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Ambika S, Manojkumar Y, Arunachalam S, Gowdhami B, Meenakshi Sundaram KK, Solomon RV, Venuvanalingam P, Akbarsha MA, Sundararaman M. Biomolecular Interaction, Anti-Cancer and Anti-Angiogenic Properties of Cobalt(III) Schiff Base Complexes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2721. [PMID: 30804454 PMCID: PMC6389928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two cobalt(III) Schiff base complexes, trans-[Co(salen)(DA)2](ClO4) (1) and trans-[Co(salophen)(DA)2](ClO4) (2) (where salen: N,N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine, salopen: N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,2-phenylenediamine, DA: dodecylamine) were synthesised and characterised using various spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The binding affinity of both the complexes with CT-DNA was explored adopting UV-visible, fluorescence, circular dichroism spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry techniques. The results revealed that both the complexes interacted with DNA via intercalation as well as notable groove binding. Protein (BSA) binding ability of these complexes was investigated by absorption and emission spectroscopy which indicate that these complexes engage in strong hydrophobic interaction with BSA. The mode of interaction between these complexes and CT-DNA/BSA was studied by molecular docking analysis. The in vitro cytotoxic property of the complexes was evaluated in A549 (human small cell lung carcinoma) and VERO (African green monkey kidney cells). The results revealed that the complexes affect viability of the cells. AO and EB staining and cell cycle analysis revealed that the mode of cell death is apoptosis. Both the complexes showed profound inhibition of angiogenesis as revealed in in-vivo chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Of the two complexes, the complex 2 proved to be much more efficient in affecting the viability of lung cancer cells than complex 1. These results indicate that the cobalt(III) Schiff base complexes in this study can be potentially used for cancer chemotherapy and as inhibitor of angiogenesis, in general, and lung cancer in particular, for which there is need for substantiation at the level of signalling mechanisms and gene expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Ambika
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India.,Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Yesaiyan Manojkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India.,Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Sankaralingam Arunachalam
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India. .,Plot-46, Nagappa Nagar, Airport (Post), Tiruchirappalli, 620007, India.
| | - Balakrishnan Gowdhami
- Mahatma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Centre, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India.,National Center for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India
| | - Kishore Kumar Meenakshi Sundaram
- Centre for Environmental Research and Development (CERD), Loyola Institute of Frontier Energy (LIFE), Loyola College, Chennai, 600 034, India
| | - Rajadurai Vijay Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Madras Christian College (Autonomous), East Tambaram, Chennai, 600 059, India
| | | | - Mohammad Abdulkader Akbarsha
- Mahatma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Centre, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India.,Research Coordinator, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, 620001, India
| | - Muthuraman Sundararaman
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India
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Manivannan C, Meenakshi Sundaram K, Sundararaman M, Renganathan R. Investigation on the inclusion and toxicity of acriflavine with cyclodextrins: a spectroscopic approach. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2014; 122:164-70. [PMID: 24309178 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Acriflavine hydrochloride (AFN) is a prospective drug worn in the eradication of HIV1 infection. The toxicity and adverse side effects renders the potent drug to limits its usage. However, to overcome the dilemma we have aimed to select carriers with great complexation efficiencies in different cyclodextrins (CDs) of varying cavity size. The interaction of AFN with α, β and γ-CDs were investigated using absorption and steady state as well as lifetime measurements. From the obtained data it was found that AFN fits in the cavity of α and β-CDs but unable to form inclusion complex with γ-CD. The effect of quencher molecules during the inclusion phenomena of AFN with CDs was explored via steady state measurements. The nature of binding forces responsible for the inclusion of AFN with CDs was discussed by using thermodynamic parameters. Using Benesi-Hildebrand equation the stoichiometry of AFN with CDs was predominantly found to be 1:1. To get deeper in situ, the in vitro toxicity of AFN and its complexation product were probed by Artemia salina sp. The toxicity of AFN was reduced when complexed with α and β-CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Manivannan
- Department of Chemistry, K.S.R. College of Engineering, Tiruchengode 637215, India
| | - K Meenakshi Sundaram
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - M Sundararaman
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - R Renganathan
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India.
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Maruthanayagam V, Nagarajan M, Sundararaman M. In Vivo Toxicity of the Culturable Marine Cyanobacterium Geitlerinema pseudacutissimum CNP 1019 Extract on Male Swiss Albino Mice (Mus musculus). J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2014; 33:99-109. [DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2014010409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Sundararaman M, Rajesh Kumar R, Venkatesan P, Ilangovan A. 1-Alkyl-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridinium bromides: inhibitory effect on virulence factors of Candida albicans and on the growth of bacterial pathogens. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:241-248. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.050070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Maruthanayagam V, Nagarajan M, Sundararaman M. Cytotoxicity assessment of cultivable marine cyanobacterial extracts inArtemia salina(brine shrimp) larvae and cancer cell lines. TOXIN REV 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/15569543.2012.754772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Nagarajan M, Maruthanayagam V, Sundararaman M. SAR analysis and bioactive potentials of freshwater and terrestrial cyanobacterial compounds: a review. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 33:313-49. [PMID: 23172644 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater and terrestrial cyanobacteria resemble the marine forms in producing divergent chemicals such as linear, cyclic and azole containing peptides, alkaloids, cyclophanes, terpenes, lactones, etc. These metabolites have wider biomedical potentials in targeting proteases, cancers, parasites, pathogens and other cyanobacteria and algae (allelopathy). Among the various families of non-marine cyanobacterial peptides reported, many of them are acting as serine protease inhibitors. While the micropeptin family has a preference for chymotrypsin inhibition rather than other serine proteases, the aeruginosin family targets trypsin and thrombin. In addition, cyanobacterial compounds such as scytonemide A, lyngbyazothrins C and D and cylindrocyclophanes were found to inhibit 20S proteosome. Apart from proteases, metabolites blocking the other targets of cancer pathways may exhibit cytotoxic effect. Colon and rectum, breast, lung and prostate are the worst affecting cancers in humans and are deduced to be inhibited by both peptidic and non-peptidic compounds. Moreover, the growth of infections causing parasites such as Plasmodium, Leishmania and Trypanosoma are well controlled by peptides: aerucyclamides A-D, tychonamides and alkaloids: nostocarboline and calothrixins. Likewise, varieties of cyanobacterial compounds tend to inhibit serious infectious disease causing bacterial, fungal and viral agents. Interestingly, portoamides, spiroidesin, nostocyclamide and kasumigamide are the allelopathic peptides determined to suppress the growth of toxic cyanobacteria and nuisance algae. Thus cyanobacterial compounds have a broad bioactive spectrum; the analysis of SAR studies will not only assist to find out the mode of action but also reveal bioactive key components. Thereby, developing the drugs bearing these bioactive skeletons to treat various illnesses is wide open.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nagarajan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
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Boopathi S, Gopinath S, Boopathi T, Balamurugan V, Rajeshkumar R, Sundararaman M. Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties of Silver and Silver Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Cell-Free Extract of a Mangrove-Associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa M6 Using Two Different Thermal Treatments. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie3001869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seenivasan Boopathi
- Department of Marine Biotechnology,
National Facility
for Marine Cyanobacteria, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli−620
024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Gopinath
- Department of Marine Biotechnology,
National Facility
for Marine Cyanobacteria, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli−620
024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Thangavelu Boopathi
- Department of Marine Biotechnology,
National Facility
for Marine Cyanobacteria, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli−620
024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vadivel Balamurugan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology,
National Facility
for Marine Cyanobacteria, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli−620
024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Radhakrishnan Rajeshkumar
- Department of Marine Biotechnology,
National Facility
for Marine Cyanobacteria, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli−620
024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Muthuraman Sundararaman
- Department of Marine Biotechnology,
National Facility
for Marine Cyanobacteria, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli−620
024, Tamilnadu, India
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Sundararaman M, Kalatharan J, Jawahar K. Computer assisted semen analysis for quantification of motion characteristics of bull sperm during cryopreservation cycle. Vet World 2012. [DOI: 10.5455/vetworld.2012.723-726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Abstract
The opportunistic yeast pathogen Candida albicans and the emerging non-albicans Candida spp. cause life-threatening infections in immuno-compromised patients, leading to an increase in mortality rate. At present, the emergence of non-albicans Candida spp. causes serious infections that are difficult to treat the human populations worldwide. The available, synthetic antifungal drugs show high toxicity to host tissues causing adverse effects. Many metabolites of terrestrial and marine plants, microbes, algae, etc., contain a rich source of unexplored novel leads of different types, which are under use to treat various diseases. Such natural drugs are less expensive and have lower toxicity to host tissues. The patent search on identified and potential anticandidal-lead molecules, from various patent databases, has been described in this review. Furthermore, this article consolidates the trends in the development of anticandidal drug discovery worldwide. Most of the investigations on natural, bioactive molecules against candidiasis are in various phases of clinical trials, of which, two drugs Caspofungin acetate and Micafungin sodium were approved by the U.S. FDA. In conclusion, the exploration of drugs from natural resources serves as a better alternative source in anticandidal therapeutics, having great scope for drug discovery in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Rajeshkumar
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Facility for Marine Cyanobacteria, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
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Nagarajan M, Maruthanayagam V, Sundararaman M. A review of pharmacological and toxicological potentials of marine cyanobacterial metabolites. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 32:153-85. [PMID: 21910132 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Novel toxic metabolites from marine cyanobacteria have been thoroughly explored. Biologically active and chemically diverse compounds that could be hepatotoxic, neurotoxic or cytotoxic, such as cyclic peptides, lipopeptides, fatty acid amides, alkaloids and saccharides, have been produced from marine cyanobacteria. Many reports have revealed that biosynthesis of active metabolites is predominant during cyanobacterial bloom formation. Marine cyanobacterial toxic metabolites exhibit important biological properties, such as interfering in signal transduction either by activation or blockage of sodium channels or by targeting signaling proteins; inducing apoptosis by disrupting cytoskeletal proteins; and inhibiting membrane transporters, receptors, serine proteases and topoisomerases. The pharmacological importance of these metabolites resides in their proliferation and growth-controlling abilities towards cancer cell lines and disease-causing potent microbial agents (bacteria, virus, fungi and protozoa). Besides their toxic and pharmacological potentials, the present review discusses structural and functional resemblance of marine cyanobacterial metabolites to marine algae, sponges and mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nagarajan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
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Pramanik A, Sundararaman M, Das S, Ghosh U, Mukherjee J. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CYANOBACTERIA POSSESSING ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY FROM THE SUNDARBANS, THE WORLD'S LARGEST TIDAL MANGROVE FOREST(1). J Phycol 2011; 47:731-743. [PMID: 27020009 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Eight obligately halophilic, euryhaline cyanobacteria from intertidal soil were isolated in artificial seawater nutrients III (ASN-III) medium. Antimicrobial activity, 16S rRNA gene sequences, phenotypic characters as well as growth and antibiosis in response to variable salinity, temperature, phosphate concentration, and pH were studied. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and multiple drug-resistant clinical isolates ranged between 0.25 and 0.5 mg · mL(-1) . Cytotoxicity tests showed 73%-84% human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29/C1) cell survival at MIC values, indicating that the extracts were nontoxic. Morphologically, six cyanobacteria were assigned to the Lyngbya-Phormidium-Plectonema (LPP) group B, and one each was assigned to Oscillatoria and Synechocystis genera. Glycerol, mannitol, and starch supported better photoheterotrophic growth than simpler mono- and disaccharides. No heterocyst formation was observed when grown under nitrogen-starved conditions. All isolates survived 7‰ salinity, grew at minimum 32‰ salinity, and showed sustained growth throughout 32‰-82‰ salinity but matured poorly in freshwater medium supplemented with 30.0 g · L(-1) NaCl. Antimicrobial production occurred only at 32‰ salinity. While four of the eight isolates demonstrated sustained growth at 37°C, maximum antimicrobial activity was obtained at 25°C. All strains showed maximum growth and antimicrobial elaboration at 0.04 g · L(-1) phosphate. All isolates thrived at pH 9.5; six grew at pH 4.5, though antimicrobial production occurred only at pH 7.5. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of the filamentous isolates validated the previous taxonomic affiliations established on morphological characteristics. This is the first study of antimicrobial-producing halophilic cyanobacteria from the mangroves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Pramanik
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaNational Facility for Marine Cyanobacteria, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, IndiaPeerless Hospital and B.K. Roy Research Centre, Kolkata 700094, IndiaDepartment of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaSchool of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Muthuraman Sundararaman
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaNational Facility for Marine Cyanobacteria, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, IndiaPeerless Hospital and B.K. Roy Research Centre, Kolkata 700094, IndiaDepartment of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaSchool of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Satadal Das
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaNational Facility for Marine Cyanobacteria, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, IndiaPeerless Hospital and B.K. Roy Research Centre, Kolkata 700094, IndiaDepartment of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaSchool of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Uma Ghosh
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaNational Facility for Marine Cyanobacteria, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, IndiaPeerless Hospital and B.K. Roy Research Centre, Kolkata 700094, IndiaDepartment of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaSchool of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Joydeep Mukherjee
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaNational Facility for Marine Cyanobacteria, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, IndiaPeerless Hospital and B.K. Roy Research Centre, Kolkata 700094, IndiaDepartment of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaSchool of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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Teets A, Minardi C, Sundararaman M, Hughey C, Were L. Extraction, Identification, and Quantification of Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids in Electron Beam-Irradiated Almond Skin Powder. J Food Sci 2009; 74:C298-305. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Teets A, Sundararaman M, Were L. Electron beam irradiated almond skin powder inhibition of lipid oxidation in cooked salted ground chicken breast. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sundararaman M, Chen W, Wahi R, Wiedenmann A, Wagner W, Petry W. TEM and SANS investigation of age hardened nimonic PE16 after cyclic loading at room temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0956-7151(92)90079-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sundararaman M, Chen W, Singh V, Wahi R. TEM investigation of γ′ free bands in nimonic PE16 under LCF loading at room temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0956-7151(90)90293-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Jain AK, Kulkarni V, Sood D, Sundararaman M, Yadav R. Laser induced surface alloy formation and diffusion of antimony in aluminium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0029-554x(80)91265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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