hall, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
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23
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Niemi G, Wardrop D, Brooks R, Anderson S, Brady V, Paerl H, Rakocinski C, Brouwer M, Levinson B, McDonald M. Rationale for a new generation of indicators for coastal waters. Environ Health Perspect 2004; 112:979-986. [PMID: 15198917 PMCID: PMC1247190 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.6903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2003] [Accepted: 05/10/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
More than half the world's human population lives within 100 km of the coast, and that number is expected to increase by 25% over the next two decades. Consequently, coastal ecosystems are at serious risk. Larger coastal populations and increasing development have led to increased loading of toxic substances, nutrients and pathogens with subsequent algal blooms, hypoxia, beach closures, and damage to coastal fisheries. Recent climate change has led to the rise in sea level with loss of coastal wetlands and saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers. Coastal resources have traditionally been monitored on a stressor-by-stressor basis such as for nutrient loading or dissolved oxygen. To fully measure the complexities of coastal systems, we must develop a new set of ecologic indicators that span the realm of biological organization from genetic markers to entire ecosystems and are broadly applicable across geographic regions while integrating stressor types. We briefly review recent developments in ecologic indicators and emphasize the need for improvements in understanding of stress-response relationships, contributions of multiple stressors, assessments over different spatial and temporal scales, and reference conditions. We provide two examples of ecologic indicators that can improve our understanding of these inherent problems: a) the use of photopigments as indicators of the interactive effects of nutrients and hydrology, and b) biological community approaches that use multiple taxa to detect effects on ecosystem structure and function. These indicators are essential to measure the condition of coastal resources, to diagnose stressors, to communicate change to the public, and ultimately to protect human health and the quality of the coastal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Niemi
- Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55811-1442, USA.
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