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Griffin EK, Hall LM, Brown MA, Taylor-Manges A, Green T, Suchanec K, Furman BT, Congdon VM, Wilson SS, Osborne TZ, Martin S, Schultz EA, Holden MM, Lukacsa DT, Greenberg JA, Deliz Quiñones KY, Lin EZ, Camacho C, Bowden JA. Aquatic Vegetation, an Understudied Depot for PFAS. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2023; 34:1826-1836. [PMID: 37163353 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of manufactured chemicals that have been extensively utilized worldwide. We hypothesize that the presence, uptake, and accumulation of PFAS in aquatic vegetation (AV) is dependent upon several factors, such as the physiochemical properties of PFAS and proximity to potential sources. In this study, AV was collected from eight locations in Florida to investigate the PFAS presence, accumulation, and spatiotemporal distribution. PFAS were detected in AV at all sampling locations, with a range from 0.18 to 55 ng/g sum (∑)PFAS. Individual PFAS and their concentrations varied by sampling location, time, and AV species. A total of 12 PFAS were identified, with the greatest concentrations measured in macroalgae. The average bioconcentration factor (BCF) among all samples was 1225, indicating high PFAS accumulation in AV from surface water. The highest concentrations, across all AV types, were recorded in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), a location with a history of elevated PFAS burdens. The present study represents the first investigation of PFAS in naturally existing estuarine AV, filling an important gap on PFAS partitioning within the environment, as well as providing insights into exposure pathways for aquatic herbivores. Examining the presence, fate, and transport of these persistent chemicals in Florida's waterways is critical for understanding their effect on environmental, wildlife, and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Griffin
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Lauren M Hall
- St. Johns River Water Management District, Palm Bay, Florida 32909, United States
| | - Melynda A Brown
- Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Punta Gorda, Florida 33955, United States
| | - Arielle Taylor-Manges
- Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Punta Gorda, Florida 33955, United States
| | - Trisha Green
- Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Charlotte Harbor Seagrasses Aquatic Preserves, Punta Gorda, Florida 33955, United States
| | - Katherine Suchanec
- Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Charlotte Harbor Seagrasses Aquatic Preserves, Punta Gorda, Florida 33955, United States
| | - Bradley T Furman
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, United States
| | - Victoria M Congdon
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, United States
| | - Sara S Wilson
- Division of Coastlines and Oceans, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW Eighth Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Todd Z Osborne
- Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystems, Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, Florida 32080, United States
| | - Shawn Martin
- Department of Marine and Environmental Technology, College of the Florida Keys, Key West, Florida 33040, United States
| | - Emma A Schultz
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Mackenzie M Holden
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Dylan T Lukacsa
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Justin A Greenberg
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Katherine Y Deliz Quiñones
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Elizabeth Z Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Camden Camacho
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - John A Bowden
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Griffin EK, Hall LM, Brown MA, Taylor-Manges A, Green T, Suchanec K, Furman BT, Congdon VM, Wilson SS, Osborne TZ, Martin S, Schultz EA, Lukacsa DT, Greenberg JA, Bowden JA. PFAS surveillance in abiotic matrices within vital aquatic habitats throughout Florida. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 192:115011. [PMID: 37236089 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of manufactured chemicals that are resistant to degradation and thus persistent in the environment. The presence, uptake, and accumulation of PFAS is dependent upon the physiochemical properties of the PFAS and matrix, as well as the environmental conditions since the time of release. The objective of this study was to measure the extent of PFAS contamination in surface water and sediment from nine vulnerable aquatic systems throughout Florida. PFAS were detected at all sampling locations with sediment exhibiting greater PFAS concentrations when compared to surface water. At most locations, elevated concentrations of PFAS were identified around areas of increased human activity, such as airports, military bases, and wastewater effluents. The results from the present study highlight the ubiquitous presence of PFAS in vital Florida waterways and filled an important gap in understanding the distribution of PFAS in dynamic, yet vulnerable, aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Griffin
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Lauren M Hall
- St. Johns River Water Management District, Palm Bay, FL 32909, USA.
| | - Melynda A Brown
- Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Charlotte Harbor Aquatic Preserves, Punta Gorda, FL 33955, USA.
| | - Arielle Taylor-Manges
- Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Charlotte Harbor Aquatic Preserves, Punta Gorda, FL 33955, USA.
| | - Trisha Green
- Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Big Bend Seagrasses Aquatic Preserves, Crystal River, FL 34429, USA.
| | - Katherine Suchanec
- Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Big Bend Seagrasses Aquatic Preserves, Crystal River, FL 34429, USA.
| | - Bradley T Furman
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
| | - Victoria M Congdon
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
| | - Sara S Wilson
- Division of Coastlines and Oceans, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Todd Z Osborne
- Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystems, Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL 32080, USA.
| | - Shawn Martin
- Department of Marine and Environmental Technology, College of the Florida Keys, Key West, FL 33040, USA.
| | - Emma A Schultz
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Dylan T Lukacsa
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Justin A Greenberg
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - John A Bowden
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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